Guide for Grad

7/30/2019 Guide for Grad

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be ondasurvival uide

AssistantProfessor,

CSIE/GINM,

NTU

[email protected]

2008/1/6 1ResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU


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Someofthematerialsandideasare

ori inatedfromother eo le,includin : MariedesJardins

EdHovy

DianneO'Leary

DuaneA.Bailey

RonaldT.Azuma



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LordoftheRingstheGraduateVersion



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Fro o Frodo Frodo

T Frodo

Gandalf Gandalf

project ven e



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, ro o ro ect

Postdoc AragornGandalfadvisor

project

Frodo



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GandalfFrodo Elron

LegolasSam Boromir Pippin

Gandalf



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ThePersuasive GandalfFrodo

5000 15000 committee

...

Iwilltakethering,althoughIdonotknowtheway.

2008/1/6 7 GandalfResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU


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Gandalf

funding

Idea

Legolas

Frodo

2008/1/6 8

Frodo ResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU


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Frodo

Frodo



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Frodo

Hesubmittedtheringto

, .

Defensecommittee

Gan a Saruman

Frodo



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Wh FrodoSuffered

Becauseheisalwaysforcedtodothings,heisnot .

Youshouldbeinforyourself,notforyouradvisororfamil .

Failorsucceed,itisYOUthatshouldberesponsibleforit. Youshouldthinkaboutpassingthetestwithflyingcolors,

notjustsurvivingit. BecausenobodyhasevercomebackfromMordor

opass eexper ence. ThegoalofthistalkistoletyouknowsomethingthatI

graduatelife.



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GraduateStudent GeneralTi s



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Graduateschoolisadifferentballgame

(comparingwithUndergraduate)

Asuccessfulundergraduatestudent A

successful raduatestudent Thestudentswhodowellingraduateschoolare

andmakethenecessaryadjustments.

swimmingby

tossing

students

into

the

deep

endofthepoolandseeingwhomakesitto

theotherendaliveandwhodrowns(weare

2008/1/6 13tookindtodothistotheundergraduates)ResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU


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Threemajorthingstotakecareofasa

graduatestudent

CourseResearch

ClubResearch

Research is NOT about programming, NOTabout learnin , it is about findin and solvin

2008/1/6 14problems that have not been solved.ResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU


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oursewor : no

Teaching:no Dissertation: yes

You:Inmythesis,IshowedX.

Them:Really? Icanusethatinmywork! Them:Really? Huh,myapproachisntnearlyasgood.

Them:Really? ImdoingY. WeoughttoputXandY

together.

em: ea y oway. ea y

Them:Really? Areyoulookingforajob?



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PhDisalotofwork,requireshardthinking. .

Onlyofyouwillmakeitthrough.

Wh do it? PhDtrainsyoutobeaprofessionalresearcher Researchlifeisfun

Yourideaswillshapethefuture Youdonthavecommercialpressure Yourcolleaguesaresmartandinteresting Youcandiscussresearchinexoticlocations

Yourfamilyexpectsyoutodoit Youmainlywanttotakemoreclasses)



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Course Asyouhaveheard1000timesinyourlife,Gradesarenot

asimportantthanaswhatyouhavelearnedintheclass.

Well,thissayingFINALLYbecomestruenow.

Youfinall havethefreedomtochoosethecourses oodorbad?corecourseorresearchrelatedcourse?)

Takin coursesthatarerelevantto ourresearch but

differentfromyouradvisorsexpertisesoyoumightlearnsomethingyouradvisordoesnt.

Attendingcourses:instructorscanperformbetteroreven

turnintoahumorist whentalkingaboutsomethingrelevanttohisorherresearch.

Courseproject:Achancetoenrichyourresumeand

2008/1/6 17publications. ResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU


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Tobesuccessfulatresearch,itisessentialthatyoulearntocopew cr c sm,an even a youac ve ysee ou .

Writeupwhatyou'reworkingon(evenifyou'renotreadytowriteafullconferenceor ournal a er andshowittopeople.

Talkingtootherpeoplewillhelpyourealize w c aspectso yourresearc aretru y erentan nnovat ve howyourworkfitsintothecurrentstateofyourfieldandwhere

it'sgoing

whichaspectsofyourworkarehardertosell(and,therefore,whichaspectsyouneedtothinkmoreaboutjustifying).

