GarmÖkfa esckþIRbkasshsSvtSr RtUv ... KH.pdf · vi 2>2 eKaledATI2³...

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GarmÖkfa esckþIRbkasshsSvtSr_ RtUv)anGnum½tedayRbeTssmaCikcMnYn 189 namhasnñi)atGgÁkar

shRbCaCatikalBIExkBaØa qñaM2000 edayenAeBlenaH emdwknaMBiPBelakTaMgGs;)anRBmeRBogKña elIeKaledA nigcMnucedAmYycMnYnEdlmankMnt;eBlevlac,as;las; nigGacvas;)an edIm,IRbyuT§nwgPaB RkIRkF¶n;F¶r PaBGt;Xøan CMgWnana Gnkçrkm μ PaBricrwlénbrisßan nigkarerIseGIgcMeBaH®sþI. eKaledA TaMgenH KWCaEpñkmYyénTisedAGPivDÆn_skl EdlRtUv)anRbeTsCasmaCikGgÁkarshRbCaCati Gnum½tkalBIb:unμanqñaMmun ehIybc©úb,nñenHRtUv)anehAfaeKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_ (MDGs).

raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa )anebþCJacitþy:agmuWgm:at; edIm,IbMeBjKMlatrvagkarebþCJacitþrbs;BiPBelak nigkarrIkcMerInrbs;Cati rvaglT§plénkarGPivDÆn_fñak;Cati nigPaBxusKñaenAmUldæaneTAtamTItaMg PUmisa®sþ nigsßanPaBeynD½r. eRkayéf¶ 7 mkra qñaM1979 km<úCa)anpþÜcepþImeGaymandMeNIrkar GPivDÆn_CabnþbnÞab; EdlTTYl)anlT§plKYreGaykt;sMKal;. bnÞab;BIkare)aHeqñatCati qñaM1993 edayksagbEnßmeTAelIsmiT§iplTaMgenaH raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa)anebþCJacitþCMrujkargarGPivDÆn_eGay kan;EtxøaMgkøaEfmeTot elIkkMBs;smtßPaBdwknaM edIm,IeGayTTYl)anlT§pll¥RbesIrenARKb;lMdab; fñak;TaMgGs;énsgÁm begáItPaBCaédKUEdlTukcitþ)an begáInkarekorKrFnFanGPivDÆn_TaMgkñúgRsuk nig BIGnþrCati nigelIkkMBs;RbsiT§PaBénkareRbIR)as;FnFanTaMgenH edIm,IQaneTAsMerceKaledAGPivDÆn_ shsSvtSr_ eGay)andl;RbCaCnkm<úCaTUeTA.

tamBit km<úCamanbBaðaRbQmmYycMnYn EdlRtUvedaHRsayenAelImaKa’eq<aHeTAkan;eKaledA GPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa. eTaHbICakñúgry³eBlmYyTsvtSr_knøgmkenH mankMeNInesdækic©k¾eday k¾b:uEnþ PaBRkIRkrbs;RbCaCnenAEtCabBaðaEdlRtUvykcitþTukdak;. karrIkcMerInenACnbTtamminTan; kMeNInRbCaCn ehIyPaBK μankargareFVIKWCabBaðaRbQmd¾cMbgmYy. sßanPaBsuxPaB nigGnam½yrbs; RbCaCnmYycMnYnenAEtecaTCabBaðaenAeLIy. GRtamrNPaBkumarGayueRkam 5 qñaM hak;dUcCamankar ekIneLIgbnþickñúgTsvtSr_knøgeTA ehIykarkat;bnßyGRtamrNPaBmatamankarrIkcMerInbnþicbnþÜc b:ueNÑaH. FnFanFmμCatienAkm<úCa TamTareGayykcitþTukdak;CaGaTiPaB RbsinebIeyIgcg;rkSaekrþ× dMENlFnFand¾sþúksþmÖenH eGay)anKg;vgSTuksMrab;kUnecACMnan;eRkay. bBaðaRbQmTaMgGs;enH manTMhMFMeFgNas;. eTaHbICay:agenHk¾eday eyIgenAEtGacsMerceKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_)an RbsinebIeyIgTaMgGs;KñaxitxMRbwgERbgeGayGs;BIkMlaMgkaycitþ nigR)aCJasμartIsMerceGay)annUv skþanuBlénkarGPivDÆn_rbs;km<úCa.

enHCar)aykarN_TIBIr sþIBIsßanPaBeKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa. r)aykarN_TImYy kñúg qñaM2001 EdlCamUldæanRKwHsMrab;eFVIr)aykarN_nanaenAeBlGnaKt nigpSBVpSaykaryl;dwgd¾TUlM

ii

TUlaydl;RKb;PaKIBak;B½n§nana RtUv)anerobcMeLIgedaymankarsMrbsMrYlBIRkumGgÁkarshRbCaCati RbcaMenAkm<úCa. r)aykarN_PaBeCOnelOnéneKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_qñaM2003enH RtUv)anerob cMeLIgeRkamkardwknaMrbs;RkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_sgÁmkic© edaymankarcUlrYmBIRKb;PaKIGPivDÆn_sMxan;² CaeRcIn. enAkñúgr)aykarN_enH )anGFib,ayGMBIkareFVImUldæanIykm μéneKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_ skl [eTACaeKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa edIm,IqøúHbBa©aMgeGayeXIjBItfPaBCak;EsþgenAkñúg RbeTskm<úCa. r)aykarN_k¾pþl;pgEdrnUvkarviPaKGMBIeKalneya)ay nigkm μviFIsMxan;²rbs;raCrdæa Pi)alkm<úCa EdlrYmcMENkdl;karsMerceKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCanImYy² ehIyk¾kMNt;GMBI bBaðaRbQmcMbg² edIm,IQaneTAsMerceGay)aneKaledATaMgenH nig)andak;ecjnUvRkbx½NÐkargar mYy edIm,IedaHRsayral;bBaðaRbQmTaMgenaHpgEdr. r)aykarN_enHCakargarmYykMBugdMeNIrkar ehIynwgGacEklMGCabnþeTotkñúgeBlGnaKt eBalKWenAeBlEdlkm<úCamansmtßPaBrwgmaMxagkar viPaKsßiti nigviPaKeKalneya)ay.

raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa ebþCJacitþy:agmuWgm:at; edIm,IsMerceGay)annUveKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_ km<úCa EdlCamUldæanRKwHd¾rwgmaMsMrab;eKalneya)ay nigyuT§sa®sþGPivDÆn_rbs;eyIg. edaymankar cgRkgkt;RtanUvskmμPaBnana PaBeCaKC½y bTBiesaFn_ nigbBaðaRbQmnanacMeBaHmux r)aykarN_ enH)anbBa¢ak;BIkarebþCJacitþy:agmuWgm:at;rbs;eyIg nigCMrujeGayPaKITaMgGs;begáItPaBCaédKUeGay )anrwgmaM edIm,IGPivDÆn_RbeTskm<úCa.

h‘un Esn naykrdæm®nþIénraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa

iii

TItaMgPUmisaRsþ nigsßanPaBRbeTskm<úCaenAtMbn;GasIuGeKñy_

RbeTskm<úCa CaEpñkmYyén]bTVIbGasuIGeKñy_ EdlmanépÞdIsrub 181035 Km2 KWFMCagbnþic énBak;kNþalRbeTsevotNam ehIyRbEhlCamYyPaKbIénRbeTséf. ry³eBlCag 20qñaM cug eRkayenH RbeTskm<úCa RtUv)ansßitenAÉekaBIshKmn_GnþrCatiedaysars®gÁam nigTukçevTnaépÞkñúg Edl)ancab;epþImtaMgBIedImTsvtSr_qñaM1970 ehIyCalT§pl KWkar)at;bg;CIvitmnusSCaeRcIn k¾dUcCa karbMpøajnUvehdæarcnasm<½n§esdækic© sgÁmkic©TaMgRsug. KUrkt;sMKal;fabBaðaRbQmd¾FMmYycMeBaHkar GPivDÆn_enAkm<úCa KWlT§plEdlbnSl;TukedaysarsRgÁam. CaelIkTImYy enAkñúgry³eBlCitbI TsvtSr_ CamYykarRtLb;mkvijnUvsnþiPaB nigkarsþarsßirPaBm:aRkUesdækic© bnÞab;BIkare)aHeqñatqñaM 1993 RbeTskm<úCabc©úb,nñ mankalanuvtþPaBkñúgkareFVIkMEnTMrg;y:ageRcIn edIm,IsMerc)anRKb;vis½y TaMgGs;énCIvPaBsgÁm nigesdækic©. tamlkçN³rdæ)al RbeTskm<úCaRtUv)anEbgEckCa 24 extþ¼Rkug 185 Rsuk¼x½NÐ 1621 XMu¼sgáat; nig 13707 PUmi ¬Éksar K>C>b 2003¦.

iv

taragsegçb sþIGMBIsUcnakrGPivDÆn_sMxan;²

sUcnakr km<úCa Lav éf evotNam PUma m:aeLsuI lMdab;énsnÞsSn_GPivDÆn_mnusS 130 135 74 109 131 58 snÞsSn_GPivDÆn_mnusS qñaM2001 0/556 0/525 0/768 0/688 0/549 0/790 snÞsSn_GPivDÆn_eynD½r 0/551 0/518 0/766 0/687 Kμan 0/784 snÞsSn_ Gini kñúgR)ak;cMNUl¼ cMNayeRbIR)as;

40/4 37 43/2 36/1 Kμan 49/2

snÞsSn_karGb;rM 0/64 0/63 0/88 0/83 0/72 0/83 cMnYnRbCaCn ¬KitCalannak;¦ qñaM2001

13 /5 5/4 61/6 79/2 48/2 23/5

GRtakMeNInRbCaCn qñaM2001 2/5 2/2 1/5 1/9 1/8 2/5 GRtalT§PaBbgákMenItsrub 4/8 4/8 1/9 2/3 2/9 2/9 plitplkñúgRsuksrubsMrab;mnusS mñak; qñaM2001

278 326 1874 411 Kμan 3699

GaMgsIudg;PaBRkIRk qñaM2000 ¬°¦ 36/1 38/6 13/1 Kμan Kμan Kμan GayukalmFümKitBIkMeNIt qñaM2001

57/4 53/9 68/9 68/6 57/0 72/8

lT§PaBTTYl)anTwks¥atenACnbT qñaM2000 ¬°¦

26 29 81 72 66 94

GRtaeRbva:Lg;emeraKeGds_kñúg cMeNammnusSeBjv½y qñaM20011

2/7 < 0/1 1/8 0/3 K μan 0/4

épÞdIRKbdNþb;edayéRBeQI qñaM2000 52/9 54/4 28/9 30/2 52/3 58/7 RbPB³ r)aykarN_GPivDÆn_mnusS qñaM2003/ UNDP .

1 http://www.unaids.org.

v

matika

GarmÖkfa i

TItaMgPUmisaRsþRbeTskm<úCaenAkñúgGasIuGeKñy_ iii

taragsegçb sþIGMBIsUcnakrGPivDÆn_sMxan;² iv

matika v

sUcnakr nigcMNucedA éneKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa ¬KGsk¦ xi

sßanPaBén KGsk segçb xvii

snÞsSn_rYmrbs; KGsk tamextþ¼Rkug xx

esckþIsegçb xxii

bBa¢IGkSrkat; xxvii

esckþIepþIm 1

EpñkTI1³ bribTGPivDÆn_ nigdMeNIrkar KGs enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa 2 1>1 lkçN³rcnasm<½n§ nigRbvtþisaRsþfμ I² rbs;km<úCa 31>2 PaBGMeNayplsMrab;karGPivDÆn_ nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk 41>3 bBaðaRbQm nigkarGnuvtþn_énkic©GPivDÆn_esdækic©sgÁmkic©kñúgry³eBlmYyTsvtSr_mun 6

1>3>1 kMenInesdækic© 71>3>2 vismPaB 81>3>3 cMnYnRbCaCn 8

1>4 yuT§saRsþGPivDÆn_ rbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa 101>5 dMeNIrkarerobcM KGsk 11 EpñkTI2³ eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa³ bBaðaRbQm nigRkbx½NÐkargar 13

2 esckþIepþIm 142>1 eKaledATI1³ lubbM)at;PaBRkIRk nigPaBGt;XøanF¶n;F¶r 14

2>1>1 sUcnakr nigcMNucedArbs; KGsk1 142>1>2 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk1 162>1>3 eKalneya)ay nigkm μviFIbc©úb,nñsMxan;²EdlrYmcMENkdl; KGsk1 182>1>4 bBaðaRbQmCaKnøwH² kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk1 192>1>5 Rkbx½NÐkargaredIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk1 202>1>6 PaBxusKñatamtMbn; kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk1 23

vi

2>2 eKaledATI2³ sMerc[)anCaTUeTAkarGb;rMmUldæanry³eBl 9qñaM 252>2>1 sUcnakr nigcMNucedAén KGsk2 252>2>2 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk2 262>2>3 eKalneya)ay nigkmμviFIsMxan;² naeBlbc©úb,nñEdlrYmcMENkdl; KGsk2 322>2>4 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² cMeBaHkarsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk2 332>2>5 Rkbx½NÐkargaredIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk2 342>2>6 PaBxusKñatamtMbn;kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk2 35

2>3 eKaledATI3³ elIktMekIgsmPaBeynD½r nigkarpþl;siTi§GMNacdl;®sþI 382>3>1 sUcnakr nigcMNucedAén KGsk3 382>3>2 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk3 402>3>3 eKalneya)ay nigkm μviFIsMxan;² naeBlbc©úb,nñ EdlrYmcMENkdl; KGsk3 422>3>4 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² cMeBaHkarsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk3 442>3>5 Rkbx½NÐkargaredIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk3 442>3>6 PaBxusKñatamtMbn;kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk3 46

2>4 eKaledATI4³ kat;bnßymrNPaBkumar 482>4>1 sUcnakr nigcMNucedAén KGsk4 482>4>2 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk4 492>4>3 eKalneya)ay nigkm μviFIsMxan;² naeBlbc©úb,nñ EdlrYmcMENkdl; KGsk4 502>4>4 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² cMeBaHkarsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk4 512>4>5 Rkbx½NÐkargaredIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk4 522>4>6 PaBxusKñatamtMbn;kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk4 52

2>5 eKaledATI5³ elIkkMBs;suxPaBmata 552>5>1 sUcnakr nigcMNucedAén KGsk5 552>5>2 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk5 562>5>3 eKalneya)ay nigkm μviFIsMxan;² naeBlbc©úb,nñEdlrYmcMENkdl; KGsk5 582>5>4 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² cMeBaHkarsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk5 592>5>5 Rkbx½NÐkargaredIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk5 592>5>6 PaBxusKñatamtMbn;kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk5 60

2>6 eKaledATI6³ RbyuT§nwgemeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_ RKuncaj; nigCMgWdéTeTot 622>6>1 sUcnakr nigcMNucedAén KGsk6 622>6>2 emeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_ 64

2>6>2>1 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk6 sþIBIemeraK eGds_¼CMgWeGds_

64

vii

2>6>2>2 eKalneya)ay nigkmμviFIsMxan;²naeBlbc©úb,nñ EdlrYmcMENkdl;emeraK eGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_

66

2>6>2>3 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² cMeBaHkarsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAénemeraKeGds_¼ Cm¶WeGds_

67

2>6>2>4 Rkbx½NÐkargaredIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedA énemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_

68

2>6>3 CMgWRKuncaj; nigCMgWRKunQam 692>6>3>1 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk6 sþIBICMgWRKuncaj;

nigRKunQam 69

2>6>3>2 eKalneya)ay nigkmμviFIsMxan;² naeBlbc©úb,nñ EdlrYmcMENkdl; Cm¶WRKuncaj; nigRKunQam

69

2>6>3>3 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² cMeBaHkarsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAénCm¶WRKuncaj; nig RKunQam

71

2>6>3>4 Rkbx½NÐkargaredIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedA énCm¶WRKuncaj; nigRKunQam

72

2>6>4 CMgWrebg 732>6>4>1 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk6 sþIBICMgWrebg 732>6>4>2 eKalneya)ay nigkmμviFIsMxan;²naeBlbc©úb,nñEdlrYmcMENkdl;Cm¶Wrebg 732>6>4>3 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² cMeBaHkarsMerc)annUvcMNucedAénCm¶Wrebg 742>6>4>4 Rkbx½NÐkargaredIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAén

Cm¶Wrebg 75

2>6>5 PaBxusKñatamtMbn; kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk6 752>7 eKaledATI7³ FanacIrPaBbrisßan 78

2>7>1 sUcnakr nigcMNucedAén KGsk7 782>7>2 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk7 802>7>3 eKalneya)ay nigkm μviFIsMxan;²naeBlbc©úb,nñ EdlrYmcMENkdl; KGsk7 822>7>4 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² cMeBaHkarsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk7 832>7>5 Rkbx½NÐkargaredIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk7 852>7>6 PaBxusKñatamtMbn;kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk7 86

2>8 eKaledATI8³ bgáItPaBCaédKUCasklsMrab;kic©GPivDÆn_ 88- CMnYyGPivDÆn_pøÚvkar (ODA) 89- bec©kviTüa KmnaKmn_ Bt’manviTüa (ICT) 91

viii

- PaBCaédKU edIm,InirnþPaBénkarGPivDÆn_enAkm<úCa 92- lT§PaBrkTIpSar¼BaNiC¢km μ 93- bMNul 94

2>9 eKaledATI9³ karedaHmIn yuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH nigkarse®gÁaHCnrgeRKaH 952>9>1 cMNucedA nigsUcnakr KGsk9 952>9>2 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk9 952>9>3 eKalneya)ay nigkmμviFIbc©úb,nñsMxan;² EdlrYmcMENkdl; KGsk9 972>9>4 bBaðaRbQmCaKnøwH kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk9 982>9>5 Rkbx½NÐkargareqøIytbeTAnwgbBaðaRbQmnana kñúgkarsMerc)an KGsk9 992>9>6 PaBxusKñatamtMbn;kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk9 100

EpñkTI3³ viFIsa®sþtamdan nigkarvaytMélelIPaBeCOnelOnrbs; KGsk 102

3>1 kartamdanelIPaBeCOnelOnén KGsk 1033>2 karvaytMélCMerIsxageKalneya)ay edIm,IsMerc)an KGsk 1043>3 Rkbx½NÐsßab½n edIm,Itamdan nigvaytMélelI KGsk 1053>4 RbB½n§RKb;RKgBt’manPaBRkIRkkm<úCa 106 Éksareyag 108]bsm<½n§ k ³ snÞanuRkmBakübec©keTs 112]bsm<½n§ x ³ viFIsa®sþ 122]bsm<½n§ K ³ viFIsa®sþKNnasnÞsSn_rYmén KGsk 125 bBa¢Itarag tarag 1>1³ sUcnakresdækic©-sgÁmkic©fμ I² sMrab;km<úCa 9tarag 2>1>1³ mUldæanIykmμén KGs1 [eTACa KGsk1 14tarag 2>1>2³ qñaMCamUldæan nigcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk1 tamlMdab;qñaM 15tarag 2>1>3³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk1 tamextþ¼Rkug 24tarag 2>2>1³ mUldæanIykm μén KGs2 eTACa KGsk2 25tarag 2>2>2³ qñaMCamUldæan nigcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk2 tamlMdab;qñaM 26tarag 2>2>3³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk2 tamextþ¼Rkug 37tarag 2>3>1³ mUldæanIykm μén KGs3 eTACa KGsk3 38tarag 2>3>2³ qñaMCamUldæan nigcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk3 tamlMdab;qñaM 39

ix

tarag 2>3>3³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk3 tamextþ¼Rkug 47tarag 2>4>1³ mUldæanIykm μén KGs4 eTACa KGsk4 48tarag 2>4>2³ qñaMCamUldæan nigcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk4 tamlMdab;qñaM 48tarag 2>4>3³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk4 tamextþ¼Rkug 54tarag 2>5>1³ mUldæanIykm μén KGs5 eTACa KGsk5 55tarag 2>5>2³ qñaMCamUldæan nigcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk4 tamlMdab;qñaM 56tarag 2>5>3³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk5 tamextþ¼Rkug 61tarag 2>6>1³ mUldæanIykm μén KGs6 eTACa KGsk6 62tarag 2>6>2³ qñaMCamUldæan nigcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk6 tamlMdab;qñaM 63tarag 2>6>3³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk6 tamextþ¼Rkug 77tarag 2>7>1³ mUldæanIykm μén KGs7 eTACa KGsk7 78tarag 2>7>2³ qñaMCamUldæan nigcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk7 tamlMdab;qñaM 79tarag 2>7>3³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk7 tamextþ¼Rkug 87tarag 2>8>1³ cMNucedA nigsUcnakrCasklén KGs8 88tarag 2>9>1³ qñaMCamUldæan nigcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk9 tamlMdab;qñaM 95tarag 2>9>2³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk9 tamextþ¼Rkug 101tarag 3>1³ smtßPaBtamdan nigeFIVr)aykarN_BIPaBeCOnelOnén KGsk 105 bBa¢IrUb rUb 2>1>1³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénsmamaRtRbCaCn Edlrs;enAeRkamExSbnÞat;PaBRkIRk fñak;Cati 16rUb 2>1>2³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénsmamaRtRbCaCn EdlRkCageKbMput 20° kñúgkareRbIR)as;

cMNayfñak;Cati 17

rUb 2>1>3³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénsmamaRtRbCaCn Edlrs;enAeRkamExSbnÞat;PaBRkIRkmðÚbGahar 17rUb 2>1>4³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk1 tamextþ¼Rkug 23rUb 2>2>1³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénGRtaBitcUleronf μ I 27rUb 2>2>2³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénGRtaBiténkarsikSaenAbzmsikSa 27rUb 2>2>2>1³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénGRtaBiténkarsikSaenAbzmsikSa tamePT 28rUb 2>2>3³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénGRtaBiténkarsikSaenAmFümsikSabzmPUmi 28rUb 2>2>3>1³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénGRtaBiténkarsikSaenAmFümsikSabzmPUmi tamePT 29rUb 2>2>4³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénsmamaRtkumarGayuBI 6-14qñaM Edlmin)ancUleron 29rUb 2>2>5³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénGRtaKg;vgSénsisS Edl)aneronBIfñak;TI1 dl;TI5 30rUb 2>2>6³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénGRtaKg;vgSénsisS Edl)aneronBIfñak;TI1 dl;TI6 30

x

rUb 2>2>7³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénGRtaKg;vgSénsisS Edl)aneronBIfñak;TI1 dl;TI9 31rUb 2>2>8³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénGRtaGkçrkm μénGñkEdlmanGayuBI 15 eTA24qñaM 31rUb 2>2>9³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénpleFobcMnYnkumarICamYykumara EdleronenAbzmsikSa 32rUb 2>2>10³ ninñakarnigcMNucedAénpleFobcMnYnkumarICamYykumaraEdleronenAmFümsikSabzmPUmi 32rUb 2>2>11³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk2 tamextþ¼Rkug 36rUb 2>3>1³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénpleFobrvagsisSRsI nigRbusenAkMritmFümsikSaTutiyPUmi 40rUb 2>3>2³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénpleFobrvagnisiStRsI nigRbusenA]tþmsikSa 41rUb 2>3>3³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénsmamaRtGsn³rbs;RsþIenAkñúgsPaCati 42rUb 2>3>4³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk3 tamextþ¼Rkug 46rUb 2>4>1³ ninñakarénGRtamrNPaBkumareRkamGayu 5qñaM 49rUb 2>4>2³ ninñakarénGRtamrNPaBTark 50rUb 2>4>3³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk4 tamextþ¼Rkug 53rUb 2>5>1³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénkarsMralkUnedaybuKÁliksuxaPi)alEdlmanCMnaj 57rUb 2>5>2³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk5 tamextþ¼Rkug 60rUb 2>6>1³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénGRtaeRbva:Lg;emeraKeGds_ kñúgcMeNahmnusSeBjv½yGayuBI

15-49qñaM 64

rUb 2>6>2³ ninñakar nigcMNucedA énGRtaeRbva:Lg;emeraKeGds_ kñúgcMeNamRsIþGayuBI 15-24qñaM )anBinitüépÞeBaHmuneBlsMral

65

rUb 2>6>3³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk6 tamextþ¼Rkug 76rUb 2>7>1³ ninñakar nigcMnucedAsþIBIKMrbéRBeQIkm<úCa KitCaPaKryeFobnwgépÞdIRbeTs 80rUb 2>7>2³ ninñakar nigcMnucedA sþIBIsmamaRtRbCaCnmanTwks¥ateRbIR)as;enACnbT nigTIRkug¼RbCMuCn 81rUb 2>7>3³ ninñakar nigcMnucedAsþIBIPaKryRbCaCnCnbT nigTIRkug¼RbCMuCn EdlmanRbB½n§Gnam½y

RbesIreLIg82

rUb 2>7>4³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk7 tamextþ¼Rkug 86rUb 2>9>1³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAéncMnYnCnsIuvilrgeRKaHEdl)ankt;Rta ¬minrab;bBa©ÚleyaFa¦ 96rUb 2>9>2³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénPaKryépÞdIEdl)anedaHmInelIépÞdIEdl)ansgS½ykñúgkMritF¶n; x<s;

mFüm nigTab97

rUb 2>9>3³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk9 tamextþ¼Rkug 101rUb 3>1³ karbegáItsßab½n sMrab;tamdan nigviPaKPaBRkIRkenAkm<úCa 105rUb 3>2³ karbegáItsßab½nRbB½n§RKb;RKgBt’manPaBRkIRkkm<úCa 107

xi

sUcnakr nigcMNucedAéneKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa ¬KGsk¦ KGsk1³ lubbM)at;PaBRkIRkF¶n;F¶r nigPaBGt;Xøan

cMNucedArYmTI 1³ kat;bnßy[)anBak;kNþal rvagqñaM1993 nig2015 nUvsmamaRtRbCaCn EdlmanR)ak;cMNUlTabCag ExSbnÞat;PaBRkIRkfñak;Cati cMNucedA 1>1³ kat;bnßysmamaRtRbCaCn EdlmanR)ak;cMNUlTabCagExSbnÞat;PaBRkIRkfñak;CatiBI 39° enAqñaM1993 eTA19/5° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 1>2³ begáInbmaNPaKrbs;RbCaCn EdlRkCageKbMput 20° kñúgkareRbIR)as;cMNayfñak;CatiBI 7/4° enAqñaM 1993 eTA11° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 1>3³ kat;bnßysmamaRtkumareFVIkargar EdlmanGayuBI 5-17qñaM BI16/5° enAqñaM1999 eTA8° enAqñaM2015cMNucedArYmTI 2³ kat;bnßy[)anBak;kNþal rvagqñaM1993 nig2015 nUvsmamaRtRbCaCn EdlTTYlrgnUvPaBGt;XøancMNucedA 1>4³ kat;bnßyGRtaeRbva:Lg;énkumarminRKb;TMgn; (TMgn;eFobnwgGayu <2 SD) EdlmanGayueRkam 5qñaM BI 45/2° enAqñaM2000 eTA22° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 1>5³ kat;bnßysmamaRtRbCaCn EdlsßitenAeRkamExSbnÞat;mðÚbGahar BI20° enAqñaM1993 eTA10° enAqñaM 2015 cMNucedA 1>6³ kat;bnßyGRtaeRbva:Lg;énkumarRkin (kMBs;eFobnwgGayu <2 SD) EdlmanGayueRkam 5qñaM BI44/6° enAqñaM2000 eTA22° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 1>7³ kat;bnßyGRtaeRbva:Lg;énkumarsÁm (TMgn;eFobnwgkMBs; <2 SD) EdlmanGayueRkam 5qñaM BI15° enAqñaM2000 eTA9° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 1>8³ begáInsmamaRtRKYsar EdleRbIR)as;GMbilGIuy:Ud BI14° enAqñaM2000 eTA90° enAqñaM2015

KGsk2³ sMerc[)anCaTUeTAkarGb;rMmUldæanry³eBl 9 qñaMcMNucedArYmTI 3³ Fana[kumarTaMgGs;)anbBa©b;karsikSakMritbzmsikSa enAmundMNac;qñaM2010 nigkarsikSakMritmUldæan ry³eBl 9 qñaM enAmundMNac;qñaM2015 cMNucedA 2>1³ begáInGRtaBitcUleronfμ I BI81° enAqñaM2001 [eLIgdl; 100° enAqñaM2010cMNucedA 2>2³ begáInGRtaBiténkarsikSaenAbzmsikSa BI87° enAqñaM2001 [eLIgdl; 100° enAqñaM2010 cMNucedA 2>3³ begáInGRtaBiténkarsikSaenAmFümsikSabzmPUmi BI19° enAqñaM2001 [eLIgdl; 100° enAqñaM 2015cMNucedA 2>4³ kat;bnßysmamaRtkumarGayuBI 6 eTA 14qñaM Edlmin)ancUleronenAsala BI35° enAqñaM1999 [cuHdl; 0° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 2>5³ begáInGRtaKg;vgSénsisS Edl)aneronBIfñak;TI1 dl;fñak;TI5 BI58° enAqñaM2001 [eLIgdl; 100° enA qñaM2010 cMNucedA 2>6³ begáInGRtaKg;vgSénsisS Edl)aneronBIfñak;TI1 dl;fñak;TI6 ¬fñak;cugeRkayénkarsikSakMritbzmsikSa¦BI51° enAqñaM2001 [eLIgdl; 100° enAqñaM2010cMNucedA 2>7³ begáInGRtaKg;vgSénsisS Edl)aneronBIfñak;TI1 dl;fñak;TI9 ¬fñak;cugeRkayénkarsikSakMritmUldæan¦ BI33° enAqñaM2001 [eLIgdl; 100° enAqñaM2015cMNucedA 2>8³ begáInGRtaGkçrkmμénGñkEdlmanGayuBI 15-24qñaM BI82° enAqñaM1999 [eLIgdl;100° enAqñaM2015cMNucedArYmTI 4³ lubbM)at;vismPaBeynD½rkñúgkarGb;rMkMritmUldæanry³eBl 9 qñaM [)anmundMNac;qñaM2010 cMNucedA 2>9³ begIánpleFobcMnYnkumarICamYycMnYnkumara EdleronenAbzmsikSa BI87° enAqñaM2001 [eLIgdl;

xii

100° enAqñaM2010 cMNucedA 2>10³ begIánpleFobcMnYnkumarICamYycMnYnkumara EdleronenAmFümsikSabzmPUmi BI63° enAqñaM 2001 [ eLIgdl; 100° enAqñaM2010

KGsk3³ elIkkMBs;smPaBeynD½r nigpþl;siTi§GMNacdl;RsþI cMNucedArYmTI 5³ kat;bnßyKMlateynD½r enAkMritmFümsikSaTutiyPUmi nig]tþmsikSacMNucedA 3>1³ begáInpleFobrvagsisSRsI nigsisSRbusenAkMritmFümsikSaTutiyPUmi BI48° enAqñaM2001 eTA100° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 3>2 ³ begáInpleFobrvagnisiStRsI nignisiStRbusenA]tþmsikSa BI38° enAqñaM2001 dl;85° enAqñaM2015cMNucedA 3>3³ begáInpleFobrvagGkçrkm μRsþI nigbursGayu 15-24qñaM BI87° enAqñaM1998 dl;100° enAqñaM2010 cMNucedA 3>4³ begáInpleFobrvagGkçrkm μRsþI nigbursGayu 25-44qñaMM BI78° enAqñaM1998 dl;100° enAqñaM2010cMNucedArYmTI 6³ lubbM)at;KMlateynD½r sMrab;kargarmanebovtSr_enARKb;vis½yesdækic©cMNucedA 3>5³ begáInsmamaRténRsþIeFVIkargarmanebovtSr_kñúgvis½yksikmμ ¬RbePTvis½yTI1¦ BI35° enAqañM1998 dl;50° enAqañM2005 cMNucedA 3>6³ begáInsmamaRténRsþIeFVIkargarmanebovtSr_kñúgvis½y]sSahkmμ ¬RbePTvis½yTI 2¦ BI44° enAqañM 1998 dl;50° enAqañM2005 cMNucedA 3>7³ begáInsmamaRténRsþIeFVIkargarmanebovtSr_kñúgvis½yesvakm μ ¬RbePTvis½yTI 3¦ BI21° enAqñaM1998 dl;50° enAqañM2015 cMNucedArYmTI 7³ lubbM)at;KMlateynD½renAkñúgsßab½nsaFarN³cMNucedA 3>8³ begáInsmamaRténGsn³rbs;®sþIenAkñúgsPaCati BI12° enAqñaM2003 dl;30° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 3>9³ begáInsmamaRténGsn³rbs;®sþIenAkñúgRBwT§sPa BI13° enAqñaM2003 dl;30° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 3>10³ begáInsmamaRtén®sþICardæmRnþI BI8° enAqñaM2003 dl;15° enAqñaM2015cMNucedA 3>11³ begáInsmamaRtén®sþICardæelxaFikar BI6° enAqñaM2003 dl;18° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 3>12³ begáInsmamaRtén®sþICaGnurdæelxaFikar BI5° enAqñaM2003 dl;20° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 3>13³ begáInsmamaRtén®sþICaGPi)alextþ BI0° enAqñaM2003 dl;10° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 3>14³ begáInsmamaRtén®sþICaGPi)alextþrg BI 1° enAqñaM 2003 dl;15° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 3>15³ begáInsmamaRtén®sþICasmaCikRkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat; BI8° enAqñaM2003 dl;25° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedArYmTI 8³ kat;bnßyral;RKb;TMrg;énGMeBIhigSacMeBaHRsIþ nigkumarcMNucedA 3>16³ begáIncMnYnkrNIGMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsar Edl®tUv)anBieRKaHeyabl;edaybuKÁlikEdlmanCMnaj eGay)an 100° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 3>17³ begáInPaKryénRbCaCn[yl;dwgBIGMeBIhigSacMeBaHRsþI KWCaGkb,kiriyaxusqÁg nigCaGMeBI]RkidæeGay )an100° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 3>18³ tak;Etg nigGnuvtþc,ab;TaMgLayRbqaMgnwgral;RKb;TMrg;énGMeBIhigSacMeBaHRsIþ nigkumareTAtaml½kçx½NÐ nigniyamGnþrCati[)anenAqñaM2005 cMNucedA 3>19³ RbmUlTinñn½ysßitiRbcaMqñaM edIm,I®tYtBinitüGMeBIhigSacMeBaHRsIþ[)anenAqñaM2005 cMNucedA 3>20³ tak;Etg nigGnuvtþEpnkarTb;saát;GMeBIhiigSa[)anenAqñaM2005

xiii

KGsk4³ kat;bnßyGRtamrNPaBkumarcMNucedArYmTI 9³ bnßyGRtamrNPaBkumareRkamGayu 5 qñaM cMNucedA 4>1³ kat;bnßyGRtamrNPaBkumareRkamGayu 5 qñaM kñúg1000 kMeNItrs; BI124 enAqñaM1998 eTA65 enAqñaM 2015 cMNucedA 4>2³ kat;bnßyGRtamrNPaBTark kñúg1000 kMeNItrs; BI95 enAqñaM1998 eTA50 enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 4>3³ begáInsmamaRténkumarGayueRkam 1 qñaM )anTTYlkarcak;fñaMkarBarCm¶WkRBa¢wl BI41° enAqñaM2000 eTA 90° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 4>4³ begáInsmamaRténkumarGayu 6-59Ex )anTTYlfñaMvItamInGa BI28° enAqñaM2000 eTA90° enAqñaM2015cMNucedA 4>5³ begáInsmamaRténkumarGayueRkam 1qñaM )anTTYlkarcak;fñaMkarBarCm¶Wxan;søak; k¥kman; ettaNUs BI43° enAqñaM2000 eTA90° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 4>6³ begáInsmamaRténTarkRtUv)anbMe)AedaH dl;Gayu 6Ex BI11/4° enAqñaM2000 eTA49° enA qñaM2015cMNucedA 4>7³ begáInsmamaRténmþay Edlcab;epIþmbMe)AedaHTarkeTIbnwgekIt kñúgry³eBl 1 em:agénkMeNIt BI11° enAqñaM2000 eTA62° enAqñaM2015

KGsk5³ elIkkMBs;suxPaBmatacMNucedArYmTI 10³ bnßypleFobmrNPaBmata cMNucedA 5>1³ kat;bnßypleFobmrNPaBmata kñúg100000 kMeNItkUn BI437 enAqñaM1997 eTA140 enAqñaM 2015 cMNucedA 5>2³ kat;bnßyGRtalT§PaBpþl;kMeNItsrub BI 4nak; enAqñaM1998 eTA3nak; enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 5>3³ begIánsmamaRténkarsMralkUn edaybuKÁliksuxaPi)alEdlmanCMnaj BI32° enAqñaM2000 eTA80° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 5>4³ begIánsmamaRténRsIþþerobkarEdleRbIviFIBnüarkMeNItTMenIb BI18/5° enAqñaM2000 eTA60° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 5>5³ begIánPaKryénRsIþþmanépÞeBaH Edl)anTTYlkarBieRKaHmuneBlsMral)anBIrdg b¤eRcInCag CamYybuKÁlik suxaPi)alEdlmanCMnaj BI30° enAqñaM2000 eTA90° enAqñaM2015cMNucedA 5>6³ kat;bnßysmamaRténRsIþþmanépÞeBaH EdlmanCmW¶esøksøaMgxVHCatiEdk BI 66° enAqñaM2000 eTA33° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 5>7³ kat;bnßysmamaRténRsþIGayu 15-49qñaM EdlmanpleFobTMgn;eTAnwgkMBs;eRkam 18/5 KILÚRkam¼ Em:Rtkaer: BI 21° enAqñaM2000 eTA8° enAqñaM2015cMNucedA 5>8³ kat;bnßysmamaRténRsþIGayu 15-49qñaM EdlmanCmW¶esøksøaMgxVHCatiEdk BI58° enAqñaM2000 eTA19° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 5>9³ begIánsmamaRténRsþImanépÞeBaH EdlsMralkUnedaykarvHkat; BI0/8° enAqñaM2000 eTA4° enAqñaM2015

KGsk6³ RbyuT§RbqaMgnwgemeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_ RKuncaj; nigCMgWdéTeTot cMNucedArYmTI 11³ bnßykarrIkraldalénemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_cMNucedA 6>1³ kat;bnßyGRtaeRbva:Lg; énemeraKeGds_kñúgcMeNammnusSeBjv½yGayuBI 15-49qñaM BI2/6° enAqñaM 2002 mk1/8° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 6>2³ kat;bnßyGRtaeRbva:Lg;énemeraKeGds_ kñúgcMeNamRsþImanépÞeBaH EdlmanGayuBI 15-24qñaM )anBinitü épÞeBaHmunsMral BI2/7° enAqñaM2002 mk1/5° enAqñaM2015

xiv

cMNucedA 6>3³ begáInGRtaeRbIeRsamGnam½ykñúgcMeNamGñkrksIupøÚvePT kñúgeBlrYmePTcugeRkay BI91° enAqñaM2002 eTA98° enAqñaM2005 cMNucedA 6>4³ begIánPaKryényuvCnGayuBI 15-24qñaM Edl)anraykarN_ BIkareRbIeRsamGnam½y kñúgeBlrYmePTCa mYyédKUmineTogTat; BI82° enAqñaM2002 eTA95° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 6>5³ begIánsmamaRténkarRbIeRsamGnam½y Edl)anraykarN_edayRsIþerobkar EdldwgfaxøÜn sißtkññúgsßanPaB eRKaHfñak; BI1° enAqñaM2000 eTA10° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 6>6³ begIánPaKryénRsIþBinitüépÞeBaHmunsMralEdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ehIy)ancUlrYmkñúgkm μviFIbgáarkarqøg BImþayeTAkUn BI2/7° enAqñaM2002 eTA50° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 6>7³ begIánPaKryénGñkCMgWeGds_ Edl)anTTYlfñaMRbqaMgnwgemeraKeGds_ BI 3° enAqñaM2002 eTA75° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedArYmTI 12³ bnßykarrIkraldal énCmW¶RKuncaj; Cm¶WRKunQam nigCm¶WrebgcMNucedA 6>8³ kat;bnßyGRtasøab;edaysarCm¶WRKuncaj; Edl)anraykarN_ edayvis½ysuxaPi)alsaFarN³ BI0/4° enAqñaM2000 eTA0/1° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 6>9³ begáInsmamaRténRbCaCnenAtMbn;manCm¶WRKuncaj;x<s; EdleRbImugRClk;fñaMkalBIyb;knøgmk BI57° enAqñaM2002 eTA98° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 6>10³ kat;bnßycMnYnGñkCMgWRKuncaj;Edl)anTTYlkarBüa)al enAkñúgEpñksuxaPi)alsaFarN³ kñúgRbCaCn 1000nak;;; BI11/4 enAqñaM2000 eTA4 enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 6>11³ begáInsmamaRténesvasuxPaBsaFarN³ EdlGacbBa¢ak;BIeraKvinicä½yCm¶WRKuncaj;)anCak;lak; 95° tamrUbmnþCati BI60° enAqñaM2002 eTA95° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 6>12³ kat;bnßycMnYnGñkCm¶WRKunQam Edl)anTTYlkarBüa)alenAkñúgEpñksuxaPi)alsaFarN³ kñúgRbCaCn 1000nak;; BI1 enAqñaM2001 eTA0/4 enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 6>13³ kat;bnßyGRtasøab;edaysarCm¶WRKunQamEdl)anraykarN_ BIEpñksuxaPi)alsaFarN³ BI1/5° enAqñaM 2003 eTA0/3° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 6>14³ kat;bnßyGRtaeRbva:Lg;énCm¶WrebgsYtviC¢man BK kñúgRbCaCn 100000nak;; BI428 enAqñaM1997 eTA 135 enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 6>15³ kat;bnßyGRtasøab;edaysarCm¶WrebgkñúgRbCaCn 100000nak;; BI90 enAqñaM1997 eTA32 enAqñaM 2015 cMNucedA 6>16³ begáInsmamaRténGñkEdl)an):an;sμanfamankrNICm¶WrebgsYtviC¢man BK fμI )anrkeXIjeRkamkar Büa)aledaymankarRtYtBinitüpÞal; (DOTS) BI57° enAqñaM2002 eGayelIsBI70° enAqñaM2010 nigqñaM2015 cMNucedA 6>17³ rkSasmamaRténGñkCm¶WrebgsYtviC¢man BK Edl)ankt;RtaehIy)anBüa)alRbkbedayeCaKC½y eRkamkarBüa)aledaymankarRtYtBinitüpÞal; (DOTS) eGayenAelI85° cab;BIqñaM2005 eTAmux

