Komitet Organizacyjny...SESJA POSTEROWA – krótka charakterystyka przedstawianych tematów...

I Międzynarodowa Konferencja Młodych Naukowców „Przyroda-Las-Technologia” - Abstrakty

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Organizatorzy:

Samorząd Doktorantów Wydzialu Leśnego

Wydział Leśny Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu

Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu

Komitet Organizacyjny:

Marlena Baranowska-Wasilewska (przewodnicząca Komitetu Organizacyjnego)

Wojciech Borzyszkowski (sekretarz Komitetu Organizacyjnego)

Kamil Kondracki

Sławomir Sułkowski

Sandra Wajchman

Blanka Wiatrowska

Łukasz Antosz

Jakub Jakubowski

Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk

Krzysztof Polowy

Mikołaj Jakubowski

Jolanta Węgiel

Ewa Teodorowicz

Komitet Naukowy:

Przewodniczący:

prof. dr hab. Piotr Łakomy - Prodziekan ds. Nauki i Rozwoju Wydziału Leśnego

Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu

Członkowie:

prof. dr hab. Roman Gornowicz – Dziekan Wydziału Leśnego Uniwersytetu

Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu

dr hab. Roman Jaszczak, prof. nadzw. - Kierownik Studium Doktoranckiego przy

Wydziale Leśnym


2013

Program konferencji

06. 09. 2013 r. (piątek):

14.00-16.00

Rejestracja uczestników Konferencji (DS Przylesie, ul. Wojska Polskiego 85)

16.00-16.15

Rozpoczęcie Konferencji

16.15-17.15

SESJA POSTEROWA – krótka charakterystyka przedstawianych tematów badawczych

17:15-17.30

Głosowanie na najlepsze plakaty

17:30-17:45

Rozpoczęcie sesji referatowej

18:30-19.00

Dyskusja i podsumowanie sesji posterowej

19:00

Kolacja

Harmonogram wystąpień w trakcie sesji posterowej:

1. Szczepaniak Katarzyna, Występowanie rodziny Chironomidae w paleogeńskich

lasach bursztynowych oraz w czwartorzędowych lasach dominikańskich,

Uniwersytet Warszawski

2. Bednarek Agata, Sawadro Marta, Małota Karol, After the fire – the invasion

of spiders, Uniwersytet Śląski

3. Król Zofia, Ecology of epiphytic and epigeic linyphiids (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

of oak-hornbeam forest, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu

4. Zawitkowski Jan, Entomopahtogenic fungi in selected landscape parks of the

Śląsk and Masovian Provinces, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego

w Warszawie


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5. Bełka Marta, Studies on Rhizoctonia spp. isolates causing damping-off Scots pine

seedlings in Nowy Dwór forest nursery, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu

6. Pietras Marcin, Does crown defoliation level affect ectomycorrhizal diversity

in peduncutale oak (Qurcus robur L.) forests? Instytut Dendrologii PAN

w Kórniku

7. Ogórek Rafał, Bracket fungus found around the trails leading to the peak Igliczna,

Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu

8. Baranowska-Wasilewska Marlena, Wpływ warunków stresowych na podatność

wybranych gatunków drzew leśnych w stosunku Heterobasidion annosum sensu

stricto, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu

9. Behnke-Borowczyk Jolanta, Identyfikacja molekularna gatunków z rodzaju

Armillaria sp. porażających uprawy sosnowe zachodniej Polski, Uniwersytet

Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu

10. Kupska Agnieszka, Reakcja wybranych gatunków roślin ozdobnych na stres

solny, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu

11. Muszyńska Ewa, The common birch physiological condition verified in trees

growing in wastes obtained after zinc and lead flotation compared with trees from

other areas, Uniwersytet Rolniczy im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowie

12. Budzik Krystian, Orchidaceae diversity in selected forest areas on the Rożnów

Foothills, Uniwersytet Jagielloński

13. Budzik Karolina, Monitoring of the Salamandra salamandra population

in northern Rożnów Foothills, Uniwersytet Jagielloński

14. Chomontowski Chrystian, Social, didactical and scientific functions of Warsaw

forest districts, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie

15. Chomontowski Chrystian, Analysis of the financial outlays on the conservation of

nature incurred in Warsaw forest districts, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa

Wiejskiego w Warszawie

07. 09. 2013 r. (sobota):

9:00 – 9:45 Rozpoczęcie Konferencji, powitanie uczestników, wykład

inauguracyjny


2013

9:45 – 10:00 Klebba Martyna, Roztocze glebowe (Acari, Oribatida) wybranych

parków miejskich i terenów zieleni w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet

Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy im. J i J. Śniadeckich w Bydgoszczy

10:00 – 10:15 Szczukowska Hanna, Oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of open and

forested habitats of County Meath (Ireland) Uniwersytet

Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich

w Bydgoszczy

10:15 – 10:30 Zawitkowski Jan, Entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes

in selected areas of Mokotów and Ursynów district in Warsaw.

Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie

10:30 – 10:45 Matulewski Paweł, Wykorzystanie dendrochronologii do badań

procesów geomorfologicznych- przegląd literatury, Uniwersytet im.

Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

11:00 – 11:30 PRZERWA KAWOWA

11:30 – 11:45 Kasztelan Adrian, Wpływ wybranych elementów klimatu

na przebieg przyrostu promieniowego dębu w Uroczysku Puszcza

Zielonka, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu

12:00 – 12:15 Borzyszkowski Wojciech, Biometric analysis of Pinus ponderosa

Dougl. ex Laws. Stand on experimental site in Rogów Arboretum

12:15 – 12:30 Matulewski Paweł, Wykorzystanie dendrochronologii do badań

procesów geomorfologicznych na przykładzie Pojezierza

Brodnickiego. Zamierzenia badawcze. Uniwersytet im. Adama

Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

12:30 – 12:45 Dawidowicz Luiza, Wilda - projekt ogrodu dla mieszkańców,


12:45 – 13:00 Wajchman Sandra, Borzyszkowski Wojciech; Atrakcyjność

przyrodniczo-leśna okolic Poznania w oczach jego mieszkańców,



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13:00 – 13:15 Szymański Emil, Balana Marcin, Meaning of the protection bees in

The Karkonosze National Park and The Białowieża National Park,

Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wrocławiu

13:15 – 13:30 Tomczykowska Paulina, Funkcje i znaczenie lasów w zasięgu

oddziaływania miast – przykład Torunia. Uniwersytet im. Mikołaja

Kopernika w Toruniu.

13:30 – 13:45 Balana Marcin, Szymański Emil; Marketing activities of national

parks in Poland. Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wrocławiu

13:45 – 14:00 Kociniewska Katarzyna, Rewitalizacja lesnego traktu kolejowego

miedzy Wolimierzem w Polsce a Jedrychowicami w Czechach jako

szansa rozwoju turystyki Regionu Pogórza Izerskiego, Uniwersytet

Technologiczno Przyrodniczy w Bydgoszczy

14:00 – 15:00 PRZERWA OBIADOWA, RESTAURACJA „POEZJA

SMAKÓW”, UL. WOJSKA POLSKIEGO 85, DS „PRZYLESIE”

15:00 – 15:15 Wajchman Sandra, Udostępnienie lasów wybranych nadleśnictw

aglomeracji poznańskiej do realizacji funkcji turystycznych,


15:15 – 15:30 Rosadziński Stanisław, Lasy i bory Dolnych Łużyc jako ostoje

rzadkich i zagrożonych gatunków roślin naczyniowych i mszaków,

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

15:30 – 15:45 Wełnicka Anna, Zróżnicowanie lasów świeżych na przykładzie

Nadleśnictwa Susz, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu

15:45 – 16:00 Sękiewicz Maciej, Effect of geographic range discontinuity

on species differentiation: East-Mediterranean Abies cilicica case

study, Instytut Dendrologii PAN w Kórniku

16:00 – 16:15 Ogórek Rafał, Fungi in the air at the mountain trails of the Czarna

Góra Massif, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu


2013

16:15 – 16:30 Pietras Marcin, Ectomycorrhizal community composition of five

tree species in bare-root forest nurseries, Instytut Dendrologii PAN

w Kórniku

16:30 – 16:45 PRZERWA KAWOWA

16:45 – 17:00 Marlena Baranowska-Wasilewska, Występowanie Erysiphe

alphitoides w drzewostanach dębowych dotkniętych klęską

powodzi z 1997 roku, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu

17:00 – 17:15 Zwitkowski Jan, The occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in the

Chojnowski Landscape Park in Poland, Szkoła Główna

Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie

17:15 – 17:30 Rabiniak Emilia, The ecological aspect in the analysis of the tooth

enamel two types oflagomorphs (Ochotona and Prolagus),

Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu

17:30 – 17:45 Jasińska Karolina, Mammals species observed on railways

roadsides in central Poland, Szkoła Głowna Gospodarstwa

Wiejskiego w Warszawie

17:45– 18:00 Kośmider Jakub, Changes in red foxes occurence on warsaws

cemeteries, Szkoła Głowna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego

w Warszawie

18:00 – 18:15 Kowal Piotr, Sztuczny drapieżnik, czyli pociąg w rozumieniu

zwierząt, Szkoła Głowna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie

18:15– 18:45 DYSKUSJA I PODSUMOWANIE KONFERENCJI

19:00 Wspólne grillowanie

08. 09. 2013 r. (niedziela):