'have30second,2minute,5minuteand10minutesummariesofyourprojectreadyatamoment'snotice.



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ResearchTo ics



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, , ,

Networking:wireless,VOIP,protocol

eory:a gor m,ma , earn ng eory

AI:IR,datamining,agent,naturallanguageprocessing,,

Hardware:embeddedsystem,architecture

o ware:comp er,so wareeng neer ng,programm nglanguage,automaticcontrol,digitalarchive

ers: o n orma cs, umancompu er n erac on,(younameit),security



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Checkwhetherpeopleworkingonthatarea

areha . Checkthetrendofthemajorconference

.

Checkwhatkindofjobthegraduatesfindinthatarea.



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Choosin ResearchTo ics

ThefirstmistakeFrodomadeisthatheneverreallythinksaboutwhathewantstodo(and

.

DontchoosearesearchtopicONLYbecause:

Itisfunded. Itis ouradvisorsfavorite believeornot,

peoplesfavoritecanchangeveryquickly).

,changeveryquickly).

2008/1/6 22

____ .

ResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU


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ome ng a n eres syourse ,youra v sor,an

yourresearchcommunity.

, ,notawelldefinedproblem).

Ithastohavecertainconnectiontoexistingresearch(If

not,youneedtomakesurepeoplethinkitisinterestingandworthdoing.)

contributionorempiricalresults(preferablyboth).

,additionsthataresuccessivelyriskierbutwillmakethethesismoreexciting(Chapman)



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an een us as ca ypursue yyou n e ongrun Istheproblemsolvablebyyou? Willitleadtootherpotentialresearchproblems? Isitmana eableinsize?

Whatisthepotentialformakingoriginalcontributionstothecorrespondingresearchsociety? an eresu s me o s eeva ua e Canyoudemonstrateindependentskillstoothersby

solvin it? Canthesocietybenefitfromsomebodysolvingthis

problem?(e.g.whatstheapplication)

2008/1/6 242008/8/6 24ResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU


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Talktoyouradvisor.

.

Readsomepapers.

Dontjustreadpapers,dosomething(joinarou im lementas stem .



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Writethefollowingsdown(clearlyand

concisel )andshowitto eo leforcomments Whyitisimportant(Researchvalue?Commercial

Whyitinterestsme?(soyouaresureitisnota

Whyitischallenging(whyithastobeathesisra er anacoursepro ec

Whyitisdoable?(soIcangraduateonthis)



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LiteratureReview



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Reading Trygoingtothelibraryeveryweek,spendingsomehours

readingrecentjournalsorbooks(i.e.,therearethingsthatcannotbedownloadedonline).

Startwithatutorialpaperorclassicpaper,thenthe

.

SummarizeeveryarticleyoureadinEndNoteorotherbibliographyformat(BibTeX).Itwillsaveyoualotoftimeint es swr t ng.

TakeadvantageofACMGuidetoComputingLiterature

Scanthetitlefirst,thenabstract.Ifyouinterestisstillthere,

readthe

introduction

and

conclusion

first. YouwillNEVERbeabletofinishallthereading.Startdoing

researchwhenyoufeelyouhavecertainbackground,butdontsto readin .



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Askyourselfwhenreadingapaper(orattending

somebodystalk) Problems Istheproblemclearlydefined?

Isitagoodresearchproblem?

Istheproblemrelevanttoyourresearch/interests?

Solutions

Arethesolutionssoundandreasonable?

Isthesolutioneasilyimplementable?

Istherean bettersolutions oucanthinkofforthis roblem?

Canweuse/modifytheirsolutionstosolveourproblems? DataandResources

Whatkindofresources(e.g.machines,infrastructure)dotheyuse?Dowehavesimilarones?

A lications Isthereanyapplicationstheyhaventthoughtof?

Howmuchgapistherebetweentheexistingtheoryanditsfinalapplication?Isthereanyresearchvaluehiddeninsuchgap?

FutureWork

Isitworthdoing?

Canwedoitusin abettermethod?