KGsk7³ FanacIrPaBbrisßan cMNucedArYmTI 13³ bBa©ÚleKalkarN_GPivDÆn_cIrPaB eTAkñúgeKalneya)ay nigkmμviFICati nigbegáInFnFanbrisßan cMNucedA 7>1³ rkSanUvKRmbéRBeQIkñúgkMrit 60° elIépÞdIsrub enAqñaM2000 eGayenAefrdl;qñaM2015

xv

cMNucedA 7>2³ rkSanUvépÞdItMbn;karBarEdlmancMnYn 23 kñúgkMrit 3/3 lanhikta enAqñaM1993 eGayenAefrdl; qñaM 2015 cMNucedA 7>3³ rkSanUvtMbn;GPirkSéRBeQIfμITaMg6 kñúgkMritbc©úb,nñ 1/35 lanhikta eGayenAefrdl;qñaM2015 cMNucedA 7>4³ begáIncMnYnGñkGPirkStMbn;karBarBI 600nak; enAqñaM2000 eGaydl;1200nak; enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 7>5³ rkSacMnYnGñkGPirkSkñúgtMbn;GPirkSéRBeQI enAkMrit 500nak; rhUtdl;qñaM 2015 cMNucedA 7>6³ begáInsmamaRtLÚt_ensaTEdlRbKl;CUnshKmn_mUldæan BI56° enAqñaM1998 eGaydl;60° enAqñaM 2015 cMNucedA 7>7³ begáIncMnYnshKmn_ensaTmUldæan BI264 enAqñaM2000 [dl;589 enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 7>8³ begáInépÞTICMrksuvtßiPaBrbs;mcäa BI264500hikta qñaM2000 [dl;580800 hikta enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 7>9³ kat;bnßykarBwgEp¥kelIGusdutrbs;RKYsar BI92° enAqñaM1993 mkRtwm52° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedArYmTI 14³ kat;bnßy[)anBak;kNþal smamaRtRbCaCnEdlK μanlT§PaBeRbIR)as;Twks¥atCaRbcaM mundMNac;qñaM 2015 cMNucedA 7>10³ begáInsmamaRtRbCaCnCnbT EdlmanlT§PaBeRbIR)as;RbPBTwks¥at BI24° enAqñaM1998 [dl;50° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 7>11³ begáInsmamaRtRbCaCnTIRkug¼RbCMuCn EdlmanlT§PaBeRbIR)as;RbPBTwks¥at BI60° enAqñaM1998 [dl;80° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedArYmTI 15³ kat;bnßy[)anBak;kNþal smamaRtRbCaCn EdlK μanlT§PaBeRbIR)as;Gnam½yRbesIrCagmunCa RbcaM enAmundMNac;qñaM2015 cMNucedA 7>12³ begáInsmamaRtRbCaCnCnbT EdlmanlT§PaBTTYl)anRbB½n§Gnam½yRbesIreLIg BI8/6° enAqñaM 1996 [dl;30° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedA 7>13³ begáInsmamaRtRbCaCnTIRkug¼RbCMuCn EdlmanlT§PaBTTYl)anRbB½n§Gnam½yRbesIreLIg BI49° enAqñaM1998 [dl;74° enAqñaM2015 cMNucedArYmTI 16³ begáInGRtaénRbCaCnmanb½NÑkm μsiT§idIFøITUTaMgRbeTs TaMgTIRkug nigCnbT enAmundMNac;qñaM2015cMNucedA 7>14³ begáInGRtaénRbCaCnmanb½NÑkm μsiT§idIFøITUTaMgRbeTs TaMgTIRkug nigCnbT BI15° enAqñaM2000 dl; 65° enAqñaM2015

KGs8³ begIátPaBCaédKUCasklsMrab;kic©GPivDÆn_2

cMNucedArYmTI 17³ begIátEfmeTotkarebIkcMhRbB½n§BaNiC©kmμ nighirBaØvtßúRbkb edaymUldæanc,ab;Gac)a:n;s μan)an nig minmankarerIseGIg sUcnakr 8>1³ ODA suTæ CaPaKryénkic©GPivDÆn_ nigshRbtibtþikar (DAC) cMnUlCatisrub (GNI) rbs;m©as;CMnYy [cMNucedAsrub 0>7° nig 0>5° sMrab;RbeTsRkIRkbMput (LDC)]

sUcnakr 8>2³ smamaRtén ODA eFobCamYyesvasgÁmCamUldæan ¬karGb;rMmUldæan karEfTaMsuxPaBbzm GaharUbtßmÖ Twks¥at nigGnam½y¦

2 kareFVImUldæanIykmμ KGs8 eTACa KGsk8 nwgRtUvbBa©b ;enAeBlxagmuxeday RkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_km<úCa.

xvi

cMNucedArYmTI 18³ kMNt;BItMrUvkarBiessrbs; LDCs rYmmankarrYcBn§elITMnij naMecjbJnaMcUl nigkUtadl;karnaMecjrbs; LDC CMrujkm μviFIsMral bMNuldl;bNþaRbeTsRkIRkCMBak;bMNulF¶n;F¶r ¬HIPC¦ nigkarTukCaemaXnUvbMNuleTVPaKI pøÜvkar dl;bNþaRbeTsEdlebþCJakñúgkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk sUcnakr 8>3³ smamaRtén ODA \tsMNg sUcnakr 8>4³ smamaRtén ODA sMrab;Epñkbrisßan enAkñúgbNþardæEdndIekaHtUc² sUcnakr 8>5³ smamaRtén ODA sMrab;EpñkdwkCBa¢Ún enAkñúgbNþaRbeTsminCab;smuRT sUcnakr 8>6³ smamaRténkarnaMecj ¬KitCatMélminbBa©ÚlGavuF¦ edaykarrYcBn§ nigkUtasUcnakr 8>7³ kMritCamF,mBn§elITMnijnaMecjbJnaMcUl nigkUtaelIplitplksikm μ nigvaynP½NÐ nigsMelokbMBak; cMNucedArYmTI 19³ kMNt;tMrUvkarBiessrbs;bNþaRbeTsminCab;smuRT nigbNþardæ EdnekaHtUc² ¬tamry³km μviFI Barbados nigbTbBaØtþirbs;mhasnñi)atshRbCaCatielIkTI 22¦ sUcnakr 8>8³ ]btßmÖFnenAkñúgRsuk nigkarnaMecjplitplksikmμenAkñúg bNþaRbeTsénGgÁkarshRbtibtþikaresdækic© nigGPivDÆn_ (OECD) sUcnakr 8>9³ smamaRtén ODA Edlpþ;l;[edIm,ICYybegIánsmtßPaBBaNiC¢km μ cMNucedArYmTI 20³ edaHRsaybBaðabMNulénRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_tamry³viFankarCati nigGnþrCatinana edIm,IeFVI[bMNul mancIrPaBkñúgry³eBlEvg sUcnakr 8>10³ smamaRténbMNuleTVPaKIpøÚvkarrbs; HIPC Edl)anlubecal sUcnakr 8>11³ esvabMNulCaPaKryénkarnaMecjTMnijnigesvakm μsUcnakr 8>12³ smamaRtén ODA Edl)anpþl;[CakarsMralbMNul sUcnakr 8>13³ cMnYnRbeTsEdlTTYl)ankarsMerccitþCa HIPC nigkarbMeBjl½kçx½NÐnana cMNucedArYmTI 21³ shkarCamYybNþaRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_edIm,IbegáIt nigGnuvtþyuT§saRsþsMrab;kargarsmrmü nigRbkb edayplitPaBsMrab;yuvCnsUcnakr 8>14³ GRtaGt;kargareFVIénGñkEdlmanGayu 15-24 qñaMcMNucedArYmTI 22³ shkarCamYyRkumh‘un»sf edIm,Ipþl;lT§PaBGacTTYl)an»sfsarvn½þ enAkñúgbNþaRbeTskMBug GPivDÆn_ sUcnakr 8>15³ smamaRtRbCaCnGacTTYl)an»sfsarvn½þQrelImUldæanRbkbedaycIrPaBcMNucedArYmTI 23³ shkarCamYyEpñkÉkCn edIm,IeFIV[manGtßRbeyaCn_énbec©kviTüaf μ I² CaBiessEpñkBt’man nig TUrKmnaKmn_ sUcnakr 8>16³ cMnYnExSTUrs½BÞkñúgmnusS 1000 nak;sUcnakr 8>17³ cMnYnkMuBüÚT½rpÞal;xøÚnkñúgmnusS 1000nak; sUcnakrdéTeTotnwgRtUvbegáIteLIg

KGsk9³ karedaHmIn yuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH nigkarse®gÁaHCnrgeRKaH3 cMNucedArYmTI 24³ eq<aHeTArkGRtaeRKaHfñak;sUnüedaysarRKab;mIn nigRKab;minTan;pÞúH enAqñaM2012 cMNucedA 9>1³ kat;bnßycMnYnCnsIuvilrgeRKaHedaysarmIn[dl;sUnüenARtwmqñaM2012cMNucedA 9>2³ e)assMGattMbn;EdlsgS½yfamanmInkMritF¶n; x<s; mFüm nigTab [Gs;enARtwmqñaM2012 cMNucedArYmTI 25³ lubbM)at;plb:HBal;CaGviC¢mandl;mnusSCati nigesdækic© sgÁmkic© edaysarmIn nigRKab;minTan;pÞúH RtwmqñaM2025 cMNucedA 9>3³ begáItRkbx½NÐkargarCMnYyd¾TUlMTUlaymYydl;CnrgeRKaH munqñaM2005 ehIyRtUvGnuvtþ cMNucedA 9>4³ begáInkBa©b;CMnYy nigeFIVsmahrNkm μeTAkñúgsgÁmdl;CnrgeRKaHedaysarRKab;mIn nigRKab;minTan;pÞúH

3 eKaledATI 9 enHRtUv)anesñIeLIgedayraCrdæaPi)al.

xvii

sßanPaBsegçbéneKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa cMNucedArYm etIGacnwgsMerccMNucedA

rYmenHEdrb¤eT?briyakasKaMRT

Gac eFVI)an

manskþanuBl

minTMng

Kμan Tinñn½y

xøaMg mFüm exSayEt kMBugEklMG

exSay

cMNucedArYmTI 1³ kat;bnßy[)anBak; kNþal rvagqñaM1993 nig2015 nUv smamaRtRbCaCn EdlmanR)ak;cMNUl TabCagExSbnÞat;PaBRkIRkfñak;Cati

√ √

cMNucedArYmTI 2³ kat;bnßy[)anBak; kNþal rvagqñaM1993 nig2015 nUv smamaRtRbCaCn EdlTTYlrgnUvPaB Gt;Xøan

√ √

cMNucedArYmTI 3³ Fana[kumarTaMgGs; )anbBa©b;karsikSakMritbzmsikSaenAmun dMNac;qñaM2010nigkarsikSakMritmUldæanry³eBl 9qñaM enAmundMNac;qñaM2015

√ √

cMNucedArYmTI 4³ lubbM)at;vismPaB eynD½r kñúgkarGb;rMkMritmUldæanry³eBl 9qñaM [)anmundMNac;qñaM2010

√ √

cMNucedArYmTI 5³ kat;bnßyKMlateynD½r enAkMritmFümsikSaTutiyPUmi nig]tþm sikSa

√ √

cMNucedArYmTI 6³ lubbM)at;KMlateynD½r sMrab;kargarmanebovtSr_ enARKb;vis½y esdækic©

√ √

cMNucedArYmTI 7³ lubbM)at;KMlateynD½r enAkñúgkic©karrdæaPi)al √ √

cMNucedArYmTI 8³ kat;bnßyral;RKb;TMrg; énGMeBIhigSacMeBaHRsIþ nigkumar √ √

cMNucedArYmTI 9³ bnßyGRtamrNPaB kumareRkamGayu 5qañM √ √

cMNucedArYmTI 10³ bnßypleFob mrNPaBmata √ √

cMNucedArYmTI 11³ bnßykarrIkraldal énemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ √ √

xviii

cMNucedArYmTI 12³ bnßykarrIkraldal énCmW¶RKuncaj; Cm¶WRKunQam nigCm¶Wrebg

√ √

cMNucedArYmTI 13³ bBa©ÚleKalkarN_ GPivDÆn_cIrPaB eTAkñúgeKalneya)ay nigkmμviFICati nigbegáInFnFanbrisßan

√ √

cMNucedArYmTI 14³ kat;bnßy[)anBak; kNþalnUvsmamaRtRbCaCnEdlK μan lT§PaBeRbIR)as;Twks¥atCaRbcaM enAmun dMNac;qñaM2015

√ √

cMNucedArYmTI 15³ kat;bnßy[)anBak; kNþalnUvsmamaRtRbCaCnEdlK μan lT§PaBeRbIR)as;Gnam½yRbesIrCagmun CaRbcaM enAmundMNac;qñaM2015

√ √

cMNucedArYmTI 16³ begáIn[)aneRcInnUv smamaRtRbCaCnEdlmanlT§PaBTTYl )ankmμsiT§idIFøI EdlmansuvtþiPaB enAmun dMNac;qñaM2015

√ √

cMNucedArYmTI 17³ begIátEfmeTotkar ebIkcMhnUvRbB½n§BaNiC©kmμ nighirBaØvtßú RbkbedaymUldæanc,ab;Gac)a:n;sμan)an nigminmankarerIseGIgedayrYm mankar ebþCJa[manGPi)alkic©l¥ kic©GPivDÆn_ nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkTaMgfñak;Cati nigGnþrCati

cMNucedArYmTI 18³ kMNt;BItMrUvkar Biessrbs; LDCs rYmman karrYcBn§elI TMnijnaMecj bJnaMcUl nigkUtadl;kar naMecjrbs; LDC CMrujkm μviFIsMral bMNuldl;bNþaRbeTsRkIRkCMBak;bMNulF¶n;F¶r ¬HIPC¦ nigkarTukCaemaXnUv bMNuleTVPaKIpøÚvkar dl;bNþaRbeTs EdlebþCJakñúgkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk

cMNucedArYmTI 19³ kMNt;tMrUvkarBiess rbs;bNþaRbeTsminCab;smuRTnigbNþa rdæEdnekaHtUc² ¬tamry³km μviFI Barbados nigbTbBaØtþirbs;mhasnñi)at shRbCaCatielIkTI 22¦

xix

cMNucedArYmTI 20³ edaHRsaybBaða bMNulénRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_tamry³ viFankarCati nigGnþrCatinana edIm,IeFVI[ bMNulmancIrPaBkñúgry³eBlEvg

cMNucedArYmTI 21³ shkarCamYybNþa RbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ edIm,IbegáIt nig GnuvtþyuT§saRsþsMrab;kargarsmrmü nigRbkbedayplitPaBsMrab;yuvCn

cMNucedArYmTI 22³ shkarCamYyRkum h‘un»sf edIm,Ipþl;lT§PaBGacTTYl)an »sfsarvn½þenAkñúgbNþaRbeTskMBug GPivDÆn_

cMNucedArYmTI 23³ shkarCamYyEpñk ÉkCn edIm,IeFIV[manGtßRbeyaCn_én bec©kviTüafμ I² CaBiessEpñkBt’man nig TUrKmnaKmn_

cMNucedArYmTI 24³ eq<aHeTArkGRtasUnü énplb:HBal;edaysarmIn nigRKab;min Tan;pÞúHRtwmqñaM2012

√ √

cMNucedArYmTI 25³ lubbM)at;plb:HBal; CaGviC¢manedaysarmIn nigRKab;minTan; pÞúHelImnusSCati nigesdækic© sgÁmkic© RtwmqñaM2025

√ √

xx

snÞsSn_rYméneKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa tamextþ-Rkug4

4 ]bsm<½n§ K bgðajBIviFIsa®sþKNnasnÞsSn_ KGsk. snÞsSn_rYmenH KWCamFümPaKénRKb;snÞsSn_ KGsk TaMgGs;.

xxi

snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk tameKaledA elx kUd

extá¼®kug KGsk1 KGsk2 KGsk3 KGsk4 KGsk5 KGsk6 KGsk7 KGsk9 KGsk rYm

12 PñMeBj 0/784 0/962 0/825 0/827 0/786 0/79 0/989 0/999 0/87008 kNþal 0/692 0/779 0/627 0/47 0/437 0/807 0/409 0/985 0/65120 sVayerog 0/573 0/683 0/631 0/533 0/435 0/727 0/467 0/964 0/62718 RkugRBHsIhnu 0/783 0/702 0/603 0/327 0/539 0/657 0/376 0/998 0/62323 RkugEkb 0/752 0/655 0/71 0/327 0/539 0/591 0/35 0/996 0/61507 kMBt 0/79 0/767 0/716 0/327 0/539 0/596 0/231 0/915 0/61010 RkecH 0/603 0/635 0/735 0/442 0/311 0/612 0/37 0/970 0/58503 kMBg;cam 0/643 0/722 0/555 0/387 0/326 0/735 0/34 0/897 0/57614 éRBEvg 0/39 0/611 0/534 0/332 0/399 0/795 0/459 1/000 0/56521 taEkv 0/723 0/771 0/493 0/549 0/323 0/56 0/119 0/973 0/56406 kMBg;FM 0/435 0/651 0/686 0/569 0/292 0/738 0/231 0/895 0/56204 kMBg;qñaMg 0/557 0/683 0/484 0/422 0/279 0/682 0/31 0/992 0/55101 bnÞaymanC½y 0/743 0/65 0/517 0/739 0/462 0/552 0/108 0/641 0/55105 kMBg;s<W 0/675 0/602 0/441 0/806 0/208 0/555 0/17 0/940 0/55009 ekaHkug 0/685 0/408 0/306 0/549 0/545 0/675 0/351 0/873 0/54902 )at;tMbg 0/697 0/693 0/604 0/38 0/746 0/667 0/34 0/000 0/51624 Rkugéb:lin 0/612 0/544 0/418 0/38 0/746 0/223 0/416 0/785 0/51613 RBHvihar 0/604 0/362 0/458 0/442 0/311 0/868 0/228 0/856 0/51619 sÞwgERtg 0/674 0/397 0/417 0/442 0/311 0/701 0/243 0/899 0/51115 eBaF×sat; 0/644 0/654 0/637 0/238 0/334 0/735 0/29 0/547 0/51017 esomrab 0/532 0/595 0/486 0/386 0/189 0/504 0/165 0/553 0/42622 ]tþrmanC½y 0/598 0/327 0/191 0/386 0/189 0/938 0/004 0/642 0/40911 mNÐlKIrI 0/363 0/149 0/299 0/254 0/097 0/819 0/25 0/993 0/40316 rtnKIrI 0/308 0/153 0/309 0/254 0/097 0/574 0/117 0/957 0/346

xxii

esckþIsegçb 1> raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa )ancuHhtßelxaelIesckþIRbkasshsSvtSr_ nig)anebþCJacitþcMeBaH dMeNIrkareKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_. raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa manbMNgvas;EvgnUvkarGnuvtþn_Cak;Esþg énkarGPivDÆn_rbs;CatiedayGnueLamtam eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa nigedIm,IerobcMnUv r)aykarN_ sþIBIPaBeCOnelOnéneKaledAGPivDÆn_hsSvtSr_km<úCa eGay)anCaeTogTat;. 2> RbeTskm<úCa )aneFVI[mankarrIkcMerIn eq<aHeTAsMerc)annUveKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_ b:uEnþnwgRtUvmankarxitxMRbwgERbgbEnßmeTotkñúgTsvtSr_bnþ. cab;taMgBIqñaM1999mk RbeTskm<úCa)an bnþ nigeFVI[mankarrIkcMerInsMxan;²CaeRcIn enAkñúgkarGnuvtþn_Rkbx½NÐma:RkUesdækic© EdlmanTisedA sMerc[)annUvkMenInesdækic©yUrGEgVg nigkarGPivDÆn_RbkbedaycIrPaB. RbeTskm<úCak¾)ane)aHCMhan eTAmuxKYr[cab;Garm μN_ sMedABRgwgsißrPaBneya)ay nigesdækic©. karRKb;RKgesdækic©Edlman lkçN³smRsb sißrPaBma:RkUesdækic© nigkMenInesdækic©RbkbedaycIrPaB KWCatRmUvkarcaM)ac;sMrab; karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkRbkbedaycIrPaB nigsMrab;[RbeTskm<úCasMerc)an nUveKaledAGPivDÆn_ shsSvtSr_rbs;xøÜn.

3> eTaHbICakMenInesdækic©EdlmanlkçN³efr kñúgkMLúgmYyTsvtSr_knøgmkk¾eday k¾PaB RkIRkmankarfycuHEtBI 39° eTA36° kñúgrvagqñaM1994 nig1999 b:ueNÑaH. karrIkcMerInenAtMbn; CnbTtamminTan;kMenInRbCaCn ehIyk¾manninñakarKYr[RBYy)armÖénkarekIneLIg nUvPaBK μankargareFVI enACnbT ehIynigkgVHkarrIkcMerInenAkñúgkargareRkABIvis½yksikm μ. RbsinebIninñakarknøgmkenAEt bnþ GaMgsIudg;PaBRkIRknwgfycuHdl; 28° mundMNac;qñaM2015. Cakarc,as;las; karfycuHénPaB RkIRkenH KWmin)andl;cMnucedAEdl)andak;ecj kñúgkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk[mkenARtwm19/5° enaH eT. karsMerc)ancMnucedAén KGsk nwgTamTar[mankMenInesdækic©elOnCagmun nigkat;bnßyPaB RkIRk[)aneRcInCamYykMenInenaH. 4> enAkñúgvis½ysgÁmkic© kMenInmanlkçN³yWtehIymines μ IPaB. fVIt,itEtlT§PaBTTYl)ankar Gb;rMenAfñak;bzm mankarEklMGya:geRcInkñúgTsvtSr_cugeRkayk¾eday k¾RbeTskm<úCahak;dUcCamin GacsMercnUvcMnucedArbs;xøÜn cMeBaHkarTTYlyknUvkarGb;rMfñak;mFümsikSabzmPUmienaHeLIy. 5> smPaBeynD½r enAEtCabBaðad¾cMbgkñúgEpñkCaeRcInénCIvPaBsgÁmkic© esdækic© eTaHbICa mankarebþCJacitþya:gc,as;las;rbs;raCrdæaPi)alcMeBaHkarpþl;siT§iGMNaceTA[®sþIk¾eday. Cakarqab; eBkkñúgkarvaytMél faetIeyIgnwgGacsMerc)annUvcMnucedAenaHEdrb¤eT. m:üageTotbBaðaRbQmman lkçN³KYreGaykt;sMKal; ebIeTaHCamankarb®Ba¢abnUv bBaðaeynD½rnaeBlfμ I²enHenAkñúgdMeNIrkar eKalneya)ay ehIykarpøas;bþÚr\riyabT nigGakb,kiriya EdlcaM)ac;kñúgkarsMerc)annUvcMnucedATaMg enaHmundMNac;qñaM2015 k¾eday.

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6> sßanPaBsuxPaB nigGnam½yrbs;RbCaCnmYycMnYnFMenAEtmankMritminGacTTYlyk)an. GRtamrNPaBkumarGayueRkam 5qñaM TMngCaekIneLIgbnþicenAkñúgkMLúgTsvtSr_eRkayenH. RbeTs km<úCa minTMngCaGacsMercnUvcMnucedArbs;xøÜn kñúgkarkat;bnßynUvmrNPaBkumarGayueRkam 5qñaM [enA Rtwm 65nak; kñúgcMeNamkumar 1000nak; mundMNac;qñaM2015 enaH. 7> kñúgry³eBlbu:n μanqñaMfμI²enH RbeTskm<úCarIkcMerInenAmankMritenAeLIy kñúgkarkat;bnßy nUvmrNPaBmata. tamTinñn½yf μ I²bMput cab;BIBak;kNþalTsvtSr_qñaM1990 )anbgðajnUvpleFob mrNPaBmatax<s;xøaMgKW 437nak; kñúgkMeNItkUn 100000nak;. manKMlatKYreGaykt;sMKal;rvag kMritTaMgenH nigcMnucedAén KGsk EdlmanTisedAkat;bnßypleFobmrNPaBmata[cuHmkdl; 140nak; kñúgkMeNItkUn 100000nak; enAmundMNac;qñaM2015. 8> GRtaeRbva:Lg;emeraKeGds_ kñúgcMeNamRbCaCneBjv½yGayu 15-49qñaM )anfycuHBI 3/3° mk2/6° rvagqñaM1997 nigqñaM2002. kareFVIcMeNaleTAmuxeyagtamninñakarknøgmk )an bgðajfa RbeTskm<úCanwgsMerccMnucedA KGsk Edl)ankMNt;Rtwm 1/8° enAqñaM2015. k¾dUcCakñúg EpñkdéTeTotenAkñúgÉksarenHEdr kareFVIcMeNaleyagtamninñakarknøgmk KYrEtmankarRbugRby½tñ edaysarktþaCaeRcInGacnwgmankarpøas;bþÚrdUcCa CIvitrbs;GñkEdlqøgemeraKeGds_ nigTMrg; Gakb,kiriyarbs;eK. 9> FnFanFm μCatikm<úCa kMBugEtmanPaBricrwlenAkñúgel,ÓnmYyy:agelOn. KRmbéRBeQI)an Føak;cuHrhUtdl; 58/7° énépÞdIsrubrbs;km<úCa enAmundMNac;qñaM1997 eTaHbICa mankardaMedImeQICa fμ IrhUtdl; 11125hikta rvagqñaM1985 nigqñaM2002 k¾eday. karfycuHénKRmbéRBeQIrvag TsvtSr_qñaM1960 nigqñaM1997 KWmancMnYnCit 2lanhikta EdltMNag[GRtafycuHRbEhlCaknøH PaKrykñúgmYyqñaM. enARbeTskm<úCa GRtaenHnwgFøak;mkenAeRkamcMnucedA KGsk EdlRtUvCa 60° BIqñaM2005 rhUtdl;qñaM2015.

10> edaysarmInpþl;nUvplb:HBal;CaGviC¢mandl;CIvPaBrs;enArbs;GñkCnbT kare)assMGat mIn KWCaGaTiPaBmYykñúgcMeNamGaTiPaBcMbg²sMrab;karsþar nigGPivDÆn_RbeTs. eTaHbICamankar fycuHnUvcMnYnCnsIuvilrgeRKaHedaysarmInk¾eday k¾enAEtmanCnsuIvilrab;rynak;RtUv)anrgeRKaHfñak; Caerogral;qñaM ehIyTaMgenHCabnÞúkd¾F¶n;taMgBIGtItkal k¾dUcCaeTAGnaKt. ebIsinCakm<úCaRtUvEt bMeBjtamcMNucedAEdl)ankMNt; enaHRtUvEtmankarebþCJaya:gmutmaM nigry³eBlEvgBIsMNak;raC rdæaPi)al GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al nigm©as;CMnYyTaMgLay. 11> kñúgcMeNamextþnImYy² manPaBxusKñaKYreGaykt;sMKal;cMeBaHPaBeCOnelOn eq<aHeTArk cMnucedA KGsk. sßanPaBmanlkçN³xusEbøkKñaBIeKaledAmYyeTAeKaledAmYyeTot. elIsBIenH eTot tMbn;eqñr nigbNþaextþPaKxagekIt EdlmanRBMRbTl;Cab;RbeTsevotNam Caextþ¼Rkug Edlsßit enAcMNat;fñak;l¥RbesIr.

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12> bBaðaRbQmTImYykñúgkarGPivDÆn_ KWkarrkSa[)annUvGRtakMenInesdækic©x<s; edIm,IbegáIt kargareFVI nig»kasrkR)ak;cMnUlsMrab;RbCaCn EdlmancMnYnkan;EtekIneLIg. BaNiC¢km μCaktþamYy RbkbedayskþanuBl edIm,I[køayeTACak,alma:sIunénkMenInenH edaysarEtmankarebIkTUlaynUv »kasTIpSarkñúgesdækic©BiPBelakénsklPavUbnIykmμ. BaNiC¢kmμk¾GacedIrtYnaMmuxeKenAkñúgkarpþÜc epþImkMENTMrg; nigEkERbeKalneya)ay enAkñúgvis½ydéTeTotrYmman kMEnTMrg;c,ab;edIm,IRsbeTAtam niyamGnþrCati nigedIm,IFana[)annUvbriyakasEdlmanlkçN³GMeNaypldl;karvinieyaKTunbreTs kMEnTMrg;vis½ysaFarN³ edIm,Ikat;bnßynUvnItiviFIrdæ)alEdlmincaM)ac; nigGMeBIBukrlYy kMEnTMrg;vis½y Gb;rM edIm,IbNþúHbNþalyuvCnenAkñúgvis½yepSg²eTot EdlRbeTskm<úCaman]tþmPaBeRbobeFob ehIynigkarvinieyaKTunkñúgehdæarcnasm<½n§CnbT nigTIRkugedIm,Ikat;bnßycMNayRbtibtþi sMrab;vis½y ÉkCn nigedIm,I[manlkçN³RbkYtRbECgCagmun.

13> bBaðaRbQmTIBIrkñúgkarGPivDÆn_ KWkarbnþGnuvtþeTAtamyuT§saRsþkMenInesdækic© Edlnwg pþl;plRbeyaCn_dl;RbCaCnkm<úCaTaMgGs;. eyIgRtUvykcitþTukdak;bEnßmeTot dl;eKalneya)ay kMenInesdækic©KaMRTdl;GñkRkIRk tamry³karvinieyaKTunenAkñúgvis½ynana EdlmanGñkRkIRkcUlrYmeRcIn nigGacrkkargarEdlmannirnþrPaB. elIsBIenHeTAeTot kMenInesdækic©KYrEt)anbegáIncMNUlfvikardæ EdlmYyEpñkénR)ak;cMnUlenH KYrEtRtUv)anEbgEckeTA[kmμviFIkarBarEpñksgÁm sMrab;RbCaCnTaMg LayNaEdlBMuman»kasTTYl)anBIkMeNInesdækic©enaH.

14> kareRbIR)as;RbkbedayRbsiT§PaBnUvCMnYyGPivDÆn_pøÚvkar (ODA) KWCabBaðaBhuvis½y mYy edayeyageTAelIvis½yCaeRcInenAkñúgsgÁm. smtßPaBrbs;RbeTskm<úCaenAmankMrit kñúgkarpþl; hirBaØb,Tandl;km μviFIsaFarN³ EdlcaM)ac;edIm,IbegáInsnÞúHkarGPivDÆn_. fvikasaFarN³srubman tictYc ehIycMEnkEdlEbgEcksMrab;kmμviFIGPivDÆn_mankMritsþÚcesþIg ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgtMrUvkar rbs;RbCaCnEdlmancMnYnkan;EteRcIn ehIynwgKMlatEdlRtUvbMeBj[)anmundMNac;qñaM2015 enaH. dUecñH CMnYyGPivDÆn_pøÚvkarEdlmankMriteRcInCag 100° énfvikaCatienaH nwgRtUvedIrtYcMbg Rbsin RbeTskm<úCaRtUvkarsMerc KGsk rbs;xøÜn[)an. CMnYyEdlmanRbsiT§PaB nig)ankMnt;cMnucedA l¥Cagmun nigsRmbeTAtamGaTiPaBrbs;Cati KWCal½kçx½NÐd¾sMxan;bMputsMrab;RbeTskm<úCaedIm,IsMerc [)annUvcMnucedArbs;xøÜn. m©as;CMnYymankarTTYlxusRtUvd¾cMbgkñúgkarCYyraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa[sMerc )annUveKaledArbs;xøÜn. raCrdæaPi)alnwgmanesckþIrIkray kñúgkarcUlrYmCamYyshKmn_GnþrCati sMrab;eCaKC½yTaMgenH ehIyk¾CaGñkcUlrYmTTYlxusRtUvpgEdrkñúgkrNIEdlmankarbraC½y.

15> karsMerc)annUvcMnucedA KGsk KWTMngCaRtUv)anbegIánsnÞúHtamry³karbegáInkarcUlrYmBI sMNak;PaKIBak;B½n§CaeRcInenAkñúgdMeNIrkarGPivDÆn_ nigkarcUlrYmkan;EteRcInkñúgdMeNIrkareFVIkarsMerc citþdUcCa dMeNIrkarRbCaFibetyüPavUbnIykmμ. ]TahrN_ karcUlrYmBIsMNak;matabitakan;EteRcIn eLIgkñúgkarRKb;RKgsalaeron tamry³smaKmmatabitasisS nigRKUbeRgonEdleFVI[manskþanuBl

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kñúgkarbegáInRbsiT§PaBénkareRbIR)as;FnFan KuNPaBénkarGb;rM ehIyniglT§plénkarGb;rMpgEdr. mUlehtuenHk¾GacykeTAeRbICamYyesvaEfTaMsuxPaBbzm nigkarRKb;RKgFnFanFmμCati tamry³ KMnitpþÜcepþImRKb;RKgedayEp¥kelIshKmn_pgEdr. CaTUeTAdMeNIrkarRbkbedayRbsiT§PaBénvimCÄkar Edl)aneFVI[Gñkpþl;esvaxiteTACitGñkeRbIR)as; CaehtueFVI[manskþanuBl kñúgkarbegáInnUvtMlaPaB RbsiT§PaB nigKuNPaBénesvaEdl)anpþl;.

16> karBRgwgsßab½nRtUvEtedaHRsaybBaðabI EdleFVI[raMgsÞHdl;karsMerc KGsk eBalKW³ (i) GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil EdlmanRbsiT§PaBmancMnYnticeBk (ii)karsRmbsRmYl nigkarRKb;RKgCamYy vis½ysaFarN³enAmanlkçN³Tn;exSay nig (iii) smtßPaBFnFanmnusSenAmankMrit.

17> ebIeTaHbICamanGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)alCatiCaeRcIn manskmμPaBsRsak;sRsaMenAkñúg vis½ymYycMnYnFMEdlpþl;viPaKTandl;karGPivDÆn_enAmUldæank¾eday k¾eyIgRtUvkarEklMGnUvkarbMeBj kargarrbs;BYkeKkñúgEpñkRbsiT§PaB nigplitPaBpgEdr. elIsBIenH vis½yÉkCnBMusUvmanskmμPaB eRcIneLIy ehIymankarRbmUlpþúMenAkñúgRbtibtþikareRkApøÚvkar EdlmanRTg;RTaytUc elIkElgEt ]sSahkm μkat;edr.

18> karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkRbkbedayRbsiT§PaB TamTar[mankarGnuvtþn_ nigkarRbtibtþi km μviFI nigKMeragTaMgLay EdltMrg;eq<aHeTArkkarEklMGCIvPaBrs;enArbs;RbCaCnRkIRkbMput. enAkñúg bribTmYyEdlFnFanmnusS ehIysmtßPaBvis½ysaFarN³enAmankMrit karTamTarx<s; ehIyCYnkal mankarExVgKMnitKña nigtMrUvkarrbs;m©as;CMnYyGac[xUcRbeyaCn_ edayeFVI[mankarfycuHnUvFnFan EdlecjBIkarGnuvtþn_skm μPaBGPivDÆn_Cak;Esþg. bBaðaRbQmTImYyrbs;raCrdæaPi)al KWRtUvEklMG kareFVIEpnkaryuT§saRsþkñúgkareRbIR)as;nUvFnFanrbs;xøÜn nigkarelIkkMBs;karsMrbsMrYl rvagédKU nana. bBaðaRbQmTIBIr KWkarbegáItnUvRbB½n§RbkbedayRbsiT§PaBmYYy sMrab;tamdan nigvaytMél eTAelIeKalneya)ay nigkm μviFInana.

19> mantMrUvkarrYmkñúgkareFVIeGayRbesIreLIgnUvsmtßPaBmnusS edIm,IbegáInFnFansMrab;eRbI kñúgkarsMerc[)annUv KGsk. elIsBIenHeTot enAkñúgry³eBlyUrGEgVg karbegáInCMnaj nigkMritGb;rM rbs;RbCaCn nwgkøayCakarcaM)ac;edIm,IeFVIeGayRbeTssßitenAelImaKa’kMenIn EdlmanlkçN³rwgmaM nigcMruHCagmun.

20> vismPaBmanTMrg;Ebøk²BIKñaenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa. vismPaBeynD½rKYr[kt;sMKal;enAkñúg vis½yesdækic© sgÁmkic© nigneya)ay EdlRtUv)anKUsbBa¢ak;enAkñúgkarBiPakSasþIGMBI KGsk3. vismPaBk¾manlkçN³KYreGaykt;sMKal;Edr rvagshKmn_CnbT nigTIRkug¼RbCMuCn CaBiessenA TIRkugPñMeBj. CIvPaBrs;enA nig»kasrkR)ak;cMnUlenATIRkug CaTUeTAmankMritx<s;eRcInCagenAtMbn; CnbT. vismPaBk¾manlkçN³KYreGaykt;sMKal;pgEdrenAtMbn;CnbT CaFmμtaenAtMbn;NaEdlman CnCatiPaKticRbmUlpþúM. kareFVI[manPaBeCOnelOneq<aHeTArkcMnucedA KGsk kñúgTsvtSr_eRkayenH

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TamTarbegáInkarvinieyaKTun [)aneRcInEfmeTotenAkñúgFnFanrUbvnþ½ nigFnFanmnusSEdltMrg;eq<aHeTA rktMbn;NaEdlmanlkçN³Gn;fyCagtMbn;déT.

21> kMenInRbCaCnx<s;man\T§iBleTAelI KGsk TaMgGs; ehIyk¾bgðajeGayeXIjCabBaða RbQmd¾FMmYysMrab;RbeTskm<úCapgEdr. eKalneya)ayRbCaCnRbkbedayRbsiT§PaBmYy Edl RsbeTAtambribTsgÁm nigvb,Fm’km<úCa ehIyedaHRsaybBaðadUcCa karGb;rM®sþI niglT§PaBTTYl)an karBnüarkMeNIt KWCatRmUvkarsMrab;km<úCa edIm,ITb;sáat;ninñakarénPaBricrwlFnFan nigPaBRkIRk.