8:00-13:00 Wycieczka – wyjazd autokarem spod DS Przylesie


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SESJA

POSTEROWA


2013

Wpływ warunków stresowych na podatność wybranych gatunków drzew leśnych

w stosunku Heterobasidion annosum sensu stricto

Marlena Baranowska-Wasilewska, Piotr Łakomy

Poznań University of Life Sciences

Faculty of Forestry

[email protected]

Huba korzeni jest jedną z najgroźniejszych chorób drzew leśnych. Powodują ją

grzyby z rodzaju Heterobasidion. Patogeny te charakteryzują się dużym potencjałem

infekcyjnym, atakują przede wszystkim: sosnę zwyczajną (Pinus sylvestris L.), brzozę

brodawkowatą (Betula pendula Roth), buk zwyczajny (Fagus sylvatica L.) i dąb

bezszypułkowy (Quercus petraea Liebl.) [Łakomy i in. 2008], a także świerk (Picea

abies (L.) H.Karst) oraz jodłę (Abies alba Mill.). Huba korzeni poraża drzewa w okresie

zwiększonej predyspozycji chorobowej np. w wyniku działania takich stresorów jak:

susza czy gradacja, powodując duże straty w gospodarce leśnej [Stocka 2010]. W 2011

roku stanowiła ona 37% wszystkich chorób infekcyjnych występujących w polskich

lasach (148565,4 ha) [Krótkoterminowa prognoza występowania ważniejszych

szkodników i chorób infekcyjnych drzew leśnych 2012]. Patogen ten jest bardzo

poważnym zagrożeniem zwłaszcza dla drzewostanów na gruntach porolnych [Stocka

2010].

Celem pracy jest sprawdzenie reakcji roślin gospodarzy (najważniejszych

gatunków lasotwórczych) na infekcje powodowaną przez Heterobasidion annosum sensu

stricto w warunkach stresu.

mailto:[email protected]


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After the fire – the invasion of spiders

Bednarek A., Sawadro M., Małota K., Babczyńska A.

Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach

Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected]

Near 45000 spider species are currently known throughout the world. They

colonise almost all habitats – from subterranean environments to mountain tops. Spiders

are a key component of forested habitats due to the fact that they are predators and they

regulate invertebrate populations. Moreover, spiders constitute an important food source

for other organisms. Many scientists claim that spiders are a good ecological

bioindicators, which can monitor ecosystem change and help identify and address

ecosystem stressors and guide forest management.

Fire is an important agent keeping a number of ecosystems in the native state and

preventing their overgrowing by forest. Data of literatures suggested that spiders are first

animals that can be found in the forest scene of fire. It is known that in a burned woods

non web-building spiders are first noticed. Next, web-building spiders are observed,

which dependent on the flora emergence. In the Upper Silesia Industrial Circle wooded

areas can be find. The present of industrial and high rate of population cause a lot of

woods fire. So that is a reason why the Upper Silesia Industrial Circle seems to be a good

choice of research about spiders in the after forest scene of fire. Preliminary studies

present in a work seem to be confirm the literature data.



2013

Identyfikacja molekularna gatunków rodzaju Armillaria sp. porażających uprawy

sosnowe zachodniej Polski

Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk, Wojciech Szewczyk, Marlena Baranowska-Wasilewska


Wydział Leśny

[email protected]

Grzyby rodzaju Armillaria sp. wywołują opieńkową zgniliznę korzeni. Jest jedną

z najgroźniejszych chorób systemów korzeniowych drzew i krzewów. Do 1973 sposób

identyfikacji opierał się na analizie cech morfologicznych. Po tym roku zauważono, że

europejskie gatunki opieniek cechuje rożnoplechowość, co dało podstawę do nowej

metody opracowanej przez Korhonena. Na tej podstawie autor metody wyróżnił

5 intersterylnych grup występujących w Europie. Obecnie klasyczne metody identyfikacji

opieniek zastępowane są przez metody molekularne. Dotychczas na świecie

zidentyfikowano ponad 40 gatunków należących do rodzaju Armillaria z czego siedem

wystęuje w Europie. W Polsce odnotowano 6 europejskich gatunków: Armillaria

borealis Marxm. & Korhonen, 1982 – opieńka północna, Armillaria cepistipes Velen.,

1920 – opieńka cebulotrzonowa, Armillaria gallica Marxm. & Romagn., 1987,

Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm., 1871 – opieńka miodowa, Armillaria ostoyae

(Romagn.) Herink, 1973 – opieńka ciemna, Armillaria tabescens (Scop.) Emel, 1921 –

opieńka bezpierścieniowa. Gatunki te zostały zidentyfikowane w oparciu o metody

klasyczne.



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Studies on Rhizoctonia spp. isolates causing damping-off of Scots pine seedlings in

Nowy Dwór forest nursery

Marta Bełka

Poznan University of Life Sciences

Faculty of Forestry

[email protected]

In 2004-2012 Nowy Dwór forest nursery (Lipka Forest District) was examined for

Rhizoctonia spp. in soil. The population of Rhizoctonia complex, severe seedling

damping-off pathogens, seems very diversified in the soil of the investigated forest

nursery.

Multinucleate isolates (R. solani) were the most numerous while binucleate ones

– less numerous. Binucleate isolates grew slower than the multinucleate ones in vitro.

They were also less pathogenic to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings in infection

experiments. This may mean that binucleate Rhizoctonia which is not very common

affects health status of tree seedlings to a smaller extent than R. solani.


2013

Monitoring of the Salamandra salamandra population in northen Rożnów Foothills

Karolina A. Budzik1, Krystian M. Budzik

2

Jagiellonian University

Faculty of Biology and Earth Science

1Department of Comparative Anatomy

2Department of Plant Taxonomy, Phytogeography & Herbarium

[email protected]

The fire salamander Salamandra salamandra is one of 18 Polish batrachofauna

species. It is listed in Bern Convention and in IUCN Red List as Least Concern. The

majority of the native populations are present in the Carpathians and the Sudetes.

Monitoring of the fire salamander is conducted in the northern part of the Rożnów

Foothills, in the Pleśna and Lubinka villages since 2007. The amphibians live in forest

communities at a height 240-360 m a.s.l. (association Tilio-Carpinetum and Dentario

glandulosae-Fagetum), crossed by the streams Lubinka and Pleśnianka. In May 2011

larvae counting in the streams was carried out. The study was performed according to

Zakrzewski’s method (2007), by dividing each stream on transects. Additionally, various

measurements characterizing each stream (eg. depth and breadth of the stream) were

made (Manenti et al. 2009). In the stream Lubinka the number of larvae did not exceed

50, while in the stream Pleśnianka more than 400 larvae were reported. Assuming that the

female give birth 10-70 larvae, it may be speculated that in the transects of Lubinka

larvae were derived from 1 to 5 females, whereas in Pleśnianka - from 6 to 40 females.

Taking into account the total length of the streams, the populations seem to be numerous.

These estimates are confirmed by infrequent observations of the adults in this area.

Manenti R., Ficetola G.F., De Bernardi F. 2009. Water, stream morphology and

landscape: complex habitat determinants for the fire salamander Salamandra salamandra.

Amphibia-Reptilia 30: 7-15.

Zakrzewski M. 2007. Salamandra plamista. Rozmieszczenie, biologia i zagrożenia.

Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Pedagogicznej, Kraków.


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Orchidaceae diversity in selected forest areas in the Rożnów Foothills

Krystian M. Budzik1, Karolina A. Budzik

2

Jagiellonian University

Faculty of Biology and Earth Science

1Department of Plant Taxonomy, Phytogeography & Herbarium

2Department of Comparative Anatomy

[email protected]

In Poland all orchids are protected and most of the species is listed in the Red List

of native vascular plants. During floristic studies between 2007-2013 in the Rożnów

Foothills (the Carpathian Foothills) seven species of Orchidaceae were found at 14 forest

complexes. The orchid species list consists of Cephalanthera damasonium,

Cephalanthera longifolia, Epipactis helleborine, Epipactis purpurata, Neottia nidus-avis,

Listera ovata and Platanthera chlorantha. The most frequent species are Neottia nidus-

avis (seven forests), Cephalanthera longifolia (seven forests), Platanthera chlorantha

(six forests). The orchids grew mainly in forest communities the associations Dentario

glandulosae-Fagetum and Tilio-Carpinetum. The most species-rich forests include Pleśna

Woodland (Budzik & Stachurska-Swakoń 2012) and Wróblowice Woodland. The main

threat to the observed populations are forest cutting and picking the orchids by tourists.

Budzik K., Stachurska-Swakoń A. 2012. Interesujące gatunki storczykowatych w zlewni

potoku Pleśnianka na Pogórzu Rożnowskim (Karpaty Zachodnie). Chrońmy Przyr. Ojcz.

68: 372–377.


2013

Analysis of the financial outlays on the conservation of nature incurred in Warsaw

forest districts

Mateusz Augustynowicz1, Joanna Olechowicz

2, Chrystian Chomontowski

2

1Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Faculty of Forestry

2Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology

[email protected], [email protected]

The over-exploitation of forest areas in Poland is associated with the desire to

achieve the level of economic and industrial development in Western Europe. Forests are

the property of the state, what makes them easier to pass for new investments. Therefore,

to prevent the devastation and excessive felling of trees, various forms of nature

conservation has been introduced. Before making a decision about the creation of a new

protected area, it is necessary to calculate the expected cost of its maintenance. The aim

of this study was to analyze the financial costs incurred in the conservation of nature of

four Warsaw suburban forest districts: Celestynów, Chojnów, Drewnica and Jabłonna.