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DoingResearch



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veryt es s s erent en ewe :

Opensupnewarea

Provides unif in framework

Resolveslongstandingquestion

Thoroughlyexploresarea

Contra ctsex st ng now e ge

Experimentallyvalidatestheory

Producesambitioussystem

Providesempiricaldata

Derivessuperioralgorithms

eve opsnewme o o ogy

Developsnewtool

Producesnegativeresult


The Evolution of Researchers (knight)


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The Evolution of Researchers (knight)

eg nn ng esearc ers xper esearc ersCant explain what he/she is doing & Can write hoped-for paper abstract

Unwittingly working on a previously

solved problem

Knows all related work

Attends directly-related seminars Goes to seminars, tries to ask aquestion

Can write about finished work Can write a proposal

Work goes unnoticed Causes other researchers to shift gears

rngs pre-conce ve so u on s ens care u y o e a a a an

Blocks on non-research problems Emails to others who must have faced

Works with same basic tools aseveryone else

Has a secret weapon (datainfrastructure unsupervisedec nque -processor c us er

Aims too low, or too high (or in astrange direction)

Picks good problems to work on2008/1/6 32ResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU


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Algorithm:DynamicProgramming,Graphtheory,Clustering,

automata,logic,cryptography

Searchmethods: . .

systemtooptimizeanexplicitorimplicitobjectionfunction(e.g.MaximumlikelihoodEstimation)

input/outputpairs,learningtellsyouhowtopredicttheoutputgivensomeunseeninput.Proposedmethods:SVM,NN,ME,DT,

,

Math:probabilityandstatistics,informationtheory,coding

theory,queuing

theory,

linear

algebra,

discrete

math ProgrammingSkills:C++,Java,designrelatedtools,Python,

Perl,MPI,databasemanagement

2008/1/6 33

,



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Youneedtoidentifyyoursecretweapon. Forexample,thehammersinMSlab:

EstimationMaximization

Algorithm. ass ers e.g. , , , .

BayesianInferenceTools. .

RegressionTools. BayesianNetworksLearningTools. ClusteringTools(e.g.Kmeans,Hierarchical). HiddenMarkovModels. ar ov ec s on rocesses. SocialNetworkAnalysisTools.

2008/1/6 34

.

DealingwithGigaWords ofdataResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU


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HowCanIFindNewandBetterIdeas(knight)

Listentodata (HerbSimon)

advisor

Rejectcomplexideas

Narrowimmediately whatsthefirstex eriment?

Learnpowerfultechniquesbyimplementing

them Pickproblemsthatwillteachyousomething Obsessyourselfwiththeresearchproblem,

an wa or e eas ocome.2008/1/6 35ResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU


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Writing



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eeparesearc ourna Writedownwhatyoudidinresearchbeforegoingtobed

Writedownothersusefulideas

Dontstartwritin a a eronl untilall our

experimentsaredone.Startwritingtheintroductionsectionassoonasyouknowwhattodo,andthe.

Writingdownyourmethodusuallycanrevealitspitfall.

It'sdifficulttoformalizeanideawellenou htotestandproveituntilyou'vewrittenitup;



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Circumscribetheproblemandargueconvincinglythatitneedstobe

solved.

Convincethecommitteeyouhaveamethodologyforsolvingit. Clearlystatehowyouplantoevaluateyoursystem.

hasthisproblembeenaddressedbefore? Whataretheshortcomingsofexistingworkinthearea,andhowwillyour

approachdifferfromandbeanimprovementoverthesemethods?

Besurethatyourcommitteemembersareasfamiliaraspossiblewithyourworkbeforeyouroral.

Duringtheexam,don'tpanicifyoudon'tknowtheanswer.Simplysay,``I'mnotsure''andthendoyourbesttoanalyzethequestionandpresentpossibleanswers.

YouwanttoconvincethecommitteethatyouCANsolvetheproblem,notyou so ve epro em.

Giveapracticetalktootherstudentsandfacultymembers. Remember:youknowmoreaboutyourthesistopicthanyourcommittee.



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rgan za on:

Abstract:aminiversionofthesis,writeitwhenyoufinishthe

wholethesis Introduction:Themostimportantsectioninyourdissertation.

Shouldcontaintheresearchstatement(goal),motivation , .

Relatedworks:toshowthatyouhavereadeverythingrelevant(canbemovedtolater).