22> ebIeTaHbICaeyIgRtUvCMnHeTAnwgbBaðaRbQmFM² enATsvtSr_eRkayenHk¾eday k¾km<úCaman sgÇwmfanwgGacsMerc)annUvcMnucedA KGs rbs;xøÜn)anl¥Edr. CaelIkTImYy enAkñúgry³eBlCitbI TsvtSr_ CamYykarRtLb;mkvijnUvsnþiPaB nigkarsþarsißrPaBm:aRkUesdækic© bnÞab;BIkare)aHeqñat qñaM 1993 RbeTskm<úCabc©úb,nñman»kaskñúgkareFVIkMEnTMrg;y:ageRcIn edIm,IsMerc)anRKb;EpñkTaMgGs; énCIvPaBesdækic© nigsgÁmkic©. Parkic©manTMhMFMeFg ehIynwgRtUvkarebþCJacitþy:agmWugm:at;BIPaKI TaMgGs; edIm,IeFVIkarsRmbsRmYlCamYyTisedArYménkarrIkcMerIneq<aHeTArkcMnucedA KGsk. 23> karvas;EvgPaBeCOnelOneq<aHeTA KGsk TamTar[manRbB½n§tamdan nigvaytMél RbkbedayRbsiT§PaB EdlmanenAkñúgRbB½n§sßab½nd¾smRsbmYy. kartamdankmμviFI nigKMeragrbs; vis½ynana nwgRtUvsßitenAeRkamkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;RksYgBak;B½n§ nigsßab½nGnuvtþdéTeTot. RksYg Bak;B½n§TaMgenaH nwgepþatkarykcitþTukdak;elIbNþasUcnakrFnFan sUcnakrdMeNIrkar nigsUcnakr lT§pl. Parkic©cMbgrbs;GKÁelxaFikardæan énRkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_sgÁmkic© nigRkumbec©keTsEdlCa GgÁPaBbec©keTstamdan nigviPaKPaBRkIRk KWRtUvepþatkarykcitþTukdak;elIkartamdan nigkarvay tMélplb:HBal;eGaymanRbsiT§PaB. edIm,IsMerc)ankarÉkPaBKña sßab½nTaMgGs;nwgRtUvedIrtYCaédKU enAkñúgRbB½n§enH. karTTYlxusRtUvrYmenAkMrittak;EtgeKalneya)ay sßitenAelIRkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_ sgÁmkic©. 24> naeBlbc©úb,nñ skmμPaBCaeRcInkñúgkartamdan nigvaytMélkMBugRtUv)andMeNIrkareday minmankarsRmbsRmYll¥ nigBt’manEdl)anplitmanlkçN³ray)a:yenAtambNþasßab½nrdæ nigPaKI Bak;B½n§epSg²eTot. edIm,IedaHRsaysßanPaBenH raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa nwgeFVIsmahrNkm μénkartam dan KGsk CamYynwgRbB½n§tamdan nigvaytMélplb:HBal;énPaBRkIRkmYy. smasFatud¾sMxan; énRbB½n§enH CaRbB½n§Bt’manEdlgayRsYleRbI edIm,ICYysMrYldl;karrkSaTuk karRKb;RKg nigkar pSBVpSayBt’man. km<úCa)ansMercbegáItRbB½n§RKb;RKgBt’manPaBRkIRk (PMIS) EdlmanTMrg;CaXøaMg Tinñn½yCatimYy (National Data Warehouse) ehIynwgRtUvdak;bBa©ÚlKña[)anl¥CamYynwgrcnasm<½n§ fñak;CatiEdlmanRsab;.

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bBa¢IGkSrkat; ADB FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasIu ANC karBinitüépÞeBaHmuneBlsMral ARV fñaMBüa)alRbqaMgnwgemeraKeGds_ ASEAN smaKmRbCaCatiGasIuGeKñy_ BMC mCÄmNÐlRKb;RKgfvika BMI snÞsSn_kMBs; nigma:s;maDénxøÜnmnusS BSS karGegáttamdankarRbRBwtþ CCA karvaytMélRbeTsrYm CDHS GegátRbCasaRsþ nigsuxPaBkm<úCa CEDAW ktiþkasBaØalubbM)at;ral;TMrg;énkarerIseGIgcMeBaH®sþI CENAT mCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;CMgWrebg nighg;sin CFR GRtamrNPaB CG karRbCMuBieRKaHeyabl; CHDR r)aykarN_GPivDÆn_mnusSkm<úCa CMAA GaCJaFrkm<úCaRKb;RKgskm μPaBmIn nigse®gÁaHCnBikar CMAC mCÄmNÐlkMcat;mInkm<úCa CMDGs eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa rW KGsk CMVIS RbB½n§Bt’manCnrgeRKaHedaysarmInenAkm<úCa CNCW RkumRbwkSaCati®sþIkm<úCa CNIP EpnkarvinieyaKGaharUbtßmÖkm<úCa CNM/NMC mCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;CMgWRKuncaj; CPMAS RbB½n§tamdan nigviPaKPaBRkIRkkm<úCa CPMIS RbB½n§RKb;RKgBt’manPaBRkIRkkm<úCa CRC kak)aTRkhmkm<úCa CSD RkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_sgÁmkic© CSES Gegátesdækic©-sgÁmkic©km<úCa CSOs GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilkm<úCa CSWs GñkrksIupøÚvePT DAC karGPivDÆn_ nigshRbtibtþikar DAFF mnÞIrksikmμ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT

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D(H)F CMgWRKunQam¼CMgWRKunQamF¶n;F¶r DOTS karBüa)aledaymankarRtYtBinitüpÞal; DPT xan;søak; k¥kman; ettaNUs

EFA karGb;rMsMrab;TaMgGs;Kña EMIS RbB½n§Bt’manRKb;RKgkarGb;rM ESI sßiti nigsUcnakrGb;rM ESP EpnkaryuT§saRsþGb;rM ESSP km μviFIKaMRTvis½yGb;rM FAO GgÁkares,ógGahar nigksikm μénkmμviFIGPivDÆn_shRbCaCati FDI karvinieyaKTunbreTs FPL ExSbnÞat;PaBRkIRkmðÚbGahar FYMAP Epnkarskm μPaBmInsMrab;ry³eBl 5qñaM GAP Epnkarskm μPaBGPi)alkic© GDI snÞsSn_GPivDÆn_eynD½r GDP plitplkñúgRsuksrub GNI cMNUlCatisrub GNP plitplCatisrub GSCSD GKÁelxaFikardæanénRkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_sgÁmkic© GSNA GKÁelxaFikardæanénrdæsPaCati GSP RbB½n§GnueRKaHBn§ GTZ shRbtibtþikarbec©keTsGalWøm:g; HALO Trust GgÁkarkm<úCaRtasþ HC mNÐlsuxPaB HDI snÞsSn_GPivDÆn_mnusS HI GgÁkarCnBikarGnþrCati HIV/AIDS emeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_ HP bu:sþ×suxPaB HPI snÞsSn_PaBRkIRkrbs;mnusS HSS GegáttamdanGRtaeRbv:aLg;emeraKeGds_ ICORC KN³kmμaFikarGnþrCatisþIBIkarksagkm<úCaeLIgvij

ICT Bt’man nigbec©kviTüaTMnak;TMng

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xxxi

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1

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esckþIRbkasshsSvtSr_EdlraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa CahtßelxIenaH CaÉksarmYyEdlmansar³ sMxan;éRkElg. esckþIRbkasenH bBa¢ak;nUvkarbþÚrpþac;rbs;RbeTskm<úCakñúgkarsMerc[)annUveKaledA GPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_ ¬KGs¦. KGs TaMgenH )anepþatkarykcitþTukdak; nigkic©xitxMRbwgERbg kñúgkar sMerc[)annUvlT§plCaKnøwHGb,brmamYycMnYn. raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa mankarbþÚrpþac;y:agc,as;las;kñúg karedIrtYCaGñkdwknaM nigGñksRmbsRmYlkñúgkarsMerc [)annUveKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa (KGsk). PaKIBak;B½n§xagkarGPivDÆn_TaMgGs;enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCarYmTaMg tMNagrbs;raCrdæaPi)al sgÁmsIuvil EpñkÉkCn ehIynigshKmn_pþl;CMnYy mankarbþÚrpþac;kñúgkareFVIkarrYmKñaedIm,IQaneq<aH eTArk KGs.

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r)aykarN_sþIBIPaBeCOnelOnén KGsk qñaM2003 )anbegáItnUvTidæPaBfμ I²CaeRcIn. TImYy ehIyEdlsMxan;CageKbMputenaH KWr)aykarN_enHRtUv)anerobcMeRkamkardwknaM rbs;RkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_ sgÁmkic©edaymankarBieRKaHeyabl;CamYynwgPaKIBak;B½n§GPivDÆn_sMxan;²mYycMnYn. TIBIr r)aykarN_ enH)anBak;B½n§eTAnwgmUldæanIykmμén KGs Edl\LÚvenHehAfa KGsk edIm,IqøúHbBa©aMgGMBIkarBitenA km<úCa[)anRbesIrCagmun. TIbI r)aykarN_enH )anpþl;nUvkarvinicä½ysIuCMerACagmun GMBIsßanPaBrbs; RbeTs. TIbYn eKalneya)ay nigkm μviFIcMbg² EdlrYmcMEnkdl; KGsk RtUv)ankMnt; nigBiBN’na. TIR)aM r)aykarN_enH )ankMnt;nUvbBaðacMbgmYycMnYnenAkñúgkarGnuvtþn_ KGsk ehIyk¾)andak;ecjnUv Rkbx½NÐkargar edIm,ICMnHnUvbBaðaRbQmnana nigsMerc[)annUveKaledATaMgenaH. TIR)aMmYy r)aykarN_enH k¾)anKUsbBa¢ak;GMBIkarpSarP¢ab; rvagTMnak;TMngy:agsMxan;kñúgcMeNam KGsk TaMg Lay. CacugeRkay r)aykarN_enH bgðajBIEpnkartMrg;TissMrab;[mankarvaytMél nigtamdan RbkbedayRbsiT§PaBénPaBeCOnelOnelI KGsk.

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2

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3

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4

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5 CMerOnTUeTAnUvRbCaraRsþkm<úCa qñaM1998³ r)aykarN_viPaKlT§plCMerOnTI6³ kar)a:n;sμanRbCaCn qñaM2001-2021. viC¢asßanCatisßiti RksYgEpnkar PñMeBj.

5

eynD½r nigkarminpþl;siTi§GMNacdl;®sþI mrNPaBkumar suxPaBTn;exSayrbs;mþay emeraKeGds_¼ CMgWeGds_ nigCMgWqøgdéTeTot nigtMrUvkar[mancIrPaBxagbrisßan edayrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgTwks¥atpgEdr. eKalneya)ay nigkm μviFIsMxan;²bc©úb,nñ EdlRbeTskm<úCakMBugGnuvtþn_ ehIyRtUv)andak; bBa©ÚleTAkñúgr)aykarN_ KGsk rYmcMENkkñúgkarsMerc)annUvsiT§imnusS CaBiessbgðajnUvPaBsIu sgVak;KñarvagviFankarEdlRtUv)andak;ecj eTAnwgxøwmsarénesckþIebþCJacitþrbs;km<úCa cMeBaHsiT§imnusS GnþrCati. kic©xitxMRbwgERbgrbs;raCrdæaPi)al edIm,IbMeBjcMNucedA KGsk )ankøayeTACaCMhand¾ sMxan; eq<aHeTArkkarbMeBjnUvkatBVkic©siT§imnusSGnþrCatimYycMnYn. Epnkarskm μPaBGPi)alkic©RtUv)antak;EtgeLIg tamry³karBiPakSafñak;Cati CabnþbnÞab; ehIyRtUv)anGnum½tenAExmIna qñaM2001. EpnkarenHEdledIrtYCaEpnkartMrg;Tisrbs;raCrdæaPi)al edIm,ICamKÁúeTsk_ nigkarsRmbsRmYlKMnitpþÜcepþImkMEnTMrg;GPi)alkic©cMbgnana KWekþabelIEpñkCa GaTiPaBcMnYnR)aMbIrYmman ¬1¦kMEnTMrg;c,ab; nigtulakar ¬2¦kMEnTMrg;rdæ)al nigvishmCÄkar ¬3¦vimCÄkar nigGPi)alkic©mUldæan ¬4¦kMEnTMrg;hirBaØvtßúsaFarN³ ¬5¦karRbqaMgGMeBIBukrlYy ¬6¦smFm’eynD½r ¬7¦karrMsayT½B nigkMEnTMrg;kgkMlaMgRbdab;GavuF nig¬8¦kMEnTMrg;énkarRKb;RKg FnFanFm μCati ¬dI éRBeQI nigClpl¦. KMnitpþÜcepþImPaKeRcInEdl)aneRCIserIseFVICaGaTiPaBdMbUg enaHRtUv)anbBa©b;sBVRKb; ehIyKMnitpþÜcepþImry³eBlmFümk¾kMBugdMeNIrkareTAmuxEdr. EpnkarenH RtUv)aneFVIeGaymanbc©úb,nñPaB nigkt;RtanUvPaBeCOnelOn bnÞab;BIry³eBlBIrqñaMénkarGnuvtþn_ ehIy dak;ecjnUvGaTiPaBnana sMrab;ry³eBlbIqñaMbnÞab;. EpnkarenHk¾kMBugEtRtUv)aneKBRgIk edayyk citþTukdak;elIkic©GPivDÆn_sgÁm[)ankan;EtRbesIrCagmun. edIm,I[raCrdæaPi)al)anCitsñiT§CamYynwgRbCaCnCagmunenaH raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa)ane)aHCMhan dMbUgeq<aHeTAkareFVIvimCÄkar eday)andak;ecjnUvc,ab;CamUldæansMxan;BIr KWc,ab;sþIBIvimCÄkar nigkar e)aHeqñatXuM¼sgáat; qñaM2001. karerobcMRbkbedayeCaKC½yénkare)aHeqñaHXuM¼sgáat; qñaM2002 ehIykare)aHeqñatfñak;Cati enAExkkáda qñaM2003 KWCasakSIbBa¢ak;BIeKalbMNgrbs;km<úCa kñúgkar ksagnUvsgÁmRbCaFibetyüBitR)akd. TidæPaBCaKnøwHénGPi)alkic© EdlsMxan;cMeBaHkarsMerc)annUv KGsk KWkarcUlrYmBIRKb;PaKI Bak;B½n§kñúgTidæPaBepSg² énkartak;Etg nigkarGnuvtþn_eKalneya)ay. karelIkkMBs;karcUlrYm KWman lkçN³sMxan;xøaMgNas;cMeBaHkareFVIeGayRbesIreLIgnUvtMlaPaB nigkarTTYlxusRtUv edayFanaeGay )anPaBCam©as;enAfñak;mUldæan nigkarKaMRTtamry³karcUlrYm[)ankuHkr nigskm μBIsMNak;RbCaCn enAkñúgdMeNIrkarGPivDÆn_. dMeNIrkarénkMeNInkarcUlrYmrbs;RbCaCn man\T§iBlCasarv½nþ nigyUr GEgVgCagmun edIm,Ieq<aHeTAsMerc KGsk. dMeNIrkarenH k¾)anCMruj[mankarcUlrYmBIRbCaCneRcIn Cagmun elIkkMBs;nUvkaryl;dwgrbs;RbCaCn sþIGMBIsiT§iesdækic©-sgÁmkic© ehIyk¾)ancUlrYmviPaKTan dl;karcak;RKwHéndMeNIrkarlT§iRbCaFibetyüenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCapgEdr.

6

dMeNIrkarRbkbedayRbsiT§PaBénvimCÄkar EdleFVI[Gñkpþl;esvakmμ)anxiteTACitGñkeRbI R)as;CagmunenaH KWkarbegáInnUvtMlaPaBplitPaB nigKuNPaBénesvakm μEdl)anpþl;. eTaHbIy:agNa k¾eday edIm,I[karGnuvtþn_vimCÄkarRbkbedayRbsiT§PaB GacnwgcUlrYmcMENkKYr[kt;sMKal;dl;kar sMerc)annUv KGsk enaH KWeyIgRtUveFVIkaredaHRsayeTAelIbBaðaCasarvnþ½mYycMnYn enAkñúgvis½yepSg² Kña. CaBiesstMrUveGaymanyuT§saRsþpÞal;xøÜnc,as;las; nigrlUn sMrab;karGnuvtþn_kMEnTMrg;vimCÄkar nana edayrab;bBa©ÚlTaMgkarcat;taMgnUvmuxgar nigtYnaTICak;lak;eTA[XuM¼sgáat; nigrdæ)altamlMdab; fñak;epSg²Kña kñúgkarpþl;esvakm μkarGnuvtþn_ edaymanR)ak;cMNUlRsbKña rcnasm<½n§Gcié®nþy_ nig ynþkarsMrab;karKaMRT nigRtYtBinitüeTAelIRkumRbwkSaXMu¼sgaát; nigsRmbsRmYlKMnitpþÜtepþImnana kñúg cMeNamRksYgTaMgLay edIm,IeFVIvishmCÄkar énkarpþl;esvakmμenAkñúgkMritmYyd¾smRsb. karBRgwgsßab½nsaFarN³ edIm,Ipþl;lT§plnana KWminRtwmEtTamTar[mankarksagsmtßPaB mnusSb:ueNÑaHeT EfmTaMgRtUvedaHRsaykarerobcMnUvRbB½n§elIkTwkcitþCasarvnþ½ edIm,ICMruj[esvakm μ sIuvileFVIkareRCIserIs nigrkSaTuknUvm®nþIEdlmansmtßPaBx<s;. dUecñHkarEklMGR)ak;ebovtSr_ nig kargarvis½ysaFarN³ enAkñúgbribTénRkbx½NÐkargar karTTYlxusRtUvCasaFarN³ KWmansar³sMxan; xøaMgNas;cMeBaHkarsMerc KGsk. sßab½nnItibBaØtiþ nigtulakarenAmanPaBTn;exSayenAeLIy ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgsßab½nRbtibtþi. CalT§pl karRtYtBinitü nigtulüPaBExSTTwgKWenAmankMrit. karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;sßab½nTaMgBIrenHRtUv EtBRgwg edIm,IFanakarbMeBjnUvtYnaTI[)anRtwmRtUv enAkñúgkartak;EtgeKalneya)ay nigenAkñúg skmμPaBtamdan nigkarGnuvtþn_epSg². sßab½nraCrdæaPi)alEdlmandMeNIrkar manRbsiT§PaB man karTTYlxusRtUv nigsgÁmsIuvild¾rs;revIkmansar³sMxan;Nas; kñúgkarsMercnUvlT§plénkic©GPivDÆn_ Edl)anqøúHbBa©aMgenAkñúg KGsk. 1>3 bBaðaRbQm nigkarGnuvtþn_énkic©GPivDÆn_esdækic©sgÁmkic©kñúgry³eBlmYyTsvtSr_mun qñaM1990 CaqñaMTI1énr)aykarN_GPivDÆn_mnusS snÞsSn_énkarGPivDÆn_mnusSenAkm<úCabgðaj RtwmEt 0/512 b:ueNÑaHEdleFIV[RbeTsenHsßitenAkñúglMdab; {karGPivDÆn_mnusSkMritTab}. enAqñaM 2001 snÞsSn_GPivDÆn_mnusSrbs;km<úCamankMrit 0/556 )aneFVI[km<úCaeLIgmYykMriteTAdl;lMdab; :karGPivDÆn_mnusSkMritmFüm : ehIy)aneFVI[RbeTskm<úCasßitenAkñúgcMNat;fñak;TI 130 kñúgcMeNam RbeTscMnYn 175. enH)ansMEdg[eXIjnUvkarRbwgERbgrbs;raCrdæaPi)alenAkñúgkarGPivDÆn_sgÁm. eTaHbICay:agNak¾eday PaBRkIRkenARbeTskm<úCaenAEtCabBaða EdlRtUvykcitþTukdak;enAeLIy. RbCaCnkm<úCa 36° rs;enAeRkamExSbnÞat;PaBRkIRkfñak;Cati. PaBRkIRkenAkm<úCabNþalmkBIktþaCa eRcInrYmman kMenInRbCaCnx<s; kgVHkalanuvtþPaB smtßPaBenAmankMrit Gsnþisux PaBÉeka nig PaBgayrgeRKaH.

7

1>3>1 kMenInesdækic© rUbmnþrbs;raCrdæaPi)al sMrab;[mankarRKb;RKgesdækic©d¾smRsbmYy KWCakarKYbpSMd¾RbesIr rvageKalneya)aysißrPaBma:RkUesdækic© CamYynwgkMEnTMrg;EpñkmIRkUesdækic©. cab;taMgBIqñaM1999 RbeTskm<úCa)anGnuvtþ nigeFVI[manPaBeCOnelOnd¾sMxan; enAkñúgkarGnuvtþn_Rkbx½NÐma:RkUesdækic© EdlsMedAsMerc[)an nUvkMenInesdækic©ry³eBlEvgRbkbedaysmFm’ nigkarGPivDÆn_Rbkbeday cIrPaB. Rkbx½NÐkargarenH epþatCasMxan;eTAelIkarrkSa[)ansißrPaBm:aRkUesdækic© BRgwgsßab½n FnaKar nighirBaØvtßú karGnuvtþn_ viFankarkMEnTMrg;hirBaØvtßú edayFana[mankarRKb;RKgd¾smRsbeTA elIsm,tþisaFarN³ karbegáInvinieyaKsaFarN³ edIm,IGPivDÆn_ehdæarcnasm<½n§rUbvnþ½ nigsgÁm nig FnFanmnusS. km<úCa)ane)aHCMhanKYr[kt;sMKal; enAkñúgkarBRgwgsißrPaBneya)ay nigesdækic© nigkareFVIsmahrNkmμeTAkñúgshKmn_GnþrCati. cab;taMgBImankarbegáItraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa kñúgqñaM1993 rhUtdl;qñaM2002 kMenInplitpl srubkñúgRsukCamFümKWman 5/5°. ksikmμmancMnYn 33/4° énplitplkñúgRsuksrub ehIyk¾)an pþl;kargar 70/7° énkMlaMgBlkmμ. vis½yenHkMBugEtmankarrIkcMerInCamFüm 3/6° k¾b:uEnþ Tinñpl ksikm μmankarERbRbYly:ageRcIn BImYyqñaMeTAmYyqñaM edayqøúHbBa©aMg[eXIjnUvkarvinieyaKminRKb;RKan; enAkñúgvis½yenH kareFVIGaCIvkmμhYsehtuelIFnFanFmμCati nigl½kçx½NÐGakasFatuminGMeNaypl. vis½y]sSahkmμ)ankøayeTACak,alma:sIunénkMenInd¾cMbg edaymankMeNInkñúgmYyqñaM²Ca mFüm 17/7°. vis½yenHmanEpñkkmμnþsal ¬78/5°¦ nigEpñksMNg; ¬18/8°¦. EpñkvaynP½NÐ nigsMelokbMBak;)annaMmknUvkarrIklUtlas; EdlmansnÞúHya:gxøaMgkñúgkarnaMecjnUvplitplrbs;xøÜn ry³eBlbYnqñaMknøgmk bnÞab;BImankarpþl;BIshrdæGaemriknUvzan³CaRbeTsGnueRKaHbMput (MFN) enA qñaM1996 nigRbB½n§GnueRKaHBn§ (GSP) enAqñaM1997. cMENkTinñplvis½yesvakm μ KWmankarcuHfy enAeBlEdlvis½y]sSahkmμmankarBRgIkxøÜnenaH. vis½yesvakmμ)ancuHBI 39° énplitplsrub kñúgRsuk enAqñaM1993 eTAdl; 34/2° enAqñaM2002. kñúgry³eBl 2-3qñaMknøgmkenH EpñkeTscrN_)anpþl;viPaKTand¾sMxan;dl;kMenInesdækic©tam ry³karTak;TajvinieyaKTunbreTs karbegáItkargar nigR)ak;cMNUlsMrab;RbCaCnmUldæan. EpñkenH begáItR)ak;cMNUlkñúgmYyqñaM²cMnYn 200landuløaGaemrik EdlbegáIt)anRbEhlCa 10mWunkargar. dUecñH EpñkeTscrN_)ancUlrYmviPaKTany:agsMxan;KYr[kt;sMKal; eTAnwgkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© nigkar kat;bnßyPaBRkIRkenAkm<úCa. enHKWCavis½ymYyEdlGacnwgTTYl)aneCaKC½y ehIyEdlman skþanuBlPaBkñúgkarrYmviPaKTancMeBaHkargar nigkarrIklUtlas;. 1>3>2 vismPaB vismPaBmansNæanepSg²BIKñaenARbeTskm<úCadUcCa vismPaBeynD½renAkñúgCIvPaBsgÁm esdækic© nigneya)ay dUcmanBiPakSakñúg KGsk3. vismPaBk¾manlkçN³sMxan;KYr[ykcitþTukdak; rvagshKmn_CnbT nigTIRkug¼TIRbCMuCn CaBiessenATIRkugPñMeBj. CIvPaBrs;enA nig»kaskñúgkarrk

8

R)ak;cMNUlCaTUeTA KWmankMritx<s;PaKeRcInenAkñúgtMbn;TIRkugCagenAtMbn;CnbT. vismPaBmanlkçN³ sMxan;KYr[cab;Garm μN_pgEdrenAkñúgtMbn;CnbTCaBiess tMbn;EdlmanCnCatiPaKticRbmUlpþúM. kareFVI [manPaBeCOnelOneq<aHeTArkcMNucedA KGsk kñúgry³eBlmYyTsvtSr_eRkayenH KWTamTar[man karbegáInkarvinieyaKCaFnFanrUbvnþ½ nigmnusSenAkñúgtMbn;NaEdlmanlkçN³Gn;fyCageK. 1>3>3 RbCaCn kMenInRbCaCnx<s;man\T§iBleTAelI KGsk TaMgRsugEtmþg. TI1 kMenInenHmanplb:HBal; eTAelIPaBRkIRk edaysarkarekIneLIgcMnYnGñkenAkñúgbnÞúk elIGñkrkR)ak;cMNUlkñúgRKYsar edaybegáIn cMnYnkargarmineBjelj PaBK μankargar nigeFVIeGayFøak;cuHnUvR)ak;kMérkargar RbsinebIkMlaMgBlkm μ minRtUv)anRsUbTaj)aneRcInedayEpñkesdækic©enaHeT. TI2 kMenInRbCaCnk¾manplb:HBal;eTAelI lT§plkarGb;rM edaybegáInsMBaFeTAelIkarpþl;esvasaFarN³ enAkñúgvis½yGb;rM. TI3 Cajwkjyva )anqøúHbBa©aMg[eXIjnUvvismPaBeynD½rxøaMg edaysarEt®sþIminmanCMerIsxagbnþBUC ehIyk¾TTYlrgnUv TMenomTMlab;RbéBNIGMBIbBaðapøÚvePTrbs;®sþI. TI4 mrNPaBTark nigkumar mankarBak;B½n§y:agCit sñiT§CamYynwgkarBnüarkMeNIt nigGayurbs;mataenAeBlsMralkUn EdlktþaTaMgBIrenHTTYlrg\T§iBl GviC¢man edaysarkMenInRbCaCnx<s; nigKuNPaBénkarpþl;karKaMBarsuxPaB. bBaðadUcKñaenHk¾ekItman cMeBaHGRtamrNPaBmatapgEdr. elIsBIenHeTAeTot RbCaCnv½yek μgEdlkMBugEtekIneLIg ehIyrs; enAkñúgsßanPaBEdlmanGnam½ykMritTab CasMBaFd¾F¶n;eTAelIRbB½n§KaMBarsuxPaB EdlminGaceqøIytb eTAnwgtMrUvkar[manRbsiT§PaBenaHeLIy. TI5 tMrUvkarx<s;sMrab;esvakm μsgÁm)aneFVI[mansMBaFeTA elIhirBaØvtßúrbs;raCrdæaPi)al nigKMramkMEhgdl;tulüPaBma:RkUesdækic© . TI6 kMeNInRbCaCnya:g qab;rh½senAtMbn;CnbTnaM[mankarkab;bMpøajéRBeQI karricrwldI karbMpøajFnFanTwk nigkarfycuH nUvCIvsa®sþcMruH. enAkñúgtMbn;TIRkug¼TIRbCMuCn RbkarenH)andak;sMBaFeTAelIkarpÁt;pÁg;Twk nigGnam½y ehIyk¾manplb:HBal;elIkarbMBulbriyakaspgEdr. elIsBIenHeTot kMenInRbCaCnx<s;mankarCab; Tak;TgCamYynwgCMelaH EdlmancMnYnkan;EteRcIneLIg² elIdIFøIenAtamtMbn;CnbT nigCMgWsgÁmenAkñúg tMbn;TIRkugpgEdrdUcCa karrs;enAkkkuj karraldalénCMgWqøg nigkarRbRBwtþibTelμ IsepSg². bBaða RbQmenaH KWRtUvGnuvtþeKalneya)ayRbCaCnd¾manRbsiT§PaBRsbeTAtambribTsgÁm nigvb,Fm’ km<úCaedayykkarGb;rMCamUldæan kñúgkaredaHRsaybBaðaepSg².

tamry³eKalneya)ayRbCaCn raCrdæaPi)alsUmeFIVkarbBa¢ak;Cafμ ImþgeTot GMBIkarTTYlsÁal; nigkarKaMRTcMeBaHsiT§irbs;KUsVamI Priya nigbuKÁlTaMgGs; [mansiT§iCamUldæankñúgkarsMerccitþeday esrI nigedayTTYlxusRtUvelIcMnYnkUn nigkarBnüarkMeNIt nig[manlT§PaBTTYl)annUvBt’man karGb;rM esva nigmeFüa)ayedIm,IeFVIkargarenH. raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCakMBugsikSaBIskþanuBlFnFan enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa faetIFnFanGacpÁt;pÁg;RbCaCn)ancMnYnb:un μan.

9

tarag 1>1³ sUcnakresdækic©-sgÁmkic©f μ I² sMrab;RbeTskm<úCa6 sUcnakr tMél

plitplkñúgRsuksrub ¬pss¦ sMrab;mnusSmñak; qñaM2002 ¬duløaGaemrik¦ 297 GRtakMeNIn pss RbcaMqñaM1993-2002 ¬KitCaPaKry¦ 5/5 cMENkén pss tamvis½y qñaM2002 ¬KitCaPaKry¦

vis½yksikmμ 33/4 vis½y]sSahkmμ 26/3 vis½yesvakm μ 34/2

kargarKittamvis½y enAqñaM2002 ¬KitCaPaKry¦ vis½yksikmμ 70/7 vis½y]sSahkmμ 10/5 vis½yesvakm μ 19/5

cMnYnRbCaCn ¬cMeNalRbCasaRsþ qñaM2001¦ 13099472 GRtacMnYnRbCaCnRbcaMqñaM ¬tamCMerOn qñaM1998 KitCaPaKry¦ 2/49 cMnYnRbCaCnenAkñúgtMbn;CnbT ¬qñaM1998 KitCaPaKry¦ 84/3 lMdab;enAkñúgsnÞsSn_GPivDÆn_mnusS qñaM2001 130 snÞsSn_GPivDÆn_mnusS qñaM2001 0/556 snÞsSn_GPivDÆn_eynD½renA qñaM2001 0/551 GRtaBiténkarsikSaenAbzmsikSa qñaM2001 87 GRtaBiténkarsikSaenAmFümsikSabzmPUmi qñaM2001 19 GRtaBiténkarsikSaenAmFümsikSaTutiyPUmi qñaM2001 7/4 GRtaGkçrkmμmnusSeBjv½y qñaM1998 71 GRtamrNPaBTark qñaM1995-2000 ¬kñúg 1000 kMeNItrs;¦ 95 pleFobmrNPaBmata qñaM1994 dl;qñaM2000 ¬kñúg 100/000 kMeNItkUn¦ 437 GayukalmFümenA qñaM1998 ¬KitCaqñaM¦ 54 kumarEdlminRKb;TMgn;eRkamGayu 5qñaM enAqñaM2000 ¬KitCaPaKry¦ 45/2 lT§PaBTTYl)anTwks¥atenA qñaM1998 ¬KitCaPaKry¦ 29 cMnYnRbCaCnEdlrs;enAeRkamExSbnÞat;PaBRkIRk enAqñaM1999 ¬KitCaPaKry¦ 36 karpþl;GaharUbtßmÖxagfamBlRbUetGIun enAqñaM2000 ¬PaKryénkumarmanGayuBI 6-59 Ex¦ 45 PaBxusKñarvagGnkçrCnburs nig®sþI qñaM1998 ¬KitCaPaKry¦ 28/3 cMnYnmnusSkñúgevC¢bNÐitmñak; enAqñaM1998 6808 cMnYnmnusS kñúgbuKÁliksuxaPi)almñak; enAqñaM1998 598

6 RbPB³ - viC¢asßanCatisßiti qñaM2001³ {GegátRbCasaRsþ nigsuxPaBkm<úCa qñaM2000}. - viC¢asßanCatisßiti qñaM1999³ {CMerOnRbCaCnkm<úCaTUeTA qñaM1998 niglT§plCMerOncugeRkay :. - RkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_sgÁmkic© qñaM2002³ {yuT§saRsþkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkCati qñaM2003 dl;qñaM2005}. - raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa qñaM2002³ {EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©-sgÁmkic© 5qñaMelIkTI2 qñaM2001 dl;qñaM2005}. - RksYgsuxaPi)al naykdæanEpnkar nigBt’mansuxPaB qñaM1999³ {ÉksarsþIGMBIeKalCMhrRkumBieRKaHeyabl;}. - viC¢asßanCatisßiti qñaM2003³ {KNenyüCatikm<úCa qñaM1993-2002 :. - viC¢asßanCatisßiti qñaM2003³ {kMrgsßiti qñaM2002 :. - kmμviFIGPivDÆn_shRbCaCati qñaM2003³ :snÞsSn_GPivDÆn_mnusS qñaM2001 :.

10

1>4 yuT§saRsþGPivDÆn_rbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa sMrab;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa kMenInKWCaGavuFd¾man\T§iBlbMputenAkñúgkarRbyuT§nwgPaBRkIRk ehIy raCrdæaPi)alk¾bþÚrpþac;kñúgkarGnuvtþn_eKalneya)ay elIkTwkcitþdl;sßirPaBxagm:aRkUesdækic© nigkar bEgVrFnFaneTAelIvis½ynanaeGaykan;EtmanRbsiT§PaBEfmeTot nigCMrujkareFVIsmahrNkmμenAkñúg esdækic©sklelak. karmansißrPaBneya)ayeLIgvij snþisuxmankMritl¥RbesIrCagmunenAkñúgRbeTs CMhan nigsNæanénkarRbesIreLIgvijénesdækic©kñúgtMbn; )aneFVI[RbeTskm<úCaBRgwg nigBRgIk ehIy eFVI[kan;EtsIuCMerAnUvkMEnTMrg;rbs;xøÜn EdlkMBugEtdMeNIrkar ehIyCYyrkSanUvkMlaMgclkr sMrab;[man karGPivDÆn_esdækic©-sgÁmkic©RbkbedaycIrPaBenaH. ckçúvis½yyUrGEgVgrbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa KWcg; [km<úCaCaRbeTsmYy EdlmanlkçN³sgÁms¥itrmYt eCOnelOnxagkarGb;rM nigrs;revIkxagvb,Fm’ EdlKμanPaBRkIRk Gnkçrkmμ nigsuxPaBTn;exSay Edltamry³enHRbCaCnkm<úCa Gacrs;enAkñúgPaBcuH sRmugnwgKña edayK μanPaBGt;Xøan vismFm’ PaBÉeka PaBgayTTYlrgeRKaH. enAkñúgyuT§saRsþkat; bnßyPaBRkIRkCati raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa )anbBa¢ak;nUvkarebþCJacitþrbs;xøÜn kñúgkarbeBa©jkarRbwgERbg y:agxøaMg nigRbkbedaycIrPaB edIm,IrMedaHRbeTskm<úCa [rYcputBInwménPaBRkIRk. dUecñHRbCaCnkm<úCa TaMgGs; GacnwgTTYl)annUvplRbeyaCn_énkMenInesdækic© nigcUlrYmenAkñúgdMeNIrkarGPivDÆn_. edIm,I edaHRsayeTAelIbuBVehtuénPaBRkIRk Edl)anelIkeLIgxagelIenaH eKalneya)ayrbs;raCrdæaPi)al Edl)anEcgenAkñúgyuT§saRsþkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkCati maneKalbMNg³ ¬1¦begáItnUvkalanuvtþPaB ¬2¦begáInsnþisux ¬3¦BRgwgsmtßPaB ¬4¦pþl;siT§iGMNaceTA[GñkRkIRk. edIm,IBRgwgsßab½n nigEklMGGPi)alkic© enAkñúgkarKaMRTdl;karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk manvis½y bYnsMxan;² EdlRtUvykcitþTukdak;xøaMg ¬1¦RbB½n§yutþiFm’ EdlKaMRTdl;karGPivDÆn_ nigsiT§iepSg² ¬2¦RbB½n§GPi)alkic©mUldæan Edlpþl;siT§iGMNacdl;RbCaCn nigshKmn_ ¬3¦rdæ)almYyEdlCaGñk pþl;esvasaFarN³RbkbedayRbsiT§PaB nigCaédKUEdlKYr[Tukcitþ)an sMrab;karGPivDÆn_ ¬4¦briyakasmYyEdlGMeBIBukrlYyminGaceFVI[raMsÞHdl;karGPivDÆn_ nigyutþiFm’sgÁm. kMEnTMrg;TaMg enHmanry³eBlEvg. eyIgnwgRtUvkarry³eBledIm,I[plb:HBal; niglT§plecjCarUbrag. dUecñH GPiRkmTUeTA KWedIm,IksagnUvmUldæanRKwHsMrab;cIrPaB nigedaHRsaynUvbBaðaBak;B½n§CabnÞan;CageKbMput nigCaplRbeyaCn_dl;RbCaCn. esckþIRbkasshsSvtSr_RtUv)ancuHhtßelxa edayRbeTskm<úCa edaysarEtesckþIRbkas enaHmanlkçN³sIusgVak;CamYynigkarebþCJacitþyUrGEgVg rbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa edIm,IEklMGCIvPaB rs;enA nigkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkEdl)anelIkeLIgpgEdr enAkñúgEpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©-sgÁmkic©TI2 nigyuT§saRsþkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkfñak;Catirbs;xøÜn.

11

1>5 dMeNIrkarerobcMeKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa dMeNIrkarénkareRCIserIssUcnakr nigcMNucedA KGsk mankarcUlrYmTUlMTUlay nigman bMNgsMrYl KGs eGayRsbeTAnwgbribTkm<úCa. dMeNIrkarenHk¾mankarBieRKaHeyabl;CaeRcInelIk kñúgcMeNamPaKIBak;B½n§enAfñak;Cati nigfñak;mUldæanedayPaKIBak;B½n§TaMgGs;enaH )anTTYlBt’manGMBI karviPaKlMGiténsßanPaBfñak;Cati nigfñak;mUldæan. dMeNIrkarenHCaTidæPaB EdlmanlkçN³sMxan; y:agxøaMg edIm,IbeBa©jnUvkic©xitxMRbwgERbgfñak;CatiBitR)akd [)aneRcIntamlT§PaBEdlGaceFVIeTA )an. RkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_sgÁmkic© ¬CSD) nigGKÁelxaFikardæanrbs;xøÜn (GSCSD¦ )anpþl;nUvkarENnaM CarYm. RksYgBak;B½n§EdlmanCMnajerog²xøÜn KWCakarcaM)ac;kñúgkarpþl;karENnaMCak;lak;eTAtamvis½y epSg²Kña. RkumRsavRCavrbs; CSD/GSCSD KWWCaGgÁPaBbec©keTstamdan nigviPaKPaBRkIRk (PMATU) RtUv)ancat;taMg[bMeBjPar³kic©enH edIm,ICYysRmYlnUvdMeNIrkarBieRKaHeyabl;Kña Edlman karcUlrYmd¾TUlMTUlay nigtMlaPaB edIm,Icab;yknUvTidæPaB TsSn³ nigbTBiesaFn_BIkm<úCa[)aneRcIn tamEdlGaceFVIeTA)an.

dMeNIrkarenH RtUv)anEbgEckCaBIrdMNak;kal. karvaytMéldMbUgénninñakarknøgmksMrab; KGs cMbg² RtUv)aneFVIeLIgeday PMATU. enaHmanbMNgrkSaeGaymanCamUldæansMrab;karBiPakSa enAkñúgkarBieRKaHeyabl; karvaytMéldMbUgTaMgenaH KWCaEpñkmYyd¾sMxan;enAkñúgkarksagsmtßPaB GñkviC¢aCIv³fñak;Catirbs; PMATU. dUUecñH karvaytMélenH)anedIrtYkñúgeKalbMNgBIrKW³ EsVgyl;[)an sIuCMerAelIbBaðaCab£sKl;énRbeTskm<úCa edIm,IsMerc[)annUv KGs nigmYyeTotKWbegáInnUvcMeNHdwg nigsmtßPaBénGñkviC¢aCIv³fñak;Cati. karvaytMéldMbUgRtUv)anBiPakSaenAkñúgevTikaCatisþIGMBIPaBRkIRk edaymankarcUlrYmy:agTUlMTUlay. dMeNIrkarTI2 mankarBieRKaHeyabl;sIuCMerA. karBieRKaHeyabl;enHRtUv)anpþÜcepþIm tamry³ sikçasalamYyEdlmankarcUlrYmBIRksYgBak;B½n§ Gñkpþl;CMnYy nig NGOs. karBieRKaHeyabl;Gnþr RksYgRtUv)aneFVIeLIgenAfñak;Cati edaymankarcUlrYmBITIPñak;garsMxan;² EdlenAeRkArdæaPi)al. sMeNIr[mansUcnakrEdlRtUvtamkal³eTs³ nigcMNucedAEdlsmRsbRtUv)anBinitüemIleLIgvij nig BiPakSaenAkñúgkarRbCMuCaeRcInelIk EdlsRmbsRmYledayGñkviC¢aCIv³fñak;CatiénRkum PMATU. GñkviC¢a CIv³k¾)aneFVITsSn³kic©enAextþbI edIm,ImankarBieRKaHeyabl;fñak;mUldæanpgEdr7. kñúgkMLúgeBlTsSn³ kic©TaMgGs;enH karBiPakSaRtUv)aneFVIeLIgCamYym®nþIfñak;extþ RkumRbwkSaXuM¼sgáat; GgÁkarminEmn

7 extþEdl)aneFVITsSn³kic©enaHKW mNÐlKirI ekaHkug nigkNþal.

