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GRAMMAR ROUND UP

STAGE 4

FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE

FORMY

FORMA TWIERDZĄCA FORMA PYTAJĄCA FORMA PRZECZĄCA

PEŁNA

FORMA PRZECZĄCA

SKRÓCONA

I will go Will I go? I will not go I won’t go

You will go Will you go? You will not go You won’t go

He will go Will he go? He will not go He won’t go

She will go Will she go? She will not go She won’t go

It will go Will it go? It will not go It won’t go

We will go Will we go? We will not go We won’t go

You will go Will you go? You will not go You won’t go

They will go Will they go? They will not go They won’t go

I will go to school tomorrow.

Will you go to school tomorrow?

She will not (won’t) go to school tomorrow.

ZASTOSOWANIE

decyzje podejmowane w momencie mówienia

It’s cold in here. I’ll turn on the heater. [heater – grzejnik]

opinie, intencje, przypuszczenia dotyczące przyszłości (często w połączeniu z think, suppose, believe,

hope, expect, probably, perhaps etc)

I think I will go to Warsaw tomorrow.

He will probably come here in a moment.

prośby, propozycje, obietnice

Will you go and get me a pen from the next room, please? – prośba

These bags look heavy. I’ll help you! – propozycja pomocy

Don’t worry. I won’t tell anyone. - obietnica

Wyrażenia czasowe: tomorrow, next week, next month, next Monday etc., in three days

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TO BE GOING TO

Do mówienia o przyszłości używamy również konstrukcji to be going to (czasownik to be + going +

bezokolicznik to be, to stay, to wash etc.), np.

I’m going to watch a football game on TV tonight.

What are you going to do at the weekend?

Is she going to come to the party?

He isn’t going to stay here much longer.

ZASTOSOWANIE

zamiary (decyzja została podjęta wcześniej)

Anna is going to give a party next Saturday. (taki ma zamiar, decyzja podjęta)

nasze przewidywania oparte na tym, co widzimy.

There are some black clouds in the sky. It’s going to rain. (widać czarne chmury, przewidujemy, że zaraz

będzie padać)

PORÓWNAJ! ‘Ann is in hospital’.

‘Oh really? I didn’t know. I’ll go and see her. (decyzja podjęta w momencie mówienia)

‘Ann is in hospital’.

‘Yes, I know. I’m going to visit her tomorrow’. (decyzja podjęta wcześniej)

Ex. 1 Uzupełnij poniższe zdania podanymi czasownikami, używając czasu Future Simple.

pass have open go rain be take stay

1. I’m too tired to go home. I think I ……………………… a taxi.

2. It’s hot in this room …...................you .................…. the window, please?

3. We .................... probably ......…………. to the theatre at the weekend.

4. Can you wait for me? I …….........................................…. long.

5. There is no need to take an umbrella. It ...................................…………..

6. Would you like some tea or coffee? I …..................................…………… coffee, please.

7. Are you coming with us? No, I think I ……………...............................……… here.

8. Don’t worry about your exam. I’m sure you …….................................……. it.

Ex 2 Uzupełnij zdania czasownikami w odpowiednich formach czasu przyszłego ( will/going to)

1.Why are you turning on the television?

I ……………...............................……………………… the news. (watch)

2.I haven’t got any money.

Don’t worry, I ………....................................…………..you some. (lend)

3.What would you like to eat?

I …………...............................………… a sandwich, please. (have)

4.The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe. [bezpieczny]

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Yes, it looks as if [wygląda na to] it………………………...........................…down. (fall)

5.Why are you filling the bucket [wiadro] with water ?

I ………………………………………....................................……….. the car (wash)

6.I don’t know how to use this camera.

It’s very easy. I ……………………...................................…………….. you (show )

PRESENT PERFECT

Czas Present Perfect tworzymy, używając czasownika pomocniczego have/has + III formy czasownika

głównego.

FORMA TWIERDZĄCA

PEŁNA

FORMA TWIERDZĄCA

SKRÓCONA

FORMA PRZECZĄCA

SKRÓCONA

FORMA PYTAJĄCA

I have worked I’ve worked I haven’t worked Have I worked?

You have worked You’ve worked You haven’t worked Have you worked?

He has worked He’s worked He hasn’t worked Has he worked?

She has worked She’s worked She hasn’t worked Has she worked?

It has worked It’s worked It hasn’t worked Has it worked?

We have worked We’ve worked We haven’t worked Have we worked?

You have worked You’ve worked You haven’t worked Have you worked?

They have worked They’ve worked They haven’t worked Have they worked?

1. Czasu Present Perfect używamy do mówienia o czynnościach, które miały miejsce w

niezakończonym przedziale czasu, np. w tym tygodniu, miesiącu, roku, dzisiaj, na dzisiejszej lekcji itp.

I’ve read three books this month.

I’ve met a lot of interesting people today.

Słowa klucze: this week, this month, this year, this lesson, today, recently (ostatnio), lately (ostatnio),

so far (jak dotąd, dotychczas), ever (kiedykolwiek)

Dla porównania czasu Past Simple używamy do mówienia o czynnościach, które miały miejsce w

zakończonym przedziale czasu, np. w zeszłym tygodniu, miesiącu, roku, na zeszłej lekcji itp.