Methodology:howtosolvetheproblem. Experiment(orevaluation):showyourmethodisuseful.

. Conclusion:saysomethingthatbecomesclearafterreading

alltheabove.



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Dontworryabouttheminordetails(e.g.

len th, ositionofthefi ure)until oufinishthewholearticle.

, , .

Usuallyitisnecessarytorewritetheintroductionsectionafteralltheother

cha ters are done. FiguresandTablesshouldbeselfexplainable

usecap ons2008/1/6 40ResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU

EdHovysSevenStepstoThesis TheideaI th l i ? I th l i l ?


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Isthereaclaim?Istheclaimclear? Istheidealargeorsmall?Istheideaaslargeasitcanbe?Canyougeneralizeit,orapplyi

e sew ere?

Motivation,Use,orApplication Whyshouldwecare? Howcantheclaimbeused?Arethereotherapplications?

Detai so t eI ea Whatarethebasicitems/elements/representationunitsoftheidea?

Whataretherulesortypesofinterrelationshipsbetweenthem? owe a orate aret ese temsan ru es re at ons ps owmuc o t ep enomenatheycover?

Data

DiscoveryMethodology Isthemethodofinvestigationclear?Isitappropriate?Doesitignorephenomenathatloo

Isitwellreasoned?nobiasesormistakes?

History

Proof

Isthereanevaluation? Ifso,isitadequate?Completeenough?

2008/1/6 41

Doesitspeaktotheclaim?Doesitactuallyprovetheclaim?

Ifnot,whynot? Isthereadiscussionofhowonemighttrytotestorprovetheclaim?Canonemakepredictionsand(easily)testhem?



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soun s esomewar a you ave ow n,andunfortunately,sometimesitistrue.

yousidethereis.onlyyou.

Youprobablyhaveaallyontheirside(ifnot.goodluck!). Trytostay um e utcon i ent,sot eresto t e

enemieswillshowyousomesymphonyandrespect.

alsosupportiveasacommitteemember.

Choosesomebody

that

compensates

your

advisors

expertiseasacommitteemember.

Callonthemforhelpifnecessary(itstheir

dissertation).2008/1/6 42ResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU


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ry oa en a eas one e oreyour urncomes. Controlthetalk,anddontletthetalkcontrolyou:

Dontbringupthingsyouarenotsure.

Don'tbedefensiveatyourdefense Noneedtofightforeverything.SometimesyoucansayThanks

foryourideas.Iwillbegivingitsomethinking

Reveal the bi icture but i nore the details leave ourselfsomematerialsforQ/A).

Rehearsalatleastthreetimes. Rememberyouradvisorisyourally,notyourenemy.

Discusswithhimaboutpossiblestrategy.



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Quotient

+



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Initiative :ratheraggressivethanpassive

our adviser is NOT oin to hold our hands and tell ou what to do ever steoftheway.

Yourgoalistoproveyourselfandeverybodythatyoucandohighquality

research,nottogetadegree. Tenacity: Letmete yout esecrett at as e metomygoa .Mystrengt

liessolelyinmytenacity." LouisPasteur Youdon'tneedtobeageniustoearnadegree,butveryfewfinishesa

.

Noonecantellyouinadvanceexactlyhowlongthedissertationwilltake,soit'shardtoseewherethe"endoftheroad"lies. It'sveryeasytobecomedepressedandunmotivatedaboutgoingon.

Discipline: doresearchEVERYDAY,insteadofwhenyouareinthemood. Flexibility:takingadvantageofopportunitiesandsynergies,workingaround

problems,andbeingwillingtochangeplansasrequired Awareness: payingattentiontotherules,news,tipsthatcanbenefityou. Haveasenseorurgency.ItisYOURfuture.

Selective:Youhaveonlylimitedamountoftime.Sodontspendtoomuchofyourtimeonsubordinatethingsortasks.2008/1/6 45ResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU


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: Everythingispossible,unlessyouproveitimpossible. Dontgiveuptooearly.

. Berealistic(therearemoreresearchtobedoneaftergraduation).

Breadth: . .

Dontconstraintyourselfononearea.

Itwonthurttohavemoreknowledgeonmathandalgorithm

Walkthetalk(Talkthetalk,walkthewalk). Smartnesscanbelearned(Experiencecounts).