12

rdæaPi)al EdlmanmUldæanenAkñúgshKmn_ k¾dUcCaRKYsarepSg² Edl)anpþl;nUveyabl;eqøIytbsMrab; kMNt;cMNucedAcugeRkay. bnÞab;BImankarBieRKaHeyabl;kñúgCMuTI1 esckþIRBagr)aykarN_ edayrab;bBa©ÚlnUvsUcnakr nig cMNucedAEdl)anesñIrpgEdr sMrab;RbeTskm<úCaenaH KWRtUv)antak;EtgeLIg. esckþIRBagRtUv)an pSBVpSayy:agTUlMTUlayenAkñúg nigeRkArdæaPi)al ehIybnÞab;mkk¾)anBiPakSaenAelIevTkaCatisþIGMBI PaBRkIRk muneBlRtUv)anbBa©b;sBVRKb; ehIynwgdak;CUnKN³rdæmRnþIGnum½t.

edayRsbeTAnwgdMeNIrkareFVImUldæanIykm μrbs; KGs yuT§nakarelIkkMBs;karyl;dwgmYy RtUv)anerobcMeLIg. enAkñúgbribTénkarGnuvtþn_ nigkartamdanyuT§saRsþCatikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa)ansMerccitþGnuvtþ nUvyuT§nakarelIkkMBs;karyl;dwgTUlMTUlayCati sþIGMBI KGs. kñúgdMeNIrkarenH raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa)anksagbEnßmeTAelIkargarBImun²mk EdlRkumGgÁkarshRbCa CatiRbcaMRbeTs)aneFVIeLIgnUvkarpSBVpSay KGs ¬ExmIna-mifuna qñaM2002¦ nigdMNak;kalTImYyén yuT§nakar KGs enAextþcMnYnR)aMBIr enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa ¬ExsIha-FñÚ qñaM2002¦. r)aykarN_ KGsk ¬qñaM2001¦ nigr)aykarN_bec©keTssþIGMBI KGs (PMATU/GSCSD) qñaM2003 RtUv)aneRbICa]bkrN_ cMbgEdleFVI[mankarcUlrYmBIRKb;mCÄdæan enAfñak;mUldæan enAkñúgsikçasala sMrab;PaKIBak;B½n§TaMgGs; EdlnwgRtUveFVIeLIgenATUTaMgRbeTs. sßab½nBak;B½n§ KGs EdlRtUv)aneKBRgwgEbbenHnwgpþl;nUv»kas d¾eRcInbEnßmeTot sMrab;[mannUvsßab½nPavUbnIykm μ énkarcUlrYmBIfñak;mUldæan kñúgkarGPivDÆn_ karGnuvtþn_ nigkartamdanyuT§saRsþCatikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk. yuT§nakarRtUv)anerobcMenAkñúglkçN³ Casikçasala karsnÞnatamviTüú tamTUrs½BÞ kmμviFICECkkMsanþtamTUrTsSn_ nigkarRbkYtRbECgKMnUr CamYynigsisSviTüal½yTUTaMgRbeTs.

13

EpñkTI2

eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa

bBaðaRbQm nigRkbx½NÐkargar

14

2 esckþIepþIm enAkñúgEpñkenH KGsk nImYy²RtUv)anBiPakSatamlMdab;lMedayBI KGsk1-9 edayELk KGsk8 kMBugdMeNIrkareday CDC ehIycMNucxageRkamRtUv)anRtYtBinitüeLIgvij³

- sUcnakr nigcMNucedA KGs RtUv)aneFVImUldæanIykmμ edIm,IqøúHbBa©aMgGMBIkarBitrbs;km<úCa. - ninñakarknøgmk nigsUcnakrEdl)aneRCIserIs RtUv)anRtYtBinitü ehIyKMlatrvag KGsk nig

tMélninñakarTaMgenaHRtUv)anviPaK. - eKalneya)ay nigkm μviFIbc©úb,nñcMbg² EdlrYmcMENkdl; KGsk RtUv)anraykarN_ edIm,I

cab;ykxøwmsarénkic©xitxMRbwgERbg xageKalneya)ayEdlmanRsab;. - karRbQmcMbg²kñúgkarsMerc[)annUvcMNucedA KGsk RtUv)ankMnt; edIm,ITajkarykcitþTuk

dak;BIsMNak;PaKIBak;B½n§TaMgGs;eTAelIGaTiPaBepSg². - Rkbx½NÐkargarsMrab;edaHRsaybBaðaRbQmTaMgenaH RtUv)anesñIeLIg edayksagbEnßmeTAelI

yuT§saRsþ nigEpnkarCatieTAtamvis½yEdlmanRsab; edIm,IeFVICaKMeragkartMrg;TiseKal neya)ay Edlmansar³sMxan;xøaMgenAkñúgeKalbMNgsMerc[)annUv KGsk.

- CacugeRkaysnÞsSn_rYmén KGsk RtUv)anKNna edIm,Icab;ykxøwmsarrYmkñúgcMeNamextþ¼Rkug epSg².

2>1 eKaledATI1³ lubbM)at;nUvPaBRkIRkF¶n;F¶r nigPaBGt;Xøan eKaledATI 1 manTisedAkat;bnßysmamaRtRbCaCnEdlmankMriteRbIR)as;cMNay¼cMNUlTab CagExSbnÞat;PaBRkIRkfñak;Cati k¾dUcCaedIm,Ikat;bnßynUvPaBGt;Xøan nigkarxVHGaharUbtßmÖpgEdr. 2>1>1 sUcnakr nigcMNucedA KGsk1 tarag 2>1>1 )anbgðaj[eXIjenAkñúgCYrQrxageqVg KWCacMNucedA nigsUcnakr Edl)anesñI eLIgedayGgÁkarshRbCaCati rIÉCYrQrxagsþaM bgðajBIcMNucedA nigsUcnakr Edl)aneRCIserIs edayraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa bnÞab;BImankarBieRKaHeyabl;CamYynwgPaKIBak;B½n§sMxan;²rYcmk. tarag 2>1>1³ mUldæanIykmμ KGs1 [eTACa KGsk1

eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_sklTI1 KGsk1 cMNucedATI1³ kat;bnßy[)anBak;kNþal rvagqñaM1990 nigqñaM2015 nUvsmamaRtRbCaCn EdlmanR)ak;cMNUl TabCag 1duløa kñúgmYyéf¶

cMNucedArYmTI1³ kat;bnßy[)anBak;kNþal rvagqñaM1993 nigqñaM2015 nUvsmamaRtRbCaCn EdlmanR)ak;cMNUlTab CagExSbnÞat;PaBRkIRkfñak;Cati

sUcnakr1³ smamaRtRbCaCnenAeRkam 1duløa kñúgmYyéf¶ sUcnakr1>1³ smamaRtRbCaCnEdlmanR)ak;cMNUlTab CagExSbnÞat;PaBRkIRkfñak;Cati

sUcnakr2³ pleFobKMlatPaBRkIRk

15

sUcnakr3³ bmaNPaKrbs;RbCaCnEdlRkCageKbMput 20° kñúgkareRbIR)as;cMNayfñak;Cati

sUcnakr1>2³ bmaNPaKrbs;RbCaCnEdlRkCageKbMput 20° kñúgkareRbIR)as;cMNayfñak;Cati

sUcnakr1>3³ smamaRtkumareFVIkargar EdlmanGayuBI 5-17qñaM

cMNucedATI2³ kat;bnßy[)anBak;kNþalrvagqñaM1990 nig qñaM2015 nUvsmamaRtRbCaCnEdlTTYlrgnUvPaBGt;Xøan

cMNucedArYmTI 2³ kat;bnßy[)anBak;kNþalrvagqñaM1993 nig2015 nUvsmamaRtRbCaCnEdlTTYlrgnUvPaBGt;Xøan

sUcnakr4³ GRtaeRbva:Lg;énkumarminRKb;TMgn; Edlman GayueRkam 5qñaM

sUcnakr1>4³ GRtaeRbva:Lg;énkumarminRKb;TMgn; (TMgn;eFobnwgGayu <2 SD) EdlmanGayueRkam 5qñaM

sUcnakr5³ smamaRtRbCaCnEdlsßitenAeRkamkareRbI R)as;famBlGaharGb,brma

sUcnakr1>5³ smamaRtRbCaCnEdlsßitenAeRkamExS bnÞat;RkIRkmðÚbGahar

sUcnakr1>6³ GRtaeRbva:Lg;énkumarRkin (kMBs;eFobnwg Gayu <2 SD) EdlmanGayueRkam 5qñaM

sUcnakr1>7³ GRtaeRbva:Lg;énkumarsÁm (TMgn;eFobnwg kMBs; <2 SD) EdlmanGayueRkam 5qñaM

sUcnakr1>8³ smamaRtRKYsarEdleRbIR)as;GMbilGIuy:Ud

tarag 2>1>2 bgðajnUvtMélTinñn½ymUldæan nigtMélcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk1 tam lMdab;qñaM. tMélqñaMmUldæanenHmankarERbRbYleTAtamTinñn½yEdlman. tarag 2>1>2³ tMélTinñn½ymUldæan nigcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk1

sUcnakr Tinñn½ymUldæan cMNucedA tMél qñaM 2005 2010 2015

1>1 smamaRtRbCaCn EdlmanR)ak;cMNUlTabCagExS bnÞat;PaBRkIRkfñak;Cati 39 1993 31 25 19/5

1>2 bmaNPaKrbs;RbCaCn EdlRkCageKbMput 20° kñúgkareRbIR)as;cMNayfñak;Cati 7/4 1993 9 10 11

1>3 smamaRtkumareFVIkargarEdlmanGayuBI 5-17qñaM ¬1¦ 16/5 1999 13 10/6 81>4 GRtaeRbva:Lg;énkumarminRKb;TMgn; (TMgn;eFobnwg

Gayu <2 SD) EdlmanGayueRkam 5qñaM ¬2¦45/2 2000 36 29 22/6

1>5 smamaRtRbCaCn EdlsßiteRkambnÞat;ExSPaBRkIRk mðÚbGahar 20 1993 16 13 10

1>6 GRtaeRbva:Lg;énkumarRkin (kMBs;eFobnwgGayu <2

SD) EdlmanGayueRkam 5qñaM 44/6 2000 35 28 22

1>7 GRtaeRbva:Lg;énkumarsÁm (TMgn;eFobnwgkMBs; <2SD)

EdlmanGayueRkam 5qñaM 15 2000 13 10 9

1>8 smamaRtRKYsarEdleRbIR)as;GMbilGIuy:Ud 14 2000 80 90 90¬1¦ KNnaedayRksYgsgÁmkic© kargar bNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³ nigyuvnItism,Ta edayeRbI CSES 1999. ¬2¦ KMlatKMrU (Standard Deviation) .

16

2>1>2 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk1 PaBRkIRkelIcMNayeRbIR)as; enAEtmankarrIkraldalenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa eTaHbICamankic©xit xMRbwgERbgkñúgkarkat;bnßyk¾eday. tYelxCapøÚvkar)anbgðajfa snÞsSn_PaBRkIRkrab;tamcMnYnmnusS enAfñak;Cati mankarfycuHbnþicBI 39° mk 35/9° rvagqñaM1993 nigqñaM1999. manRKYsarmYycMnYn sßitenACitExSbnÞat;PaBRkIRkgaynwgFøak;eTAkñúgPaBRkIRk. rUb 2>1>1³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénsmamaRtRbCaCn Edlrs;enAeRkamExSbnÞat;PaBRkIRkfñak;Cati RbPB³ RksYgEpnkar qñaM1999.

GRtaénkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkenAkñúgtMbn;TIRkug¼RbCMuCn x<s;CagenAtMbn;CnbT EdlsnÞsSn_ éncMnYnGñkRkmankMritefrdEdl eBalKW 40° kñúgry³eBlmYyTsvtSr_knøgmkenH. elIsBIenHeTot manPaBxusKñaxøaMgrvagextþ nigextþb¤Rkug. GRtaPaBRkIRkERbRbYlBI 8° enAextþekaHkug eTA 97° enARkugéb:lin. sUcnakrdéTeTotdUcCa snÞsSn_KMlatPaBRkIRk nigsnÞsSn_PaBRkIRkF¶n;F¶r bgðajnUv ninñakar nigPaBxusKñaRbhak;RbEhltamtMbn; nigextþ¼Rkugnana. RbsinebIninñakarknøgmkenAbnþ kMritPaBRkIRknwgGacfycuHdl; 28° enAqñaM2015. ninñakar enHminGacQaneTAsMerc)aneKaledAénkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkEdl)ankMNt; 19/5° )aneT. dUecñH edIm,IsMerc)ancMNucedA KGsk1 TamTar[mankMenInesdækic©elOnCagmun nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk [)aneRcInCagmun Bak;B½n§eTAnwgkMenInenH. bmaNPaKrbs;RbCaCnEdlRkCageKbMput 20° enAkñúgkareRbIR)as;cMNayfñak;Cati)anekInBI 7/4° enAqñaM1993 dl; 8/9° enAqñaM1999. tamry³karKNnaBIninñakarknøgmk sUcnakrenHnwg GacQandl; 13° enAqñaM2015 KWelIsBIcMNucedAbnþicEdl)ankMNt; 11°.

28

30.332.8

36.1 39

31

2519.5

35.9

15

20

25

30

35

40

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

cMNucedA

ninñakar

17

rUb 2>1>2³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénbmaNPaKrbs;RbCaCn EdlRkCageKbMput 20° kñúgkareRbIR)as; cMNayfñak;Cati

RbPB³ RksYgEpnkar 1995 1998 2000.

cMNucedAsMrab;smamaRtkumareFVIkarEdlmanGayuBI 5-17qñaM )anbgðajenAkñúgtarag 2>1>2. edayK μanTinñn½ytamlMdab;qñaMknøgmk eyIgminGaceFVIkar)a:n;sμannUvninñakar)aneT. smamaRtkumar eFVIkargarman 16/5° enAqñaM1999 ¬Gegátesdækic©-sgÁmkic©km<úCa qñaM1999¦ EdlraCrdæaPi)alman bMNgcg;sMerc[)annUvGRta 8° enAqñaM2015.

rUb 2>1>3 bgðajnUvninñakar nigcMNucedAsmamaRtRbCaCn Edlrs;enAeRkamExSbnÞat;PaB RkIRkmðÚbGahar. ebIsinninñakarknøgmkenAEtbnþ ninñakarenHnwgFøak;dl;cMNuc 0/16° enAqñaM2007 . edayEp¥kelIninñakarenH km<úCagaynwgsMerc)aneKaledArbs;xøÜn. edayeyageTAtamcMNucedAEdl )ankMNt; RbeTskm<úCarMBwgfanwgsMercnUvcMNucedArbs;xøÜn Edl)ankMNt; 10° enAqñaM2015. rUb 2>1>3³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénsmamaRtRbCaCn Edlrs;enAeRkamExSbnÞat;PaBRkIRkmðÚbGahar

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11.5

17.9

0

3.1

10

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16

0

5

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15

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25

1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013 2018

cMN ucedA

n in ñakar

RbPB³ RksYgEpnkar 1997 1999.

sUcnakrsMrab;GRtaeRbva:Lg;kumarminRKb;TMgn;GayueRkam 5qñaM GRtaeRbva:Lg;kumarRkin GRta eRbva:Lg;kumarsÁm GayueRkam 5qñaM nigsUcnakrsMrab;smamaRtRKYsar EdleRbIR)as;GMbilGuIy:Ud )an

8.9

10.4

11.7

12.9

7.4

8.6

11

10

9

6

8

10

12

14

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

ninñakar

cMNucedA

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bgðajenAkñúgtarag 2>1>2. edayBMumanTinñn½ytamlMdab;qñaMknøgmk sUcnakrTaMgenHminGaceFVIkar )a:n;s μannUvninñakar)aneT.

cMeBaHGRtaeRbva:Lg;kumarminRKb;TMgn;GayueRkam 5qñaM mankMritx<s;xøaMgenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa EdlmanRbEhlCa 45/2° enAqñaM2000. raCrdæaPi)almanbMNgsMerc[)anGRta 22/6° enAqñaM 2015. GRtaeRbva:Lg;kumarRkin mankarrIkraldalxøaMgEdr enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa EdlmanRbEhlCa 44/6° énkumarEdlmanGayueRkam 5qñaM enAqñaM2000. raCrdæaPi)almanbMNgsMerc[)annUvcMNuc edA 22° enAqñaM2015. cMeBaHGRtaeRbva:Lg;kumarsÁm 15° enAqñaM2000 ¬RksYgEpnkar nigRksYg suxaPi)al qñaM2001¦ raCrdæaPi)almanbMNgsMerc[)annUvGRta 9° enAqñaM2015 . cMNucedA smamaRtRKYsarEdleRbIR)as;GMbilGuIyU:d 14° enAqñaM2000 ¬RksYgEpnkar nigRksYgsuxaPi)al qñaM2001¦ raCrdæaPi)almanbMNgsMerc[)annUvcMNucedA 90° enAqñaM2015. 2>1>3 eKalneya)ay nigkmμviFIbc©úb,nñsMxan;² EdlrYmcMENkdl; KGsk1 eRkABIEpnkarskmμPaBtamvis½y manÉksareyagsMxan;²BIr EdlKUsbBa¢ak;GMBIyuT§saRsþ rbs;km<úCa edIm,IelIksÞÜykarGPivDÆn_esdækic©-sgÁmkic© nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkrYmman Epnkar GPivDÆn_esdækic©-sgÁmkic©R)aMqñaMelIkTIBIr (SEDPII, 2001-2005) nigyuT§saRsþCatikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk qñaM2003-2005 ¬NPRS¦. NPRS )anepþImecjBIÉksar SEDPII b:uEnþ)anepþatkarykcitþTukdak; eTAelIPaBRkIRksMrab;ry³eBlbIqñaMxagmux. yuT§saRsþCatikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk RtUv)ancat;TukCa Rkbx½NÐkargard¾TUlMTUlaymYy EdlmaneKaledArkSa[)annUvsißrPaBma:RkUesdækic© k¾dUcCakarelIk sÞÜyeKalneya)ayKaMRTGñkRkIRk edIm,IelIkkMBs;kMritCIvPaBrs;enAtamCnbT begIán»kaskargar FanaeGay)anRbesIrCagmunnUvsuxPaB GaharUbtßmÖ nigkarGb;rM kat;bnßyPaBgayrgeRKaH BRgwg smtßPaBsßab½n nigGPi)alkic© elIktMekIgsmFm’eynD½r nigepþatkarykcitþTukdak;eTAelIkgVl;rbs; RbCaCn. SEDPII CayuT§saRsþrbs;CatiKUsbBa¢ak;GMBIeKalneya)ay nigkmμviFIEdlCMruj[mankMenIn esdækic© nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkenAkñúgry³eBlyUrGEgVg. SEDPII CMruj[mankMenInesdækic©TUlM TUlayRbkbedaysmFm’ nigcIrPaB. EpnkarenHelIksÞÜykarGPivDÆn_sgÁmvb,Fm’ edayEklMG lT§PaBrbs;RbCaCnRkIRkkñúgkarTTYl)ankarGb;rMsuxPaB Twks¥at nigGnam½y famBl \NTan TIpSar nigkareRbIR)as;FnFanFmμCati nigbrisßan nigedIm,IEklMGGPi)alkic© tamry³karGnuvtþn_Rbkb edayRbsiT§PaBnUvEpnkarskmμPaBGPi)alkic©. snþisuxes,ógenAtMbn;CnbT nigkarBRgwgRkbx½NÐ c,ab; ¬]TahrN_ c,ab;PUmi)al c,ab;éRBeQI nigc,ab;Clpl¦ edIm,IbegáInsnþisux KWmansar³sMxan;xøaMg Nas;cMeBaHEpnkarskm μPaBenH.

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yuT§saRsþTaMgBIrenH manlkçN³BiessrYmEdlKYr[kt;sMKal; ehIymaneKaledACMruj[man dMeNIrkarGPivDÆn_d¾TUlMTUlay tamry³kMenInesdækic©KaMRTdl;GñkRkIRk karGPivDÆn_FnFanmnusS kar elIksÞÜyksikmμ nigshRKasxñattUc nigmFüm enAtMbn;CnbT nigGPi)alkic©l¥EdlepþatCasMxan;eTA elIkarRbyuT§nwgGMeBIBukrlYy.

2>1>4 bBaðaRbQmCaKnøwH kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk1 PaBRkIRk)ancuHfybnþic kñúgry³eBlmYyTsvtSr_knøgmk enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa. eTaHbICa ninñakarenH mankarelIkTwkcitþdl;eyIgk¾eday k¾eyIgRtUvkaredaHRsaynUvbBaðaRbQmmYycMnYn enAkñúg ry³eBlb:unμanqñaMxagmuxenH. tamlkçN³esdækic© eyIgRtUvkarFanafa dMeNIrkarkMenIn )anKaMRTdl;Gñk RkIRkkan;EtxøaMgeLIg edaybegáIt)annUvplRbeyaCn_dl;GñkRkIRkbMput. tamlkçN³neya)aykMEn TMrg;RbCaFibetyü RtUvEtGnuvtþeGayRsbeTAtamdMeNIrkarvimCÄkar. ebIniyayBIvis½ysgÁmvij viFan karkarBarsgÁmRbkbedayRbsiT§PaBRtUvEtBRgwg ehIysmtßPaBmnusSRtUvEtbegáIn nigBRgwgpgEdr. CagenHeTot karpøas;bþÚrsßab½nRtUvEt)anGnuvtþ edIm,IBRgwgnUvtYnaTIsgÁmsIuvil nigEpñkÉkCnenAkñúg dMeNIrkarGPivDÆn_ nigGPi)alkic©l¥ Edl)anbRBa¢abya:gmanRbsiT§PaB cUleTAkñúgCIvPaBsaFarN³. vaCakarc,as;Edlfa karlubbM)at;PaBRkIRk nigPaBGt;XøanTamTarnUvkareqøIytbCaBhuvis½y rYmTaMg bBaðaesdækic© sgÁm nigneya)ay k¾dUcCabBaðaEdlTak;TgeTAnwgeynD½r nigbrisßanpgEdr. kar BiPakSaxageRkamenH mankarTak;TgeTAnwgTidæPaB énkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkTaMgenaH EdlRtUv)anelIk eLIgenAkñúg KGs Cak;lak;déTeTot b¤enAkñúgEpñksþIGMBIbBaðarYm.

rIÉxagvis½yma:RkUesdækic©vij RbeTskm<úCanwgmanbBaðaRbQmkñúgkarrkSa[)annUvsßirPaBxag ma:RkUesdækic© edaykñúgeBldMNalKñaenaH RtUvelIksÞÜykMenInesdækic©RbkbedaysmFm’eGay)anTUlM TUlayCagmun. manbBaðaRbQmmYycMnYn EdlTak;TgeTAnwghirBaØvtßúsaFarN³dUcCa karBwgEp¥khYs ehtueTAelICMnYyGPivDÆn_CapøÚvkar (ODA) mUldæanBn§dar EdlmanlkçN³tUcceg¥ót nigkarRKb;RKg cMNayEdlmanlkçN³Tn;exSay. CaTUeTA manvisalPaBsMrab;karEklMG enAkñúgkarRKb;RKghirBaØvtßú saFarN³ nigtMrUv[mankartMrg;TisFnFaneLIgvij eq<aHeTArkkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk edayelIktMekIg nUvkareRbIR)as;FnFan[manRbsiT§PaBCagmun.

lkçN³énPaBRkIRk )anbgðajnUvbBaðaRbQmsMxan;²mYycMnYn enAkñúgkMritmIRkUesdækic©. enA RbeTskm<úCa PaBRkIRkeRcInEtekItmanenAtamtMbn;CnbT edayTak;TgeTAnwgPaBK μandIFøI b¤dIksidæan manTMhMtUc skmμPaBesdækic©BMusUvmanlkçN³cMruH RKYsarmansmaCikeRcIn ehIykarGb;rMkñúgRbB½n§enA mankMritenAeLIy. smasFatud¾sMxan;énkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkRbkbedayRbsiT§PaB KWkarbegáIn plitkmμksikm μ nigkargarkñúgeKalbMNgbegáInnUvkareRbIR)as;es,ógGaharCamUldæan nigkarcaM)ac;

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epSg²eTot. vak¾CaRbkarsMxan;pgEdr kñúgkareFVI[GñkEdlmandIFøItUc² enAtMbn;CnbTeFVIskmμPaB esdækic©rbs;xøÜn[manlkçN³cMruH edIm,I[xøÜnGacRbQmCamYynwgPaBtk;søút nigPaBtantwgBIxageRkA epSg². bBaðaRbQmrbs;raCrdæaPi)alrYmman karEklMGnUvplitPaB tamry³karpþl;nUvlT§PaBTTYl )annUvbec©kviTüaksikmμ nigRTBüFnEdlRbkbedayplitPaBx<s; nigCMrujskmμPaBnanaeRkABIksikmμ enACnbT.

bEnßmBIelIPaBRkIRkraMér: k¾manbBaðaRbQmcMbg² EdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgPaBgayrgeRKaH nig GsnþisuxCaBiess Gsnþisuxes,óg nigPaBgayrgeRKaHedaysarTwkCMnn; nigPaBraMgs¶Üt. PaBgayrg eRKaHCacMNucsñÚlénCIvPaBrs;enArbs;GñkRkIRk ehIyk¾mankarGMBavnav[manviFankarkat;bnßy \Ti§BlénkarP½yrn§t; k¾dUcCabegáInnUvsmtßPaBrbs;BYkKat; edIm,ITb;sáat;nwgesckþIP½yrn§t;TaMgenaH. eyIgRtUvkarbegáInsmtßPaBrbs;raCrdæaPi)al edIm,IRKb;RKgnUveRKaHFmμCati ehIyCagenHeTotpþl; kic©karBarxagsgÁm[)anTUlMTUlayCagmun dl;CnTaMgLayNaEdlRkIRkCageK. bBaðaRbQmTaMg enHvasßitenAkñúgkarEsVgrk[eXIjnUvviFIfμ I² EdlbMeBjbEnßmeTAnwgyuT§saRsþedaHRsayrbs;RbCaCn enACnbT edIm,IFanafakm μviFICMnYysgÁm RtUv)aneKtMrg;TiseTArkGñkEdlRkIRkCageK EdlminGaccUl rYmkñúgCIvPaBxagesdækic©)an. enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa GRtax<s;énkgVHGaharUbtßmÖ minRtwmEtbNþalmkBIkarbriePaKGaharmin RKb;RKan;b:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþmkBIkgVHnUvkarGnuvtþn_karpþl;mðÚbGahar nigcMNIGahar EdlmanKuNPaBGn;. bBaðaRbQmeTAnwgkarkat;bnßynUvkgVHGaharUbtßmÖenH KWRtUvbegáIncMeNHdwgsþIGMBIbBaðaGaharUbtßmÖ nig lT§PaBTTYl)annUves,ógGaharsMrab;GñkTaMgLayNa EdlminmanR)ak;RKb;RKan; edIm,ITijes,óg GaharTaMgenaH.

2>1>5 Rkbx½NÐkargar edIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedA KGsk1 TisedACayuT§saRsþd¾cMbg² edIm,Ikat;bnßyPaBRkIRkF¶n;F¶r nigPaBGt;Xøanman 3 Epñk dUcxag eRkam³ sßanPaBm:aRkUesdækic© ktþaKnøwHkñúgkarsMerc[)annUvcMNucedA qñaM2015 KWsmtßPaBénesdækic©km<úCakñúgkarTb;Tl;eTA nwgPaBvwkvrénesdækic© EdlbNþalmkBIktþaxagkñúg nigxageRkA. raCrdæaPi)almanbMNgBRgwgnUv sißrPaBm:aRkUesdækic© edayEp¥kya:gsMxan;tamry³eKalneya)aysareBIBn§ nigkarGnuvtþn_nUvkMEnTMrg; rcnasm<½n§ edayFanafaeKalneya)ay nigkm μviFITaMgGs;enH nwgKaMRTdl;GñkRkIRk. elIsBIenHeTot raCrdæaPi)almaneKalbMNgEklMGnUvkarRKb;RKgvis½ysaFarN³ nigsmtßPaBrbs;CatieTAelIkarerob cMfvikaedayEp¥kelIskmμPaB eFVIEpnkarCayuT§saRsþ nigkarRKb;RKghirBaØvtßú.

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sißrPaBesdækic© RtUvedIrTnÞwmnwgsißrPaBneya)ay. raCrdæaPi)alnwgbegáInel,ÓndMeNIrkar vimCÄkar enAkñúgb:un μanqñaMeRkayenH edaymanTsSn³elIkkMBs;KuNPaBTMnij nigesvasaFarN³ enAkñúg tMbn;EdlRbmUlpþúMeTAedayPaBRkIRk. viFankarEbbenHTMngCarYmviPaKTan kñúgkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk nigsMerc[)annUv KGs déTeTot kñúgsßanPaBEdlminmankarpþl;esvaRbkbedayRbsiT§PaB [)an RKb;RKan;enAkñúgtMbn;RkIRk nigtMbn;dac;Rsyal. sßanPaBmIRkUesdækic© raCrdæaPi)alnwgRtUvkarBRgwgkic©xitxMRbwgERbgrbs;xøÜn enAEpñkbnþbnÞab; edIm,IsMercnUvcMNucedA TaMgLayén KGsk [manRbsiT§PaB³ - CMrujkareRbIbec©kviTüaTMenIb CaBiessbec©keTsplit edIm,IGacbegáInnUvTinñpl viFankarcMruHEfTaM

dMNaM (IPM) RbB½n§ksikmμcMruH kareFVI[RbesIreLIgnUvBUC nigbec©kviTüakat;bnßyPaBmaneRKaHfñak; edIm,ITb;sáat;plb:HBal;BIeRKaHFmμCati.

- CMrujkarGPivDÆn_Epñkksi]sSahkmμ nigTIpSar nigEklMGnUvkarRKb;RKgKuNPaBxagplitkmμ ksikm μ.

- karvinieyaKkñúgvis½y EdlmanskþanuBlkñúgkarbegáInnUvkMenInx<s; EdlGac[RbeTskm<úCaTTYl )annUv]tþmPaBeRbobeFob ehIyRbCaCnRkIRkPaKeRcInnwgGacTTYl)ankargareFVIdUcCa kñúgvis½y ]sSahkm μkat;edr vis½yClpl kareFVIsURtCaedIm .l.

- sMrbsMrYldl;karBRgIkesvahirBaØvtßúxñattUc edayrab;bBa©ÚlTaMg\NTan karsnSM karFanara:b;rg nigesvaminEmneTAelIhirBaØvtßú edIm,IKaMRTdl;skmμPaBrkR)ak;cMNUl nigshRKastUc².

- vinieyaKelIehdæarcnasm<½n§CnbT EdlCYyRTRTg;dl;GñkRkIRkdUcCa FarasaRsþxñattUc pøÚvEdlGac eRbI)anRKb;rdUv karpþl;GKÁisnIenAtamCnbT nigehdæarcnasm<½n§TIpSar edIm,IbegáInsnÞúHplitkmμ elIkkMBs;plitPaB nigCYysMrYldl;EpñkBaNiC¢km μ nigclnakMlaMgBlkmμ. karvinieyaKTaMgenH RtUvEtmankarcUlrYmBIGñkenAtammUldæan kñúgkareRCIserIsKMeragkarsagsg; nigkarEfTaM.

- BRgwgsuvtßiPaBkan;kab;dIFøI nigTIpSardI RBmTaMgTb;sáat; nigedaHRsayTMnas;dIFIø tamry³ynþkar eRkARbB½n§tulakar erobcMEdndI nigRKb;RKgFm μCati edaysmFm’ cIrPaB nigRbsiTæPaB nigEbgEck dIedaysmFm’.

- EklMGnUvEpñkTIpSar edIm,IelIkkMBs;nUvkarnaMecjplitplksikm μ nigCYysMrYldl;karpøas;bþÚrKña eTAvijeTAmkxagesdækic©enAkñúgtMbn; nigrvagtMbn;CnbT nigTIRkugpgEdr.

- BRgwgviFankar edIm,IelIkkMBs;karcUlrYmBIshKmn_kñúgkarpþl;esva nigskm μPaBplitPaBeday pÞal;RBmTaMgBRgwgnUvdMeNIrkarvimCÄkarpgEdr.

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karKaMBarsgÁm nigkarkat;bnßyhaniyP½y manr)aykarN_CaeRcIn bBa¢ak;BIPaBgayTTYlrgeRKaH EdlTamTar[mankareqøIytbCaeKal neya)aysmahrNkm μ. raCrdæaPi)alnwgBRgwgnUvviFankarrbs;xøÜn edIm,IRbyuT§nwgPaBgayrgeRKaH eTAtammeFüa)aydUcxageRkam³ - begáItRbB½n§EpnTIGsnþisuxes,óg PaBgayrgeRKaH nigBt’man. - begáItnUvEpnkaryuT§saRsþ nigBRgIkkm μviFIBiessrbs;Cati sMrab;snþisuxes,ógEdlmancMNay

RbkbedayRbsiT§PaB nigeRbIR)as;nUvbec©kviTüasmRsb. - BRgwgynþkaredaHRsayTMnas;dIFIøeRkARbB½n§tulakar tamry³KN³kmμakarsurieyadI. karxVHb½NÑ

km μsiT§idIFIøeFVI[GñkRkIRkRtUvRbQmnwgkarrMelaPykdI nigTMnas;dIFIø. enAeBlEdlynþkarenH ®tUv )anBRgwg RbCaBlrdæ BiessePaKIRkIRk nwgmanlT§PaBeRbIR)as;ynþkarenHkñúgkaredaHRsayvivaT dIFøI edaycMNayeBlevla nigfvikakñúgkMritTab.

- begáInkarKaMBarEpñksgÁmdl;RkumEdlskm μesdækic© tamry³esvanItism,Tan karbNþúHbNþalviC¢a CIv³ nig»kaskargaredayEp¥ktamshKmn_.

- BRgwgnUvCMnYysgÁmsMrab;RbCaCnNaEdlGaccUlrYmenAkñúgvis½yesdækic©dUcCa cas;Cra nigCnBikar nigedIm,ICYydl;kumarkMRBa nigkumarGnafars;enAtamcieBa©Imfñl;.

- BRgwgviFankar edIm,IbegáInnUvkic©KaMBarkumarenAkEnøgkargartamry³karGnuvtþn_ nigkarRtYtBinitü km μviFIkarBarBlkmμkumar EdlrYmmanviFankarKaMRTxagGaharUbtßmÖ KaMRTpøÚvc,ab; karelIkkMBs; karyl;dwg karGb;rM karRtYtBinitüeTAelIBlkmμkumar RBmCamYynigkarpþl;nUvCMerIsepSg²kñúg karrkTTYlTan.

- eFIV[RbesIreLIgnUvkarRKb;RKgeRKaHFm μCati tamry³karbegáInkarsRmbsRmYlenAkñúgcMeNamGñk Bak;B½n§d¾sMxan;² nigeRtomxøÜn[)anRbesIrCagmun edIm,ITb;Tl;nwgeRKaHFmμCatiepSg² enAeBl GnaKt.

- CMrujkarGnuvtþn_km μviFIsm,TandI sgÁmkic© dl;RbCaCnEdlxVHdIsMrab;lMenAsßan nigsMrab;eFVIksikmμ ciBa©wmCIvitCalkçN³RKYsarEdlmanRbmaN 13° énRbCaCnTUTaMgRbeTs. PaBRkIRkpSarP¢ab; edaypÞal;eTAnwgPaBKμandIFIø dUecñH karEbgEckdIFIønwgnaMeTArkkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk edaykarpþl; [GñkRkIRknUvRTBüEdlmanplitPaB nigl½kçx½NÐGnueRKaHepSg²eTot.

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2>1>6 PaBxusKñatamtMbn;kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk1 rUb 2>1>3 )anbgðajBIkarEbgEcktamtMbn;énsUcnakr KGsk1 tamextþ¼Rkug. tMélnImYy²

tMNag[snÞsSn_EdlmanTMgn;mFümesμ IKña (equally weighted index) énsUcnakrEdlmanTinñn½y TaMgGs;rbs; KGsk1. snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk1 bgðajnUvrUbPaBénkarEbgEcksßanPaBrbs;RbeTs Tak;TgeTAnwgPaBRkIRkF¶n;F¶r nigPaBGt;Xøan. lT§plTaMgenHGnuBaØati[eyIgeFVIkarEbgEckextþ¼Rkug CabIlMdab;fñak; GaRs½yeTAtamlMdab;snÞsSn_rbs;xøÜn. extþ¼RkugNaEdlmanBN’ébtg KWCaextþ¼Rkug EdlmanlT§PaBRbesIrCageKkñúgkarsMerccMNucedA cMENkBN’elOg nigBN’Rkhm KWCaextþ¼RkugTaMg LayNaEdlmanlT§PaBmFüm nigGn;CageKtamlMdab;kñúgkarsMerccMNucedA enAqñaM20158. bNþa extþ¼RkugEdlmanBN’Rkhm KWeRcInEtsßitenAtMbn;Eb:kBay½Bü |san nigGeKñy_énRbeTs. rUb 2>1>4³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk1 tamextþ¼Rkug

sMKal;³ snÞsSn_ KGsk1 KWCamFümPaKEdlmanTMgn;esμ IKñaeTAtamlMdab;extþ¼RkugnImYy²éntMélsUcnakrcMnYn 6 rbs; KGsk1.

8 snÞsSn_RtUv)anKNnaedayeyageTAtamrUbmnþEdlbgðajkñúg]bsm½<n§ K.

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tarag 2>1>3³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk1 tamextþ¼Rkug

elxkUd extþ-Rkug snÞsSn_

1>1 snÞsSn_

1>3 snÞsSn_

1>4 snÞsSn_

1>6 snÞsSn_

1>7 snÞsSn_

1>8 snÞsSn_ KGsk1

07 kMBt 0/882 0/793 0/780 0/395 0/993 0/896 0/790 12 PñMeBj 0/958 0/928 1/000 1/000 0/413 0/407 0/784 18 RkugRBHsIhnu 0/709 0/928 0/780 0/395 0/993 0/896 0/783 23 RkugEkb 0/542 0/906 0/780 0/395 0/993 0/896 0/752 01 bnÞaymanC½y 0/633 0/826 0/794 0/888 0/333 0/984 0/743 21 taEkv 0/921 0/837 0/775 0/439 0/487 0/879 0/723 02 )at;dMbg 0/795 0/642 0/936 0/636 0/227 0/944 0/697 08 kNþal 0/885 0/824 0/394 0/299 0/847 0/905 0/692 09 ekaHkug 1/000 0/837 0/647 0/000 0/653 0/971 0/685 05 kMBgsW< 0/888 0/713 0/587 0/357 0/507 1/000 0/675 19 sÞwgERtg 0/908 1/000 0/450 0/136 0/907 0/642 0/674 15 eBaF×sat; 0/634 0/788 0/482 0/296 0/740 0/922 0/644 03 kMBg;cam 0/956 0/727 0/413 0/231 0/593 0/938 0/643 24 Rkugéb:lin 0/000 0/928 0/936 0/636 0/227 0/944 0/612 13 RBHvihar 0/765 0/725 0/450 0/136 0/907 0/642 0/604 10 RkecH 0/658 0/824 0/450 0/136 0/907 0/642 0/603 22 ]tþrmanC½y 0/653 0/587 0/317 0/146 0/927 0/959 0/598 20 sVayerog 0/603 0/909 0/500 0/126 0/767 0/534 0/573 04 kMBg;qñaMg 0/591 0/000 0/491 0/310 1/000 0/951 0/557 17 esomrab 0/488 0/355 0/317 0/146 0/927 0/959 0/532 06 kMBg;FM 0/765 0/259 0/339 0/265 0/000 0/979 0/435 14 éRBEvg 0/495 0/226 0/000 0/129 0/627 0/864 0/390 11 mNÐlKIrI 0/869 0/562 0/128 0/000 0/620 0/000 0/363 16 rtn³KirI 0/993 0/105 0/128 0/000 0/620 0/000 0/308

sMKal;³ KNnaedayeRbITinñn½yBIkm μviFIes,ógGaharBiPBelak ¬2002¦ {kar)a:n;sμaneTAelIGRtaPaBRkIRkenAfñak;XMuenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa} Gegát esdækic© sgÁmkic©km<úCa qñaM1999 nigGegátRbCasaRsþ nigsuxPaBkm<úCa qñaM2000.