The financial lost profits resulting from the cessation of timber harvesting on land

reserves, areas under the categories of protection and zones of strict protection of bird

nests were examined. Indirect costs associated with the protection of nature in the LKP

"Lasy Warszawskie" amounted to almost one million polish zloty. The lowest costs were

incurred in the forest district Jabłonna and the highest in the forest district Drewnica,

which was related to the size of the areas under protection category. Significant part

of the expenses accounted for the maintenance of nature reserves, these expenditure

exceeded the potential lost profits resulting from the cessation of timber harvesting

in their areas. Not achieved benefits of maintaining buffer zones for bird nests are only

a fraction of the incurred costs. However, forest districts are reluctant to make this kind

of area due to significant difficulties in conducting forest management. The analyzes can

be used in determining whether the establishment of a new nature reserve is justified from

an economic point of view. The decision related to the establishment of a new protected

area carries a certain costs, mostly incurred by the owner. Nature reserves are areas that

are excluded from normal forest management, so each hectare of forest covered by this

form of protection is an "unproductive" area. It is therefore appropriate to focus on the

implementation of a better system of financing nature conservation, as well as try

to develop ways and means to compensate for losses resulting from covering area with

nature conservation.


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Social, didactical and scientific functions of Warsaw forest districtsMateusz

Augustynowicz1, Chrystian Chomontowski

2, Joanna Olechowicz

2

1Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Faculty of Forestry

2Warsaw University of

Life Sciences – SGGW, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology

[email protected]

In Poland, unlike most European countries, there are many areas of unconverted,

primal environment. The natural character of our country results from slower economic

growth and industrial development. To equal Western Europe, we have to accept the

irreversible changes in our immediate environment. Most of the forest areas are owned by

the state and because of that they will be put under new investments at the first place.

To minimize the risk of devastation and scale of the destruction, as well as to prevent the

disappearance of unique, yet most precious natural environment various forms of nature

conservation were introduced. When taking a decision on the creation of a new object

or area related to nature conservation it must be ensured that it will fully comply with all

of its features. The aim of this study was to analyze the use of social, scientific and

educational functions of nature reserves located in two Warsaw suburban forest districts:

Chojnów and Drewnica. The analysis showed that the degree of utilization of the various

nature reserves is strongly diversified. There are many reserves very popular among the

public, such as: Reserve "Biele Chojnowskie", Reserve "Skarpa Oborska", Reserve

"Uroczysko Stephana", and Reserve "Łęgi Czarnej Strugi". As scientifically valuable

nature reserves may be considered: Reserve “im. Bolesława Hryniewickiego”, Reserve

„Bagno Jacka”, Reserve „Dębina” and Reserve „Kawęczyn”. Only ten from more than

twenty nature reserves act as teaching. In Warsaw suburban forest districts there are also

nature reserves of minor importance, such as: Reserve "Pilawski Grąd", Reserve "Wolica"

and Reserve "Skarpa Jeziorki". Popular tourist places are situated near large cities.

In order to increase the attractiveness of nature reserves adequate infrastructure and

advertising must be ensured.




2013

Ecology of epiphytic and epigeic linyphiids (Araneae: Linyphiidae) of oak-hornbeam

forest

Zofia Król

Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences

The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science

[email protected]

The Linyphiidae is one of the most speciose families within the order of Araneae.

There have been 307 species of linyphiids recorded from Poland. Almost half of them have

been recorded from few localities and have been considered as rare or rather rare, despite

their more frequent occurrence in Europe. The majority of uncommon spider species are

associated with humid habitats and it is possible, that their status may result from the

insufficiency of data.

In the course of present studies, the linyphiid spiders of oak-hornbeam forest

in Bystrzyca Valley (Lower Silesia, Poland) were investigated. Spiders were collected

during the growing season, with entomological sweep-net and pitfall traps. Quantitative data

were used to calculate biocenotic indicators. Dynamics of abundance for selected species

was analyzed based on the collected material. A total of 28 species of 23 genera have been

recorded from the study area. The representatives of Bathyphantes nigrinus, Gonatium

rubellum and Centromerus sylvaticus have occurred both in the epiphyton and epigeon. The

new localities for two species rare in Europe, two - relatively rare, and for one species

relatively rare in Poland, were stated. The epiphyton has been dominated by eurytopic and

hygro-hylophilous species, both displaying the wide distribution range and considered

as common, whereas in the litter layer the spider species which prefer damp woodlands and

are considered as widely distributed and frequent, have dominated.

The records on some species hitherto regarded as rare can allow to change their status

to common. Larger amount of stenobiont species in the epigeon indicates that spiders

of litter layer constitute the better source for monitoring the habitat conditions. Present

studies have not covered all ecological niches of forest, thus further research in that direction

should be carried out in future.


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Response of Pelargonium zonale to salinity

Kupska A., Trelka T., Breś W.

Poznan University of Life Science

Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture

[email protected]

Because of the application of sodium chloride for the removal of snow from streets

and pavements, soil salinity starts to become a serious problem. Soil salinity contributes

to soil degradation deteriorating its physical, chemical and biological properties. These

conditions are not favourable for plants because of salt stress. Such situation results in the

decrease of water uptake by plants, causing in consequence a disturbance of many

physiological processes. All information referring to the reaction of plants to salinity can

be very valuable for the administrators of green areas, both in the phases of planning and

establishing of parks, lawns and sidewalk green belts. The aim of this study was

to evaluate the reaction of Pelargonium zonale to an increasing NaCl content

in the substrate.

The experiment was carried out from April to July in a greenhouse at Department

of Horticultural Plant Nutrition. In the experiment, the Pelargonium zonale ‘Samba’

cultivar was used. Plants were planted in pots filled with limed high-moor peat enriched

with the necessary nutritional components. Diversified content of sodium was obtained

by adding NaCl to substrate in the range of 0 to 500 mgdm-3

. During the whole period

of growth, the substrate moisture was relatively equalized. The experiment was

terminated in the full stage of pelargonium blooming. Six morphological features were

measured.

The results have shown that an increasing concentration of sodium chloride

affected negatively on the analysed morphological features of Pelargonium zonale.

Salinity treatment decreased plant height and plant fresh weight, decreased number

of leaves and inflorescences. Plants that were grown in a substrate with an increased

content of salt also had a significantly shorter length of the main shoots and smaller leaf

area in comparison to the control plants. However, there was no visual symptoms

of sodium excess on the leaves. Salinity did not exert any influence on the term

of pelargonium plants blooming.


2013

The common birch physiological condition verified in trees growing in wastes obtained

after zinc and lead flotation compared with trees from other areas

Ewa Muszyńska1, Edyta Kąkol, Ewa Hanus-Fajerska

University of Agriculture in Krakow

Faculty of Horticulture

1Department of Botany and Plant Physiology

[email protected]

As a result of industry activity dusts and gases harmful to the environment are

emitted, and huge amounts of wastes are produced, thus it is included to the most

important source of ecosystem contamination. Lands located in the Silesian-Cracow

Upland are considerably contaminated because of mining and metallurgy of non-ferrous

metals. In this region waste dumps, characterized by susceptibility to water and wind

erosion, disadvantageous physico-chemical properties, elevated pH values, excess

of heavy metals, and almost complete lack of nutrients, were created as a result of mining

Zn-Pb ores, and their further processing operation. Numerous plant species, and among

them frequently used pioneer tree species, can efficiently perform protective function, and

therefore limit further contamination of air and water resources.

It was found that anatomical features of common birch leaves can be treated as

bioindicator of substrata properties, such as heavy metal contamination, nutrient level,

and water availability. In the view of this results the main purpose of the present study

was to compare the physiological condition of Betula pendula Roth. vegetative organs

originated from clones applied to stabilize wastes disposed after lead and zinc flotation

in Bukowno near Olkusz with analogous material taken from other research areas.

Experimental plant material was taken in the form of leaf tissue collected from specimens

growing directly on the Bukowno setting pond shelf (plot I - SPS), and in: nearby located

State Forests area (plot II - SFA), over hundred year old waste heap (plot III - HWH),

control University plot (plot IV - CUP). The physiological condition was evaluated by

measuring the photosynthetic activity of leaves in respect to the contents

of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence. Additionally, the concentration

of some phenolic compounds was investigated. The results will be shown, and discussed,

during First International Conference “Przyroda-Las-Technologia” (“Nature-Forest-

Technology”). We focused on distinct differences between the investigated objects with



- 19 -

the aim to elaborate simple physiological biomarkers to test the utility of tree clones of

different origin, which were preliminary selected for restoration projects.


2013

Bracket fungus found around the trails leading to the peak Igliczna

Rafał Ogórek, Agnieszka Lejman


Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology

[email protected]

[email protected]

Bracket fungus are a species of saprophytic and parasitic fungi. Their common

feature is that they grow and develop on the wood. Saprophytic species of bracket fungus

grow and develop on the dead parts of trees and shrubs, and the parasitic species feeding

on the cost of living trees and shrubs, often resulting in them dying. The differences

between parasites and saprophytic species of fungi on wood is not clear. It often happens,

that parasites fungi after the death of the host becomes saprophytic. Then we have to deal

with the facultative parasitism. A typical representative of this parasites group is Fomes

fomentarius, infecting broadleaf trees or Heterobasidion annosum, causing white rot

of coniferous trees.