Knowin whatiscriticalandwhatisminor e. .thes eedissometimesasimportantasthequality) Thelast10%toperfectiontypicallyconsumes80%oftheeffort.Thedevilis

alwaysinthedetails (Prof.TzickerChiueh)


Skills


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Skills

Asfrustratingascomputerscanbe,theyatleastbehaveinalogicalmanner,whilehumanbeingsoftendonot.

However, oursuccessin raduateschoolandbe ondde endsa reatdealuponyourabilitytobuildandmaintaininterpersonalrelationshipswith

youradviser Committeemembers yourfellowclassmates.

Interpersonalskills(how) Res ectever bod ,nomatterthe are rofessorsoronl administrators. Donotoffendpeopleyoudontlike,simplytryavoidingthem(buttry

pretendingyouarenotdoingitintentionally) Organizationalskills

Failingtoplanisplanningtofail.

Communicationsskills "Whatiswrittenwithouteffortis,ingeneral,readwithoutpleasure." Samuel

o nson

"Presenttoinform,nottoimpress;ifyouinform,youwillimpress. FredBrooks



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SetupyourGoals:

You should have dail weekl monthl and earl oals setu and checkconsistentlywhetheryouachievethosegoals.

Beruthlesswithtimebutgraciouswithpeople

Acceptthethingsyoucan'tchange(e.g.networkbroken).Controlthecontrollables. Savethecursingtime,itisYOUthatshouldberesponsibleforhowyourtimearespent.

Whenacrisisoccurs,don'tcomeunglued. Useyourenergytofindsolutions.

Takeyourtime(sometimestimeheals). Consideryouroptions(makealist). es m nu es. Don'tstartafireputtingoutafire. Turnacrisisintoanopportunity.

or smar s e er anwor ar Spendingmoretimeonmoreimportanttasks(e.g.writingpapersinsteadof

preparingexams).

2008/1/6 48

, .

Workhard,ifyoudontknowhowtoworksmart.



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Learning owtosay no .

Maintainatodolist,andestablishyourprioritiesonthetasks.

Knowwhattimesofda arebest/worstfor ou

mentallyandphysically. Have and maintain a semester calendar to

indicatetheduedate.

. Havethedeterminationtostartworkingona

2008/1/6 49


Attending Seminars Workshop


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AttendingSeminars,Workshop,

andConference en ng em nar r ay s a w enever e op c

interestsyou

Itdoesnotmatterifitisrelevanttoyourresearchornot. Itisgoodtolearnhowtodeliveranice(orbad,occasionally)

seminartalk.

.

WorkshopandConference Trytomakethemostoutofit(sinceyouwillanywayattendit). Studythescheduleandmarkthetalksyouareinterestedin

beforeyougo.

Writedownashortsummar aboutwhat oulearnedever da . Makingconnectionsisasimportantasbuildingknowledge: Trytotalktopeopleafterhistalkbyaskingrelevantquestions.

2008/1/6 50

mates).

Betteraggressivethanshy.ResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU


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enera yspea ng,peop eprov e e erma n enance ortheircarsthanfortheirownbodies." ScottAdams,The

DilbertFuture

Earningagraduatedegree(inparticularPh.D.)islikerunningamarathon.Youhavetolearntopaceyourselfandtakecareof

.

keepintouchwiththe"realworld,"toremindyourselfthatthegraduatestudentpopulationisnotrepresentativeofhumanityngenera an o eepyourperspec ve.

Graduateschoolisn'tworthriskingyourpersonalrelationships

over be sure that ou save time and ener to focus on thepeoplewhomattertoyou.

Taketimeforexercise,culturalactivities,relationships,and, ,

plummet.2008/1/6 51ResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU


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Dontjustdoonething(oronetypesofthing),

forexam le: Doingresearchandtakingcoursesatthesame

.

Workingontwodifferentresearchproblemsat.