25

2>2 eKaledATI2³ sMerc[)anCaTUeTAkarGb;rMmUldæanry³eBl 9qñaM eKaledATI2 maneKalbMNgFana[kumarTaMgGs;manlT§PaBbBa©b;vKÁsikSakMritGb;rMmUldæan[

)aneBjelj. 2>2>1 sUcnakr nigcMNucedAén KGsk2 tarag 2>2>1 )anbgðaj[eXIjenAkñúgCYrQrxageqVg KWCacMNucedA nigsUcnakrEdl)anesñI eLIgedayGgÁkarshRbCaCati rIÉCYrQrxagsþaM bgðajBIcMNucedA nigsUcnakrEdl)aneRCIserIseday raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa bnÞab;BImankarBieRKaHeyabl;CamYynwgPaKIBak;B½n§sMxan;²rYcmk. tarag 2>2>1³ mUldæanIykmμ KGs2 eTACa KGsk2

eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_sklTI2 KGsk2cMNucedATI3³ Fana[kumarTaMgGs;)anbBa©b;;kar sikSakMritbzmsikSa enAmundMNac;qñaM2015

cMNucedArYmTI3³ Fana[kumarTaMgGs;)anbBa©b;karsikSakMritbzm sikSa enAmundMNac;qñaM2010 nigkarsikSakMritmUldæanry³eBl 9qñaM enAmundMNac;qñaM2015

sUcnakr6³ GRtaBiténkarsikSaenAbzmsikSa sUcnakr2>1³ GRtaBitcUleronfμ IsUcnakr2>2³ GRtaBiténkarsikSaenAbzmsikSa sUcnakr2>3³ GRtaBiténkarsikSaenAmFümsikSabzmPUmisUcnakr2>4³ smamaRtkumarGayuBI6 eTA14qñaM Edlmin)an cUleron

sUcnakr7³ smamaRténsisSEdl)aneronBIfñak;TI1 dl;fñak;TI5

sUcnakr2>5³ GRtaKg;vgSénsisS Edl)aneronBIfñak;TI1 dl;fñak; TI5sUcnakr2>6³ GRtaKg;vgSénsisS Edl)aneronBIfñak;TI1 dl;fñak; TI6 ¬fñak;cugeRkayénkarsikSakMritbzmsikSa¦ sUcnakr2>7³ GRtaKg;vgSénsisS Edl)aneronBIfñak;TI1 dl;fñak; TI9 ¬fñak;cugeRkayénkarsikSakMritmUldæan¦

sUcnakr8³ GRtaGkçrkm μénGñkEdlmanGayuBI15 eTA 24qñaM

sUcnakr2>8³ GRtaGkçrkmμénGñkEdlmanGayuBI15 eTA 24qñaM

cMNucedATI4³ lubbM)at;vismPaBeynD½rkñúgkarGb;rM kMritbzmsikSa nigmFümsikSa [)anmundMNac;qñaM 2005 nigenARKb;kMritsikSamin[hYsBIqñaM2015

cMNucedArYmTI4³ lubbM)at;vismPaBeynD½rkñúgkarGb;rMkMrit mUldæan ry³eBl 9qñaM [)anmundMNac;qñaM2010

sUcnakr9³ pleFobcMnYnkumarICamYycMnYnkumaraEdl eronenAbzmsikSa mFümsikSa nig]tþmsikSa ¬1¦

sUcnakr2>9³ pleFobcMnYnkumarICamYycMnYnkumara EdleronenA bzmsikSasUcnakr2>10³ pleFobcMnYnkumarICamYycMnYnkumara EdleronenA mFümsikSabzmPUmi

¬1¦sUcnakr9 EdlmanenAkñúgbBa¢I KGs RtUv)anP¢ab;eTAnwgeKaledATI3 . bu:EnþGKÁelxaFikardæanénRkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_sgÁmkic© )ansMerc dak;EpñkxøHéncMNucedATI4 nigsUcnakr9 EdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgkarsikSaenAbzmsikSa nigmFümsikSabzmPUmi[mkenACamYy KGsk2 vij edaysareKaledAenHmankarBak;B½n§nigmanlkçN³rYmeTAnwgeKaledAEdlTak;TgnwgeynD½r.

26

tarag 2>2>2 bgðajnUvtMélTinñn½ymUldæan nigtMélcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk2 tam lMdab;qñaM. Tinñn½ymUldæan CaqñaMknøgeTAfμ I²EdlmanTinñn½y ehIytMélénqñaMmUldæanmanenAqñaM1999 rWqñaM2001. karkMnt;tMélcMnucedA RtUv)anEp¥keTAelIr)aykarN_bMeBjkargarvis½yGb;rM ¬karBinitü eLIgvijnUvkm μviFIKaMRTvis½yGb;rM qñaM2003¦ EpnkarCatiGb;rMsMrab;TaMgGs;Kña qñaM2003-2005 nig karBieRKaHeyabl;CamYyRksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa. tarag 2>2>2³ tMélTinñn½ymUldæan nigtMélcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakrén KGsk2 tamlMdab;qñaM


2>1 GRtaBitcUleronfμ I 81k 2001 95 100 1002>2 GRtaBiténkarsikSaenAbzmsikSa

1> kumara 2> kumarI

87k

90K 84k

20012001 2001

95 96 94

100 100 100

100100 100

2>3 GRtaBiténkarsikSaenAmFümsikSabzmPUmi1> kumara 2> kumarI

19k

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20012001 2001

50 51 49

75 75 75

100100 100

2>4 smamaRtkumarGayuBI 6 eTA 14qñaM Edlmin)ancUleron 35x 1999 22 11 02>5 GRtaKg;vgSénsisS Edl)aneronBIfñak;TI1 dl; TI5 58K 2001 77 100 1002>6 GRtaKg;vgSénsisS Edl)aneronBIfñak;TI1 dl; TI6 ¬fñak;cugeRkayénkarsikSakMritbzmsikSa¦

51K 2001 73 100 100

2>7 GRtaKg;vgSénsisS Edl)aneronBIfñak;TI1 dl; TI9 ¬fñak;cugeRkayénkarsikSakMritmUldæan¦

33K 2001 52 76 100

2>8 GRtaGkçrkm μénGñkEdlmanGayuBI 15 eTA 24qñaM 82x 1999 90 95 1002>9 pleFobcMnYnkumarI CamYykumara EdleronenAbzmsikSa 87K 2001 98 100 1002>10 pleFobcMnYnkumarI CamYykumara EdleronenAmFümsikSa bzmPUmi

63K 2001 96 100 100

RbPB³ k - RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nig kILa 2002k. x - Tinñn½ymUldæanénGegátesdækic©sgÁmkic©km<úCa qñaM1999. K - Tinñn½ymUldæanénsißti nigGaMgDIkarT½rGb;rM qñaM2001¼2002.

2>2>2 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk2 lT§PaBTTYl)ankarGb;rMmUldæan GacRtUv)anvas;sÞg;edayGRtaBitcUleronfμ I GRtaBiténkar

sikSaenAbzmsikSa GRtaBiténkarsikSaenAmFümsikSabzmPUmi nigsmamaRtkumarGayuBI 6 eTA 14qñaM Edlmin)ancUleron. GRtaBitcUleronf μ IKWman 81° enAqñaM2001. GRtaenH)anekIneLIgy:ag

27

xøaMgkñúgcenøaHqñaM1997 eTAqñaM2001. tamninñakarknøgmk RbeTskm<úCaTMngCanwgQandl;cMNucedA rbs;xøÜn EdlmanGRtaBitcUleronfμ IenAfñak;TI1 dl;eTA100° mundMNac;qñaM2005 ¬rUb 2>2>1¦. rUb 2>2>1³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénGRtaBitcUleronfμ I

6062

71

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50

60

70

80

90

100

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

CaPaKr

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RbPB³ RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa 1998/ 1999/ 2000/ 2001 nig 2002k.

GRtaBiténkarsikSaenAbzmsikSaman 87° enAqñaM2001. GRtaenH)annigkMBugekIneLIgenA kñúgry³eBlbu:nμanqñaMknøgmk elIkElgEtenAqñaM2000 EdleK)ansegáteXIjfamankarcuHfybniþc. tamninñakarknøgmk RbeTskm<úCaTMngCanwgsMerc)annUvcMNucedArbs;xøÜn kñúgGRtaBiténkarsikSa eGay)an 100° munqñaM2010 ¬rUb 2>2>2¦.

rUb 2>2>2³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénGRtaBiténkarsikSaenAbzmsikSa

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97

50

60

70

80

90

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1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

CaPaKr

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RbPB³ RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa 1998/ 1999/ 2000/ 2001 nig2002k.

RbsinebITinñn½yRtUv)anEbgEckeTAtamePT enaHninñakarrbs;RkummnusSTaMgBIrePT KWsßitenABI elIcMNucedArbs;xøÜn EdlnwgRbsBVKñaenAkñúgqñaM2005. enHmann½yfa RbeTskm<úCa nwgsMerc)annUv cMNucedArbs;xøÜn TaMgRkumkumara nigRkumkumarI. elIsBIenHeTAeTot km<úCanwgGacsMerc)annUvsmPaB eynD½rkñúgGRtaBiténkarsikSaenAbzmsikSapgEdr enAqñaM2005 ¬rUb 2>2>2>1¦.

ninñakar cMnucedA

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28

rUb 2>2>2>1³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénGRtaBiténkarsikSaenAbzmsikSa tamePT

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84

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80

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CaPaKr

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RbPB³ RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nig kILa 1998/ 1999/ 2000/ 2001 nig 2002k ehIynigTinñn½ymUldæanénsißti nigGaMgDIkarT½rGb;rM

qñaM1997¼1998/ 1998¼1999/ 1999¼2000/ 2000¼2001 nig2001¼2002.

GRtaBiténkarsikSaenAmFümsikSabzmPUmienAfñak;Catiman 19° enAqñaM2001. GRtaenH)an Føak;cuHenAqñaM1998 bnÞab;mkk¾)anekIneLIgbnþicrhUtdl;qñaMfμ I²enH. tamninñakarknøgmk RbeTskm<úCa dUcCaminGacnwgmanlT§PaBsMercnUvcMNucedA100° rbs;xøÜnmundMNac;qñaM2015eLIy ¬rUb 2>2>3¦. rUb 2>2>3³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénGRtaBiténkarsikSaenAmFümsikSabzmPUmi

16 14 14 17 19

50

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100

26 3022

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20

40

60

80

100

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

CaPaKr

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RbPB³ RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nig kILa 1998/ 1999/ 2000/ 2001 nig 2002k.

RbsinebITinñn½yRtUv)anEbgEckeTAtamePT enaHninñakarrbs;RkumsisSTaMgBIrePT sßitenABI eRkamcMNucedArbs;xøÜn EdlnwgRbsBVKñaenAkñúgkMlugqñaM2010. RbeTskm<úCa minTMngCaGacsMercnUv cMNucedArbs;xøÜn TaMgRkumsisSRbus nigRkumsisSRsI. k¾b:uEnþ RbeTskm<úCaGacnwgsMercnUvsmPaB eynD½rkñúgGRtaBiténkarsikSaenAmFümsikSabzmPUmi enAqñaM2010 ¬rUb 2>2>3>1¦.

ninñakar cMnucedA

kumara

kumarI

ninñakar

cMnucedA

29

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20 17 17 20 21

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26 2823

100

75

51

2126

31

49

0

20

40

60

80

100

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

CaPaKr

y

RbPB³ RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nig kILa 1998/ 1999/ 2000/ 2001 nig 2002k ehIynigTinñn½ymUldæanénsißti nigGaMgDIkarT½rGb;rM

qñaM1997¼1998/ 1998¼1999/ 1999¼2000/ 2000¼2001 nig2001¼2002.

smamaRtkumarGayuBI 6 eTA 14qñaM Edlmin)ancUleronman 35° enAqñaM1999. GRtaenH )anFøak;cuHEtbnþiccab;taMgBIqñaM1997mk. RbsinebIninñakarknøgmkenAEtbnþeTotenaH km<úCaminTMngCa GacsMerc)ancMNucedArbs;xøÜn kñúgkarlubbM)at;nUvkrNIkumarmanGayuBI 6 eTA 14qñaM Edlmin)ancUl eronenAsalaenaHeLIy ¬rUb 2>2>4¦.

rUb 2>2>4³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénsmamaRtkumarGayuBI6-14qñaMEdlmin)ancUleron

36 3530 28

32

0

11

22

0

10

20

30

40

50

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

CaPaKr

y

RbPB³ Tinñn½ymUldæan énGegátesdækic©sgÁmkic©km<úCa enAqñaM1997 nigqñaM1999.

GRtaKg;vgSénsisSvas;EvgnUvRbsiT§PaBénRbBn§½Gb;rM. GRtaKg;vgSénsisSEdl)aneronBIfñak; TI1 dl;TI5 enAfñak;Catiman 58° enAqñaM2001 ehIy)anekIneLIgxøaMgenAkñúgry³eBlBIqñaM1997 dl; qñaM2001. tamninñakarknøgmk RbeTskm<úCaTMngCaGacsMerc)an cMNucedArbs;xøÜn[)andl; 100° nUvGRtaKg;vgSénsisSEdl)aneronBIfñak;TI1 dl;fñak;TI5 enAmunqñaM2015 ¬rUb 2>2>5¦.

kumara kumarI

ninñakar

cMnucedA

cMnucedA

ninñakar

30

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41 45 4856 58

77

100 100

99

76

0

20

40

60

80

100

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

CaPaKr

y

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3237 40

48 51

73

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71

96

0

20

40

60

80

100

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

CaPaKr

y


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ninñakar

cMnucedA

ninñakar

cMnucedA

31

rUb 2>2>7³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénGRtaKg;vgSénsisS Edl)aneronBIfñak;TI1 dl;TI9

18 19 2026

33

52

76

100

68

87

49

0

20

40

60

80

100

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

CaPaKr

y


GRtaGkçrkmμénGñkEdlmanGayuBI15 eTA 24qñaM enAfñak;Catiman 82° enAqñaM1999 eday ekIneLIgBI 79° enAkñúgqñaM1996. RbsinebIGRtaenHenAEtbnþdEdl RbeTskm<úCaminTMngCaGac sMerc)annUvcMNucedAén KGs rbs;xøÜn[)andl; 100° énGRtaGkçrkmμenH enAmundMNac;qñaM2015 enaHeT ¬rUb 2>2>8¦. rUb 2>2>8³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénGRtaGkçrkm μénGñkEdlmanGayuBI15 eTA24qñaM

7981 82

90

93

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100

75

80

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1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

CaPaKr

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RbPB³ Tinñn½ymUldæanénGegátesdækic©sgÁmkic©km<úCa enAqñaM1996/ 1997 nig1999.

smPaBeynD½rkñúgkarGb;rMmUldæanRtUv)anvas;Evg edaypleFobcMnYnkumarI CamYykumara Edl eronenAbzmsikSa nigmFümsikSabzmPUmi. pleFobcMnYnkumarICamYykumara EdleronenAbzmsikSa man 87° enAqñaM2001 ehIy)anekIneLIgbnþic cab;taMgBIqñaM1997mk. tamninñakarknøgmk RbeTs km<úCaminTMngCaGacpSarP¢ab;nUvKMlateynD½renAbzmsikSa [)anmundMNac;qñaM2010 )aneLIy ¬rUb 2>2>9¦.

ninñakar

cMnucedA

ninñakar

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32

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97

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80

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1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

CaPaKr

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RbPB³ Tinñn½ymUldæanénsißti nigGaMgDIkarT½rGb;rMqñaM1997¼1998/ 1998¼1999/ 1999¼2000/ 2000¼2001 nig2001¼2002.

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54 52 55 59 63

96 100 100

8699

73

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20

40

60

80

100

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

CaPaKr

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RbPB³ Tinñn½ymUldæanénsißti nigGaMgDIkarT½rGb;rM qñaM1997¼1998/ 1998¼1999/ 1999¼2000/ 2000¼2001 nig2001¼2002.

2>2>3 eKalneya)ay nigkmμviFIsMxan;² naeBlbc©úb,nñ EdlrYmcMENkdl; KGsk2 naeBlbc©úb,nñ eKalneya)aycMnYn 5 RtUv)anGnum½tedayRksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa CamYy

édKUrbs;xøÜn taMgBIBak;kNþalqñaM2002mkemø:H. kñúgeKalneya)aynImYy² manEpnkarskm μPaBCa yuT§saRsþsMrab;qñaM2003 dl;qñaM2006 edIm,IFanakarsMerc[)annUveKaledA nigcMnucedATaMgLayén vis½yGaTiPaB. eKalneya)ayTaMg 5 mandUcteTA³

1> PaBCaédKURbkbedayRbsiT§PaB edIm,Ieq<aHeTArkkarGb;rMsMrab;TaMgGs;Kña. 2> begáInlT§PaBTTYl)anesvaGb;rMRbkbedaysmFm’. 3> kMENlMGKuNPaB nigRbsiT§PaBépÞkñúgénkarGb;rM. 4> begáInkarRKb;RKg nigvishmCÄkarénesvaGb;rM. 5> begáInkarEbgEckFnFan[)aneRcIndl;vis½yGb;rM.

ninñakar

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33

km μviFIKaMRTvis½yGb;rM 2002-2006 )anrayeQμaHkmμviFIskmμPaBGaTiPaBcMnYn 12 Edlkñúg cMeNamenaHman 8 kmμviFI EdlepþateTAelIkarGb;rMmUldæan tamry³EpñkepSg²dUcteTAenH³ kmμviFI begáInRbsiT§PaBénesvaGb;rM kmμviFIbegáInRbsiT§PaB nigKuNPaBénkarGb;rMkMritbzmsikSa kmμviFIbegáIn RbsiT§PaB nigKuNPaBénkarGb;rMkMritmFümsikSa km μviFIbnþBRgwgsmtßPaBRKUbeRgon km μviFIpÁt;pÁg; sMPar³]beTÞseKalRbkbedaycIrPaB km μviFIBRgIkkarGb;rMeRkARbB½n§ km μviFIBRgwgRbB½n§tamdanRtYt Binitü nigkm μviFIpþl;GaharUbkrN_ nigrgVan;elIkTwkcitþsMrab;karcUleronRbkbedaysmFm’. elIsBI enHeTAeTot raCrdæaPi)almankm μviFIvinieyaK EdlepþatCasMxan;elIkarsagsg;GaKarsikSa nigbMBak; brikçarsikSadl;salaeron ehIynigkarGPivDÆn_sßab½n nigkarksagsmtßPaB. 2>2>4 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² cMeBaHkarsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk2 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;²enAkñúgvis½yGb;rMcMnYn 6 RtUv)ankMNt;dUcteTA³

- TI1 KWtMrUvkaredaHRsayvismPaBkñúgvis½yGb;rM tamsßanPaBesdækic©sgÁmkic© eynD½r CnCati nigtMbn;. KMlatTaMgenHmankarBak;B½n§eTAnwglT§PaBTTYl)ankarGb;rM nigKuNPaBGb;rM ehIy manlkçN³kan;EtF¶n;F¶reLIg enAeBlEdlkMriténkarGb;rMekIneLIg.

- TI2 KWkarEklMGbrimaN nigKuNPaBénesvaGb;rMkñúgbNþabBaðaRbQmd¾FM²rbs;raCrdæaPi)al enAkñúgvis½yGb;rM. bBaðaTaMgenaHman karpÁt;pÁg;salaeronmin)anRKb;RKan;eFobnwgdg;sIuet RbCaCn karpÁt;pÁg;salaeronminmanRKb;kMritfñak;sMrab;karGb;rMmUldæan kgVHbuKÁlikEdl)an qøgvKÁbNþúHbNþal kgVHkarelIkTwkcitþkñúgcMeNambuKÁlikbeRgon[smRsbeTAnwgkarbMeBj kic©karenAkMritx<s; nigelIkTwkcitþRKUeTAbeRgonenAtMbn;dac;Rsyal karRtYtBinitükarbMeBj kargar nigvtþmanrbs;buKÁlik kgVHsMPar³]beTÞs nigkgVHbgÁn;Gnam½y nigTwks¥atenAtam salaeron.

- TI3 Bak;B½n§GñkeRbIR)as;esvakm μ RtUvbegáIntMrUvkarxagkarGb;rMtamry³ (i) bnßytMélcMNay enARtg;kEnøgNaEdlman]bsKÁ (ii) pøas;bþÚrpñt;KMnit[vilRtLb;eTArkkarGb;rM (iii) kat;bnßy tMélkalanuvtþPaBénkarcUleronsMrab;RKYsarRkIRk nig (iv) kat;bnßykgVHxatGaharUbtßmÖ EdlCH\T§iBldl;karykcitþTukdak;eronsURtrbs;;sisSkñúgfñak; nigdl;karbMeBjkic©karsala.

- TI4 karbegáInnUvdMeNIrkarvimCÄkar nigbegáInkarcUlrYmBIshKmn_[)anFMeFgCagmunenAkñúg karRKb;RKgsala KWCabBaðaRbQmeTAmuxd¾Evgq¶aymYyeTot cMeBaHvis½yGb;rM. vaCakarcaM)ac; kñúgkarCYy[salaeron RKwHsßansikSa nigshKmn_ [mansMelg nigkarTTYlxusRtUveRcInCag munenAkñúgdMeNIrkar nigkarRKb;RKgesvaGb;rM. kñúgbribTRbeTskm<úCa karcUlrYmBIshKmn_d¾

34

TUlMTUlayCagmun nwgmansar³sMxan;y:agxøaMg kñúgkarEklMGKuNPaBesvaGb;rM k¾dUcCabegáIn tMrUvkaresvaTaMgenaHedayRKYsarnana.

- bBaðaEdl)anelIkeLIgxagelI sþIGMBIkarpÁt;pÁg; nigtMrUvkaresvaGb;rM RtUv)anqøúHbBa©aMgenAkñúg GRtad¾TabénkarKg;vgSrbs;sisSeronenAsalabzmsikSa nigenAGnuviTüal½y k¾dUcCaenAkñúg GRtad¾TabénkarcUleronenAGnuviTüal½y. dUecñH bBaðaRbQmTI5 KWeFVIy:agNa[kumarEdl)an cUleronehIymine)aHbg;salavij tamry³CMerIsepSg².

- bBaðaRbQmcugeRkay KWTak;TgeTAnwgkarEklMGKuNPaB niglT§PaBTTYl)ankarGb;rMmetþyü sikSa. kumartUc²CaeRcIn minmanPaBeBjlkçN³RKb;RKan; edIm,ITTYl)ankarsikSaenAeBl EdlBYkeKcUleronCaelIkdMbUg. bBaðaenHvaTak;TgeTAnwgkgVHGaKarmetþyüsikSa GaharUbtßmÖ nigkarKaMBarsuxPaB.

2>2>5 Rkbx½NÐkargaredIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedA KGsk2 KMnitpþÜcepþImeKalneya)aysMxan;² manEpnkaryuT§saRsþGb;rM (ESP) km μviFIKaMRTvis½yGb;rM

(ESSP) nigEpnkarGb;rMsMrab;TaMgGs;Kña (EFA). smasFatusñÚl énKMnitpþÜcepþImTaMgGs;enHman esckþIsegçbdUcxageRkam³ - karFana[)annUvlT§PaBTTYl)ankarGb;rMmUldæanRbkbedaysmFm’ tamry³karbegáInfvikaeGay

)aneRcIndl;karGb;rMmUldæan ¬karGb;rMkMritbzmsikSa nigkMritmFümsikSabzmPUmi¦ nigkarpþl;nUv R)ak;]btßmÖcMeBaHGñk EdlK μanlT§PaBcMNayelIkareronsURt. eRkABIenH raCrdæaPi)alnwgRtUvelIk kMBs;karcUlrYmBIshKmn_ nigBImatabitasisS[)aneRcInCagmun enAkñúgkarRKb;RKgesvaGb;rM tam ry³smaKmmatabitasisS nigRKUbeRgon ehIynigsmaKmepSg² EdlmanlkçN³dUcKñaenH.

- epþatkarykcitþTukdak;dl;sisSanusisSEdlecjBIRKYsarRkIRk edIm,IFananUv»kases μ IKña tamry³ karpþl;CameFüa)ayeFVIdMeNIr nigGaharUbkrN_ CaBiesssMrab;kumarI. yuT§saRsþCaGaTiPaBsMrab; kat;bnßynUvkMritGnkçrkm μrbs;yuvCnyuvnarIenARbeTskm<úCa kñúgry³eBlEvg KWRtUvykcitþTukdak; eTAelIkarsikSaenAtamsala EdlFananUvsiT§rbs;kumarkm<úCaTaMgGs; kñúgkarbBa©b;karsikSakMrit mUldæanRbkbedayKuNPaBl¥. GaTiPaBnwgRtUvpþl;eTAelIkarkat;bnßy[)anbnþicmþg² nUvcMnYn salaEdlminmanlkçN³eBjelj kñúgry³eBlmFüm edaykat;bnßynUvkarbeRgonfñak;KYb tam meFüa)aydUcxageRkam³ EbgEcknUvxÞg;fvikaRbtibtþirbs;sala edayEp¥keTAelIrUbmnþ Edlpþl;plRbeyaCn_eTA[

salatUc².

35

pþl;GaTiPaBeTA[salaNa EdlminmanRKb;kMritsikSa kñúgkmμviFIsßabnaGaKarsikSa.

bBa©ÚlkarelIkTwkcitþEbbf μ I cMeBaHkarbeRgonfñak;KYb nigcMeBaHGñkeFVIkarenAtMbn;dac;Rsyal.

eFVIkargarCabzm elIkmμviFIsikSasMrab;bNþúHbNþalRKUbeRgonfñak;KYb.

- karelIkkMBs;kMEnlMGKuNPaB nigRbsiT§PaB tamry³karbegáInR)ak;ebovtSr_RKb;RKan; nigcMNay RbtibtþiEdlminEmnCaR)ak;ebovtSr_ edaytMrg;TiseTArkkarpÁt;pÁg;sMPar³]beTÞs nigbMBak;brikçar dl;EpñkGb;rMmUldæan karGPivDÆn_RKUbeRgon nigkMEnTMrg;tamdanKuNPaB nigGPi)alkic©. viFankar d¾manRbsiT§PaB nwgepþatkarykcitþTukdak;eTAelIkardak;BRgaybuKÁlikbeRgon nigbuKÁlikmin beRgon[manRbsiT§PaBCagmun. GaTiPaBdéTeTot mandUcCa (i) BRgIk nigEklMGkarEfTaM nigkar Gb;rMkumartUc²edIm,IbegáInnUvPaBeRtomxøÜnCaeRsckñúgkarcUleronenAsala plitPaB nigRbsiT§PaB kñúgkarbeRgon nig (ii) begáItviFIsaRsþ nigsMPar³beRgonEdlsmRsbeTAtamGayu edIm,IFanafa sisSanusisSrIkraynwgbTBiesaFn_kñúgkareronsURtrbs;BYkeK enAÉsalaeron nigkarcMerIneLIgBI mYyfñak;eTAmYyfñak;eTot edayminmankarRtYtfñak;rhUtdl;BYkeKbBa©b;karsikSakMritmUldæan.

- BenøÓndMeNIrkarvimCÄkar edaybegáInsV½yPaBkñúgkarRKb;RKgRKwHsßanGb;rMTaMgGs; BRgIkkarepÞr siT§iGMNac[dl;extþnigRsuk kñúgkareFVIEpnkarnigkarRKb;RKg edaypSarP¢ab;CamYynwgKMnitpþÜcepþIm rbs;XMu¼sgáat; elIkarGb;rMsMrab;TaMgGs;Kña nigedayBRgwgnUvRbB½n§tamdan nigsavnkarEdlman lkçN³vimCÄkarenaH.

2>2>6 PaBxusKñatamtMbn;kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk2

rUb 2>2>11 bgðajBIkarEbgEcktamtMbn;énsUcnakr KGsk2 tamextþ¼Rkug. tMélnImYy² tMNageGaysnÞsSn_manTMgn;mFümes μIKña (equally weighted index) énsUcnakr EdlmanTinñn½y TaMgGs;rbs; KGsk2. snÞsSn_rYmrbs; KGsk2 bgðajtamry³EpnTI EdlEbgEcktamsßanPaB rbs;RbeTs EdlTak;TgeTAnwgkarGb;rMmUldæanCaTUeTA. lT§plénlMhat;enH GnuBaØati[eyIgeFVI cMNat;fñak;extþCabIlMdab;fñak; eTAtamlMdab;snÞsSn_rbs;extþTaMgenaH. extþ¼RkugNa EdlmanBN’ ébtg KWCaextþEdlmanlT§PaBRbesIrCageKkñúgkarsMerccMNucedA. cMENkBN’elOg nigBN’Rkhm KWCaextþ¼RkugTaMgLayNa EdlmanlT§PaBmFüm nigGn;CageKtamlMdab; kñúgkarsMerccMNucedA. bNþaextþ¼Rkug EdlmanBN’Rkhm KWeRcInEtsßitenAtMbn;PaKxageCIg nigPaKnirtIénRbeTs.

36

rUb 2>2>11³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk2 tamextþ¼Rkug

sMKal;³ snÞsSn_rbs; KGsk2 KWCamFümPaKEdlmanTMgn;esμ IKña eTAtamlMdab;extþnImYy²elIGefrénsUcnakrTaMg10 rbs; KGsk2

¬sUcnakr³ 2>1/ 2>2/ 2>3/ 2>4/ 2>5/ 2>6/ 2>7/ 2>8/ 2>9 nig 2>10¦.

37

tarag 2>2>3³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk2 tamextþ¼Rkug elx kUd

extþ-Rkug snÞsSn_énsUcnakr snÞsSn_ KGsk2 2>1k 2>2k 2>2>1K 2>2>2k 2>3k 2>3>1K 2>3>2k 2>4x 2>5K 2>6K 2>7K 2>8x 2>9K 2>10K

12 PñMeBj 0/872 0/956 0/945 0/960 1/000 1/000 1/000 1/000 1/000 1/000 1/000 1/000 0/855 0/940 0/962 08 kNþal 0/928 0/884 0/807 0/936 0/561 0/581 0/532 0/771 0/863 0/842 0/593 0/926 0/813 0/610 0/779 21 taEkv 0/957 0/928 0/848 0/984 0/685 0/788 0/558 0/571 0/934 0/925 0/789 0/878 0/808 0/239 0/771 07 kMBt 0/914 0/917 0/894 0/930 0/724 0/801 0/626 0/691 0/829 0/822 0/633 0/869 0/737 0/537 0/767 03 kMBg;cam 0/936 0/974 0/929 1/000 0/454 0/481 0/417 0/690 0/669 0/632 0/389 0/882 0/875 0/714 0/722 18 RkugRBHsIhnu 0/903 1/000 0/987 0/999 0/420 0/438 0/399 0/784 0/612 0/572 0/426 0/906 0/802 0/598 0/702 02 )at;dMbg 0/755 0/928 0/863 0/971 0/296 0/281 0/309 0/726 0/556 0/542 0/401 0/861 0/861 1/000 0/693 04 kMBg;qñaMg 0/903 0/964 0/926 0/985 0/321 0/374 0/260 0/616 0/738 0/687 0/524 0/789 0/872 0/414 0/683 20 sVayerog 1/000 0/966 0/929 0/988 0/524 0/652 0/368 0/693 0/731 0/716 0/455 0/892 0/731 0/123 0/683 23 RkugEkb 0/856 0/951 0/970 0/923 0/417 0/397 0/434 0/557 0/600 0/554 0/438 0/707 0/690 0/784 0/655 15 eBaF×sat; 0/977 0/966 1/000 0/935 0/217 0/243 0/183 0/624 0/600 0/537 0/408 0/931 0/826 0/450 0/654 06 kMBg;FM 0/743 0/798 0/710 0/862 0/386 0/412 0/353 0/536 0/590 0/577 0/424 0/722 1/000 0/736 0/651 01 bnÞaymanC½y 0/704 0/884 0/822 0/924 0/234 0/242 0/220 0/786 0/663 0/599 0/368 0/828 0/795 0/643 0/650 10 RkecH 0/700 0/806 0/664 0/915 0/361 0/353 0/369 0/533 0/546 0/500 0/397 0/629 0/946 0/927 0/635 14 éRBEvg 0/977 0/925 0/898 0/936 0/428 0/518 0/321 0/679 0/593 0/552 0/382 0/721 0/688 0/169 0/611 05 kMBg;sW< 1/000 0/933 0/908 0/947 0/338 0/409 0/254 0/524 0/608 0/587 0/374 0/694 0/804 0/156 0/602 17 esomrab 0/498 0/964 0/949 0/964 0/282 0/305 0/250 0/533 0/595 0/550 0/455 0/661 0/759 0/652 0/595 24 Rkugéb:lin 0/259 0/506 0/478 0/529 0/090 0/086 0/090 0/381 0/886 0/955 0/823 0/667 0/859 0/015 0/544 09 ekaHkug 0/652 0/457 0/320 0/566 0/130 0/164 0/087 0/313 0/394 0/354 0/252 0/442 0/761 0/326 0/408 19 sÞwgERtg 0/720 0/747 0/699 0/777 0/096 0/063 0/131 0/000 0/360 0/319 0/272 0/000 0/736 0/719 0/397 13 RBHvihar 0/521 0/711 0/716 0/699 0/045 0/043 0/045 0/090 0/234 0/218 0/107 0/372 0/826 0/493 0/362 22 ]tþrmanC½y 0/733 0/860 0/758 0/933 0/034 0/050 0/012 0/126 0/295 0/244 0/172 0/121 0/685 0/000 0/327 16 rtn³KirI 0/029 0/000 0/000 0/000 0/000 0/000 0/000 0/499 0/111 0/116 0/068 0/458 0/000 0/251 0/153 11 mNÐlKIrI 0/000 0/173 0/081 0/249 0/037 0/027 0/047 0/383 0/000 0/000 0/000 0/096 0/347 0/455 0/149

RbPB³ k - RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nig kILa 2002k. x - Tinñn½ymUldæanénGegátesdækic©sgÁmkic©km<úCa qñaM1999. K - Tinñn½ymUldæanénsißtinigGaMgDIkarT½rGb;rM qñaM2001¼2002.

38

2>3 eKaledATI3³ elIkkMBs;smPaBeynD½r nigkarpþl;siTi§GMNacdl;RsþI eKaledATI 3 enH maneKalbMNglubbM)at;nUvPaBxusKñaéneynD½r TaMgenAkñúgCIvPaBesdækic©

sgÁmkic© nigneya)ay.

2>3>1 sUcnakr nigcMNucedAén KGsk3 tarag 2>3>1 )anbgðaj[eXIjenAkñúgCYrQrxageqVg KWCacMNucedA nigsUcnakrEdl)anesñI

eLIgedayGgÁkarshRbCaCati rIÉCYrQrxagsþaM bgðajBIcMNucedA nigsUcnakrEdl)aneRCIserIseday raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa bnÞab;BImankarBieRKaHeyabl;CamYynwgPaKIBak;B½n§sMxan;²rYcmk. tarag 2>3>1³ mUldæanIykm μén KGs3 eTACa KGsk3

eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_sklTI3 KGsk3cMNucedATI4³ lubbM)at;KMlateynD½renAkMritbzm sikSa mFümsikSa nig]tþmsikSa [)anenAqñaM2005 nigRKb;kMritTaMgGs;énvis½yGb;rMmin[hYsBIqñaM2015

cMNucedArYmTI5³ kat;bnßy[)annUvKMlateynD½r enAkMritmFüm sikSaTutiyPUmi nig]tþmsikSa

sUcnakr9³ pleFobrvagsisSRsI nigsisSRbusenA kMritbzmsikSa mFümsikSa nig]tþmsikSa ¬1¦

sUcnakr3>1³ pleFobrvagsisSRsI nigsisSRbusenAkMrit mFümsikSaTutiyPUmisUcnakr3>2³ pleFobrvagnisiStRsI nigRbusenA]tþmsikSa

sUcnakr10³ pleFobrvagGkçrkm μRsþI nigburs Gayu 15-24qñaM

sUcnakr3>3³ pleFobrvagGkçrkmμRsþI nigburs Gayu 15-24qñaM

sUcnakr3>4³ pleFobrvagGkçrkmμRsþI nigburs Gayu 25-44qñaMcMNucedArYmTI6³ lubbM)at;KMlateynD½r sMrab;kargarman ebovtSr_ enARKb;vis½yesdækic©

sUcnakr11³ bmaNPaKénRsþIeFVIkargarmanebovtSr_ kñúgvis½yminEmnksikm μ

sUcnakr3>5³ smamaRténRsþIeFVIkargarmanebovtSr_kñúgvis½y ksikm μ ¬RbePTvis½yTI1¦sUcnakr3>6³ smamaRténRsþIeFVIkargarmanebovtSr_kñúgvis½y ]sSahkm μ ¬RbePTvis½yTI2¦sUcnakr3>7³ smamaRténRsþIeFVIkargarmanebovtSr_kñúgvis½y esvakmμ ¬RbePTvis½yTI3¦

cMNucedArYmTI7³ lubbM)at;KMlateynD½renAkñúgkic©karrdæaPi)alsUcnakr12³ smamaRtGsn³rbs;®sþIenAkñúgsPaCati sUcnakr3>8³ smamaRténGsn³rbs;®sþIenAkñúgsPaCati sUcnakr3>9³ smamaRténGsn³rbs;®sþIenAkñúgRBwT§sPa

sUcnakr3>10³ smamaRtén®sþICardæmRnþI sUcnakr3>11³ smamaRtén®sþICardæelxaFikar sUcnakr3>12³ smamaRtén®sþICaGnurdæelxaFikar sUcnakr3>13³ smamaRtén®sþICaGPi)alextþ

39

sUcnakr3>14³ smamaRtén®sþICaGPi)alextþrg sUcnakr3>15³ smamaRtén®sþICasmaCikRkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat;

cMNucedArYmTI8³ kat;bnßyRKb;TMrg;GMeBIhigSacMeBaHRsþI nigkumarsUcnakr3>16³ PaKryénRbCaCnEdldwgfaGMeBIhigSacMeBaHRsþI KWCaGakb,kiriyaxusqÁg nigCabT]Rkidæ sUcnakr3>17³ PaKrykrNIGMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsar Edl®tUv)an BieRKaHeyabl;edaybuKÁlikEdlmanCMnaj sUcnakr3>18³ c,ab;RbqaMgRKb;TMrg;GMeBIhigSacMeBaH®sþI nig kumar EdlRtUv)antak;EtgeLIg nigGnuvtþedayGnuelameTA tambTdæan nigtMrUvkarGnþrCatisUcnakr3>19³ RbmUlTinñ½ysßitiRbcaMqñaMedIm,ItamdanGMeBIhigSa cMeBaHRsþIsUcnakr3>20³ begáItEpnkarTb;sáat; nigGnuvtþ

¬1¦ sUcnakr9 EdlmanenAkñúgbBa¢I KGs RtUv)anP¢ab;eTAnwgeKaledATI3 . bu:EnþGKÁelxaFikardæanénRkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_sgÁmkic© )ansMerc dak;EpñkxøHéncMNucedATI4 nigsUcnakr9 EdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgkarsikSaenAbzmsikSa nigmFümsikSabzmPUmi[mkenACamYy KGsk2 vij edaysareKaledAenHmankarBak;B½n§nigmanlkçN³rYmeTAnwgeKaledAEdlTak;TgnwgeynD½r.

tarag 2>3>2 bgðajnUvtMélTinñn½ymUldæan nigtMélcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakrén KGsk3 sMrab;qñaM2005 2010 nig2015. tMélénqñaMmUldæanrbs;sUcnakrnImYy² manlkçN³xus²Kña eday ERbRbYleTAtamTinñn½yEdlman. tarag 2>3>2³ tMélTinñn½ymUldæan nigtMélcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakrén KGsk3 tamlMdab;qñaM


3>1 pleFobrvagsisSRsI nigRbusenAkMritmFümsikSaTutiyPUmi 48 2001 59 80 1003>2 pleFobrvagnisiStRsI nigRbusenA]tþmsikSa 38 2001 50 70 853>3 pleFobrvagGkçrkm μRsþI nigburs Gayu 15-24qñaM 87 1998 95 100 1003>4 pleFobrvagGkçrkm μRsþI nigburs Gayu 25-44qñaM 78 1998 85 100 1003>5 smamaRténRsþIeFVIkargarmanebovtSr_kñúgvis½yksikmμ ¬RbePTvis½yTI1¦

35 1998 50 50 50

3>6 smamaRténRsþIeFVIkargarmanebovtSr_kñúgvis½y]sSahkmμ μ ¬RbePTvis½yTI2¦

44 1998 50 50 50

3>7 smamaRténRsþIeFVIkargarmanebovtSr_kñúgvis½yesvakm μ ¬RbePTvis½yTI3¦

21 1998 30 37 50

3>8 smamaRténGsn³rbs;®sþIenAkñúgsPaCati 12 2003 17 24 303>9 smamaRténGsn³rbs;®sþIenAkñúgRBwT§sPa 13 2003 17 24 303>10 smamaRtén®sþICardæmRnþI 8 2003 9 12 15

40

3>11 smamaRtén®sþICardæelxaFikar 6 2003 8 15 183>12 smamaRtén®sþICaGnurdæelxaFikar 5 2003 8 17 203>13 smamaRtén®sþICaGPi)alextþ 0 2003 3 6 103>14 smamaRtén®sþICaGPi)alextþrg 1 2003 4 8 153>15 smamaRtén®sþICasmaCikRkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat; 8 2003 8 15 253>16 PaKryénRbCaCnEdldwgfaGMeBIhigSacMeBaHRsþIKWCa Gakb,kiriyaxusqÁg nigCabT]Rkidæ

K μan 25 50 100

3>17 PaKryénkrNIGMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsar Edl®tUv)anBieRKaH eyabl;edaybuKÁlikEdlmanCMnaj

K μan 20 50 100

3>18 c,ab;RbqaMgRKb;TMrg;GMeBIhigSacMeBaHRsþI nigkumar Edlnwg RtUvtak;EtgeLIg nigGnuvtþedayGnuelameTAtamniyamGnþrCati

3>19 RbmUlTinñ½ysßitiRbcaMqñaMedIm,ItamdanGMeBIhigSacMeBaHRsþI 3>20 begáItEpnkarTb;sáat; nigGnuvtþ

2>3>2 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk3

pleFobrvagsisSRsI nigRbusenAkMritmFümsikSaTutiyPUmi )anfycuHBI 56° enAqñaM1997 mk 48° enAqñaM2001. enATIRkugPñMeBj sUcnakrenH)anFøak;cuHBI 72/2° enAqñaM1997 mk 65/4° enAqñμaM2001 xN³eBlEdlenAtMbn;CnbT sUcnakrenH)anFøak;cuHBI 43/9° mkenARtWm 37° kñúg ry³eBldUcKña. pÞúymkvijenAtMbn;TIRkug¼TIRbCMuCn GRtaenH)anekIneLIgBI 55/6° enAqñaM1997 rhUtdl; 57/8° enAqñaM2001 kñúgry³eBldUcKñaenH. tamninñakarknøgmk RbeTskm<úCa minTMngCa GacsMerc)annUvcMNucedA sþIGMBIsmPaBeynD½renAkñúgkMritmFümsikSaTutiyPUmi mundMNac;qñaM2015 )aneT. rUb 2>3>1³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénpleFobrvagsisSRsI nigRbusenAkMritmFümsikSaTutiyPUmi

59

80

100

56 53 51 47 48

40

20

30

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

PaKry

cMNucedA

ninñakar

RbPB³ RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa/ sßitiGb;rM nigGaMgDIkaT½r 1996¼97/ 1997¼98/ 1998¼99/ 1999¼00/ 2000¼01/ 2001¼02.