The research aim was to evaluate the abundance and species composition

of bracket fungus on the forest stand occurring around the trail (distance 20 m from the

trail) leading to the peak of Igliczna.

Analysis showed that on the trail occurred 20 trees infected by 90 bracket fungus

belonging to the five species.


- 21 -

Does crown defoliation level affect ectomycorrhizal diversity in declining pedunculate

oak (Quercus robur L.) forests?

1Marcin Pietras,

2Mariusz Miotke,

2Roman Jaszczak

1Instytut Dendrologii PAN, ul. Parkowa 19/10, 62-035 Kórnik

Pracownia Badania Mikoryz

[email protected]

2University of Life Sciences

Faculty of Forestry, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-625 Poznań

Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is widespread tree of ecological and

economic importance in temperate forests. Since 1980s a large scale of oak decline,

including pedunculate oak in Europe has become a worldwide problem. The aim

of presented study was to assess the effect of crown defoliation level on the

ectomycorrhizal (ECM) species richness and composition in declining oaks stands.

Three study sites, characterized by different health status were selected

in Krotoszyńskie Forests, considered as the largest oak forests in Poland. Soil cores were

sampled around the oak trees showing 25-99% level of crown defoliation. Molecular

approach based on PCR and sequencing of the ITS rDNA were performed to identify

ectomycorrhizas.

Thirty eight ECM fungal taxa have been recorded in three declining oaks stands.

Among them Lactarius quietus and Cenococcum geophilum were the most frequent

taxa. Additionally ten taxa of tomentelloid fungi have been distinguished. The total and

mean species richness differed depending on average crown defoliation level of stand

(14-21 and 3.27-6.20 respectively).The lowest number of ECM fungal species richness

were noted for oaks with high defoliation level. We presume that crown defoliation level

and as a consequence limited carbon flux from crown to roots may affect belowground

ECM community composition. This suggestion is supported by increasing abundance

of L. quietus depending on crown defoliation level. This species is able to evolve their

live stale from symbiotic to saprobic and therefore abundance of L. quietus seems

to be independent on carbon flux from crown to roots.


2013

Family Chironomidae from “amber” forests (Paleogene) and from Dominican forests

(Quaternary)

Katarzyna Szczepaniak

University of Warsaw

Department of Geology, Institute of Paleontology

[email protected]

The family Chironomidae (also known as chironomids or no-biting midge) belongs to the

order of Diptera (true flies or two-winges), suborder Nematocera (tread-horned flies).

Chironomids are small and delicate insects, their size is mostly 1 - 10 mm. Chironomidae

is often resemble Ceratopogonidae or Culicidae, but opposite to them do not bite. Visible

sexual dimorphism of chironomids, males have very long and “pulmose” antennae

(number of flagellomers is usually greater than 6), females have small antennae (number

of flagellomers is always smaller than 6). Chiromoids have long and narrow wings

without scales (opposite to mosquites, their wings are with scales). This group has front

tarsi often very long and theirs wing tip is without a straight vein reaching margin

between two branched veins. Specimens are cosmopolitans, worldwide, from Antarctica

to the high Arctic islands, but perhaps absent from some hot deserts.

In Eocene (period between 56 and 39 Ma) was Fennoscandia (Baltic Sea and

Scandinavia) covered with “amber” forests which were more like the subtropical forests

of today. Two climate zones intersected here: a warm temperate zone and a subtropical

zone, therefore the local flora of the time was very diverse, with plants from various

floras co-existing here, represented by mountainous, lowland and marshland vegetation,

with diverse climate requirements. The representatives of Chironomidae described here

are the dominant group in the Diptera order. The Museum of the Earth’s collections

of specimens have been systematically accumulated since 1951. Chironomids are mostly

found in specimens as syninclusions (with e.g. Sciaridae, and another Nematocerans )

or as individual found in a single piece of amber. The number of females largely exceeds

that of males; this is not advantageous for research because the morphology of fossil

Chironomidae males is more reliable in taxonomic research and for this reason has been

better described in literature so far.

Subfossils from Dominicana forests (Cotui) are trapped in copal. This is kind

of “young resin” from Quaternary. Nowadays, in the scientific literature is not clear

definition about subfossils reins, but we can call that any younger resins than 5 million


- 23 -

years. In comparison, the quantitative composition of nonbiting midges in the Cutoi copal

shows a similar tendency. Furthermore, among the Diptera found in this copal from the

Dominican Republic, the suborder Nematocera also dominated. Number of specimen

family Chironomidae is smaller than in Baltic amber. In sum: further research of copal

allow reconstruction of the environment of the Quaternary.

Literature:

1. KOSMOWSKA- CERANOWICZ B.(ed.) 2001: The amber treasure trove. Part. I.,

The Tadeusz Giecewicz`s Collection at the Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy

of Sciences, Warsaw:1-87.

2. PIELIŃSKA A. 1990: The list of the plant inclusions in Baltic amber from

collection of the Museum Earth in Warsaw (abbreviated version). Prace Muzeum

Ziemi 41, 147- 148.

3. SZCZEPANIAK K. 2013. Chironomidae inclusions at thePolish Academy of

Sciences Museum of Earth, Warsaw. The International Amber Researcher

Symposium: Amber- Collections- The Market. Gdańsk, Poland 22- 23.03. 2013.


2013

Entomopahtogenic fungi in selected landscape parks of the Śląsk and Masovian

Provinces

Zawitkowski J.1, Jarmuł – Pietraszczyk J.

2, Kamionek M.

2, Zięba A.

3, Alimov I.

4

1 Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW), Department of Environmental

Improvement, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nowoursynowska Str.

159, 02–786 Warsaw ,Poland, e-mail: [email protected]

2 Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW), Department of Animal

Enviroment Biology, Faculty of Animal Science, Ciszewskiego Str. 8, 02–786 Warsaw,

Poland, e – mail: [email protected], [email protected]

3 Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW), Department of Soil Enviroment

Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02–776

Warsaw, Poland, e – mail: [email protected]

4 Tashkent Chemical-Technological University, Department of Technology of Cellulose

and woodworking, Faculty of Chemical technology of fuel and organic matters, Navoi

Str. 36, 100011 Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan, e – mail: [email protected]

Species composition of fungi were compared in similar ecosystems of the

Masovian Landscape Park and the Landscape Park of Eagle Nests. Soil samples were

taken from coniferous forests, young coniferous forests, a deciduous forest, from

meadows and wetlands.

Five species of entomopathogenic fungi were isolated. Most frequently isolated

species in forests were I. fumosorosea and B. bassiana. M. anisopliae was the dominating

species in meadows and wetlands. B. bassiana was more often isolated from soils in the

Landscape Park of Eagle Nests. Temperature had a significant effect on the number

of isolated fungi. Season significantly affected the occurrence of B. bassiana in the

Landscape Park of Eagle Nests.

Keywords: entomopathogenic fungi, Masovian Landscape Park, Landscape Park of

Eagle Nests, Śląsk and Masovian Provinces


- 25 -

SESJA

REFERATOWA


2013

Marketing activities of national parks in Poland

Marcin Balana, Emil Mariusz Szymański

Wrocław University of Economics

[email protected], [email protected],

Marketing, as a set of actions aimed at responding to the customers needs and

building a positive image is used not only by commercial organizations but also by those

which are not interested positive financial results.

One of the examples non-profit public organizations are national parks. They

belong to public sector and carry out the statutory in full or mainly from public funds and

donations from individuals and private institutions.

Using elements of marketing, national parks can build their image

and significantly affect to the level of using their services widely understood by clients

for the purpose of: research, teaching, education, tourism and recreation.

The aim of this article is to identification of possible use of marketing activities

by the national parks with an indication of the advantages and disadvantages arising from

their application.




- 27 -

Występowanie Erysiphe alphitoides w drzewostanach dębowych dotkniętych klęską

powodzi z 1997 roku

Wojciech Szewczyk, Robert Kuźmiński, Małgorzata Mańka, Hanna Kwaśna, Piotr

Łakomy, Ignacy Korczyński, Marlena Baranowska-Wasilewska, Jolanta Behnke-

Borowczyk


Faculty of Forestry

[email protected]

Dąb szypułkowy (Quercus robur L.) to najcenniejszy pod względem

gospodarczym i przyrodniczym liściasty gatunek lasotwórczy w Polsce. Drzewostany

dębowe stanowią ok. 6% ogólnej powierzchni leśnej Polski. W ostatnich latach na terenie

całego kraju obserwujemy masowe zamieranie drzewostanów dębowych, badacze

dochodzą do wniosku, że ten kompleks chorobowy jest wynikiem długotrwałego procesu,

prowadzącego do zmniejszenia żywotności dębów w skutek działania czynników

stresowych, które upodatniają drzewa na czynniki biotyczne Według Houston’a

czynnikiem pierwotnym, determinującym zamieranie drzewostanów dębowych, jest m.in.

defoliacja, której przyczynami mogą być żery owadów, przymrozki późne czy

zanieczyszczenia powietrza. Nadleśnictwo Wołów od 1997 roku doświadcza skutków

powodzi, która dotknęła 4075 ha. Zalane zostały również drzewostany dębowe, które

systematycznie ujawniają objawy zamierania. Jednym z wielu gatunków grzybów

zaliczanych do odpowiedzialnych za pogarszanie się kondycji dębów jest Erysiphe

alphitoides - sprawca choroby aparatu asymilacyjnego dębów. Poraża drzewa należące do

wszystkich klas wieku. Stanowi jednak największe zagrożenie dla drzew w najmłodszych

fazach rozwojowych. Porażone blaszki liściowe przedwcześnie zamierają i opadają,

drzewa zmniejszają swój przyrost, są osłabione, przez co łatwiej ulegają innym infekcjom

np. opieńkowej zgniliźnie korzeni. Porażone dęby zwykle nie osiągają tzw. dojrzałości

zimowej, co upodabnia je na uleganie szkodliwemu działaniu przymrozków wczesnych.