Writingyourdissertationand..(maybethisisan

excep on



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FAQ



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Ans:pickone

' .

willbesomeoneyoucangetalongwith.

activelybe

doing

high

quality

research

and

be

involved

in

and

respected

.

arewillingandcapableofpassingthewisdomtoyou. serveasamentoraswellasasourceoftechnicalassistance. provi e or e pyouto in t eresourcesyounee inancia ,equipment,

andpsychologicalsupport). introduceyouandpromoteyourworktoimportantpeopleinyourfield. encourageyourown nterests,rat ert anpromot ngt e rown. beavailabletogiveyouadviceonthedirectionofyourthesisandyour

career.

e pyouto n a o w enyou n s . helpyoutosetandachievelongtermandshorttermgoals. enthusiasticabouttheresearchandteachingtheyaredoing


Q: Why everyone seems so together except me?


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Q:Whyeveryoneseemssotogetherexceptme?

Ans:

Well,believeornot,itisnottrue

arestillnotpublishedyet).

. .

resultsarenotevengoodenoughtowriteapaper

Well,peoplesometimeshidethemselveswhensuffering.

2008/1/6 55

,

keepcomparingyourselfwithothers.ResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU


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Ans:

Youdbeamazedhowmanypeoplereadyourstuff! Youradvisorwillsendyoutoconferencestopresentyourwork

Presentingacoherent,writtenscientificargumentisalearned

skill learnbydoing!

Itsatest ifyoucantdoit Mygreatworkkeepsgettingrejected.

..Rare.

.

CSisanapplicationscience.However,yourworkwillnotbe

... .

.



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ns:

Well,atleastitisagoodstarttorealizethis. Attendingtheresearchorientedcourseoffered

byafacultymemberhere.

s ngpeop e sen orstu ents, un orstu ents,postdocs)whataretheirsecretweapons(believe

, .

Check(byreadingpapers)whatkindof

usuallyuse.



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Ans:

Well,everybodyaskshimself/herselfthesamequestiononthewaytothedegree(youarenotthefirst,andwontbe

thelast . Wealllosemotivationoccasionally.Seekhelpfromyour

advisororseniorstudents.

Somet mes t appensw enyoustuc :

Trysomethingdifferent.

problem)toregainyourconfidence.

Sometimesithappenswhenyouareburnedout. . .

Findthesenseofhumoryou'veprobablylost.Learntolaughatyourselfandatthesituation.

2008/1/6 58

, ,life.Learntorecognizewhenyouaredrivingyourselftoohard.



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BlackBelt Ada tedfromR.T.Azuma



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.

Ayoungmartialartistkneelingbeforethe

MasterSenseiinaceremon toreceiveahardearnedblackbelt.

,

hasfinallyreachedapinnacleofachievementinthediscipline.

"Before rantin the belt ou must ass onemoretest,"saystheSensei.


Onemoreyear


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y

"Iamready,"respondsthestudent,expectingperhapsonefinalroundofsparring.

" Whatisthetruemeaningoftheblackbelt?

"Theendofmyjourney,"saysthestudent."Awelldeservedrewardforallm hardwork.

TheSenseiwaitsformore.Clearly,heisnot

s a s e . na y, e ense spea s."Youarenotyetreadyfortheblackbelt.

Returninoneyear."2008/1/6 61ResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU


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,

es u en ra ne ar or ew o e o ow ngyear,andthenkneelsagaininfrontoftheSensei.

" "askstheSenseiagain.

"

achievementinourart,"saysthestudent. ,

waiting.Clearly,heisnotsatisfied.Finally,he

s eaks.

"Youarestillnotreadyfortheblackbelt.Returninoneyear."


Timeflies,a ain,onemore ear assed


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, ,

Ayearpassedby,thestudentkneelsonceagainn ron o e ense ,w con ence.

Duringthepastyear,thestudentdidntspend. ,

peoplewhohaveearnedtheblackbeltbefore.

"

meaningoftheblackbelt?" startofaneverendingjourneyofdiscipline,work,

andthe

ursuit

of

an

ever

hi her

standard,"

memorizedthestudent.

"Yes.Youarenowreadytoreceivetheblackbelt

2008/1/6 63

andbeginyourwork.,saystheSensei.ResearchMethods,Prof.ShoudeLin,NTU


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Receivin the de ree is ust a be innin notanend. Peoplerarelydotheirbestjobintheir

.later.

Ifyou

bother

to

talk

to

and

learn

from

people

whohavealread onethrou hthis rocess

youmightgraduatetwoyearsearlier.

And this concludes the talk. Thanks!


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