41

pleFobrvagnisiStRsI nigRbusenA]tþmsikSa )anekIneLIgy:agelOnenAkñúgry³eBlb:un μanqñaM knøgeTAfμI²enHKWBI 19° enAqñaM1997 rhUtdl; 37/8° enAqñaM2001. karpøas;bþÚrKYr[kt;sMKal; )anekIneLIgcab;taMgBIqñaM1999 KWcab;BImankarEkTMrg;énvis½yGb;rMedayman karbegáIteLIgnUvRKwHsßan ÉkCn. ninñakarknøgmk)anbgðajfasUcnakrén KGs EdlsþIGMBIsmPaBeynD½r enAkMrit]tþmsikSa GacnwgQaneTAdl;cMNucedAenAqñaMM2015. EteTaHCay:agNak¾eday Ep¥keTAelIKMlatd¾FMéneynD½r enAkMritmFümsikSaTutiyPUmi CaehtuplEdlRtUvEtRby½tñRbEygkñúgkarsnñidæanenH. rUb 2>3>2³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénpleFobrvagnisiStRsI nigRbusenA]tþmsikSa

85

50

70

100

38

57

30292419

80

102030405060708090

100

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

PaKry

ninñakar

cMNucedA

RbPB³ RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa/ sßitiGb;rM]tþmsikSa 1996¼97/ 1997¼98/ 1998¼99/ 1999¼00/ 2000¼01.

eTaHbICaGRtaGkçrkmμ kñúgcMeNammnusSeBjv½ymankMritTabk¾eday k¾km<úCa)anbnþkt;RtanUv PaBRbesIreLIgénKMlateynD½renAkñúgGRtaGkçrkm μyuvv½y. pleFobrvagGkçrkm μ®sþI nigbursGayu 15-24qñaM )anekIneLIgbnþicBI 87° eTA 88° rvagqñaM1993 nigqñaM1999 enAxN³EdlpleFob rvagGkçrkmμ®sþI nigbursGayuBI 25-44qñaM )anekIneLIgBI 78° dl; 80° kñúgcenøaHqñaM1998 nig 1999. dUecñHRbeTskm<úCa rMBwgfanwgGacsMerc)annUvsmPaBeynD½r enAdMNac;qñaM2010.

kargarmanR)ak;ebovtSr_enAkñúgvis½yksikm μ )anekIneLIgTaMgkñúgcMeNamRsþI nigburs. smamaRtRsþIeFVIkargarmanR)ak;ebovtSr_kñúgvis½yksikmμ )anekIneLIgBI 34/9° dl; 50/7° rvagqñaM 1998 nigqñaM2001. karekIneLIgenHGacBak;B½n§eTAnwgkarrIkduHdalTIpSarEpñkplitkmμksikmμ Edl manRTg;RTayFMCagmun karekIneLIgnUvPaBK μandIFøI kMeNInRbCaCnx<s; nigkarekIneLIgnUvcMNakRsuk eTArktMbn;EdlGMeNayplEpñkksikmμ.

karGegátBIkMlaMgBlkm μ qñaM2001 )anbgðajfabursmankarcUlrYmenAkñúgBlkmμ Edlman R)ak;ebovtSr_mancMnYneRcInCagRsþI. smamaRtRsþIenAkñúgkargarEdlmanR)ak;ebovtSr_ )anekIneLIgKYr [kt;sMKal; EdlPaKeRcInekIneLIgenAkñúgvis½y]sSahkmμkat;edr. bmaNPaKRsþIeFVIkargarmanR)ak; ebovtSr_kñúgvis½y]sSahkmμ enAqñaM2001 )anekIneLIgdl; 60/8° EdlenAqñaM1998 manEt 43/7° b:ueNÑaH. bmaNPaKRsþIeFVIkargarmanR)ak;ebovtSr_kñúgvis½yesvakm μ )anekIneLIgbnþicBI 21° enAqñaM

42

1998 dl; 25° qñaM2001. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday KYrkt;sMKal;fa vamankarlM)akkñúgkareRbIR)as; sUcnakrTaMgenH edIm,I)a:n;sμaneTAelIsmPaBeynD½r edaysarEtBMumanBt’mansþIGMBIPaBxusKñaxag eynD½reTAtamRbePTénkargar rWk¾kñúgl½kçx½NÐepSg²énkargar.

smamaRtRsþIEdlmanGsn³enAkñúgrdæsPa )anekInBI 6° enAqñaM1993 rhUtdl; 12° enAqñaM 2003. RbmaNCa 13° énGsn³enAkñúgRBwT§sPabc©úb,nñ KWkan;kab;edayRsþI. RbsinebIninñakarknøg mkenAEtbnþ smamaRtRsþIenAkñúgrdæsPanwgGaceLIgdl; 19° enAqñaM2015 EdlmanKMlateRkam cMNucedA 11°. rUb 2>3>3³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénsmamaRtGsn³rbs;RsþIenAkñúgsPaCati

30

10

6

17

24

1916

1312

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

PaKry

cMNucedA

ninñakar

RbPB³ GKÁelxaFikardæanénrdæsPa bBa¢IsmaCiksPa qñaM1993 1998 nig 2001 enAkñúgvis½ysaFarN³ RbEhlCa 31° énnieyaCikCaRsþI. enAkñúgtYnaTICan;x<s;énEpñk saFarN³manRbmaNCa8° b:ueNÑaHEdl®sþICardæm®nþI 6°CardæelxaFikar nig5°CaGnurdæelxaFikar. enAfñak;mUldæan minmanRsþINamñak;kan;muxtMENgCaGPi)alextþ nigGPi)alRsukeLIy KWmanEt 1° b:ueNÑaHEdlRsþIkan;muxtMENgCaGPi)alextþrg ehIymanEt 0/5°bu:eNÑaH CaGPi)alRsukrg. ya:g Nak¾eday GRtaTaMgenHGacnwgmankarERbRbYl enAeBlEdlraCrdæaPi)alf μ IRtUv)anbegáIteLIgkñúgeBl d¾qab;xagmuxenH. 2>3>3 eKalneya)ay nigkmμviFIsMxan;² naeBlbc©úb,nñ EdlrYmcMENkdl; KGsk3

EpnkaryuT§saRsþ narIrtn³ 2001-2005 KWCaEpnkarry³eBlR)aMqñaM Edl)anepþatCa GaTiPaBeTAelIvis½ybYnEdlrYmman suxPaB Gb;rM kic©karBarpøÚvc,ab; nigkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©. eRkABI vis½yTaMgbYnenH karbRB¢aabeynD½rk¾RtUv)anTTYlsÁal;faCavis½yd¾mansar³sMxan; enAkñúgkarFanafa bBaðaeynD½rRtUv)andak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgEpnkareKalneya)ay nigkmμviFInanarbs;raCrdæaPi)al nigGgÁkar minEmnrdæaPi)al.

raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa kMBugEtGnuvtþyuT§saRsþBaNiC¢km μKaMRTdl;GñkRkIRk ehIykMBugEteRtomxøÜn cUleTAkñúgGgÁkarBaNiC¢km μBiPBelak (WTO) [)anmunqñaM2005. raCrdæaPi)alk¾)ancuHhtßelxaeTA

43

elIkic©RBmeRBogBaNiC¢km μesrIrbs;Gas‘an (ASEAN) EdlTamTarnUvkarbBa©úHGRtaBn§Kybnþicmþg² [dl;kMritsUnürvagRbeTsGas‘anTaMg 10. yuT§saRsþenHman\T§iBlya:geRcIncMeBaHRsþI edaysarEt ]sSahkm μvaynP½NÐnaMecj)ankøayeTACaRbPBd¾sMxan; énkarrkcMnUlCarUbIyb½NÑbreTs nigCaRbPB d¾sMxan;énkargarrbs;RsþIenAkñúgtMbn;TIRkug¼TIRbCMuCnpgEdr.

Epnkarskm μPaBGPi)alkic© (GAP) Edl)andak;ecjedayraCrdæaPi)alenAqñaM2001 )anRKb dNþb;eTAelIvis½yrYmcMnYnR)aM KWkMEnTMrg;xagRbB½n§c,ab;nigtulakar hirBaØvtßúsaFarN³ kMEnTMrg;esvakmμ sIuvil karRbqaMgnwgGMeBIBukrlYy nigsmFm’eynD½r. Tak;TgeTAnwgvis½yTaMgenH EpnkarskmμPaB GPi)alkic©)ankMnt;nUveKaledAcMnYn4KW (i)karGnuvtþn_ nigsRmbsRmYlkm μviFIepSg² edIm,IelIkkMBs; siT§iRsþI (ii)CMrujeGayman\T§iBleTAelIkm μviFIepSg² kñúgkMENTMrg;rdæ edIm,IeGaykmμviFITaMgenHGac BicarNa)anya:gTUlMTUlayelItMrUvkarBiessrbs;RsþI (iii)TTYlsÁal;nUvkarcUlrYmrbs;RsþICasmaCik eBjeljrbs;sgÁm (iv)vinieyaKenAkñúgtYnaTImKÁúeTsk_rbs;RsþI. manPaBeCOnelOnmYycMnYn Edl sMerc)antammUldæan kMNt;CaÉkcä½nnanadUcCa ¬1¦RkumRbwkSaCatisMrab;RsþIRtUv)anbegIááteLIg ehIy )annwgkMBugEtdMeNIrkar ¬2¦Rkbx½NÐc,ab;RbqaMgnwgkarCYjdUrRsþIRtUv)anerobcMcb;sBVRKb; ¬3¦c,ab; RbqaMgnwgGMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsarcMeBaHRsþIRtUv)anbBa©b;sBVRKb; ehIy)andak;;CUnrdæsPa nig¬4¦cMnYnRsþICa GñksMerccitþenAkñúgvis½ysaFarN³ nigvis½yÉkCn)anekIneLIg. y:agNak¾edayKYrbBa¢ak;fa eyIgRtUv karkic©xitxMRbwgERbgbEnßmeTot edaysarEtrdæsPamin)aneCaKC½y enAkñúgkarGnum½tc,ab;sþIGMBIGMeBI higSakñúgRKYsar ehIykarcUlrYmrbs;RsþIkñúgkarsMerccitþ kñúgCIvPaBsaFarN³ enAmankMrittictYcenA eLIy.

rIÉrdæ)almUldæanvij km<úCa)andMeNIrkarGnuvtþn_nUvRbB½nævimCÄkarcab;taMgBIqñaM1995 mkemø:H. RbB½n§enH)anvivtþn_kñúgry³kalknøgmk edaymankarpøas;bþÚrmYyd¾sMxan;enAkñúgkare)aHeqñatRkumRbwkSa XMu¼sgáat; naExkumÖ³ qñaM2002. bTBiesaFn_vimCÄkarknøgmkRtUv)ancat;TukfaTTYl)aneCaKC½y Ca Biess enAkñúgkarbegáInkarcUlrYmrbs;RsþI kñúgkareFVIesckþIsMerccitþ. smtßPaBrbs;RsþIEdlRtUv)an e)aHeqñateRCIserIsfμ I²TaMgenH kMBugRtUv)anBRgwgedaykm μviFIbNþúHbNþal rbs;RksYgkic©karnarI nig GtItyuT§Cn nigkmμviFIrbs;GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al EdlnwgRtUv)anbnþKaMRTedayGñkpþl;CMnYy. KN³kmμaFikarerobcMEpnkar nigfvikafμ I mansmasPaBRsþImañk; nigbursmñak;mkBIPUminimYy² Edlsßit enAkñúgXMu¼sgáat;enaHCasmaCik. raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCaTTYlsÁal;fa kMlMagmhaCnKWCaktþad¾sMxan;mYy edIm,Ipþl;[RsþInUvTMnukcitþ kñúgkarcUlrYm[)ansRsak;sRsaM. yuT§saRsþbRBa¢abeynD½rrbs;km μviFI sila qñaM2001-2005 k¾)anepþatkarykcitþTukdak;eTAelIkarbegáInkaryl;dwgGMBIbBaðaeynD½renAkñúg rdæ)almUldæan ehIynigGaCJaFrenAkñúgshKmn_tamry³ (i)karksagsmtßPaB nigkarebþCJacitþ (ii)kar

44

begáInkarcUlrYmrbs;RsþIenAkñúgkareFVIEpnkar nigGPi)alkic©kñúgkarGPivDÆn_enAmUldæan (iii)elIktMekIg smtßPaBsMrab;tamdan vaytMél nigkarRKb;RKgTinñn½yGMBIbBaðaeynD½r. 2>3>4 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² cMeBaHkarsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk3

bBaðaRbQmsMxan;²kñúgEpñksmPaBeynD½r nigkarpþl;siTi§GMNaceTA[RsþI KWsßitenAkñúgEpñk sgÁm esdækic© neya)ay nigxagpøÚvc,ab;³ - kñúgvis½ysgÁm ykcitþTukdak;CacaM)ac;kñúgkarkat;bnßy[)an nUvKMlateynD½renAkñúgkarcUleron

enAmFümsikSa nigkic©RbwgERbgenAkúñgkMritbzmsikSapgEdr. elIsBIenHeTAeTot k¾RtUv[man viFankar edIm,IedaHRsayedaypÞal;nUvbBaðaGMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsar karCYjdUrRsþI nigbTdæanvb,Fm’ Edlbgá[manvismPaBeynD½r enAkñúgEpñkCaeRcInénCIvPaBsgÁm.

- enAkñúgvis½yesdækic© bBaðaRbQmcMbg²Bak;B½n§eTAnwgkarekIneLIgnUvlT§PaBrbs;RsþI kñúgkarTTYl )annUvRTBüFnRbkbedayplitPaBdUcCa edImTunhirBaØvtßúedaykat;bnßynUv karerIseGIgxag eynD½renAkñúgTIpSarBlkmμ nigpþl;nUvbriyakasGMeNaypl edIm,I[mankarcUlrYmrbs;RsþI[)an eRcInCagmuneTAkñúgkargarEdlmanKuNPaBx<s;Cag.

- Tak;TgeTAnwgbBaðaRbQmxagneya)ay nigpøÚvc,ab; bBaðaCaKnøwHrYmman elIkkMBs; karcUlrYmrbs; RsþIenAkñúgrcnasm½<n§kareFVIesckþIsMerccitþCapøÚvkar nigeRkApøÚvkar EklMGlT§PaBrbs;RsþIkñúgkarkan; muxtMENgx<s;² kñúgEpñkrdæ)alsaFarN³ Fana[mannItikm μRbkbedayRbsiT§PaB kñúgkaredaH RsayGMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsar nigkarCYjdUrRsþI k¾dUcCakarFananUvkarBRgwgkarGnuvtþn_vis½yTaMgenHpg Edr.

2>3>5 Rkbx½NÐkargar edIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedA KGsk3 karbRBa¢abeynD½r RtUv)anTTYlykedayraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa sMrab;dak;cUleTAkñúgeKal

neya)ay nigkmμviFITaMgGs;rbs;xøÜn enAkñúgEpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©-sgÁmkic©R)aMqñaMelIkTI2 ¬2001-2005¦ Edl)andak;bBa©ÚlnUvyuT§saRsþry³eBlR)aMqñaMrbs;RksYgkic©karnarI nigGtItyuT§Cn enaHKW EpnkaryuT§saRsþ narIrtn³. EpnkarenHk¾CaEpñkmYyényuT§saRsþCatikat;bnßyPaBRkIRkpgEdr.

skmμPaBmYycMnYn EdlnwgRtUvGnuvtþ edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaRbQmTaMgLay Edl)ankMnt;xag elImandUcteTA³ - begIánnUvlT§PaBTTYl)ankarGb;rMrbs;sisS¼nisiStRsI enAkMritmFümsikSa nig]tþmsikSatamry³³

karpþl;GaharUbkrN_dl;kumarI edIm,IbegáInnUvkarsikSabnþenAkñúgRbB½n§Gb;rMteTAeTot.

begáIt[manGenþvasikdæanRbkbedaysuvtißPaB nigmanGnam½ysMrab;[kumarI EdlmksikSa q¶ayBIpÞHedIm,Isñak;enA.

45

sg;bgÁn;Gnam½y sMrab;sisS¼nisSitRsI edayELkBIsisS¼nisSitRbus enAkMritmFümsikSa nig ]tþmsikSa.

BRgIkRKwHsßan]tþmsikSa[manrhUtdl;fñak;tMbn;.

BRgIkviFIsaRsþfμ I²enAkñúgkarGb;rMeRkARbB½n§ EdlsßitkñúgshKmn_ edIm,IbegáInnUvGkçrkm μkñúg cMeNamRsþI.

GnuvtþkmμviFIsikSaeBlyb; enAkñúgtMbn;TIRkug¼TIRbCMuCn edIm,IelIkTwkcitþ[sisSRsIcUleron enAsalabnÞab;BIeFIVkargareBjema:genAeBléf¶.

- pþl;lT§PaBdl;RsþIcab;yk»kasesdækic©tamry³³ elIktMekIgkarGPivDÆn_enAkñúgvis½ymIRkUhirBaØvtßú edaypþl;nUvR)ak;snSM \NTan nigesvaFana

ra:b;rgdl;RsþICaBiessRsIþRkIRk.

KaMRTnUvkm μviFIpþl;siTi§GMNacdl;RsþI edIm,IelIkkMBs;smtßPaBrbs;xøÜn kñúgkarrkkargareFVIenA kñúgTIpSarBlkmμ b¤begáInnUvskmμPaBrkR)ak;cMNUlenAkñúgvis½yksikmμ plitkmμ nigesvakm μ.

- pøas;bþÚrnUvpñt;KMnitxagRbéBNITMenomTMlab;cMeBaHRsþI³ eFVIyuT§nakarpSBVpSayBt’man karGb;rM nigTMnak;TMng edIm,IelIkkMBs;karyl;dwgTaMgkñúg

cMeNamburs nigRsþI sþIGMBIbBaðaeynD½r nigedIm,Ipøas;bþÚrnUvpñt;KMnitCaTMlab;rbs;xøÜn cMeBaHtYnaTI nigkarTTYlxusRtUvxageynD½r.

- begáInnUvcMENkcUlrYmrbs;RsþIkñúgtYnaTIneya)aytamry³³ CMrujdl;KNbkSneya)ay edIm,Idak;ebkçnarI[sßitenAkñúglMdab;CYrmux énbBa¢Ie)aHeqñatsMrab;

kare)aHeqñatXMu¼sgáat; nigkare)aHeqñatCati.

pþl;karGb;rMsþIBIneya)ay nigeynD½r cMeBaHburs nigRsþIrYmTaMgkarGPivDÆn_smtßPaB edIm,I erobcMKaMRTkm μviFInana.

- begáInnUvcMENkcUlrYmrbs;RsþIkñúgEpñkrdæ)alsaFarN³tamry³³ karbegIátnUvlkçN³vinicä½y nigTMrg;karsMrab;kareRCIserIs b¤tMeLIgzan³ EdleqøIytbeTAnwg

bBaðaeynD½rsMrab;esvakmμsIuvil nigtulakar.

begáInkarbRBa¢abeynD½renAkñúgRksYgBak;B½n§ tamry³skmμPaBbNþúHbNþal Edlpþl;cMeBaH burs nigRsþI.

begáInFnFan edIm,IGnuvtþyuT§saRsþbRBa¢abeynD½rénkm μviFIsila nigedIm,IksagsmtßPaB nig elIkkMBs;karcUlrYmrbs;RsþIenAkñúgkareFVIesckIþsMerccitþenAfñak;extþ.

KaMRTkmμviFIbNþúHbNþalenAfñak;mUldæan ¬fñak;Rsuk XMu¼sgáat; nigfñak;PUmi¦ sþIGMBIbBaðaeynD½r PaBCaGñkdwknaMrbs;RsþI nigTMnukcitþelIxøÜnÉg.

46

- RbyuT§RbqaMgnwgGMeBIhigSamkelIRsþItamry³³ kareFVIyuT§nakarpSBVpSaykarGb;rM nigBt’manRbqaMgnwgGMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsar.

eFVIviesaFnkmμc,ab;RbqaMgnwgkarCYjdUrRsþI nigGnum½tc,ab;RbqaMgnwgGMeBIhigSakñúgRKYsar.

GnuvtþEpnkarsþIGMBIkarTb;sáat;karCYjdUrRsþItamry³karGb;rM nigkarts‘Umti.

2>3>6 PaBxusKñatamtMbn;kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk3 rUb 2>3>4 bgðajBIkarEbgEcktamtMbn;énsUcnakr KGsk3 tamextþ¼Rkug. tMélnImYy²

tMNageGaysnÞsSn_manTMgn;mFümes μIKña (equally weighted index) énsUcnakrEdlmanTinñn½y TaMgGs;rbs; KGsk3. snÞsSn_rYmrbs;sUcnakrTaMgenaHbgðajnUvrUbPaBEbgEckénsßanPaBrbs; RbeTsTak;TgeTAnwgsmPaBeynD½r nigkarpþl;siTi§GMNacdl;RsþI. lT§plTaMgenH GnuBaØati[eyIg eFVIkarEbgEckextþ¼RkugCabIlMdab;fñak;. extþ¼RkugEdlmanBN’ébtg CaextþEdlmanlT§PaBRbesIr CageKkñúgkarQaneTAsMerccMNucedA. extþ¼RkugEdlmanBN’elOg CaextþEdlmanlT§PaBmFüm ehIyextþ¼RkugEdlmanBN’Rkhm manlT§PaBexSayCageK kñúgkarQaneTAsMerccMNucedAenAqñaM 2015. extþ¼RkugEdlsßitenAlMdab;fñak;Gn;CageK PaKeRcInsßitenAtMbn;PaKxageCIg tMbn;|san tMbn;nirtI nigtMbn;PaKxaglic ¬Rkugéb:lin¦ énRbeTs. rUb 2>3>4³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk3 tamextþ¼Rkug

sMKal;³ snÞsSn_rbs; KGsk3 KWCamFümPaKEdlmanTMgn;esμ IKña eTAtamlMdab;extþnImYy² elIGefr énsUcnakr6 rbs; KGsk3.

47

tarag 2>3>3³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk3 tamextþ¼Rkug elxkUd extá¼Rkug

sUcnakr 3>1

sUcnakr 3>3

sUcnakr3>4

sUcnakr 3>5

sUcnakr3>6

sUcnakr 3>7

snÞsSn_KGsk3

12 PñMeBj 1/000 1/000 0/875 K μan 0/667 0/583 0/82510 RkecH 0/778 0/957 0/771 0/919 0/497 0/491 0/73507 kMBt 0/430 0/957 0/831 K μan 1/000 0/360 0/71623 RkugEkb 0/529 1/000 0/489 0/757 0/487 1/000 0/71006 kMBg;FM 0/623 0/832 0/838 0/332 0/532 0/961 0/68615 eBaF×sat; 0/531 0/988 0/739 0/000 1/000 0/562 0/63720 sVayerog 0/208 1/000 0/557 0/818 0/742 0/460 0/63108 kNþal 0/461 0/880 0/768 0/376 0/748 0/527 0/62702 )at;dMbg 0/895 0/927 0/725 0/561 0/000 0/516 0/60418 RkugRBHsIhnu 0/722 1/000 0/606 0/280 0/700 0/527 0/60303 kMBg;cam 0/611 0/908 0/696 K μan 0/195 0/498 0/55514 éRBEvg 0/216 0/989 0/627 0/533 0/648 0/188 0/53401 bnÞaymanC½y 0/488 0/861 0/772 0/712 0/268 0/000 0/51721 taEkv 0/204 0/939 0/454 0/564 0/563 0/236 0/49317 esomrab 0/667 1/000 0/482 0/316 0/200 0/251 0/48604 kMBg;qñaMg 0/467 0/809 0/806 0/000 0/323 0/498 0/48413 RBHvihar 0/350 0/375 0/935 K μan K μan 0/171 0/45805 kMBg;s<W 0/202 0/714 0/498 0/568 0/620 0/043 0/44124 Rkugéb:lin 0/309 0/696 0/220 0/714 0/489 0/080 0/41819 sÞwgERtg 0/494 0/090 1/000 0/527 0/134 0/254 0/41716 rtnKIrI 0/243 0/497 0/524 0/246 Kμan 0/034 0/30909 ekaHkug 0/300 0/341 0/474 K μan 0/040 0/374 0/30611 mNÐlKIrI 0/177 0/000 0/172 1/000 K μan 0/148 0/29922 ]tþrmanC½y 0/000 0/179 0/000 0/534 K μan 0/244 0/191

RbPB³ Gegátesdækic©-sgÁmkic©km<úCa 1999 nig GegátkMlaMgBlkmμkm<úCa 2001 viC¢asßanCatisßiti. sißtiGb;rM nigGaMgDIkaT½r 2000¼01 RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa .

48

2>4 eKaledATI4³ kat;bnßyGRtamrNPaBkumar eKaledATI 4 sMedAkat;bnßyGRtamrNPaBkumarGayueRkam 5qñaM nigGRtamrNPaBTark nig begIánsmamaRténTarkGayueRkam 1qñaM )ancak;fñaMkarBarCmW¶kRBa¢wl nigkarGnuvtþn_karbMe)AedaHTark. 2>4>1 sUcnakr nigcMNucedAén KGsk4 tarag 2>4>1 )anbgðaj[eXIjenAkñúgCYrQrxageqVg KWCacMNucedA nigsUcnakrEdl)anesñI eLIgedayGgÁkarshRbCaCati rIÉCYrQrxagsþaM bgðajBIcMNucedA nigsUcnakrEdl)aneRCIserIseday raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa bnÞab;BImankarBieRKaHeyabl;CamYynwgPaKIBak;B½n§ sMxan;²rYcmk. tarag 2>4>1³ mUldæanIykmμén KGs4 eTACa KGsk4

eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_sklTI4 KGsk4cMNucedATI5³ bnßyGRtamrNPaBkumareRkamGayu 5qñaM [)an 2¼3 BIqñaM1990 dl;qñaM2015

cMNucedArYmTI9³ bnßyGRtarNPaBkumareRkamGayu 5qñaM

sUcnakr13³ GRtamrNPaBkumareRkamGayu 5qñaM sUcnakr4>1³ GRtamrNPaBkumareRkamGayu 5qñaM sUcnakr14³ GRtamrNPaBTark sUcnakr 4>2³ GRtamrNPaBTarksUcnakr15³ smamaRténkumarGayu 1qñaM )anTTYl karcak;fñaMkarBarCm¶WkRBa¢wl

sUcnakr4>3³ smamaRténkumarGayu 1qñaM )anTTYlkarcak;fñaM karBarCm¶WkRBa¢wl

sUcnakr4>4³ smamaRténkumarGayu 6 dl; 59 Ex )anTTYlfñaM vItamInGa

sUcnakr4>5³ smamaRténkumarGayueRkam 1qñaM )anTTYlkar cak;fñaMkarBarCm¶Wxan;søak; k¥kman; ettaNUs

sUcnakr4>6³ smamaRténTarkRtUv)anbMe)AedaHdl;Gayu 6Ex sUcnakr4>7³ smamaRténmþay Edlcab;epIþmbMe)AedaHTark

eTIbnwgekItkñúgcenøaHeBl 1em:ag énkMeNIt tarag 2>4>2 bgðajnUvtMélTinñn½ymUldæan nigtMélcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk4 sMrab;

qñaM2005 2010 nig2015. témøTinñn½yqñaMmUldæanrbs;sUcnakrnImYy² manlkçN³xusKñaGaRs½y elITinñn½yEdlman . tarag 2>4>2³ tMélTinñn½ymUldæan nigtMélcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk4 tamlMdab;qñaM9


4>1 GRtamrNPaBkumareRkamGayu 5qñaM ¬kñúg 1000 kMeNItrs;¦ 124 1998 105 85 654>2 GRtamrNPaBTark ¬kñúg 1000 kMeNItrs;¦ 95 1998 75 60 504>3 smamaRténkumarGayueRkam 1qñaM )anTTYlkarcak;fñaMkarBarCm¶W kRBa¢wl

41° 2000 80° 85° 90°

4>4 smamaRténkumarGayu 6-59Ex )anTTYlfñaMvItamInGa 28° 2000 70° 80° 90°4>5 smamaRténkumarGayueRkam 1qñaM )anTTYlkarcak;fñaMkarBarCm¶W xan;søak; k¥kman; tetanus

43° 2000 80° 85° 90°

4>6 smamaRténTarkRtUv)anbMe)AedaHdl;Gayu 6Ex 11/4° 2000 20° 34° 49°4>7 smamaRténmþay Edlcab;epIþmbMe)AedaHTarkeTIbnwgekItkñúg cenøaHeBl 1em:ag énkMeNIt

11° 2000 28° 45° 62°

9 RKb;tMélqñaMmUldæanTaMgGs;dkRsg;ecjBIGegátRbCasaRsþ nigsuxPaBkm<úCa qñaM2000 eyageTAelIqñaM2000 b¤k¾ry³eBl 5qñaMcugeRkay muneBleFVIGegát. kñúgkrNIGRtamrNPaBkumareRkamGayu 5qñaM nigGRtamrNPaBTark qñaM1998 RtUv)aneRCIserIsCaqñaMmUldæanEdr.

49

2>4>2 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk4 RbPBTinñn½yepSg²Kña bgðajnUvPsþútagpÞúyKña GMBIkMrit nigninñakar énGRtamrNPaBkumar eRkamGayu 5qñaM kñúgTsvtSr_knøgmk. Tinñn½yBIkareFIVGegátCaticMnYnBIr eBalKWkareFIVGegátsuxPaB Cati (NHS) qñaM1998 nigkareFIVGegátRbCasaRsþ nigsuxPaBkm<úCa (CDHS) qñaM2000 bgðajfaGRta mrNPaBkumareRkamGayu 5qñaM )anekIneLIgbnþickñúgry³eBlmYyTsvtSr_enH. ninñakarRsedogKñaenH k¾TTYl)anBIkar)a:n;sμanedaypÞal; nigedayRbeyalrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak nigGgÁkaryUnIess Edl bgðajBIkarekIneLIgénGRtamrNPaBenH enAkñúgTsvtSr_qñaM1990. karvaytémøepSgeTotEdlBMu Ep¥kelITinñn½yGegát bgðajnUvkarfycuHbgÁÜrBIkMritmYyEdlx<s; ¬rUb 2>4>1¦. eTaHbICakareRCIserIs ykTinñn½yNakIþ k¾RbeTskm<úCa TMngCaBMuGacsMerc)annUvcMNucedArbs;xøÜn kñúgkarkat;bnßyGRta mrNPaBkumareRkamGayu 5qñaM mkRtwm 65nak; kñúgkMeNItrs; 1000nak; [)anmundMNac;qñaM2015. elIsBIenHeTot tYelxCati)anbgðajnUvPaBxusKñad¾FMrvagtMbn;TIRkug¼RbCMuCn nigCnbT rvagbNþaextþ¼ RkugTaMgLay nigkñúgcMeNamRkumesdækic©-sgÁmkic©epSg². rUb 2>4>1³ ninñakarénGRtamrNPaBkumareRkamGayu 5qñaM

199

115

181

115

124

200

119115

100

rd æ)al

95 90

110

130

150

170

190

1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

Geg átRbCas aRs þn igs uxPaB 2000

Geg áts uxPaBCat i 1998

RbPB³ RksYgsuxaPi)al 1994 1995 1996 1998 1998k nigRksYgEpnkar nigRksYgsuxaPi)al 2001.

CafI μmþgeTotRbPBTinñn½yepSg²Kña bgðajnUvninñakarxusKñaénGRtamrNPaBTark kñúgTsvtSr_ knøgmkenH. eyagtamTinñn½yénGegátRbCasaRsþ nigsuxPaBkm<úCa (CDHS) qñaM2000 nigGegát suxPaBCati (NHS) qñaM1998 GRtamrNPaBTark )anekIneLIgbnþickñúgTsvtSr_qñaM1990. karvay témøEdlminEp¥kelIkareFIVGegát bgðajnUvkarfycuHCabgÁÜrBIkMritmYyEdlx<s;. dUcCakarsøab;rbs; kumareRkamGayu 5qñaMEdr eTaHbICakareRCIserIsykTinñn½yNakIþ k¾RbeTskm<úCaTMngCaBMuGacsMerc)an nUvcMNucedArbs;xøÜnkñúgkarkat;bnßyGRtamrNPaBTarkmkRtwm 50 kñúgkMeNItrs; 1000nak; [)an mundMNac;qñaM2015 ¬rUb 2>4>2¦.

50

rUb 2>4>2³ ninñakarénGRtamrNPaBTark

89

115

125127

125

95 91

79 89

7168

rd æ)al

65

75

85

95

105

115

125

135

1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

G eg átRbCas aRs þn igs uxP aB 2000

G eg áts uxPaBCat i 1998

RbPB³ RksYgsuxaPi)al 1994 1995 1996 1998 1998k nigRksYgEpnkar nigRksYgsuxaPi)al 2001.

GRtacak;fñaMkarBarCm¶WkRBa¢wl sMrab;kumareRkamGayu 1qñaM )anekIneLIgBI 37° ¬RksYg suxaPi)al 1994¦ dl; 41° ¬RksYgEpnkar nigRksYgsuxaPi)al 2001¦ rvagqñaM1990 nig 2000. edayEp¥kelIninñakarknøgmk smamaRténkumarGayueRkam 1qñaM Edl)anTTYlkarcak;fñaM karBarCmW¶kRBa¢wlGaceLIgdl; 48° dl;qñaM2015 EdlsißtenAeRkamcMNucedA 90° én KGsk4. GRtakumarEdl)anTTYlkarcak;fñaMkarBarCmW¶xan;søak; k¥kman; ettaNUs )anekIneLIg 6° kñúgTsvtSr_qñaM1990 ¬RksYgsuxaPi)al 1994 nigRksYgEpnkar nigRksYgsuxaPi)al 2001¦. kñúg el,ÓnenH smamaRténkumarGayueRkam 1qñaM Edl)anTTYlkarcak;fñaMkarBar CmW¶xan;søak; k¥kman; ettaNUs nwgekIneLIgRtwm 52° b:ueNÑaH dl;qñaM2015 EdlsißtenAq¶ayBIcMNucedAEdl)ankMNt; 90°. PaKryénkumarGayu 6-59Ex Edl)anTTYlfñaMvItamInGa KWman28° enAkññúgqñaM2000 ¬RksYg Epnkar nigRksYgsuxaPi)al 2001¦ EdlsißtenAq¶ayeRkamcMNucedA KGsk4 Edl)ankMNt; 90° enAqñaM2015. dUcCasUcnakrCaeRcIneTotEdr manPaBxusKñay:agxøaMgtamtMbn;PUmisaRsþ nigRKYsar EdlmankMritesdækic©-sgÁmkic©xusKña.

smamaRténmataEdlcab;epIþmbMe)AedaHTarkkñúgcenøaHeBl 1em:agénkMeNItkUn )anekIneLIg 5° kñúgTsvtSr_qñaM1990 ¬RksYgsuxaPi)al 1996 nigRksYgEpnkar nigRksYgsuxaPi)al 2001¦. RbsinebIninñakarknøgmkbnþeTAeTot sUcnakrenHnwgekIneLIgdl; 30° enAqñaM2015 EdlsißtenA eRkamcMNucedA 62° enAkñúgqñaM2015. 2>4>3 eKalneya)ay nigkmμviFIsMxan;² naeBlbc©úb,nñ EdlrYmcMENkdl; KGsk4 GaTiPaBenAkñúgEpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©-sgÁmkic©R)aMqñaMelIkTIBIr RtUv)anpþl;dl;karbegIán lT§PaBTTYlesvaKaMBarsuxPaBrbs;CnRkIRk edaymanvtßúbMNgdUcxageRkamenH³

51

1> EklMGesvaKaMBarsuxPaBCamUldæan. 2> GPivDÆFnFanmnusS. 3> elIkkMBs;karyl;dwgrbs;RbCaCn GMBIrebobrs;enARbkbedaysuxPaBl¥. 4> pþl;karykcitþTukdak; CaBiessdl;suxPaB nigGaharUbtßmÖrbs;kumar. 5> CMrujnItikmμxagsuxaPi)al.

EpnkaryuT§saRsþsuxaPi)al qñaM2003-2007 rbs;RksYgsuxaPi)almanTisedA³ 1> kat;bnßykarsøab;rbs;Tark nigkumarEdlrYmman kat;bnßykarsøab;eRkayeBlsMralPøam

karsøab;edaysarCMgWEdlTak;TgnwgkarraKrUs CmW¶qøgtampøÚvdegIðm Cm¶WEdlGacbgáar)aneday cak;v:ak;saMg Cm¶WRKunQam nigCm¶WRKuncaj;.

2> kat;bnßyGRtakgVHGaharUbtßmÖ nigcMNIGaharxVHCIvCati kñúgcMeNamkumar. eKaledAsMxan;²nwgRtUvsMerceCaKC½ytamry³³

1> eFVIeGayRbesIreLIgnUvlT§PaBTTYl)anesvasuxPaB enAmNÐlsuxPaB nigBRgwgkarpþl;kar KaMBarsuxPaB CaBiessGñkRkIRk nigRkumEdlgayrgeRKaHdéTeTot.

2> EkERb[l¥RbesIrnUvGakb,kiriya rbs;Gñkpþl;esvasuxPaBcMeBaHGtifiCn CaBiesscMeBaHCn RkIRk.