Występowaniu choroby sprzyjają również wahania poziomu wód gruntowych. W pracy

określano procentowy udział porażonych liści dębów przez E. alphitoides

w drzewostanach popowodziowych.


2013

Wilda – garden project for residents

Luiza Dawidowicz, Anna Kowalska, Marek Lorenc


Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

The Institute Academic Circle of Gardeners took a part in the Generator Malta

project. Initial intention of this project was to create a new friendly place for Wilda

residents and to meet their needs. The Generator Malta Project it was comprehensive

project which was involving designing, aligning and creation of new gardens, which were

created mainly for local community. The initiative was launched between six districts

of Poznań: Jeżyce, Chwaliczewo, Łazarz, Wilda, Śródka and Plac Wolności (Freedom

Square).

Agent based modeling as a method of geosimulation

Katarzyna Giełda-Pinas, Arika Ligmann-Zielińska

Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan

Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences

[email protected]

A model is a representation of a more complex phenomenon, process or system.

In agent-based modeling (ABM) the system or process which model represents

is composed of a community of heterogeneous and interacting individuals called agents.

Agents are autonomous units, distributed within a shared environment, which they

transform due to their need and will (Ligmann-Zielinska, 2010). In agent-based model the

phenomenon, process or operating system is based on simple or very complicated

decision rule, which is followed by agents to achieve theirs goals. This overreaching

principle to make decisions and change the environment makes agents the most crucial

part of the whole concept. It is important to mention that the agent could represent not

only people but also animals, land or forest parcels or even more complex entities like

organizations or agencies.

Another key component of ABM (on top of the decision makers - agents) is the

environment in which the agents operate. The environment could be a representation


- 29 -

of real spatial world like some specific landscape, woodland, city, or other study site. This

is where the relationship with GIS is critical. The representation of the real word

is usually based on geo-referenced vector and raster data within a GIS software.

Environments in ABM could also be more abstract and theoretical and then represent

societies, economies and ecosystems. Thank to these simple yet transparent dependences

between agents and environments agent-based modeling became a very useful, flexible

and all-purpose research method for social and natural science. It is used in variety

of disciplines like sociology, geography, environmental management, transportations

as well as forestry.

Agent-based models are considered to be computational laboratories. They can be

used for different purposes of interest so they may be: descriptive (to convey how the

system works), exploratory (to make experiments on the system, which could not be done

in the real word on the real data), and predictive (to forecast future trends). In forestry,

agent-based models are usually used to evaluate hypothetical scenarios of forest

management. Simulations may show how different location strategies for forest

harvesting or conservation may affect the ecosystem services of the area and lead to

diverse patterns of land use/cover change.


2013

Mammals species observed on railways roadsides in central Poland

Jasińska K., Konecka A., Kośmider J., Kowal P., Bielowska A.

University of Life Sciences (WULS)

Faculty of Forestry

[email protected]

The new technology introduced by human changes the natural environment. The

example of the technology can be rail which appeared many years ago but still is

a strange element in the environment. The aim of the work was to specify the mammals

species observed on roadsides of the rail tracks on area of central Poland. The research

was conducted in Lasy Pomiechowskie (Nadleśnictwo Jabłonna) by two methods - winter

tracking and using photo traps. The winter tracking was conducted 17.01.2012. Four

species tracks was noticed - moose (Alces alces), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), wild

boar (Sus scrofa) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Between 1.04-30.06.2013 3 photo traps

was used (271 photo days). A total of 8337 images was photographed including 62

images of wild animals. 38 observations of six mammals species was noticed. Three

species of ungulates was observed (moose – 4 observations, roe deer – 14, wild boar –

11), one species of carnivora (red fox – 7), one species of lagomorpha (here (Lepus

europaeus) - 1) and one species unidentified (1 observation).

Key words: rail, mammals, central Poland, photo trap


- 31 -

Effect of some climatic elements on radial growth of oak in Uroczysko Puszcza

Zielonka

Adrian Kasztelan

Poznan University of Life Science

Faculty of Forestry

Department of Forest Engineering

[email protected]

The thesis covers dendroclimatological research. The study concerns sessile oak’s radial

growth (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) for the location in Uroczyska Puszczy Zielonka

(forest compartment 202a). Dendrochronological time series prepared for selected oak

stand range 105 years and covers the period from 1906 to 2010 year. Negative

relationships between the temperature of June of current year; July and August

of preceding year and radial growth of oak from considered location are indicated.

Positive relationships between the precipitation of May, June and September of current

year; August of pervious year and radial growth of oak from investigated location are

indicated. In case of temperatures the relationship was destimulative (accept of May), but

in case of precipitation the relationship was positive.


2013

Soil mites (Acari, Oribatida) of selected city parks and green areas in Bydgoszcz

Martyna Klebba, Anita Kostrzewska, Malwina Jamnik, Radomir Graczyk

University of of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz

Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology

Department of Ecology

[email protected]

Thea im of this study was the analysis of mites population with particular

emphasis on determining the density, species composition and age structure of Oribatida

fund in Forest Park of Culture and Recreation in Myślęcinek (Bydgoszcz) and in selected

green areas of Bydgoszcz: Fordon, Błonie, Wyspa Młyńska. Samples were taken in

autumn of 2012 in 10 replicates. Samples of surface of 113 cm2 and volume of 500 cm

3

were taken from litter, of surface of 17 cm2 and volume of 50 cm

3 were taken from the

lower part of plants (Tr) and upper part of soil (Gl). Species of Oribatida were

characterized with the density (N), dominance (D), constancy of occurrence (C) indices,

and with the Shannon H index. Species structure of groups of oribatid mites

of investigated microhabitats compared with the similarity index with method UPGMA

(unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) using the Euclidean distance. The

obtained data were statistically analyzed. Totally were 28 species of Oribatida, wherein

the highest species diversity index in litter (H = 2,83) and in lower part of plants and

upper part of soil (H = 1,80) were in Myślęcinek. The highest density of mites (1083

osobn. w 500 cm3 ściółki), including Oribatida (965 indiv. in 500 cm

3 of litter) recorded

in the green areas in Fordon district. The lowest density were in litter from Wyspa

Młyńska located in Bydgoszcz Center. Different abundance configuration of mites were

in lower part of plants and upper part of soil. The highest density noted in the green areas

in Błonie and the lowest in Wyspa Młyńska. Among oribatid mites the most numerous

were Adoristes ovatus, Tectocepheus velatus, Eupelops occultus, Chamobates schuetzi,

Scheloribates latipes. In the age structure of Oribatida found the advantage of adults over

juvenile stages.


- 33 -

Building of the forest cycle path between Wolimierz in Poland and Jindřichovice in the

Czech Republic as the revitalization of railway tract and the chance to develop tourism

in the Izery Mountains Region

Katarzyna Kociniewska

University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz

Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology

[email protected]

In 1945 stopped working train in Izery Montains. It was a very important road

between Wolimierz in Poland and Jindřichovice in Czech Republic. Both villages are

very interesting tourist and it is only 3 km away. In Wolimierz lives a many artists. There

is a “Klinika Lalek” theatre and festival in every year. Jindrichovice have a direct

connection with Liberec and Prague. Jindrichovice have also living village museum,

ekocenter and many houses built natural technique. Ecology it is very importent, because

30 years ago wildlife habitat was destroyed by acid rains. Now Jindrichovice visiting

6.000 tourists every year and many volunteers from all world working in Wolimierz

in many worckamps.

The Polish and Czech cooperation for the cycle path between Jinřdichowice and

Wolimierz has stated in 2010 in exhibition and conference “Former Izerska Rail Trail”.

In 2011 has started cooperation „Working and cycling together - Polish-Czech

cooperation for the cycle path in the Izery Mounatians”, realized with the help

of Visegrad Fund, Leśna and Jindrichovice Villages and Swieradów Forestry. Though the

opening, the work is still in progress on the path. Now railway embankment it is arrange

and have first graphic signs and bridges, but local population have a next plans and

projects on the path.

Due to its picturesque location in the Izery Mountains, in both places there are

beautiful views. Therefore, re-connect the villages are attractive both for tourists as well

to the local population the border area.


2013

Changes in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) occurrence on warsaws cemeteries

Jasińska K., Jobda M., Kośmider J.