I read four books last month.

I met a lot of interesting people yesterday.

Słowa klucze: last week, last month, last year, last lesson, yesterday, this morning, three days ago,

in 1982

2. Czasu Present Perfect używamy również do mówienia o czynnościach, które miały miejsce niedawno

(nie podajemy jednak kiedy, gdyż nie jest to istotne), których skutki nadal odczuwamy.

I’ve forgotten the keys. (nieważne kiedy, ważny skutek –teraz nie mogę otworzyć drzwi)

D. Beckham has broken his leg. (noga nadal jest w gipsie, skutek –teraz nie może grać w piłkę)

A: I want to see Mr Smith.

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B: I’m afraid he has already left. (wyszedł i go nie ma, nie może się Pan z nim teraz widzieć)

Dla porównania czasu Past Simple używamy do mówienia o czynnościach, których skutki przestały być

odczuwalne.

I lost the keys, but then I found them. (zgubiłem, ale znalazłem)

D. Beckham broke his leg. (złamał, ale już jest zdrowy)

Mr Smith went to the shops in the morning, but he’s back again. (wyszedł, ale już wrócił)

Ex. 3 Wstaw odpowiednia formę czasownika (Present Perfect)

1. I ……………………………………………… (buy) a new car.

2. My father ………………………………………… (find) a new job.

3. He …………………………………. (go) to Italy.

4. …………………. you …………………………. (ever be) to Japan?

5. She ……………………………………. (never eat) snails before.

6. We ………………………………………. (not wash) the car yet.

7. …………………you ………………………. (have) lunch today?

Ex.4 Wstaw odpowiednią formę czasownika (Past Simple)

1. I…………….. (go) to Scotland four years ago.

2. We first…………………. (meet) in 1994.

3. I …………………….. (see) your brother at the cinema last week.

4. …………………Peter ………………(write) to you last month?

5. What time ……………you …………… (get up)?

6. John………………………. (not/be) at school last week.

7. ………………. (be) they in the mountains last Summer?

Ex. 5 Wstaw podane w nawiasach czasowniki w Present Perfect bądź Past Simple.

1. I don’t know her husband. I.................................................................... (never/meet) him.

2. We....................................................................... (not/take) a vacation last year.

3. Napoleon Bonaparte................................................... (die) in 1821.

4. ................................................ (you/visit) many museums when you were in Paris?

5. I................................................... (lose) my key! I can’t find it anywhere!

6. When I................................... (be) a child, I ...........................................(not/like) milk.

7. No, James.............................................................. (not/play tennis) with us last Friday.

8. I.................................. (not/see) Jane today, but I ........................... (see) her two days ago.

9. ......................................................................... (you/ever/be) to Britain?

10. There................................... (be) a lot of accidents on Polish roads last year, and there

................................................................. (be) a lot this year, too.

11. Kathy loves travelling. She.................................................... (visit) many countries so far.

Ex. 6 Wybierz właściwy czas (Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect , Past Simple,

Future Simple).

1. ........................................................this car. Do you want to buy?

a) I’m selling b) I sell c) I sold

2. The weather is bad today. It .............................................................................. all day.

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a) rains b) is raining c) rained

3. ........................................................................................................the house last week?

a) Did your friend sell b) Will your friend sell c) Has your friend sold

4. It......................... every winter here but last winter it....................................................

a) snows b) is snowing c) will snow

a) is raining b) has rained c) rained

6. She............................................................................ 25 years old tomorrow.

a) is b) has been c) will be

7. I............................................................ Tim since we were schoolchildren.

a) know b) have known c) knew

8. My sister............................................. and now she.................................. dinner.

a) has just arrived b) just arrived c) is just arriving

a) is having b) has c) will have

9. I........................................... you in front of the hotel in half an hour, OK?

a) met b) will meet c) have met

10. Why ...........................at me? I .......................................... anything wrong!

a) do you shout b) did you shout c) are you shouting

a) haven’t done b) won’t do c) don’t do

11. Mary ............................................................................ a few minutes ago.

a) left b) has left c) leaves

12. Don’t phone me after 11 o’clock. I............................................ asleep.

a) am b) am being c) will be

13. I can’t believe you........................................................... five pieces of pizza already!

a) ate b) have eaten c) are eating

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CONDITIONALS – ZDANIA WARUNKOWE (I i II)

I. Pierwszy tryb warunkowy odnosi się do przyszłości. Warunek jest całkiem możliwy do spełnienia,

prawdopodobnie zostanie spełniony.

IF + PRESENT SIMPLE, WILL + BEZOKOLICZNIK

If I see him tomorrow, I will tell him about the party. (całkiem możliwe, że go jutro spotkam)

If he is late, we will start without him. (całkiem możliwe, że się spóźni)

Father will get angry if he finds out what you did. (całkiem możliwe, że się dowie)

II. Drugi okres warunkowy wyraża przypuszczenie dotyczące teraźniejszości bądź przyszłości (tak zwane

gdybanie). Warunek mało prawdopodobny lub wręcz niemożliwy do spełnienia.