3> bBa©Úl nigGPivDÆvb,Fm’KuNPaBeTAkñúgvis½ysuxaPi)alsaFarN³. 4> Fana[)annUvlMhUrmUlniFieTogTat; nigRKb;RKan;dl;vis½ysuxaPi)al nigBRgwgkarRKb;RKg

hirBaØvtßú. 5> pþl;smtßPaBxagviC¢aCIv³bEnßmeTot dl;buKÁliksuxaPi)alrdæ. 6> pþl;fñaM nigbrikçareBTübEnßmeTotdl;mnIÞreBTüsaFarN³ nigmNÐlsuxPaB. 7> BRgIkkarpþl;esvaBt’mansuxaPi)al dl;saFarN³Cn.

2>4>4 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² cMeBaHkarsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk4 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² EdlRbeTskm<úCaRtUvedaHRsay edIm,IsMerc)annUv KGsk4 kñúgqñaM2015 mandUcxageRkamenH³

− karkat;bnßyGRtad¾x<s;énkgVHGaharUbtßmÖ EdlCaktþad¾cMbgmYyénkarsøab;Tark nigkumar. − kareFVIeGayRbesIrEpñkGnam½y karTTYl)anTwks¥at nigkarrs;enAs¥at. kgVHxatEpñkenHGac

bNþaleGaykumarsøab;tamry³Cm¶W EdlqøgtamTwk nigkarTmøab;rs;enAxVHGnam½y. − karEklMG nigBRgIkesvacak;fñaMbgáar k¾dUcCaesvakarBar nigBüa)alCm¶WTaMgLayEdlTak;Tg

y:agCitsiñT§eTAnwgkarsøab;rbs;kumar nigTarkdUcCa Cm¶WraK nigCm¶WqøgtampøÚvdegIðm.

52

− karBRgwgesvakmμEpnkarRKYsar edIm,IbegIánkarBnüarkMeNIt nigBnüarGayuenAeBlmanépÞeBaH dMbUg.

− karelIkkMBs;karyl;dwg GMBIkarEfTaMsuxPaBkumard¾smRsbenAkñúgkMritRKYsarrYmman karpþl; cMNIGahard¾RtwmRtUvdl;kumar PaBs¥at nigGnam½ysmRsbkñúgkarrs;enA.

− karEklMGKuNPaBénkarpþl;karKaMBarsuxPaB tamry³karpøas;bþÚrGakb,kiriya nigTmøab;kñúg cMeNamGñkpþl;esvasuxPaBsaFarN³.

− edaHRsayvismPaBkñúgkarTTYlkarKaMBarsuxPaB edayykcitþTukdak;CaBiessdl;GñkRkIRk nigshKmn_enAtMbn;dac;Rsyal.

2>4>5 Rkbx½NÐkargar edIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedA KGsk4 TisedACaKnwøHénRkbx½NÐkargar edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaRbQmxagelI k¾dUcCaedIm,IsMerc[)an nUv KGsk4 rYmman³

− epþatelIkmμviFITaMgLayrbs;raCrdæaPi)al nigGñkpþl;CMnYy elIkarEklMGsuxPaBkumarCa Biess tamry³karBRgIkkmμviFIcak;fñaMbgáarCm¶Wxan;søak; k¥kman; ettaNUs nigCm¶WkRBa¢wl. eFIV[RbesIreLIgnUvbrikçarGnam½y niglT§PaBTTYlTwks¥at edaypþl;karykcitþTukdak;Ca Biessdl;GñkRkIRk nigtMbn;dac;Rsyal. BRgwgesvakmμenAmnIÞreBTübEg¥kedaypþl;karEfTaM eBjeljdl;kumarEdlxVHGaharUbtßmÖ .l.

− begIáncMNaysaFarN³dl;esvasuxaPi)al enAtammNÐlsuxPaBRsuk nigXMu. − eFIVyuT§nakarGb;rM nigpþl;Bt’manEdlelIkeLIgBIkarpþl;GaharRtwmRtUv nigGaharUbtßmÖrbs;

kumar PaBs¥at nigGnam½ysmRsbkñúgkarrs;enA. − EklMGRbsiT§PaBénRbB½n§suxaPi)alsaFarN³ edayQaneq<aHeTAkan;viFIRKb;RKg EdlEp¥kelI

lT§pl nigkarBRgIkvimCÄkar. − begIánlT§PaBxaghirBaØvtßúdl;kumarRkIRk kñúgkarTTYl)ankarKaMBarsuxPaB tamry³karsak

l,gnUvCMerIsepSg² dUcCa karelIkElgéføQñÜl nigEpnkarFanar:ab;rgxñattUc. − eFIVyuT§nakarpþl;Bt’manGMBIRbePTesvakmμ EdlmansMrab;kumar enAtambNþajsuxPaB

saFarN³. 2>4>6 PaBxusKñatamtMbn;kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk4

rUb 2>4>3 bgðajBIkarEbgEcktamtMbn;énsUcnakr KGsk4 tamextþ¼Rkug. tMélnImYy² tMNageGaysnÞsSn_manTMgn;mFümes μIKña (equally weighted index) énsUcnakrEdlmanTinñn½y TaMgGs;rbs; KGsk4. snÞsSn_rYmEdlCalT§plbgðajnUvrUbPaBbMEbkmYyénsßanPaBRbeTsTak;Tg

53

eTAnwgkarsøab;rbs;Tark nigkumar. lT§plTaMgenH GnuBaØati[eyIgeFVIkarEbgEckextþ¼RkugCabIlMdab; fñak;. extþ¼RkugEdlmanBN’ébtg Caextþ¼RkugEdlmanlT§PaBRbesIrCageK kñúgkarQaneTAsMerc cMNucedA. extþ¼RkugEdlmanBN’elOg Caextþ¼RkugEdlmanlT§PaBmFüm ehIyextþ¼RkugEdlman BN’Rkhm manlT§PaBexSayCageK kñúgkarQaneTAsMerccMNucedA enAqñaM2015. extþ¼RkugEdlsßit enAlMdab;fñak;Gn;CageK PaKeRcInsßitenAtMbn;PaKxagekIt tMbn;nirtI nigtMbn;PaKxaglicénRbeTs. rUb 2>4>3³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk4 tamextþ¼Rkug

sMKal;³ snÞsSn_rbs; KGsk4 KWCamFümPaKEdlmanTMgn;esμ IKñaeTAtamlMdab;extþnImYy² elIGefr énsUcnakr4 rbs; KGsk4.

54


elxkUd extþ¼Rkug sUcnakr

4>1 sUcnakr

4>2 sUcnakr

4>4 sUcnakr

4>7 snÞsSn_ KGsk4

12 PMñeBj 1/000 1/000 1/000 0/308 0/827 05 kMBg;sW< 0/782 0/773 0/777 0/894 0/806 01 bnÞaymanC½y 0/676 0/697 0/686 0/897 0/739 06 kMBg;FM 0/721 0/803 0/552 0/202 0/569 21 taEkv 0/620 0/561 0/587 0/430 0/549 09 ekaHkug 0/771 0/750 0/435 0/240 0/549 20 sVayerog 0/553 0/515 0/063 1/000 0/533 08 kNþal 0/676 0/614 0/214 0/376 0/470 19 swÞgERtg 0/615 0/750 0/000 0/403 0/442 13 RBHvihar 0/615 0/750 0/000 0/403 0/442 10 RkecH 0/615 0/750 0/000 0/403 0/442 04 kMBg;qñaMg 0/385 0/311 0/884 0/110 0/422 03 kMBg;cam 0/531 0/470 0/410 0/137 0/387 17 esomrab 0/581 0/697 0/081 0/186 0/386 22 ]tþrmanC½y 0/581 0/697 0/081 0/186 0/386 24 éb:lin 0/570 0/545 0/284 0/122 0/380 02 )at;dMbg 0/570 0/545 0/284 0/122 0/380 14 éRBEvg 0/436 0/447 0/330 0/114 0/332 18 RkugRBHsIhnu 0/587 0/530 0/192 0/000 0/327 23 RkugEkb 0/587 0/530 0/192 0/000 0/327 07 kMBt 0/587 0/530 0/192 0/000 0/327 16 rtnKirI 0/000 0/000 0/079 0/935 0/254 11 mNÐlKirI 0/000 0/000 0/079 0/935 0/254 15 eBaF×sat; 0/313 0/235 0/280 0/125 0/238

RbPB³ RksYgEpnkar nigRksYgsuxaPi)al 2001.

55

2>5 eKaledATI5³ elIkkMBs;suxPaBmata eKaledATI 5 sMedAkat;bnßypleFobmrNPaBmata nigbegIánsmamaRténkarsMralkUn Edl )anTTYlkarEfTaMedaybuKÁliksuxaPi)alEdlmanCMnaj. 2>5>1 sUcnakr nigcMNucedAén KGsk5 tarag 2>5>1 )anbgðaj[eXIjenAkñúgCYrQrxageqVg KWCacMNucedA nigsUcnakrEdl)anesñI eLIgedayGgÁkarshRbCaCati rIÉCYrQrxagsþaMbgðajBIcMNucedA nigsUcnakrEdl)aneRCIserIs eday raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa bnÞab;BImankarBieRKaHeyabl;CamYynwgPaKIBak;B½n§ sMxan;²rYcmk. tarag 2>5>1³ mUldæanIykm μén KGs5 eTACa KGsk5

eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_sklTI5 KGsk5 cMNucedATI6³ kat;bnßymrNPaBmata[)an 3¼4 rvagqñaM1990 nigqñaM2015

cMNucedArYmTI10³ kat;bnßypleFobmrNPaBmata

sUcnakr16³ pleFobmrNPaBmata sUcnakr5>1³ pleFobmrNPaBmata sUcnakr17³ smamaRténkarsMralkUneday buKÁliksuxaPi)alEdlmanCMnaj

sUcnakr5>2³ GRtalT§PaBpþl;kMeNItsrub

sUcnakr5>3³ smamaRténkarsMralkUnedaybuKÁliksuxaPi)alEdl manCMnaj

sUcnakr5>4³ smamaRténRsIþþerobkarEdleRbIviFIBnüarkMeNItTMenIb sUcnakr5>5³ PaKryénRsIþþmanépÞeBaHEdl)anTTYlkarBieRKaHmuneBl

sMral)anBIrdg b¤eRcInCagCamYybuKÁliksuxaPi)alEdlmanCMnaj sUcnakr5>6³ smamaRténRsIþþmanépÞeBaHEdlmanCmW¶esøksøaMgxVHCati

Edk sUcnakr5>7³ smamaRténRsþIGayu 15-49qñaM EdlmanpleFobTMgn;

eTAnwgkMBs;eRkam 18/5 KILÚRkam¼Em:Rtkaer: sUcnakr5>8³ smamaRténRsþIGayu 15-49qñaM EdlmanCmW¶esøksøaMg

xVHCatiEdk sUcnakr5>9³ smamaRténRsþImanépÞeBaHEdlsMralkUnedaykarvHkat;

tarag 2>5>2 bgðajnUvtMélTinñn½ymUldæan nigtMélcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk5 sMrab; qñaM2005 2010 nig2015. témøTinñn½yqñaMmUldæanrbs;sUcnakrnImYy² manlkçN³xusKñaGaRs½y elITinñn½yEdlman.

56

tarag 2>5>2³ tMélTinñn½ymUldæan nigtMélcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk5 tamlMdab;qñaM10 sUcnakr

Tinñn½ymUldæan cMNucedA tMél qñaM 2005 2010 2015

5>1 pleFobmrNPaBmata ¬kñúg 100000 kMeNItkUn¦ 437 1997 343 243 1405>2 GRtalT§PaBpþl;kMeNItsrub 4/0 1998 3/8 3/4 3/05>3 smamaRténkarsMralkUnedaybuKÁliksuxaPi)alEdlman CMnaj

32° 2000 60° 70° 80°

5>4 smamaRténRsIþþerobkarEdleRbIviFIBnüarkMeNItTMenIb 18/5° 2000 30° 44° 60°5>5 PaKryénRsIþþmanépÞeBaH Edl)anTTYlkarBieRKaHmuneBl sMral)anBIrdg b¤eRcInCag CamYybuKÁliksuxaPi)al Edlman CMnaj

30° 2000 60°

75°

90°

5>6 smamaRténRsIþþmanépÞeBaHEdlmanCmW¶esøksøaMgxVHCatiEdk 66° 2000 50° 39° 33°5>7 smamaRténRsþIGayu 15-49 qñaM EdlmanpleFobTMgn; eTAnwgkMBs;eRkam 18/5 KILÚRkam¼Em:Rtkaer:

21° 2000 17° 12° 8°

5>8 smamaRténRsþIGayu 15-49 qñaM EdlmanCmW¶esøksøaMg xVHCatiEdk

58° 2000 45° 32° 19°

5>9 smamaRténRsþImanépÞeBaHEdlsMralkUnedaykarvHkat; 0/8° 2000 2° 3° 4°2>5>2 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk5 enABak;kNþalTsvtSr_qñaM1990 pleFobmrNPaBmata enAcenøaH400 nig500 enARbeTs km<úCa. karvaytémømYyenAqñaM1995 edayEp¥kelIKMrUmYyrbs;GgÁkarsuxPaBBiPBelak )ankMNt;pl eFobkñúgkMrit473 ehIykareFIVGegátRbCasaRsþ nigsuxPaB qñaM2000 )ansnμtfapleFobCamFüm KW437 kñúgGMLúgqñaM1994 dl;qñaM2000. BMumanTinñn½y EdlsIusgVak;KñaCalkçN³es‘rI sMrab;sUcnakr enHEdlGacGnuBaØati[mankar)a:n;sμanninñakareLIy b:uEnþkMriténsUcnakrenHBMusMerc)annUvcMNucedA EdlsMedAkat;bnßypleFobmrNPaBmata mkRtwm140 kñúg100000 kMeNItkUnenAqñaM2015. eyagtamkarGegátRbCasaRsþ nigsuxPaB qñaM2000 GRtalT§PaBpþl;kMeNItmancMnYn 4nak; enAkñúgBak;kNþalTsvtSr_qñaM1990. kgVHTinñn½yEdlsIusgVak;KñaCalkçN³es‘rI minGaceFIVcMeNal ninñakar)an b:uEnþcMNucedAEdlkMNt;Rtwm 3nak; dl;qñaM2015 TMngCaGacsMerc)an. smamaRténkarsMralkUn edaybuKÁliksuxaPi)alEdlmanCMnaj enAEtmankMritTab RbmaN 32° kñúgGMLúgTsvtSr_knøgmkenH. ktþaenHbNþalmkBIkgVHbuKÁliksuxaPi)al manCMnajEdlrYm 10 RKb;tMélqñaMmUldæanTaMgGs;dkRsg;ecjBIGegátRbCasaRsþ nigsuxPaBkm<úCa qñaM2000 eyageTAelIqñaM2000 b¤k¾ry³eBl 5-7qñaMcug eRkaymuneBleFVIGegát. CalT§pl qñaM1997-98 RtUv)aneRCIserIsCaqñaMmUldæansMrab;pleFobmrNPaBmata nigGRtalT§PaBpþl; kMeNItsrub.

57

man q μb karcMNayx<s;elIkarEfTaM PaBxusKñaxagPUmisaRsþ kñúgkarpþl;esvaKaMBarsuxPaBbnþBUC kMrit Gb;rMTabenAkñúgcMeNamRsIþþmanépÞeBaH nigPaBRkIRk. RbsinebIninñakarknøgmkenAbnþ RbeTskm<úCaTMng CaminGacsMerc)ancMNucedArbs;xøÜnkñúgdMNac;qñaM2015 eLIy. rUb 2>5>1³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénkarsMralkUnedaybuKÁliksuxaPi)alEdlmanCMnaj

323033 303131

70

60

80

25

35

45

55

65

75

85

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

cMNucedA

ninñakar

RbPB³ RksYgsuxaPi)al 1994 1995 2003 .

smamaRténRsIþþerobkar EdleRbIviFIBnüarkMeNItTMenIb)anekIneLIgBI 8° ¬RksYgsuxaPi)al 1994¦ kñúgqñaM1992 dl; 18/5° kñúgqñaM2000 ¬RksYgEpnkar nigRksYgsuxaPi)al 2001¦. kñúg GRtakMeNInenH RbeTskm<úCanwgBMuGacsMerc)annUvcMNucedA 60° rbs;xøÜndl;qñaM2015 eLIy. dUc sUcnakrxagelIEdr manPaBxusKñatamtMbn;PUmisaRsþ nigRkumesdækic©sgÁmkic©Tak;TgnwgsUcnakrenH. manRsIþþkm<úCacMnYnEt 30° b:ueNÑaH )anTTYlkarBieRKaHBinitüépÞeBaHmuneBlsMralkUn)anBIr dg b¤eRcInCag EdlCatYelxmYymin)anekIneLIg kñúgTsvtSr_knøgmk ¬RksYgEpnkar nigRksYg suxaPi)al 2001¦. GRtaenHBMuRKb;RKan;eLIy edIm,IeFIV[RbeTskm<úCaGacsMerc)annUv cMNucedAén KGsk5 rbs;xøÜn[)ancMnYn 90° dl;qñaM2015. CafIμmþgeTot tYelxTaMgenH)anbgðaj nUvPaBxusKña tamPUmisaRsþ karGb;rM nigkMritesdækic© sgÁmkic©rbs;RsþI.

smamaRténRsþIGayu 15-49qñaM EdlmanpleFobTMgn;eTAnwgkMBs;eRkam 18/5 KILÚRkam¼ Em:Rtkaer: mankMritx<s;enARbeTskm<úCaKW 21° ¬RksYgEpnkar nigRksYgsuxaPi)al 2001¦. smamaRténRsþIGayu 15-49qñaM EdlmanpleFobTMgn;eTAnwgkMBs;eRkam 18/5 KILÚRkam¼Em:Rtkaer: manlkçN³xus²KñaeTAtamextþ¼Rkug nigktþaesdækic© sgÁmkic© mYycMnYneTot. Tinñn½yEdlsMrab;eFVIkar )a:n;s μanninñakarBMumaneTsMrab;sUcnakrenH. enARbeTskm<úCa smamaRténRsþIGayu 15-49qñaM EdlmanCmW¶esøksøaMgxVHCatiEdk mankMrit x<s;Nas; 58° kñúgqñaM2000 ¬RksYgEpnkar nigRksYgsuxaPi)al 2001¦. dUcsUcnakrdéTeTotEdr

58

CmW¶esøksøaMgxVHCatiEdk KWxus²KñaeTAtamTIkEnøg kMritGb;rM nigsßanPaBesdækic©sgÁmkic©rbs;RsþI. tMbn;enAdac;BIeK nigtMbn;dac;RsyalmanlkçN³GaRkk;CageK. smamaRténRsIþþmanépÞeBaH EdlsMralkUnedaykarvHkat;man 0/8° enAkñúgTUTaMgRbeTskñúg qñaM2000 ¬RksYgEpnkar nigRksYgsuxaPi)al 2001¦. sUcnakrenH KWxus²KñaeTAtamtMbn;PUmisaRsþ nigkMritGb;rM. edayEp¥kelIninñakarknøgmk ¬RksYgsuxaPi)al 1997¦ smamaRtenHnwgekIneLIgdl; 1/55° enAqñaM2015. KMlatKYr[kt;sMKal;enAEtRtUvbMeBjrvagcMeNal nigcMNucedAEdl)ankMNt; 4° enAdMNac;qñaM2015. kic©xitxMRbwgERbg nigFnFanbEnßmeTotnwgRtUvkar edIm,IsMerc[)annUv cMNucedAqñaM2015. 2>5>3 eKalneya)ay nigkmμviFIsMxan;² naeBlbc©úb,nñ EdlrYmcMENkdl; KGsk5 EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©-sgÁmkic©R)aMqñaMelIkTIBIr manTisedAelIkkMBs;suxPaBmata tamry³ karpþl;karEfTaM munnigeRkayeBlsMralkUn edayCMrujkarBnüarkMeNItsMrab;Rkum EdlmanlT§PaB pþl;kMeNItx<s;. elIsBIenHeTot EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©-sgÁmkic©R)aMqñaMelIkTIBIrsMedA ¬1¦pþl;esva suxPaBCamUldæan ¬2¦GPivDÆFnFanmnusS ¬3¦CMrujkaryl;dwgrbs;RbCaCn GMBIviFIrs;enARbkb edaysuxPaBl¥ pþl;karykcitþTukdak;CaBiessdl;suxPaB nigGaharUbtßmÖrbs;RsIþþ nig ¬4¦CMruj nItikm μsuxaPi)al. elIsBIenHeTot EpnkaryuT§saRsþvis½ysuxaPi)al qñaM2003-2007 rbs;RksYgsuxaPi)al )ankMNt;eKalneya)ayGaTiPaBenAkñúgvis½yBIr KW ¬1¦BRgIkbrikçarsuxaPi)al[)aneTAdl;GñkRkIRk nigGñkEdlxVHesvasuxaPi)alenAtMbn;CnbT ¬2¦pþl;esvasuxPaBrbs;mata edayrYmmankarBnüar kMeNIt karEfTaMmun nigeRkayeBlsMralkUn karsMralkUnRbkbedaysuvtißPaB nigkarKaMBarsuxPaB kñúgeBlsMralkUnbnÞan; karrMlUtkUnRbkbedaysuvtißPaB nigkarpþl;RbwkSaeRkayeBlrMlUtkUn. yuT§saRsþTaMgenHsMedA ¬1¦eFVI[RbesIreLIgnUvlT§PaBGacTTYlesvasuxPaB enAmNÐl suxPaB nigBRgwgkarpþl;karKaMBarsuxPaB CaBiesscMeBaHGñkRkIRk nigRkumEdlgayrgeRKaH ¬2¦pøas; bþÚr[)anRbesIrnUvGakb,kiriyarbs;Gñkpþl;esvasuxaPi)al cMeBaHGtifiCnCaBiess cMeBaHGñkRkIRk ¬3¦dak;bBa©Úl nigGPivDÆvb,Fm’KuNPaBenAkñúgvis½ysuxaPi)alsaFarN³ ¬4¦begIáncMnYnq μbtamry³ karbNþúHbNþalCamUldæan ¬5¦Fana[)annUvlMhUrmUlniFieTogTat; nigRKb;RKan;dl;vis½ysuxaPi)al nigBRgwgkarRKb;RKghirBaØvtßú ¬6¦EkTMrg;rcnasm<½n§§ nignItiviFIRKb;RKgenARksYgsuxaPi)al edIm,IelIk TwkcitþbuKÁlik ¬7¦pþl;smtßPaBviC¢aCIv³bEnßmeTotdl;buKÁliksuxaPi)al ¬8¦pþl;fñaMsgáÚv nigsMPar³ brikçareBTübEnßmeTotdl;mnIÞreBTüsaFarN³ nigmNÐlsuxPaB nigBRgIkyuT§nakarpþl;Bt’man suxaPi)aldl;saFarN³Cn.

59

2>5>4 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² cMeBaHkarsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk5 karsMerc)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk5 caM)ac;RtUvedaHRsaybBaðaRbQmdUcxageRkam³

− EklMGlT§PaBTTYlesvasuxaPi)alsaFarN³ kñúgcMeNamRsþIRkIRk. kgVHlT§PaBCarUbv½nþ k¾dUc CaGsmtßPaBkñúgkarcMNayelIkarKaMBarsuxPaB )anraMgxÞb;lT§PaBTTYl)ankarKaMBarsuxPaB sMrab;RsIþþRkIRkCaeRcIn.

− begIánfvikakñúgvis½ysuxaPi)al nigFana[)annUvlMhUrmUlniFieTogTat; eTAfñak;mUldæansMrab; karKaMBarsuxPaBkñúgeBlsMralkUn rYmTaMgkarrMlUtkUnRbkbedaysuvtißPaB.

− begIáncMnYnbuKÁlikCMnaj nigFana[)annUvkarbBa¢ÚnBYkeK[eTAbMerIkar enAtMbn;xVHesva suxaPi)al. kgVHbuKÁlikCMnajenAtMbn;dac;Rsyal )anraMgxÞb;lT§PaBTTYlesvakarsMralkUn edaysuvtißPaBsMrab;RsIþþCaeRcIn.

− BRgIkcMeNHdwgGMBIsar³sMxan; énkarKaMBarsuxPaBbnþBUCkñúgcMeNamRsIþþRkIRk k¾dUcCaGMBI RbsiT§PaBénkareRbIR)as;viFIBnüarkMenIt nigviFIdéTeToténkareFVIEpnkarRKYsar CaBiesskñúg cMeNamGñkrs;enAtMbn;dac;Rsyal EdlCMenOTMenomTMlab;enAman\Ti§BlenAeLIy.

− pþl;GMNacdl;RsIþþ elICMerIslT§PaBbnþBUC edayrYmTaMgkareRbIR)as;viFIBnüarkMenIt. 2>5>5 Rkbx½NÐkargar edIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedA KGsk5 kareqIøytbRbkbedayRbsiT§PaB eTAnwgbBaðaRbQm Edl)anelIkeLIgxagelIrYmman cMNuc sMxan;² dUcxageRkamenH³

− FnFanhirBaØvtßúsaFarN³RtUvkMNt; sMrab;EbgEckdl;esvakm μsuxaPi)alsMxan;² edIm,IFana[ )annUvkarpÁt;pÁg;naeBlGnaKt niglMhUrfvikaeTogTat;eTAdl;kMritmUldæan.

− cMNayelIvis½ysuxaPi)al[kan;EtRbesIreLIg dl;tMbn;dac;BIeK nigtMbn;dac;Rsyal edIm,I begáInsuvtißPaBmata nigesvakmμdéTeToteTAdl;mUldæan dUcCakarcak;fñaMkarBar karEfTaMmun eBlsMralkUn karBnüarkMenIt karpþl;RbwkSa nigkartamdanelIGaharUbtßmÖ.

− begáInbEnßmeTotnUvcMnYnqμbCMnaj eTAeFIVkarenAtMbn;CnbTdac;Rsyal tamry³karelIkTwkcitþ xaghirBaØvtßú.

− EklMGkarRKb;RKgRbB½n§suxaPi)alsaFarN³ edIm,Ipþl;esvasuxaPi)alRbkbedayKuNPaBl¥ RbesIrdl;RsIþþTaMgGs;edayrYmTaMgGñkRkIRkpgEdr. RbkarenHrYmmankarQaneq<aHeTArkviFI RKb;RKg EdlEp¥kelIlT§pl nigkarBRgIkvimCÄkar.

− begáInlT§PaBTTYl)anfvikadl;RsIþþRkIRk kñúgkarKaMBarsuxPaBtamry³CMerIseKalneya)ay mYycMnYn CaBiesskarelIkElgéføQñÜl nigEpnkarFanar:ab;rgxñattUc.

60

− BRgIkyuT§nakarBt’manGb;rM nigTMnak;TMngsIþBIPaBCamataRbkbedaysuvtißPaB kareFVIEpnkar RKYsar .l. EdlsMedAelIRsIþþ nigbursRkIRk.

− yuT§nakarpSBVpSayBt’man GMBIRbePTénesvakmμTaMgLay EdlmanenAtammnIÞreBTü saFarN³sMrab;RsIþþ.

2>5>6 PaBxusKñatamtMbn;kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk5 rUb 2>5>2 bgðajBIkarEbgEcktamtMbn;énsUcnakr KGsk5 tamextþ¼Rkug. tMélnImYy² tMNageGaysnÞsSn_manTMgn;mFümes μIKña (equally weighted index) énsUcnakrEdlmanTinñn½y TaMgGs;rbs; KGsk5. snÞsSn_rYmEdlCalT§plbgðajnUvrUbPaBbMEbkmYy énsßanPaBRbeTs Tak;TgeTAnwgkarelIkkMBs;suxPaBmata. lT§plTaMgenHGnuBaØati[eyIg eFVIkarEbgEckextþ¼RkugCa bIlMdab;fñak;. extþ¼RkugEdlmanBN’ébtg Caextþ¼RkugEdlmanlT§PaBRbesIrCageKkñúgkarQaneTA sMerccMNucedA. extþ¼RkugEdlmanBN’elOg Caextþ¼RkugEdlmanlT§PaBmFüm ehIyextþ¼RkugEdl manBN’Rkhm manlT§PaBexSayCageKkñúgkarQaneTAsMerccMNucedAenAqñaM2015. bNþaextþ¼Rkug EdlmanlkçN³Gn;CageKTaMgenaH PaKeRcInKWsißtenAPaKxageCIg PaK|san nigPaKkNþalén RbeTs. rUb 2>5>2³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk5 tamextþ¼Rkug

sMKal;³ snÞsSn_rbs; KGsk5 KWCamFümPaKEdlmanTMgn;esμ IKña eTAtamlMdab;extþnImYy² elIGefr énsUcnakr5 rbs; KGsk5.

61


elxkUd extþ¼Rkug sUcnakr

5>2 sUcnakr

5>3 sUcnakr

5>4 sUcnakr

5>7 sUcnakr

5>8 snÞsSn_ KGsk5

12 PMñeBj 1/000 1/000 0/900 0/359 0/669 0/786 24 éb:lin 0/429 0/425 1/000 1/000 0/875 0/746 02 )at;dMbg 0/429 0/425 1/000 1/000 0/875 0/746 09 ekaHkug 0/476 0/242 0/300 0/705 1/000 0/545 18 RkugRBHsIhnu 0/524 0/244 0/600 0/609 0/718 0/539 23 RkugEkb 0/524 0/244 0/600 0/609 0/718 0/539 07 kMBt 0/524 0/244 0/600 0/609 0/718 0/539 01 bnÞaymanC½y 0/476 0/320 0/995 0/365 0/153 0/462 08 kNþal 0/595 0/533 0/400 0/051 0/605 0/437 20 sVayerog 0/667 0/135 0/650 0/359 0/363 0/435 14 éRBEvg 0/667 0/173 0/350 0/218 0/589 0/399 15 eBaF×sat; 0/405 0/091 0/300 0/635 0/238 0/334 03 kMBg;cam 0/500 0/137 0/250 0/301 0/444 0/326 21 taEkv 0/524 0/358 0/550 0/000 0/185 0/323 19 swÞgERtg 0/405 0/371 0/150 0/263 0/367 0/311 13 RBHvihar 0/405 0/371 0/150 0/263 0/367 0/311 10 RkecH 0/405 0/371 0/150 0/263 0/367 0/311 06 kMBg;FM 0/476 0/044 0/450 0/391 0/097 0/292 04 kMBg;qñaMg 0/262 0/060 0/300 0/058 0/718 0/279 05 kMBg;sW< 0/405 0/040 0/050 0/160 0/387 0/208 17 esomrab 0/405 0/000 0/250 0/288 0/000 0/189 22 ]tþrmanC½y 0/405 0/000 0/250 0/288 0/000 0/189 16 rtnKirI 0/000 0/029 0/000 0/205 0/250 0/097 11 mNÐlKirI 0/000 0/029 0/000 0/205 0/250 0/097

RbPB³ RksYgEpnkar nigRksYgsuxaPi)al 2001.

62

2>6 eKaledATI6³ karRbyuT§nwgemeraKeGds_¼CmW¶eGds_ RKuncaj; nigCm¶WdéTeTot eKaledATI 6 sMedATb;sáat;RBmTaMgkat;bnßy nUvkarrIkraldalénemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ GRtaqøgf μ IénCm¶WRKuncaj; nigCm¶WF¶n;F¶rdéTeTotdUcCaCm¶WrebgCaedIm. 2>6>1 sUcnakr nigcMNucedAén KGsk6 tarag 2>6>1 )anbgðaj[eXIjenAkñúgCYrQrxageqVg KWCacMNucedA nigsUcnakrEdl)anesñI eLIgedayGgÁkarshRbCaCati rIÉCYrQrxagsþaM bgðajBIcMNucedA nigsUcnakrEdl)aneRCIserIseday raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa bnÞab;BImankarBieRKaHeyabl;CamYynwgPaKIBak;B½n§ sMxan;²rYcmk. tarag 2>6>1³ mUldæanIykmμén KGs6 eTACa KGsk6

eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_sklTI6 KGsk6 cMNucedATI7³ Tb;sáat; nigkat;bnßykarrIkraldalén emeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ eGay)anenAqñaM2015

cMNucedArYmTI11³ bnßykarrIkraldal énemeraKeGds_¼ Cm¶WeGds_

sUcnakr18³ GRtaeRbva:Lg; énemeraKeGds_kñúgcMeNamRsIþmanépÞeBaHEdlmanGayuBI 15-24qñaM

sUcnakr6>1³ GRtaeRbva:Lg;énemeraKeGds_kñúgcMeNammnusS eBjv½yGayuBI 15-49qñaMsUcnakr6>2³ GRtaeRbva:Lg;énemeraKeGds_kñúgcMeNamRsþI manépÞeBaH EdlmanGayuBI 15-24qñaM )anBinitüépÞeBaHmun eBlsMralkUn

sUcnakr19³ GRtaeRbIeRsamGnam½ykñúgGRta eRbva:Lg;énkarBnüarkMenIt

sUcnakr6>3³ GRtaeRbIeRsamGnam½y kñúgcMeNamGñkrksIupøÚv ePT kñúgeBlrYmePTcugeRkaysUcnakr6>4³ PaKryényuvCnGayuBI 15-24qñaM Edl)an raykarN_ BIkareRbIeRsamGnam½y kñúgeBlrYmePTCamYyédKU mineTogTat;sUcnakr6>5³ smamaRténkarRbIeRsamGnam½y Edl)an raykarN_edayRsIþerobkarEdldwgfaxøÜnsißtkññúgsßanPaB eRKaHfñak;

sUcnakr20³ cMnYnkumarkMRBaedaysarCm¶WeGds_ sUcnakr6>6³ PaKryénRsIþBinitüépÞeBaHmuneBlsMral Edl manpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ehIy)ancUlrYmkñúgkmμviFIbgáarkarqøgBI mþayeTAkUnsUcnakr6>7³ PaKryénGñkCMgWeGds_ Edl)anTTYlfñaMRbqaMg nwgemeraKeGds_

cMNucedATI8³ Tb;sáat; nigkarkat;bnßyGRtaqøgf μ Ién Cm¶WRKuncaj; nigCm¶WF¶n;F¶rdéTeToteGay)anenA qñaM2015

cMNucedArYmTI12³ bnßykarrIkraldal énCmW¶RKuncaj; RKunQam nigrebg

sUcnakr21³ GRtaeRbva:Lg; nigGRtasøab;edaysar Cm¶WRKuncaj;

sUcnakr6>8³ GRtasøab;edaysarCm¶WRKuncaj; Edl)an raykarN_ edayEpñksuxaPi)alsaFarN³

sUcnakr22³ smamaRténRbCaCnenAtMbn;RbQmmux nwgCm¶WRKuncaj; EdleRbIR)as;viFIbgáar nigviFankar

sUcnakr6>9³ smamaRténRbCaCn enAtMbn;manCm¶WRKuncaj; x<s; EdleRbImugRClk;fñaMkalBIyb;knøgmk

63

Büa)alRbkbedayRbsiT§PaB sUcnakr6>10³ cMnYnGñkCMgWRKuncaj;)anTTYlkarBüa)alkñúg EpñksuxaPi)alsaFarN³kñúgRbCaCn 1000 nak; sUcnakr6>11³ smamaRténesvasuxPaBsaFarN³ EdlGac bBa¢ak;BIeraKvinicä½yCm¶WRKuncaj;)anCak;lak;95°tamrUbmnþCatisUcnakr6>12³ cMnYnGñkCm¶WRKunQamTTYlkarBüa)al kñúgEpñk suxaPi)alsaFarN³kñúgRbCaCn 1000 nak; sUcnakr6>13³ GRtasøab;edaysarCm¶WRKunQamEdl)an raykarN_BIEpñksuxaPi)alsaFarN³

sUcnakr23³ GRtaeRbva:Lg; nigGRtasøab;edaysar Cm¶Wrebg

sUcnakr6>14³ GRtaeRbva:Lg;énCm¶WrebgsYtviC¢man BK kñúg RbCaCn 100000 nak;sUcnakr6>15³ GRtasøab; edaysarCm¶Wrebg kñúgRbCaCn 100000 nak;

sUcnakr24³ smamaRténkrNICm¶WrebgEdl)anrk eXIj nigBüa)aledaymankarRtYtBinitüpÞal; (DOTS)

sUcnakr6>16³ smamaRténGñkEdl)an):an;sμanfamankrNI Cm¶WrebgsYtviC¢man BK fμ I )anrkeXIjeRkamkarBüa)aleday mankarRtYtBinitüpÞal; (DOTS)

sUcnakr6>17³ smamaRténGñkCm¶WrebgsYtviC¢man BK Edl )ankt;Rta ehIy)anBüa)alRbkbedayeCaKC½yeRkamkar Büa)aledaymankarRtYtBinitüpÞal; (DOTS)

tarag 2>6>2 bgðajnUvtMélTinñn½ymUldæan nigtMélcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk6 tam lMdab;qñaM;. témøTinñn½ymUldæanTaMgenH KWCatYelxEdlmanfI μ²bMput. tarag 2>6>2³ tMélTinñn½ymUldæan nigtMélcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk6 tamlMdab;qñaM

sUcnakr

Tinñn½ymUldæan cMNucedA tMél qñaM 2005 2010 2015

6>1 GRtaeRbva:Lg; énemeraKeGds_ kñúgcMeNammnusSeBjv½y GayuBI 15-49qñaM 3/3° 1997 2/3 2/0 1/86>2 GRtaeRbva:Lg;énemeraKeGds_kñúgcMeNamRsþImanépÞeBaH EdlmanGayuBI 15-24qñaM )anBinitüépÞeBaHmuneBlsMral 2/8° 1998 2/4 2/0 1/5

6>3 GRtaeRbIeRsamGnam½y kñúgcMeNamGñkrksIupøÚvePTkñúgeBlrYmePTcugeRkay 91° 2002 98 98 986>4 PaKryényuvCnGayuBI 15-24qñaM Edl)anraykarN_BIkareRbIeRsam Gnam½ykñúgeBlrYmePTCamYyédKUmineTogTat;; 82° 2002 85 90 95

6>5 smamaRténkarRbIeRsamGnam½y Edl)anraykarN_edayRsIþerobkarEdl dwgfaxøÜnsißtkññúgsßanPaBeRKaHfñak; 1° 2000 2 5 10

6>6 PaKryénRsIþBinitüépÞeBaHmuneBlsMral EdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ehIy)an cUlrYmkñúgkmμviFIbgáarkarqøgBImþayeTAkUn 2/7° 2002 10 35 50

6>7 PaKryénGñkCMgWeGds_ Edl)anTTYlfñaMRbqaMgnwgemeraKeGds_ 3° 2002 25 60 756>8 GRtasøab;edaysarCm¶WRKuncaj; Edl)anraykarN_ edayEpñksuxaPi)al saFarN³ 0/4° 2000 0/3 0/2 0/1

6>9 smamaRténRbCaCn enAtMbn;manCm¶WRKuncaj;x<s; EdleRbImugRClk;fñaMkal BIyb;knøgmk 24° 1998 80 95 98

64

6>10 cMnYnGñkCMgWRKuncaj; Edl)anTTYlkarBüa)al enAkñúgEpñksuxaPi)al saFarN³ kñúgRbCaCn 1000 nak;; 11/4 2000 9 7 4

6>11 smamaRténesvasuxPaBsaFarN³ EdlGacbBa¢ak;BIeraKvinicä½yCm¶W RKuncaj;)anCak;lak; 95° tamrUbmnþCati 60° 2002 70 80 95

6>12 cMnYnGñkCm¶WRKunQam Edl)anTTYlkarBüa)al enAkñúgEpñksuxaPi)al saFarN³ kñúgRbCaCn 1000 nak; 1 2001 0/8 0/6 0/4

6>13 GRtasøab;edaysarCm¶WRKunQam Edl)anraykarN_ BIEpñksuxaPi)al saFarN³ 1/5° 2003 1 0/5 0/3

6>14 GRtaeRbva:Lg; énCm¶WrebgsYtviC¢man BK kñúg 100000 nak; 428 1997 321 214 1356>15 GRtasøab; edaysarCm¶Wrebg kñúgRbCaCn 100000 nak; 90 1997 68 45 326>16 smamaRténGñkEdl)an):an;sμanfamankrNICm¶WrebgsYtviC¢man BK f μI )anrkeXIjeRkamkarBüa)aledaymankarRtYtBinitüpÞal; (DOTS)

57° 2002 70 >70 >70

6>17 smamaRténGñkCm¶WrebgsYtviC¢man BK Edl)ankt;Rta ehIy)anBüa)al RbkbedayeCaKC½y eRkamkarBüa)aledaymankarRtYtBinitüpÞal; (DOTS)

89° 2002 >85 >85 >85

sMKal;³ sMrab;sUcnakr 6>1 nig 6>2 qñaM1997 nig1998 RtUv)aneRCIserIsCaTinñn½yqñaMmUldæan edaysarkñúgry³eBlenaH vaCakareqøIytb y:agykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHkarratt,atEdl)ancab;epþIm. krNIepSgeTot Tinñn½ymUldæantMNageGayTinñn½yEdlman.