Faculty of Forestry

[email protected]

An entry of wild animals into the cities is currently a common phenomen,

as exemplified by red fox. The wild animals in urban areas live in places rarely visited by

people, rich in natural vegetation, shelter and food, for example cemeteries. The aim of

the work was (1) to indicate the cemeteries in Warsaw where noticed the occurrence of

red fox also (2) to check if after four years the number of cemeteries occupied by red fox

was bigger. To specify the locations of red foxes occurrence in Warsaw, the winter

tracking was conducted in three seasons: 2005/2006, 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 on 22

cemeteries in Warsaw. The red fox was noticed on 12 cemeteries (Powązki Military,

Komunalny Północny, Jewish Bródno, Powązki, St. Katherine in Służew, Tarchomin,

Wawrzyszew, Wilanów, Wola, Jewish, Warsaw Insurgents, Soviet Military). To specify

the changes in number of cemeteries occupied by red fox, the winter trackin was repeated

also in seasons 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. The changes noticed on six cemeteries.

On five cemeteries noticed the occurrence of red fox (Bródno, Pyry, Evangelic-Augsburg,

Orthodox Wola, Karaimski). On one cemetery the occurrence of red fox was not

confirmed (Wawrzyszew).

Key words: red fox, Vulpes vulpes, cmeteries, Warsaw


- 35 -

Fake predator - a rail within the meaning of the animals

Kowal P., Jasińska K.


Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering

[email protected]

The railway tracks are currently the regular element of every landscape. The wild

animals have learnt how to live near tracks and also how to use them to their needs. The

animals willingly use the food base avaible along the railway tracks (the carrion, the rest

of food ejected from the train by humans), their often built the shelters near the tracks.

The railway line cross the migration rotes of animals in an ecosystem used by the animals

to migration or dispersal. Despite the animals get used to the railway tracks they haven't

learnt yet to treat the train as a danger of life. In the subconscious of the animals in the

natural environment the predator is the only danger of the life which they react

instinctively. The mechanical train is the strange element in the environment that's why

the animals don't perceive it as a lifes danger. It doesn't look and doesn't smell

as a predator (don't work on the two most important animals senses). The train moves

at a constant speed and makes a noise. Instead the predator increases his speed with the

approach of the victim and makes no noise. Also the speed of the train is too big and the

animals can not react fast and make a decision of flee to save the life. Due to observing

and analysing the wild animals behavior in different situations we can define how the

animals react to any stimulus reaching them from the environment and what makes that

they decide about escape or fight in the dangerous situation. Therefore we can define

what methods are effective to make the animals life safer near the railway tracks.

Key words: railway, wild animals, sign stimuli, animals mortality.


2013

The use of dendrochronological methods for analysis of geomorphological processes in

the Brodnica Lake District. Research plans

Liliana Siekacz, Paweł Matulewski




Dendrochronology is related to the study of annual rings of trees growing.

Dendrochronological method used in geography and geology. In geomorphic processes:

mass wasting, movement of glaciers and hydrological processes. This research concerns

the dating of erosion and denudation processes occurring on the hiking trails in nature

reserves Brodnicki Lake District. Contemporary sculpture of research area is formed

by a team of geomorphological processes, heavily modified by human activity. The study

area is characterized by significant variation in terrain. As an introduction to the analysis

was field work with mapping trails. Described research positions and made calculations

of trails parameters as: length, width, maximum width and maximum depth. Identified

microforms formed within trails and trails having a greatest degradation. The study used

trunks and roots of Scots pine.



- 37 -

Dendrochronology - a few examples of the practical application of the method in the

geographical research

Liliana Siekacz, Paweł Matulewski




Dendrogeomorphology is a branch of science dealing with the use of annual growth rings

of trees for environmental reconstruction. This method is also used for Tundra vegetation.

Tundra is devoid of natural trees vegetation, therefore shrubs are analyzed there. Tundra

shrubs like tree develops annual increments whose sequences can be written in the form

of dendrochronological curves.

The use of shrubs as sources of environmental data is widely used in reconstructing

climate change taking place in the past, particularly in areas distant from meteorological

stations or with a short series of measurements. This method makes it possible

to reconstruct the climatic parameters (particularly the temperature) for the last 100 years,

depending on the maximum age of shrubs.

Another selected aspect of the use of dendrochronological methods is both morphological

and anatomical changes in tree growth as a result of the impact of geomorphological

processes. Based on anatomical changes in annual growth it is possible to determine the

age of for example slope processes (eg, landslides), and to determine the rate

of anthropogenic denudation on heavily used trails.



2013

Fungi in the air at the mountain trails of the Czarna Góra Massif

Rafał Ogórek


The Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology

[email protected]

Fungi present in the air are in the form of bioaerosols and retain in it their

infectious potential. They can cause diseases of plants and secrete mycotoxins. Fungi can

cause in humans and other mammals fungal infections (mycoses) and allergic reactions.

The research aim was the evaluation of the mycological air pollutions through

determination of species number and species assemblage founded in the air of mountain

trail, depending on the height above sea level.

Air samples were taken from 6 locations at the mountain trails of the Czarna Gora

Massif. Air Ideal 3P sampler was used to examine the air. The studies were conducted

twice: on 10th

September, 2011 and 3rd

May, 2012. The specific identification of the

sampled fungi was performed using macro- and microscopic observations, namely the

morphology of hyphae, conidia and sporangia, of the colonies that had grown on culture

media, according to the commonly accepted methods used in mycological laboratories.

The fungi were identified using diagnostic keys .

The number and composition of fungi species isolated from the air depend on the

height above sea level and research date. In late summer the air in the Czarna Gora

Massif was characterized by higher number of fungi than in late spring. Fungi, which

could be the cause of allergies, dominated in both research dates. The number of fungi

which occur in the air, were not a threat for healthy tourists.


- 39 -

The consumption of the natural resources and pollutants emission obtained during life

cycle of filament light sources

Bartosz Opara, Sebastian Grabowski

Lodz University of Technology

Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering

e-mail: [email protected]

Artificial light created by means of electricity is used in people's everyday life and it is

nearly impossible to completely abandon its exploitation. In order to decrease its impact

on environment, it is solely possible to use more and more efficient materials, that emit

the light while conducting the current. Due to technological progress new sources of light

are not only more efficient but also their costs become more and more acceptable.

However, traditional light bulbs, showing low light efficiency, are still used in significant

part of domestic lamps. It is the case, despite the fact, that it is prohibited to produce

or sale such bulbs within any country of European Union.

In order to assess level of light bulbs impact on environment, it is essential to

conduct product life analysis. It is composed of three main stages: production,

exploitation and utilization. Stage of exploitation is the most difficult to estimate, because

of amount of variables. Certainly, the most important is working time until the moment of

burnout. While conducting research, following values were measured: working time,

electricity consumption and electricity parameters during exploitation in different

conditions. On the basis of obtained data it was possible to get level of impact of external

factors on bulbs' working time. Then, these results, enabled calculation of natural

resources needed as well as pollution emitted during bulbs’ life cycle of filament light.

The carried out measurements show, that real bulbs' working time is, in most

cases, shorter than, the one declared by producer. Moreover those items which require

higher intensity of current are shining shorter, but simultaneously reveal higher

efficiency, than those for which measured intensity was lower. The tendency to increase

light efficiency, just before light bulb burnout is also noticeable.

The exploitation stage, even though the lack of obtainment declared working time,

is crucial considering impact on the natural environment. Especially, it is clearly visible

in case of Poland, because the most of electricity is produced in coal power-plants, which

emit significant amounts of pollutants. Slight improvement can be reached by increasing

production energy classified as renewable energy sources. In Poland, mostly it is biomass,


2013

which quite often is coming from wood of full value. Impact of production and lamp

utilization presents as insignificant, in comparison to exploitation time while using

conventional sources of energy.


- 41 -

Ectomycorrhizal community composition of six tree species in bare-rote forest

nurseries

Marcin Pietras, Tomasz Leski, Maria Rudawska

Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences in Kórnik

Laboratory of Mycorrhizal Research

[email protected]

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) association is ubiquitous to successful seedling

establishment and tree growth, facilitating both nutrient and water uptake, increasing

resistance to certain root diseases, and enhancing the tolerance of the tree to stress.

Mycorrhizal formation is usually adequate under natural conditions. As an alternative to

natural regeneration, forest tree seedlings are grown for one to four years in nurseries

before outplanting. Nursery managers have long recognized the importance of well-

developed mycorrhizas for healthy seedling growth in the nursery and desired

performance after outplanting. There are currently around 400 bare-root forest nurseries

in Poland, producing almost 500 millions of seedlings each year for reforestation and

afforestation.

We investigated the species richness and abundance of mycorrhizal fungi naturally

colonizing seedlings of Scots pine, Norway spruce, European larch, Pedunculate and

sessile oak and European beech grown in nursery condition. In total, approximately 50

nurseries located mainly in northern Poland we surveyed. We use molecular methods

based on PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and sequencing of the ITS (internal

transcribed spacer) of fungal rDNA.

In all tested nurseries values of mycorrhizal colonization were high, ranging 100

percent, even in one-year old seedlings. In total we identified around 58 fungal taxa.

Recognized species belong to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Coniferous seedlings

were characterized by symbionts belonging to (Suillus and Rhizopogon), Wilcoxina spp.

and Trichophaea spp. Most common ECM symbionts of deciduous species were fungi

from genera Hebeloma, Scleroderma, Laccaria, Tuber. Those species constitute the

universal group of fungi, occurred on majority of tree species produced in nurseries.