IF + PAST SIMPLE, WOULD (COULD) + BEZOKOLICZNIK

If I won a lot of money I would buy a house in Florida. (ale mało realne, że wygram, mogę sobie jedynie

‘pogdybać’)

If I were you I wouldn’t buy this car, it’s too expensive. (ale nigdy nie będę tobą, mogę sobie jedynie

‘pogdybać’)

If I knew the answer I would tell you. (ale nie znam)

Ex.7 Wstaw podane w nawiasach czasowniki w odpowiedni czas (I warunkowy).

1. If you……………………………………… (not/study ) hard, you will fail the examination.

2. John…………………………………….. (not/be) happy if he sees it.

3. They won’t let you in if you………………………………………. (not/buy) a ticket. [let

in – wpuścić dośrodka]

4. If the weather……………………… (be) fine tomorrow , we will go to the lake.

5. She…………………………………… (be) ill if she…………………….. (eat) all this.

6. If I……………………. (not/find) my watch, I…………………… (have to) buy another one.

7. I’m sure you………………………….. (regret) it if you…………………….. (not/go) with us.

[regret – żałować]

8. We……………………………….. (not/go out) tonight if it………………….. (not/stop) raining.

Ex. 8 Wstaw podane w nawiasach czasowniki w odpowiedni czas (II warunkowy).

1. If I were you, I…………………………………….. (not/keep) all the money in one bank.

2. I would go out if it……………………………………. (stop) raining.

3. If I …………………………........... (win) the lottery I’d be happy.

4. Peter………………………………. (be) able to help us if he……………………… (be) here now.

5. They…………………………………………………………………………………… (not/live) here

if they……………………………. (have) a chance to live in another city.

6. David……………………………. (buy) a better car if he………………… (have) more money.

7. I think you……………………….. (look) smart if you………………. (put on) a jacket.

[smart – elegancki]

8. What…………………………………….. (you do) if you………………………….. (see) a burglar

in your house in the middle of the night? [burglar – włamywacz]

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Ex. 9 Połącz zdania w pary.

a) If you arrive too early, 1) my wife will be angry

b) If you work hard, 2) you will have to wait.

c) If Tom keeps shouting, 3) you will succeed.

d) If prices weren’t high, 4) everybody would like him.

e) If I come late for dinner, 5) we could buy a bigger flat.

f) If Jerry smiled more, 6) why would I ask you?

g) If I knew what the answer was, 7) he will wake everybody up.

Ex. 10 Czasowniki w nawiasach wstaw w odpowiedni czas (I i II okres warunkowy)

1. Mary will be happy if you……………………… (visit) her tomorrow.

2. If you pass your examination we…………………………. (have) a party.

3. I would repair the roof myself if I……………… (have) a longer ladder. [ladder – drabina]

4. He wouldn’t play bridge so well if he……………………. (not/practise) so much.

5. Where…………………………. (you/stay) if you go to Paris?

6. You’ll catch a cold if you……………………………...... (not change) your wet clothes.

7. If I……………………….. (be) you, I………………… (complain) to the manager.

[complain – składać skargę]

8. If it………………………………… (be) sunny next weekend , we will go fishing.

9. ……………… she ………………… (get) angry if I turned up the radio?

10. We will miss the plane if we……………………………………………. (not/hurry).

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KLUCZ

EX. 1

1) will take 2) will you open 3) will probably go 4) won’t be long 5) won’t rain 6) I’ll have 7) I’ll stay 8) you will pass

EX. 2

1) I’m going to watch 2) I’ll lend 3) I’ll have 4) it’s going to fall 5) I’m going to wash 6) I’ll show

EX. 3

1) have bought 2) has found 3) has gone 4) Have you ever been 5) has never eaten 6) haven’t washed 7) Have you had

EX. 4

1) went 2) met 3) saw 4) did Peter write 5) did you get up 6) wasn’t 7) were they

EX. 5

1) have never met 2) didn’t take 3) died 4) Did you visit 5) have lost 6) was, didn’t like 7) didn’t play 8) haven’t seen, saw 9)

Have you ever been 10) were, have been 11) has visited

EX. 6

1) a 2) b 3) a 4) a, c 6) c 7) b 8) a, a 9) b 10) c, a 11) a 12) c 13) b

EX. 7

1) don’t study 2) won’t be 3) don’t buy 4) is 5) will be, eats 6) don’t find, will have to 7) will regret, don’t go 8) won’t go out,

doesn’t stop

EX. 8

1) wouldn’t keep 2) stopped 3) won 4) would be, was/were 5) wouldn’t live, had 6) would buy, had 7) would look, put 8)

would you do, saw

EX. 9

1) a-2 2) b-3 3) c-7 4) d-5 5) e-1 6) f-4 7) g-6

EX. 10

1) visit 2) will have 3) had 4) didn’t practice 5) will you stay 6) don’t change 7) were, would complain 8) is 9) Would she get

10) don’t hurry