Grupo 4Henry BenitezCarlos EsnayraJuan FernandezLuis Ramirez

Ingeniería Sostenible

EL IMPERIO DE LOS INCAS

Su Imperio duró sólo 95 años (1438-1572).

INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA

¿Cómo construyeron su imperio?

Los Incas transladaban grandes rocas de montaña a montaña.

Utilizaban laminas de cobre como serrucho para hacer pequeñas grietas en las piedras.

INGENIERIA ELECTRICA

El principio de la electricidad en ese entonces no existia pero nos podemos enfocar en los avances tecnologicos que ellos tenian de forma analoga tales como el templo del sol el intihuatana y los espejos de agua.

El templo del sol era un centro ceremonial para sacrificions u ofrendas y servia como indicador de solsticio de verano o invierno

El intihuatana era un indicador de estaciones del año.

Espejos de Agua era un espejo que utilizaba el sol para reflectar tambien funcionaba como mapa.

INGENIERÍA INDUSTRIAL

Los incas fueron muy óptimos en sus construcciones

Camino Inca

Reutilización de materiales

Formación de estructura

INGENIERIA CIVIL

El principio de ingeniería civil se puede observar por todo Machu Picchu el cual es una obra de ingenieria en todos los sentidos.

Podemos apreciar la tecnica de “Lego”

Los acuaductos de la ciudad.

El camino Inca

CICLO DE VIDAGoal and Scope Definition

Assumptions

In order to conduct this life cycle analysis several assumptions had to be made based on observation. The reason for this is because the data is hard to obtain due to the fact that we really do not understand how the Incas accomplish such constructions. The only assumption we are making is that the only impact in the environment was the burning of wood for cooking which resulted in the emissions of Carbon Dioxide.

System function

• The primary function of Machu Picchu was to provide protection and a home to the Inca’s.

• The secondary function of Machu Picchu was to show its greatness.

Functional Unit

Construction of Machu Picchu in 100 years

System Boundaries

The analysis will be from cradle to gate

CICLO DE VIDAProcess Tree

Hematite

Tools

Tools

Rock Blocks

Sand/ Gravel

Wood

Volcanic Rock

Silver

CO2

Transportation

Construction/

Manufacture

CO2

CO2

Energy

Análisis de inventario

CICLO DE VIDA

Impact Assessment

Based on what we know; wood is heterogeneous and the exact amount of carbon in 1 Kg of wood will vary depending on the species of wood, age of wood. In this case burning 1 Kg of wood will generate 1.65 to 1.80 Kg of CO2 and what we learned in the class is to multiply the kilograms times the Global warming potential(GWP) in this case the GWP of carbon dioxide equals 1. The calculation goes as follow; 1.65 X 1 = 1.65, 1.80 X 1=1.80 therefore the impact on the environment is 1.65Kg to 1.80Kg CO2-eq. That emission is just for burning wood this can be compared to cars, and a car turned on for 12 minutes produce 5 kg of CO2, having this comparison the impact in the environment seems minimal.

CICLO DE VIDA

Interpretation and Recommendations

It is a hard to do a life cycle analysis on a very earth friendly construction, the biggest challenge is finding actual information which is something impossible since as of today it is a mystery on how the Incas actually constructed Machu Picchu. For those reasons the only possible way to determine the impact on the environment is based on observations and assumptions. The observations from actually visiting the place and knowing the type of materials they utilized, and the assumptions for what we know today in this case the amount of CO2 1Kg of wood produces. The emission of CO2 and its impact is an estimate of what we believe is one of the mainly contributors of CO2 the Incas had because we concluded that the other materials on the process tree did not have any emissions other than the ones showed. One recommendation we can conclude is to follow the Incas way and that is to work with Mother Nature. If you work with Mother Nature, Mother Nature will work with you the perfect example is the geological failure that resulted in the volcanic rocks used for the construction. Also coming back to the basics when designing something can be beneficial to everyone, hence Machu Picchu is still standing today and no technology was required causing a minimal impact in the environment.

MAS QUE UN LUGAR TURÍSTICO

EXPERIENCIAS Y OBSERVACIONES

REFERENCIAS

Turismo Mundialhttp://turismouniversal.com/arquitectura-inca-materiales-y-tecnicas-construccion-y-estilos.html

Construcciones de Piedras Incashttp://www.portalplanetasedna.com.ar/incas1.htm