Tuber spp. were frequent but not abundant mycorrhizal symbionts in all tested tree

species.


2013

The ecological aspect in the analysis of the tooth enamel two types of lagomorphs

(Ochotona and Prolagus)

Emilia Rabiniak

Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences

Faculty of Biology and Animal Science

[email protected]

Using a scanning electron microscope test offers new opportunities to look inside

the body structures. A tissue such as enamel gives us a lot of important information on the

evolutionary differences of individual taxa. This is an important feature in this type of

diagnostic tests.

The aim of this study was to possess accurate knowledge about ultrastructure of

Ochotona and Prolagus’s enamel for paleoecological analysis directly related to the

construction of the teeth. The study subjects were 10 teeth of two types of lagomorphs:

Ochotona and Prolagus from two excavations in Ukraine. Work on them included

trenching and grinding of individual specimens, and then carrying out their photos using a

scanning electron microscope. The result is photographs, on which a comparison of

certain types of teeth in terms of ecology was made. Differences in the construction of the

ultrastructure of enamel animals from distant periods are significant, which allows

observing the evolution of these mammals (and their areas) over several million years.

Lagomorphs in fact in the course of their evolution left the wooded areas in order to settle

on a more open space.

Based on studies of Lagomorph’s tooth enamel you can draw some conclusions

about the environment in which these species lived and tell a lot about the mechanisms

of chewing food, because these two issues are closely related. First of all we should

individually interpret each type of teeth, as they have slightly different features. Then take

into account the thickness of the enamel and the breadth and value of its individual types

(listed here are three main types: radial, tangential and HSB). For example HSB enamel is

the most resistant to pressure. It can be concluded that it is an indication of the demand

for such a durable material in the tooth- if it occurs in large quantities in the general

enamel; this means that the foods eaten contained large amounts of fiber and it was hard.

Not without significance is, of course, the geological age of the samples, as well as the

position of the tooth (upper or lower). More specifically, with this type of research dealt

Koenigswald (2010). He drew attention to the directions of mastication, the pressure



- 43 -

on individual teeth and the relationship of these issues to the types of enamel and

paleoecology. In this paper we analyzed three types of teeth: incisors, premolars and

molars. We present various types of enamel. Some built haphazardly, heterogeneous,

while others are clustered and arranged more structured, which gives us an idea of the

types of food which at that time lagomorphs fed with, and thus the environment in which

they lived.

Key words: Lagomorpha, tooth, enamel, ultrastructure, evolutionism


2013

Effect of geographic range discontinuity on species differentiation: East-

Mediterranean Abies cilicica case study

Maciej Sękiewicz1, Katarzyna Sękiewicz

1, Monika Litkowiec

1, Krystyna

Boratyńska1, Grzegorz Iszkuło

1,2, Adam Boratyński

1

1Instytute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik,

Poland, correspondence e-mail: [email protected]

2University of Zielona Góra, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Prof. Z. Szafrana 1, 65-516

Zielona Góra, Poland

The genus Abies Miller is one of the most common conifer taxa in the

Mediterranean region, which is recognized as one of the global biodiversity “hot-spots”

also rich in endemic species. The current geographic distribution of A. cilicica (Antoine

& Kotschy) Carrière covers the area assumed as the glacial refugia of the Tertiary floras

in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin. It grows in the East-Mediterranean region, in the

Taurus, Anti Taurus and Amanus in Turkey, the Jbel Ansariye in Syria and Jabal

Ammoua and Ehden in Lebanon.

Considering the important role of the Mediterranean mountain ranges in shaping

the tree species geographic structure the intraspecific taxonomy of A. cilicica and

disjunctive character of the species geographic range we tested whether 1) the populations

of subsp. cilicica from the Lebanon Mountains are genetically and morphologically

different from those from the Anti Taurus and 2) substantial differentiation can be found

between both subspecies. Using six nuclear microsatellites markers (nSSR) and the

biometric masured of morphological and anatomical needle traits we investigated these

hypotheses.

High level of genetic diversity (HE ranging from 0.632 to 0.724) and overall

differentiation (FST = 0.134, p<0.001) was observed among populations. According to the

Bayesian clustering analysis and Principle Component Analysis three genetically

different group were found: Lebanese (A. cilicica subsp. cilicica), western Taurus

(A. cilicica subsp. isaurica) and eastern Taurus populations (subsp. cilicica). In addition,

the Lebanese populations of A. cilicica subsp. cilicica were distinct from remaining

Turkish populations. This probably reflects long lasting genetic isolation during the

Pleistocene as no genetic admixture was found. The biometric investigation has revealed

that the most of examined needle traits differentiate subspecies at the statistically

significant level.


- 45 -

Key words: biometrics study, Cilician fir, endemic, Mediterranean region, needles

morphology, nSSR markers, phylogeography, plant diversity, population structure


2013

Oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of open and forested habitats of County Meath

(Ireland)

Hanna Szczukowska, Radomir Graczyk

University of of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz

Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology

Department of Ecology

[email protected]

Oribatid mites were investigated on County Meath (Ireland) in various

microhabitats in the open habitat and in the moss on the bark of the trees in early spring

2011. Loughcrew in County Meath, Ireland, is situated about two miles east of the north

midlands town of Oldcastle, fifty-two miles north-west of Dublin.

Samples of 500 cm3 each were taken on 2011 in 6 replicate, from 2 habitats

of Loughcrew. First habitat – the moss and the grass with maintaining distance to the

trees: 100m, 80m, 60m, 40m and 20m and second habitat – the moss from the bark on the

trees: height 0,5m, 1,5m, 3,0m and the branches. The mites from the samples were

extracted in Tullgren funnels for 14 days, conserved in 75% alcohol and determined

to species or genus, including the juvenile stages. In total, 2272 oribatid mites were

investigated, adult – 1530 (67,34%), juvenile – 742 (32,66%). The populations of oribatid

species were characterized with the abundance (A) and dominance (D) indices, while the

mite communities were compared with the Shannon index H’ (ODUM 1971), total

abundance, and number of species. Names of oribatid species follow SUBÍAS (2004) and

WEIGMANN (2006).

The investigated habitats of County Meath (Ireland) were rather poor in soil

oribatids in term of abundance, while they were rich in term of species diversity. In all the

studied habitats, twenty five species of the oribatid mites were investigated. Among the

examined oribatid mites, the following species were the most abundant: Oribatula exilis

(Nicolet, 1855), Chamobates cuspidatus (Micheal, 1884), Eremaeus hepaticus

(C. L. Koch, 1835) and Liebstadia similis (Michael, 1888). However, it must be

emphasised that their densities in studied habitats were significantly different. The

juvenile stages dominated in Platynothrus peltifer (C. L. Koch, 1839) and Liebstadia

similis (Michael, 1888).


- 47 -

Meaning of the protection bees in The Karkonosze National Park and The Białowieża

National Park

Emil Mariusz Szymański, Marcin Balana

Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wrocławiu

Ekonomii, Zarządzania i Turystyki w Jeleniej Górze


Bees have huge meaning in agriculture and food production for every person

around the world. There isn’t any another being which determine our fate so much. Bees

have more and more problems with living in the environment and also with pollination

some plants.

Every kind of protection bees is important so much to the environment. People

don’t realize the consequences of situation when last bee would die. Special way

of protection this sort of insects is action in national parks. Without bees many plants

in national parks would disappear and this would reduce of flora as result. Management

in national parks must do everything to save nature in pure condition.

In Poland there are two right examples how bees are protected in national parks.

This is not a standard way of protection like generally do beekeepers in their apiaries.

First example shows a method of protection bees in The Karkonosze National Park,

the second one shows another way in The Białowieża National Park.

Main purpose of this article is to show the examples and the meaning of protection

bees in The Karkonosze and Białowieża National Park.




2013

Funkcje i znaczenie lasów w zasięgu oddziaływania miast – przykład Torunia

Paulina Tomczykowska

Nicolaus Copernicus University

Faculty of Earth Sciences

Department of Social Geography and Tourism

[email protected]

Polska zalicza się do krajów wysoko zurbanizowanych. Około 60% Polaków

mieszka w miastach. Rośnie nie tylko ten odsetek, ale także wielkość ośrodków

miejskich. Często mówi się o zjawisku urban sprawl, które pociąga za sobą negatywne

konsekwencje dla środowiska przyrodniczego. Budownictwo mieszkalne zawłaszcza

coraz większe połacie terenów, także zielonych, a nowe osiedla zaczynają być budowane

w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie lasów, co stanowi ważny element oferty deweloperskiej.

Jednak lasy powinny służyć wszystkim mieszkańcom aglomeracji , ponieważ mają one

korzystny wpływ na jakość życia w dużych skupiskach miejskich. Dla mieszkańców duże

znaczenie ma funkcja rekreacyjna, edukacyjna, krajobrazowa i kulturowa lasów.

Zapewniają możliwość wypoczynku i regeneracji sił psychofizycznych w silnie

zantropgenizowanym krajobrazie.

Jednym z bogactw Torunia, obok historycznego dziedzictwa kulturowego, jest

zieleń. Miasto jest otoczone pierścieniem lasów, które stwarzają mieszkańcom doskonałe

warunki odpoczynku i rekreacji. Większość kompleksów leśnych stanowi własność

komunalną, dzięki czemu torunianie nie mają problemu z dostępem do nich. Ma

to niestety swoje negatywne konsekwencje. Duże natężenie ruchu w lasach wokół miast

powoduje szkody związane z zaśmiecaniem oraz dewastacją małej architektury i szaty

informacyjnej, dlatego należy edukować mieszkańców, że las to wspólne dobro, o które

należy dbać. Celem artykułu jest analiza funkcji lasów i ich znaczenia dla mieszkańców

Torunia. Pokazane zostały przykłady zagospodarowania terenów leśnych w mieście

na rożne cele, w tym m.in. rekreacyjne, sportowe i wypoczynkowe.


- 49 -

Udostępnienie lasów wybranych nadleśnictw na obszarze aglomeracji poznańskiej

do realizacji funkcji turystycznej

Sandra Wajchman


Faculty of Forestry

[email protected]

Aglomeracja poznańska jest jednym z siedmiu najbardziej zurbanizowanych obszarów

Polski. Ważyński (1997) uważa, że właśnie w środowisku leśnym najlepiej realizowana

jest potrzeba wypoczynku mieszkańców miast. Przeznaczenie lasu do pełnienia

określonych funkcji wiąże się z koniecznością uwzględnienia preferencji społeczności

lokalnej (Głaz 2007).

Przedmiotem zainteresowania autorki są lasy wybranych nadleśnictw na terenie RDLP

Poznań, leżące w zasięgu aglomeracji poznańskiej i znajdujące się w najbliższej okolicy

miasta Poznania. Stan ich udostępnienia do realizacji funkcji turystycznej został

przedstawiony na podstawie inwentaryzacji obiektów rekreacyjnych. Obiekty zostały

podzielone na grupy: obiekty powierzchniowe, obiekty liniowe i urządzenia rekreacyjne.

Przygotowane zestawienie daje możliwość ilościowego porównania stanu

zagospodarowania i jego oceny.

Literatura:

Głaz J., 2007. Zasady funkcjonowania gospodarstwa leśnego na przykładzie regionu

uprzemysłowionego. Prace IBL. Rozprawy i monografie. Warszawa, 41-55.

Ważyński B., 1997. Urządzanie i zagospodarowanie lasu dla potrzeb turystyki i i

rekreacji. Wyd. AR, Poznań


2013

Walory przyrodnicze powiatu poznańskiego w oczach jego mieszkańców

Sandra Wajchman1, Wojciech Borzyszkowski

1, 2


Faculty of Forestry

1Department of Forest Management

2Botanical Section of the Forestry Student’s Association


Powiat poznański wraz z miastem Poznaniem oraz gminami Oborniki, Skoki,

Szamotuły i Śrem stanowią obszar aglomeracji poznańskiej. Obszary leśne położone

w zasięgu miast i aglomeracji są dla mieszkańców miast obiektami szczególnego

zainteresowania w zakresie spędzania czasu wolnego. Przede wszystkim wpływa na to

bliskość ich lokalizacji w stosunku do miejsca zamieszkania oraz łatwa dostępność

komunikacyjna. Atrakcyjność środowiska przyrodniczego dla turystyki i rekreacji często

wzrasta w momencie objęcia terenu ochroną prawną. Do obszarów szczególnie cennych

przyrodniczo i wartościowych z punktu widzenia rozwoju turystyki, zalicza się parki

narodowe, parki krajobrazowe oraz rezerwaty przyrody (Sikorska-Wolak, 2009).

Istniejące na terenie powiatu poznańskiego obszary objęte różnymi formami ochrony

przyrody stanowią o bogactwie przyrodniczym regionu.

Autorzy przedstawiają wyniki badania ankietowego, które pozwoliło określić stan

wiedzy społeczeństwa w zakresie istniejących form ochrony przyrody na terenie powiatu

poznańskiego, jak również wskazać obszary o zróżnicowanym poziomie atrakcyjności

w punktu widzenia respondentów.



- 51 -

Variety of fresh forests in the area of Susz forest inspectorate

Anna Wełnicka


Faculty of Forestry

[email protected]

The aim of the presented work is to optimize the rules governing fresh forests’

management. In spite of their floristic abundance fresh forests had been generalized,

standardized and, in extreme cases, replaced by substitute plant communities.

The scope of research included the analysis of soil’s variety, its type of habitat

and its plant community’s changeability.

In the researched areas there have been found 103 taxons of vascular plants,

7 taxons of cryptogams and, what is more, there have been determined 6 plant

communities.

An import_ant aspect of the work is the fact that the forest inspectorate is located

on the ground where 3 plant communities are found: Tilio-Carpinetum, Stellario-

Carpinetum and Galio odorati-Fagetum. Despite the fact that all three are characterized

by floristic abundance, they are distinguished by their plant’s composition and variety

of species.


2013

The occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in the Chojnowski Landscape Park

in Poland


2, Zięba A.

3, Alimov I.

4













The study was aimed at estimating species composition and abundance

of entomopathogenic fungi in the Chojnowski Landscape park. The effect of site, season

(spring, summer, autumn) and temperature on the frequency of isolation

of entomopathogenic fungi was also analysed. The effect of the first two factors was

estimated based on the analysis of soil samples taken from meadow 1, forest

1 and orchard in spring, summer and autumn 2010.

Three species of entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium

anisopliae and Isaria fumosorosea) were isolated in the study area. Site and temperature

affected the frequency of isolation of particular species. On meadow 1 and in orchard

M. anisopliae appeared to be the dominating species while forest 1 was dominated

by B. bassiana. From among meadow and forest sites sampled in the autumn, forest

3 (nature reserve) was characterised by the highest density of entomopathogenic fungi.

M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were most often isolated from meadow sites while

B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea - from forest sites.

B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea infected insects with significantly higher

frequency at 20oC than at 25

oC.


- 53 -

Keywords: entomopathogenic fungi, biology, bio-insecticides, Beauveria bassiana,

Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumosorosea, the Chojnowski Landscape Park


2013

Entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes in selected areas of Mokotów and Ursynów

district in Warsaw


2, Zięba A.

3, Wojciechowska I.

2, Alimov I.

4













Recently, entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes are more and more often used in

biological crop protection. Nematodes of two families: Steinernematidae and

Heterorhabditae are of practical importance. Mitosporic fungi (Deuteromycota) play an

important role among entomopathogenic fungi. They include e.g. Beauveria bassiana,

Metarhizium anisopliae and Isaria fumosorosea.

Soil abundant in various insects is a natural habitat for entomopathogenic organisms. Soil

is a permanent or temporary site for various pests of forests, fields and orchards.

Nematodes and fungi feed on larvae (e.g. pine sawfly) or on adults (e.g. Colorado beetle).

Warsaw, as every contemporary city, is a complex social, economic, technical but also

natural organism. Urban green with its various functions plays an important role in the

city structure.

This study presents species composition of entomophages (fungi and nematodes) present

in different ecosystems of Mokotów and Ursynów District in Warsaw. The study was

performed in four seasons: in autumn 2010 and in spring, summer and autumn 2011.

Soil samples were collected from four sites: Olga and Andrzej Małkowski Square, Józef


- 55 -

Piłsudski Park, Arkadia Park, Forest Natolin and Forest Kabaty. Material was isolated

with the Zimmerman’s “trap insect” method. Caterpillars of the great wax moth (Galleria

mellonella) was used as a trap insect. Three species of insecticide fungi: Beauveria

bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Mucor mucedo, unidentified saprophagic fungi

and a non-fruiting mycelium were isolated in the study. Additionally, nematodes from

the Steinernematidae family were isolated.

Keywords: entomopathogenic nematodes, entomopathogenic fungi, entomophagy,

Galleria mellonella, entomophilous organisms in Mokotów and Ursynów District


2013

Influence of EM Farming on selected physiological processes of potato plants

(Solanum tuberosum) grown in cultivation for industrial purposes

Zięba A. 1

, Olechowicz J. 2

, Zawitkowski J.3, Jarmuł – Pietraszczyk J.

4




2 Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW), Plant Physiology Department,

Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02–776 Warsaw,

Poland, e – mail: [email protected]






Poland, e – mail: [email protected]

In field experiments conducted in the Agricultural Experimental Institution in Chylice,

WULS investigated the effect of the prep. Farming EM on plant growth, photosynthetic

apparatus activity and yield of potato plants of varying maturity (medium early

and medium late cultivars).

Measurements of the parameters was carried out on two dates to the early cv average and

four times for the other variety. For each combination of measurements in five

replications (relative chlorophyll content in 10), in three layers of leaves.

It was found that the Effective Micro-organisms have a tendency to reduce the test

indicators, while keeping them on as permanent levels. EMs ensure steady growth

condition of the bodies of plants tested. The residence time in the field of plant

is important for the development of microorganisms from the compound EM. Plants that

were treated during the growing season with preparat Farming EM produced a higher

yield by 1.1 t * ha-1 (medium early) and 1.9 t * ha-1 (medium late )

Keywords: potato plants, Pro-Bio Em, photosynthesis


- 57 -


2013

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Komitet Organizacyjny...SESJA POSTEROWA – krótka charakterystyka przedstawianych tematów...

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Transcript of Komitet Organizacyjny...SESJA POSTEROWA – krótka charakterystyka przedstawianych tematów...