2>6>2 emeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ 2>6>2>1 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk6 sþIBIemeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_ GRtaeRbva:Lg;énemeraKeGds_ kñúgRbCaCneBjv½y ¬GayuBI 15-49qñaM¦ )anFøak;cuHBI 3/3° mk 2/6° kñúgrvagqñaM1997 nigqñaM2002. karbnøayninñakarCaExSbnÞat;bgðajfa RbeTskm<úCanwg sMerc)annUvcMNucedA KGsk Edlman 1/8° kñúgqñaM2015. k¾dUcCakñúgEpñkdéTeToténÉksarenHEdr cMeNalCabnÞat;énninñakarknøgmk KYrEtRtUvbkRsayedayRbugRby½tñ eRBaHmanktþaCaeRcInGac ERb RbYldUcCa GayukalGacrs;)anrbs;GñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ nigkarpøas;bþÚrTMlab;énkarRbRBwtþ. rUb 2>6>1³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénGRtaeRbva:Lg;emeraKeGds_ kñúgcMeNammnusSeBjv½y GayuBI

15-49qñaM

1.5

2.2

2.6

2.83.1

3.33.3

0.8

2.32

1.8

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

GRtaeRb

v:aLg;

cMNucedA

ninñakar

RbPB³ mCÄmNÐlCatiRbyuT§nwgemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ esIrEs,k nigkameraK 2002

65

GRtaeRbva:Lg;emeraKeGds_kñúgcMeNam®sþImanépÞeBaH ¬GayuBI 15-24qñaM¦ )anBinitüépÞeBaH muneBlsMralekIneLIgBI 0/75° eTA 2/7° kñúgrvagqñaM1993 nigqñaM2002. sUcnakrtMNagénkar qøgBImþayeTAkUnenH enAmankMritx<s;Nas;ehIyminTMngCafycuHvijeT kñúgeBlxøIxagmuxenH. eday ehtuenHRtUvkarxitxMRbwgERbgbEnßmeTot edIm,IGacsMerc)annUvcMNucedAEdl)ankMNt; 1/5° kñúgqñaM 2015. rUb 2>6>2³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénGRtaeRbva:Lg;emeraKeGds_ kñúgcMeNamRsIþGayuBI 15-24qñaM

)anBinitüépÞeBaHmuneBlsMral 2.82.82

2.56

2.19

1.71

1.23

0.24

2.76 2.73

0.75

0.42

2.7 2.66 2.62

2.4

2

1.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

GRtaeRb

v:aLg;

c MNuced A

n in ñaka r

RbPB³ mCÄmNÐlCatiRbyuT§nwgemeraKeGds_ nigCm¶WeGds_ esIrEs,k nigkameraK 2002

RbeTskm<úCa)ansMercnUvsmiT§iply:agFM elIkareRbIeRsamGnam½ykñúgcMeNamGñkrksIupøÚvePT edaypÞal;. sUcnakrenH)anekIneLIgy:agelOnBI 16° eTAdl;Cag 91° kñúgrvagqñaM1996 nigqñaM 2002 EdleFIV[RbeTskm<úCasißtenAkñúgmaK’amYyd¾l¥eq<aHeTAsMerccMNucedArbs; KGsk énkareRbI eRsamGnam½y 100°. b:uEnþKYrkt;sMKal;Edrfa kareRbIeRsamGnam½yedayGñkrksIupøÚvePTeday Rbeyal enAmankMritTabCageRcIn KWRbhak;RbEhl 56°b:ueNÑaH ¬NCHADS 2002k¦. sUcnakrmYycMnYn BuMmanTinñn½yRKb;qñaM sMrab;eFVIcMeNalninñakar)aneT sUcnakrTaMgenaH rYmman PaKryényuvCnGayuBII 15-24qñaM Edl)anraykarN_BIkareRbIeRsamGnam½y kñúgeBlrYmePTCamYy édKUmineTogTat;;; 82° qñaM2002 ¬NCHADS 2002k¦ smamaRténkarRbIeRsamGnam½y Edl)an raykarN_edayRsIþerobkar EdldwgfaxøÜnsißtkññúgsßanPaBeRKaHfñak; 1° qñaM2000 (MOP & MOH 2001) PaKryénRsIþBinitüépÞeBaHmuneBlsMral EdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ehIy)ancUlrYmkñúgkmμviFIbgáarkar qøgBImþayeTAkUn 2/7° qñaM2002 ¬NAA 2003¦ PaKryénGñkCMgWeGds_Edl)anTTYlfñaMRbqaMgnwg emeraKeGds_ 3° ¬NAA 2003¦. cMNucedAEdl)anesñIeLIgsMrab;sUcnakrTaMgenH RtUv)ankMNt; tamlMdab;lMedaykñúgkMrit 95° 10° 50° nig 75° kñúgqñaM2015.

66

2>6>2>2 eKalneya)ay nigkm μviFIsMxan;²naeBlbc©úb,nñ EdlrYmcMENkdl;emeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ GaCJaFrCatiRbyuT§CmW¶eGds_EdlrYmTaMgRksYgcMnYn 26eTot CaGgÁkarkMBUlEdlRtUv)anbegIát eLIgedIm,IdwknaMkareqøIytbCaBhuvis½y cMeBaHemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_. RksYgsuxaPi)al nigGaCJaFr CatiRbyuT§nwgCmW¶eGds_ )anerobcMEpnkaryuT§saRsþCatimYy edIm,Ikat;bnßyemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ kñúgRbeTskm<úCa RBmTaMgpþl;karEfTaM nigkarKaMRTdl;Gñkrs;enAEdl pÞúkemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_. EpnkaryuT§saRsþCatisMrab;karbgáar nigkarEfTaMGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ nigCm¶WkameraK ¬2001-2005¦ epþateTAelIcMnucsMxan;²bI³ 1¦caM)ac;RtUvkat;bnßykarqøgenAkñúgRkumEdlRbQmmux nwgsßanPaBeRKaHfñak;x<s; 2¦RtUvkarCacaM)ac;nUvkarGb;rMsuxPaB nigkic©RbwgERbgbgáarEfmeTotkñúg cMeNamRbCaCnTUeTA nig 3¦caM)ac;RtUvbMBak;brikçardl;RbB½n§suxaPi)al edIm,IedaHRsaytMrUvkarEdl ecHEtekIneLIg. elIsBIenHeTot ckçúvis½yrbs;GaCJaFrCatiRbyuT§emeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_RtUv)andak; bBa©ÚleTAkñúg {EpnkaryuT§sa®sþCaticMeBaHkareqøIytbCaBhuvis½y nigTUlMTUlaysþIBIemeraKeGds_¼ CMgWeGds_ qñaM2001-2005} EdlEp¥keTAelIviFIsaRsþrYmpSMBIr énkarts‘UmtieGaymankarpøas;bþÚrpñt; KMnit. viFIsaRsþTImYysMedAelIkarman\T§iBlrbs;buKÁlcMeBaHkaryl;dwgelIsuvtßiPaBkarRbRBwtþ KWCa CMerIsd¾l¥ rIÉviFIsaRsþTIBIr sMedAelIkarpøas;bþÚrbribT esdækic©-sgÁmkic© Edlmanknøgmk edIm,IKaMRT dl;buKÁl k¾dUcCakarkarBarBYkeKBIkarqøgemeraKeGds_ RBmTaMgedaHRsaynUvplvi)akedaysaremeraK eGds_¼CMgWeGds_. eyagtamRkbx½NÐkargarenH manyuT§sa®sþ 7 RtUv)ancgRkgeLIgdUcxageRkam ¬GaCJaFrCatiRbyuT§emeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_ qñaM2001¦³

- pþl;siT§iGMNacdl;buKÁl RKYsar nigshKmn_ kñúgkarkarBaremeraKeGds_ nigedaHRsay plvi)akénemeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_ tamry³karelIkkMBs;brisßansgÁm vb,Fm’ nigesdækic© EdlnaMmknUvkarbgáar karEfTaM nigTb;sáat;emeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_.

- EklMGviFankarnItibBaØtþi nigBRgwgeKalneya)ayGPivDÆn_. - BRgwgrcnasm<½n§RKb;RKg dMeNIrkar nigynþkar edIm,IbegáInsmtßPaBEpñksMrbsMrYl tamdan nig

GnuvtþskmμPaBemeraKeGds_¼CMgWeGds_ nigbegáInshRbtibtþikarCamYyPaKIBak;B½n§ TaMgfñak; Cati nigGnþrCati.

- BRgwg nigBRgIkviFankarbgáarEdlmanRbsiT§PaB nigGnþraKmn_epSg². - BRgwg nigBRgIkskmμPaBEfTaM nigKaMRT RbkbedayRbsiT§PaB nigGnþraKmn_f μ I².

- BRgwgsmtßPaBCati sMrab;kartamdan karvaytMél nigkarRsavRCav.

- ekorKrFnFan edIm,IFananUvsmtßPaBmnusS nigkarpþl;mUlniFiRKb;RKan; enARKb;lMdab;fñak;.

GaCJaFrCatiRbyuT§nwgCmW¶eGds_CaGñkTTYlxusRtUv elIkarGPivDÆn_eKalneya)ay BRgwgTMnak; TMngPaBCaédKUCamYyPaKIBak;B½n§TaMgGs; edIm,IsMrbsMrYlkareqøIytbCaBhuvis½ycMeBaHemeraKeGds_

67

¼Cm¶WeGds_ ekorKrFnFanBIsßab½n nigPñak;garCati nigGnþrCati bBa©úHbBa©Úl[mankarKaMRTEpñknItibBaØtþi nigRsavRCavelIplb:HBal;Epñkesdækic©sgÁmkic©énemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ sMrbsMrYlkm μviFIRsavRCav nigBinitüeLIgvijRBmTaMgGnum½tkm μviFIBt’man Gb;rM nigTMnak;TMng enAkñúgRKb;vis½yTaMgGs;. GaCJaFr CatiRbyuT§nwgCmW¶eGds_ maneKalbMNgkat;bnßynUvPaBgayrgeRKaHrbs;RsþI nigekμgRsI cMeBaHemeraK eGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ nigbegáInsßanPaBrbs;BYkKat; edayriHrkviFIedIm,IlubbM)at;nUvGakb,kiriyaerIseGIg kñúgsgÁm CaBiessenAkñúgcMeNamburs. mCÄmNÐlCatiRbyuT§emeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ esIrEs,k nigkameraK manParkic©TTYlxusRtUvelIRbB½n§tamdanfñak;Cati nigGnuvtþkmμviFITaMgLaysMrab;RbCaCn EdlTTYlrgemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_. elIsBIenHeTot c,ab;sþIBIkarbgáar nigkarTb;sáat;karrIkral dalemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ RtUv)anGnum½tedaysPaCati enAéf¶TI 14 Exmifuna kalBIqñaMeTA. enAkñúgÉksaryuT§saRsþCatikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk yuT§saRsþbgáar niglubbM)at;emeraKeGds_¼ Cm¶WeGds_ RtUv)andwknaMedayGaCJaFrCatiRbyuT§nwgCmW¶eGds_. eKalneya)ayenHsMedA ¬1¦BRgwg TMnak;TMngPaBCaédKUCamYyPaKIBak;B½n§TaMgGs; nigsMrbsMrYlkareqøIytbCaBhuvis½y cMeBaHemeraK eGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ ¬2¦ekorKrFnFanBIsßab½n nigPñak;garCati nigGnþrCati ¬3¦elIkkMBs;karpþl; Bt’man nigkarGb;rMCasaFarN³elIkaryl;dwgGMBIemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ ¬4¦begIátkm μviFICak;lak; sMrab;RkumRbCaCnxus²Kña ¬5¦BRgwg nigBRgIkkm μviFIbgáar sMedAcMeBaHkarqøgBImþayeTAkUn nigkm μviFI déTeTotdUcCa kmμviFImitþGb;rMmitþ kmμviFIsuvtßiPaBQam nigkmμviFIkarRbugRby½tñCaskl. enAkñúgÉksarEpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©-sgÁmkic©5qñaMelIkTIBIr EpnkaryuT§sa®sþsMrab;karbgáar nigkarEfTaMGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ nigkameraKsMrab;ry³eBlqñaM2001-2005 RtUv)anerobcM edayRksYgsuxaPi)al nigmCÄmNÐlCatiRbyuT§emeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ esIrEs,k nigkameraK. eKaledAénEpnkaryuT§saRsþenHKW 1¦kat;bnßyGRtaqøgfμ IénemeraKeGds_ 2¦pþl;karEfTaM nigkar ]btßmÖKaMRTdl;GñkEdlrs;enA nigGñkEdlrgeRKaHedaypÞúkemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ nig 3¦kat;bnßy plb:HBal;esdækic©sgÁmkic© nigFnFanmnusSénCm¶WeGds_elIbuKÁl RKYsar shKmn_ nigsgÁm. 2>6>2>3 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² cMeBaHkarsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAénemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² EdlcaM)ac;RtUvCMnH[)an edIm,IsMerc)annUvcMNucedAénemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶W eGds_mandUcxageRkam³

− pøas;bþÚrkaryl;dwg nigTMlab;énkarRbRBwtþrbs;RbCaCn cMeBaHkareRbIeRsamGnam½y kareRbI eRKOgejon karRbRBwtþpøÚvePT ynþkarcMlgemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ nigkat;bnßykars¥b;exI<m cMeBaHGñkrs;enAedaypÞúkemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_.

− eFIV[RbesIreLIgnUvkarRbmUl nigviPaKTinñn½yelIsßanPaB ninñakar nigplb:HBal;esdækic©-sgÁmkic©éneraKratt,atenH.

68

− begáIn nigBRgIkkmμviFI]btßmÖKaMRTdl;Gñkrs;enAedaypÞúkemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ edaysgát; F¶n;eTAelIkarEfTaMtamshKmn_mUldæan.

− begIánlT§PaBTTYlfñaMRbqaMgnwgemeraKeGds_. − edaHRsaykarerIseGIgEpñkeynD½r tamry³yuT§nakarGb;rM nigkarpþl;GMNacdl;RsþI. − ksagsmtßPaBsßab½n nigbuKÁlRBmTaMgbegáInkarRKb;RKg nigkarTTYlxusRtUvxaghirBaØvtßú. − begáInkarsMrbsMrYl nigPaBCaédKUrvagvis½yepSg² rYmman sßab½nÉkCn sßab½nsaFarN³

nigsßab½nsasna Gñkrs;enAedaypÞúkemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ nigkarerobcMdMeNIrkarénPaB CaédKUTaMgenH.

2>6>2>4 RkbxNÐ½kargar edIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAénemeraKeGds_¼ Cm¶WeGds_

edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaRbQmCaKnwøH Edl)anelIkeLIgxagelI nigedIm,IsMerc[)annUvcMNucedA énemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ RtUvGnuvtþtamTisedACayuT§saRsþmYycMnYndUcxageRkam³

− eFIVyuT§nakarpþl;Bt’man karGb;rM nigTMnak;TMngEdltRmg;cMeBaHRbCaCnTUeTA sþIGMBIsuvtßiPaBén karRbRBwtþpøÚvePT ynþkarcMlgemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ karmins¥b;exI<m cMeBaHGñkgayrgeRKaH edayrs;enApÞúkemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ nigRKYsarrbs;BYkeK kareFVIGaCIvkm μpøÚvePTelIRsIþ nig TMenomTMlab;vb,Fm’ Edlyl;dwgminsmehtuplGMBIkarRbRBwtþpøÚvePTelIRsþI EdlmanBImun mk.

− BRgwgRbB½n§Bt’man k¾dUcCaBRgwgynþkartamdan nigvaytémøplb:HBal; edIm,ItamdankarrIk raldal nig\Ti§BlénemeraK.

− BRgwgbrikçarEpñkEfTaMsMrab;Gñkrs;enAedaypÞúkemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ tamry³PaBCaédKUenA kñúgRKb;kMrit edayRbtibtþiCamYynwgPaKIBak;B½n§sMxan;² nigkarcUlrYmBIshKmn_mUldæankñúg karpþl;karEfTaMCabeNþaHGasnñ.

− GnuvtþkarEfTaMCabnþ tamry³lT§PaBTTYlesvakmμsgÁmkic© nigsuxaPi)aledaybegIánfvika sMrab;karBüa)aledayfñaMRbqaMgnwgemeraKeGds_ dl;Gñkrs;enAedaypÞúkemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶W eGds_.

− BRgIkkmμviFIbgáarsMrab;karqøgBImþayeTAkUnrYmman karelIkkMBs;esvaRbwkSa nigkarBinitüQam edaysμ ½RKcitþsMrab;RsþImanépÞeBaH.

69

2>6>3 Cm¶WRKuncaj; nigRKunQam 2>6>3>1 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk6 sþIBICMgWRKuncaj; nigRKunQam sUcnakrEdl)anGnum½tedayRksYgsuxaPi)al edIm,ItamdankarvivDÆn_énCm¶WRKuncaj; rYmman³ GRtasøab;edaysarCMgWRKuncaj;)anfycuHBI 0/69° kñúgqñaM1996 mkenARtwm 0>38° kñúgqñaM2002 ¬mCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;CMgWRKuncaj; qñaM2002¦. tamel,ÓnenH RbeTskm<úCasißtenAelImaK’ad¾l¥eq<aH eTAsMerc)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk Edlman 0/1° kñúgqñaM2015. sUcnakrTIBIr smamaRténRbCaCnenAtMbn;manCm¶WRKuncaj;x<s; EdleRbImugRClk;fñaMkalBIyb; knøgmk)anekInBI 24° eTA 57° kñúgrvagqñaM1998 nigqñaM2002 ¬mCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;CMgWRKuncaj; qñaM2002¦. CafIμmþgeTot tamGRtaenH RbeTskm<úCanwgsMerc)annUvcMNucedA KGsk Edlman 98° kñúgqñaM2015. mansUcnakrbEnßmcMnYnBIreTot EdlBMumanTinñn½yCaninñakar. cMnYnGñkCMgWRKuncaj;Edl)an TTYlkarBüa)alenAkñúgvis½ysuxaPi)alsaFarN³ kñúgRbCaCn 1000nak; mancMnYn11/4 kñúgqñaM2000 ¬mCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;CMgWRKuncaj; qñaM2000¦ eFobeTAnwgcMNucedAEdlmancMnYn 4 kñúgqñaM2015. smamaRténesvasuxPaBsaFarN³ EdlGacbBa¢ak;BIeraKvinicä½yCm¶WRKuncaj;)anCak;lak; 95° tam rUbmnþCatiman 60° kñúgqñaM2002 ¬mCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;CMgWRKuncaj; qñaM2002¦ rIÉcMNucedA KGsk KW 95° kñúgqñaM2015. RbeTskm<úCa KWCaRbeTsmYykñúgcMeNamRbeTs EdlrgeRKaHy:agxøaMgedaysarCm¶WRKunQam enAkñúg]bTVIbGasIuGeKñy_ ehIymankarratt,atF¶n;F¶rmYycMnYnkñúgTsvtSr_knøgmkenH. sUcnakrcMnYn BIrBak;B½n§nwgCm¶WRKunQam Edl)anGnum½tedayRksYgsuxaPi)alrYmman cMnYnGñkCm¶WRKunQamEdl )anTTYlkarBüa)alenAkñúgEpñksuxaPi)alsaFarN³ kñúgRbCaCn 1000nak; EdlmanRtwmEt 1 kñúg RbCaCn 1000nak; kñúgqñaM2001 nigGRtasøab;edaysarCm¶WRKunQam Edl)anraykarN_edayEpñk suxaPi)alsaFarN³mancMnYn 1/5° kñúgExmifuna qñaM2003 ¬mCÄmNÐCatikMcat;CMgWRKunQam qñaM 2003¦. BMumanTinñn½yCaninñakareTsMrab;sUcnakrTaMgBIrenH EdltémøcMNucedAsMrab; qñaM2015 KW 0/4° nig 0/3° tamlMdab;. 2>6>3>2 eKalneya)ay nigkm μviFIsMxan;²naeBlbc©úb,nñEdlrYmcMENkdl;Cm¶WRKuncaj;¼RKunQam kmμviFICatiRKb;RKgCm¶WRKuncaj; km μviFICatiRKb;RKgCm¶WRKuncaj;mannaykdæanbYn EdlTTYlxusRtUvkarGnuvtþn_kmμviFIenAkñúg mCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;Cm¶WRKuncaj;³ ¬1¦karbgáar nigkarGb;rMsuxPaB ¬2¦eraKvinicä½y ¬3¦karBüa)al ¬4¦karRsavRCaveraKsa®sþratt,at nigRbtibtiþkar. yuT§saRsþsMxan;²bYn nigGnþraKmn_CaKnwøHbI enAkñúgmCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;Cm¶WRKuncaj;³

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- TisedACayuT§saRsþTaMgbYn EdlmCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;Cm¶WRKuncaj;Gnuvtþ³ 1> BRgwgsmtßPaBsßab½nénkmμviFICatiRKb;RKgCm¶WRKuncaj; fñak;Cati k¾dUcCafñak;mUldæan. 2> begáInkarRKb;RKgkrNICm¶WRKuncaj; sMrab;RKb;RsTab;RbCaCn. 3> begáInviFankarbgáar edIm,IkarBarRkumRbCaCn EdlRbQmmuxnwgeRKaHfñak;. 4> begIánTMhM nigRbsiT§PaBénBt’man karGb;rM nigTMnak;TMng sMrab;RbCaCn Edlrs;enAkñúgtMbn;

EdlRbQmnwgeRKaHfñak;. karepþateTAelITisedAyuT§sa®sþTI3 nigTI4 KWkarEckmugRClk;fñaMedaymCÄmNÐlCatikMcat; Cm¶WRKuncaj; nigGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)almYycMnYn dl;RKb;shKmn_kñúgtMbn;ratt,atTaMgLay nigelIk TwkcitþRbCaCneGayeRbImugTaMgenaH edIm,IkarBarxøÜnkuMeGaymUsxaM. karEckmugRClk;fñaMTaMgenHCakic© RbwgERbgrYmrbs;mCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;Cm¶WRKuncaj; mnIÞrsuxaPi)alextþ RsukRbtibtþi buKÁlikmNÐl suxPaB nigGaCJaFrmUldæan. RbkarsMxan;bMputKWkarcUlrYmrbs;GñkdwknaMshKmn_ nigRbCaCnxøÜnÉg Etmþg. - GnþraKmn_CaKnwøHTaMgbIrbs;mCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;Cm¶WRKuncaj;rYmman³

1> karGnuvtþn_viFIBüa)alrYmpSMCamun bnÞab;BIdwgGMBIeraKvinicä½yedayDibsÞik¼mIRkUsáúb (Dipstick/

Microscopy). 2> karEckmugRClk;fñaMtamRkuménRKb;tMbn;RKuncaj;kñúgRbeTs. 3> karrkTIpSarsMrab;DibsÞik fñaMkMcat;Cm¶WRKuncaj; nigmugRClk;fñaM.

kmμviFICatiRKb;RKgCm¶WRKunQam km μviFICatiRKb;RKgCm¶WRKunQam manmUldæanenAkñúgmCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;Cm¶WRKuncaj; énRksYg suxaPi)al KWCasßab½nTTYlbnÞúkpÞal;elIkarRKb;RKgCm¶WRKunQam. RsbtamyuT§saRsþCasklrbs; GgÁkarsuxPaBBiPBelakkñúgkarbgáar nigkarRKb;RKgCm¶WRKunQam¼Cm¶WRKunQamF¶n;F¶r enAkñúgqñaM1999 RksYgsuxaPi)alkm<úCa )ankMNt;eKaledAcMbgBIrelIEpñkRKb;RKgCm¶WRKunQamdUcxageRkam³

1> Tb;sáat;GRtasøab;rbs;kumar edaysarCm¶WRKunQamF¶n;F¶r edayBRgwgkarRKb;RKgmnÞIrBüa)al nigkarcUlBüal)alenAmnIÞreBTüTan;eBl.

2> kat;bnßyGRtaCm¶WRKunQam¼Cm¶WRKunQamF¶n;F¶r tamry³karGnuvtþn_GnþraKmn_RKb;RKgsm RsbelIPñak;garcmøgemeraK.

km μviFIRKb;RKgenH RtUv)an]btßmÖKaMRTedayTIPñak;garGPivDÆn_GnþrCatishrdæGaemrik (USAID)

eRkamkmμviFICMnYyBiPBelak edIm,IGnuvtþcMNucsMxan;²cMnYn 5 dUcxageRkamenH³ 1> begáInkarerobcM nigRtYtBinitüelIeraKratt,at.

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2> Gegáttamdankarratt,aténCm¶WRKunQam¼Cm¶WRKunQamF¶n;F¶r BüakrN_BIeRKaHfñak;énkarrat t,at nigdas;etOnCabnÞan;GMBIkarratt,atEdlman.

3> bgáarkarqøgCm¶WRKunQam¼Cm¶WRKunQamF¶n;F¶r. 4> bNþúHbNþalbuKÁliksuxaPi)al elIkarRKb;RKgCm¶WRKunQam¼Cm¶WRKunQamF¶n;F¶r. 5> elIkkMBs;karRKb;RKgCm¶WRKunQam edayshkarCamYyvis½ydéTeTot.

km μviFICatiRKb;RKgCm¶WRKunQam edaymanCMnYybec©keTsBIGgÁkarsuxPaBBiPBelak )anebþCJa GnuvtþRKb;RKgbBaðaKnwøHTaMgenH taMgBIqñaM2001 ehIy)ansMercKYreGaykt;sMKal;nUvkarkat;bnßy GRtasøab;BI 3° enAqñaM1998 mk 1/5° kñúgExmifuna qñaM2003. EpnkaryuT§saRsþ5qñaM rbs;RksYg suxaPi)al)ankMNt;cMNucedARtwm 1° mundMNac;qñaM2005. PaBkan;EtRbesIrénkareFVIGegáttamdan Cm¶WEp¥kelIRbB½n§Bt’mansuxaPi)al RtUv)anFananUvesckþIraykarN_Tan;eBl GMBIkrNIGñkCMgWEdlsMrak kñúgmnIÞreBTüenATUTaMgRbeTs. tamry³kar]btßmÖKaMRTxaghirBaØvtßú rbs;FnaKarBiPBelak sMrab;qñaM 2003 dl;qñaM2007 kmμviFIbgáar nigRKb;RKgRbkbedaycIrPaBmYyeTot GacRtUv)anbegáIteLIg edIm,I sMerceKaledAénkmμviFI. 2>6>3>3 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² cMeBaHkarsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAénCm¶WRKuncaj; nigRKunQam bBaðaRbQmCaKnøwHedIm,IsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAénCm¶WRKuncaj; nigRKunQammandUcxageRkam³

− kat;bnßy]bsKÁhirBaØvtßúkñúgcMeNamGñkRkIRk cMeBaHRKb;karbgáarCm¶WRKuncaj; Rbkbeday RbsiT§PaB eday]btßmÖcMNayelIviFankarbgáareraK nig¼b¤ edaybegIánR)ak;cMMNUlrbs;Gñk CnbT.

− begIánkaryl;dwgGMBIRbsiT§PaBénviFankarbgáar nigBüa)aleraKd¾RtwmRtUvrYmman karkat;bnßy karratt,aténPñak;garcmøgemeraKRKuncaj; kareRbImugRClk;fñaM .l.

− CMrujkarEckcaymugRClk;fñaM nigkarBüa)alCm¶WRKuncaj;dl;RbCaCnRkIRk enARKb;tMbn;CnbT EdlmanCm¶WenHratt,at.

− begIánsmtßPaBxagRKb;RKg nigbec©keTsdl;buKÁlikénkm μviFICatiRKb;RKg nigmnIÞrsuxaPi)al extþ¼Rkug.

− elIkkMBs;karcUlrYm nigkarekorKrshKmn_ edIm,IlubbM)at;dg;sIuetkMeNItx<s; énPñak;garcmøg emeraKRKunQamenH TaMgenAkñúgtMbn;TIRkug¼TIRbCMuCn k¾dUcCatMbn;CnbT.

− BRgIkkarpÁt;pÁg;Twkr:Ub‘Íen nigkm μviFIGnam½ytamRKYsar edIm,Ikat;bnßycMnYnskþanuBl énkareRbI R)as;FugsMrab;pÞúkTwkbRmug.

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− BRgwgRKb;skm μPaBRKb;RKg elIPñak;garcmøgemeraK edayykcitþTukdak;elIBagTwk eRbIR)as; ]bkrN_manRsab; b¤]bkrN_fμ I sMrab;RKb;RKgPñak;garcmøgemeraK ¬dUcCa ]bkrN_eRKOgynþ sarFatuCIvsaRsþ nigsarFatuKImI¦.

2>6>3>4 Rkbx½NÐkargaredIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAénCm¶WRKuncaj; nigRKunQam

edIm,ICMnHelIbBaðaRbQmCaKnwøH nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAénCm¶WRKuncaj; nigRKunQam Tis edACaKnwøHmYycMnYnmandUcxageRkam³

− eFIVyuT§nakarpþl;Bt’man karGb;rM nigTMnak;TMng dl;RbCaCnTUeTAenAtMbn;rgeRKaH GMBIviFankar d¾RtwmRtUvénkarbgáar nigkarBüa)alCm¶WRKuncaj; RBmTaMgedaHRsaybBaðaCMenORbéBNI Edl Gnuvtþxusknøgmk.

− begIáncMNayfvika edIm,IRbyuT§nwgCm¶WRKuncaj; TnÞwmKñanwgkarbegáInRbsiT§PaB enAkñúgkar Gnuvtþn_kmμviFInabc©úb,nñ tamry³karBRgIkkarRKb;RKg edayEp¥kelIlT§plrbs;RbB½n§suxa Pi)alsaFarN³ RBmTaMgpøas;bþÚrEbbbTénkarelIkTwkcitþ edIm,ICargVan;dl;Pñak;garsuxaPi)al kñúgb:usiþsuxPaB nigkñúgRKb;kmμviFIEdl)anbegáIteLIg edIm,IRbyuT§nwgCMgWRKuncaj;kñúgRKb;tMbn; EdlrgeRKaH.

− begáIncMnYnmugRClk;fñaM nigfñaMRbqaMgCm¶WRKuncaj; sMrab;eRbIkñúgtMbn;rgeRKaHtamry³ehdæarcna sm<½n§dwkCBa¢Únd¾RbesIr karEckcayedaysmPaBnUvRKb;sMPar³brikçarEdlRtUvpþl; eFVIeGaykan; EtRbesIreLIgnUvkarpþl;esvasuxaPi)al RBmTaMgpþl;esvakmμeGay)aneRcIndl;tMbn;Edlman eraKRKuncaj;ratt,at edaybuKÁliksuxaPi)al.

− mankarsMrbsMrYll¥kñúgcMeNamPaKIBak;B½n§sMxan;² kñúgkarRbyuT§nwgCm¶WRKuncaj;. − begIánbMENgEckfvikasMrab;karGnuvtþn_karbgáar nigkarRKb;RKgCmW¶RKunQam¼Cm¶WRKunQam

F¶n;F¶r enARKb;fñak;extþ¼Rkug. − begáInkrNIeraKvinicä½y nigkarRKb;RKgbec©keTs TaMgenAkñúgvis½ysaFarN³ nigÉkCn. − BRgwgkarRKb;RKgkm μviFI nigsmtßPaBbuuKÁlik enARKb;lMdab;fñak;rYmTaMgkñúgmnIÞrsuxaPi)alextþ¼

Rkug. − eFIV[mancIrPaB cMeBaHkic©RbwgERbgcUlrYmrbs;shKmn_ edayeRbIyuT§sa®sþekorKrsgÁmEdl

manlkçN³smRsb. − Gnum½tviFIsa®sþ :RKb;RKgPñak;garcmøgemeraKrYm : CayuT§sa®sþRKb;RKgPñak;garcmøgemeraKenA

kñúgRKb;tMbn; EdlRbQmnwgeRKaHfñak;x<s;.

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2>6>4 Cm¶Wrebg RbeTskm<úCasißtkñúgcMeNam 23 RbeTskñúgBiPBelak EdlmanbnÞúkCm¶Wrebgd¾F¶n;F¶r. eyag tamkarRbCMurbs;CMnajkarGgÁkarsuxPaBBiPBelak enARkugm:anIl naqñaM1997 knøgmk )an)a:n;sμan faman 64° éncMnYnRbCaCnsrub CaBiessGñkEdlrs;enAkñúgsßanPaBkkkuj nigxVHGnam½y RtUv)an qøgCm¶Wrebg. 2>6>4>1 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk6 sþIBICMgWrebg

mansUcnakrBIr RtUv)aneRbIedayRksYgsuxaPi)al edIm,ItamdanCm¶Wrebg EtBMumanTinñn½yCa ninñakareLIy. GRtaeRbva:Lg;énCm¶WrebgsYtviC¢man BK kñúgRbCaCn 100000nak; man 428 kñúgqñaM 1997 ¬Dye et al., 1999¦ eFobeTAnwgcMNucedA KGsk mancMnYn 135 kñúgqñaM2015. elIsBIenH eTot GRtasøab;edaysarCm¶Wrebg kñúgRbCaCn 100000nak; man 90 kñúgqñaM1997 ¬Dye et al., 1999¦ rIÉcMNucedA KGsk vij)ankMNt;RtwmEt 32 sMrab;qñaM2015. smamaRténGñkEdl)an)a:n;sμanfa mankrNICm¶WrebgsYtviC¢man BK fμ I)anrkeXIjeRkamkar Büa)aledaymankarRtYtBinitüpÞal; (DOTS) )anekIneLIgBI 51° dl; 57° kñúgrvagqñaM2001 nigqñaM 2002 ¬RksYgsuxaPi)al qñaM2002¦ bBa¢ak;facMNucedA KGsk Edl)ankMNt;FMCag 70° kñúgqñaM 2015 nwgGacsMerc)an. dUcCaEpñkdéTeTotEdr KYrEtmankarRbugRby½tñ enAeBleFVIcMeNalbnøay CaExSbnÞat;ecjBIninñakarknøgmk eRBaHktþakMNt;ninñakarenHGacERbRbYl. smamaRténGñkCm¶WrebgsYtviC¢man BK Edl)ankt;Rta ehIy)anBüa)alRbkbedayeCaKC½y eRkamkarBüa)aledaymankarRtYtBinitüpÞal; (DOTS) )anekIneLIgBI 88° kñúgqñaM2001 eTA 89° kñúgqñaM2002 ¬RksYgsuxaPi)al qñaM2002¦ EdlelIsBIcMNucedA KGsk Edl)ankMNt;eGayenAelI 85° sMrab;qñaM2005. 2>6>4>2 eKalneya)ay nigkm μviFIsMxan;²naeBlbc©úb,nñ EdlrYmcMENkdl;Cm¶Wrebg km μviFICatiRKb;RKgCm¶Wrebg)andMeNIrkar eRkamkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;mCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;eraK rebg nighg;sin ehIysßitenAkñúgRbB½n§suxaPi)alCatiTaMgmUl. Epnkar5qñaMfIμmYy ¬2001-2005¦ sMrab;RKb;RKgeraKrebgRtUv)anecjpSay kñúgqñaM2001 RsbeBlCamYynwgRkbx½NÐkargarsuxaPi)al Catifμ ImYy RtUv)anGnum½tedayRksYgsuxaPi)al. kñúgdMNac;qñaM2005 viFIsaRsþBüa)aledaymankar RtYtBinitüpÞal; (DOTS) KYrEtmankñúgRKb; 946 mNÐlsuxPaB ¬mNÐlsuxPaBmYy sMrab;RbCaCn 10000nak;¦ EdlkMBugRtUv)anerobcM b¤sagsg; enATUTaMgRbeTsbEnßmeTAelImnIÞreBTüCaticMnYn 8 nigmnIÞreBTübEg¥kcMnYn 68 eTot.

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mCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;eraKrebg nighg;sin )anpSBVpSaykarpþÜcepIþmKMnitCaeRcIn elIEpñkGb;rM suxPaB tamry³RbB½n§pSBVpSayBt’man edIm,IelIkTwkcitþGñkEdlmaneraKsBaØaCm¶Wrebg [eTAmNÐl suxPaB b¤mnÞIreBTüEdlenACitbMput edIm,IBinitü nigBüa)al. karBüa)al KWBuMmankarbg;R)ak;eLIy ehIyGñkCm¶Wrebgk¾)anTTYlGahar]btßmÖBIGgÁkarkmμviFIes,ógGaharBiPBelak kñúgry³eBlénkar Büa)alrbs;BYkeK. eKaledAsMxan;rbs;km μviFICatiRKb;RKgCm¶Wrebg KWbegáInsmiT§iplsuxaPi)al k¾dUc CaelIkkMBs;karGPivDÆn_esdækic©-sgÁmkic© nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk. eKalneya)aysuxaPi)alCati sMrab;karRKb;RKgCm¶Wrebg qñaM2001-2005 rYmman esckIþEføgkarN_eKalneya)aysMxan;²cMnYn 5 dUcxageRkam³

− mCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;eraKrebg nighg;sin snμtkarTTYlxusRtUvrYm sMrab;kmμviFICatiRKb;RKg Cm¶WrebgEdlRtUv)anGnuvtþenATUTaMgRbeTs tamry³RbB½n§pþl;karEfTaMsuxPaB enAkñúgRbeTs km<úCa.

− eyagtamBiFIkar nigeKalkarENnaMfñak;Cati km μviFICatiRKb;RKgCm¶WrebgRtUvFanaeGay)an KuNPaBl¥nUvesvaBüa)al bgáar nigelIkkMBs;esvaCMgWrebg dl;GñkCm¶WrebgEdlGaceRbIR)as; )anrhUtdl;shKmn_ edayminbg;R)ak;.

− RksYgsuxaPi)alnwgxitxMFana[)anfa hirBaØvtßúBIRKb;RbPBTaMgGs; sMrab;RKb;skmμPaB RKb;RKgCm¶Wrebg RtUv)anekorKry:ageBjTMhwg nigRtUv)aneRbIR)as;y:agmanRbsiT§PaB enAkñúg karRKb;RKgCm¶Wrebg EdlBuMmankarGak;xannUvkarpÁt;pÁg;fñaMrebg EdlmanKuNPaBl¥ ehIy Edlpþl;GaTiPaB dl;kareFIVvinieyaKelIFnFanmnusS nigsMPar³ sMrab;skmμPaBRKb;RKgCm¶W rebg.

− km μviFICatiRKb;RKgCm¶Wrebg nwgBRgwgRbB½n§Bt’manRBmTaMgelIkkMBs;skmμPaBRsavRCavedIm,I RKb;RKgkmμviFIeGay)anl¥. RbFanbTRsavRCavrYmman KMrUéneraKsa®sþratt,at \riyabfkñúg karEsVgrkesvasuxaPi)al nigbBaðadéTeTot EdlTak;TinnwgCm¶WrebgenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa.

− PaBCaédKUTaMgkñúg nigeRkARbeTs KYrEtCaktþasñÚlkñúgkarsMerc)annUvvtßúbMNg rbs;km μviFICati RKb;RKgCm¶Wrebg. FnFanTaMgGs;KYrEtRtUv)anekorKr nigRtUv)ansMrbsMrYl edIm,IbegáIn skmμPaBRKb;RKgCm¶WrebgenARKb;kMritTaMgGs; TaMgkñúg nigeRkARbB½n§KaMBarsuxPaB.

2>6>4>3 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² cMeBaHkarsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAénCm¶Wrebg edIm,IsMerc[)annUvcMNucedA KGsk Tak;TgeTAnwgCm¶WrebgEdlenAesssl; bBaðaRbQmdUc xageRkamRtUvEtedaHRsaytamlMdab;lMeday³

− begIánsmtßPaBbuKÁlikenARKb;kMrit CaBiessenAkñúgkareFIVEpnkar karRKb;RKg nigkarGnuvtþn_ viFIsaRsþBüa)aledaymankarRtYtBinitüpÞal; (DOTS) k¾dUcCakaredaHRsayelIeRKOgelIkTwk citþsMrab;nieyaCikbMerIkargarkñúgvis½ysaFarN³.

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− RsbeBlCamYyKñaenH RtUvedaHRsaybBaðaemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ PaBRkIRk pÞHsMEbg¼ Gnam½y nigCm¶WrebgpgEdr.

− bnßykar)at;bg;»kasrkcMNUl edaysarkarBüa)alCm¶Wrebg EdlTamTareBlEvg. − begIánkaryl;dwgelIsBaØa nigeraKsBaØaénCm¶Wrebg k¾dUcCakarGnuvtþn_RtwmRtUvnUvkarBüa)al

tamevC¢bBa¢a. − BRgwgkarcUlrYmrbs;édKUdéTeTot kñúgkarRKb;RKgCm¶WrebgdUcCa vis½yÉkCn GgÁkarminEmn

rdæaPi)al GgÁkarshKmn_mUldæan nigRKb;sßab½nraCrdæaPi)alkñúgkarRsavRCav nigBüa)al Cm¶Wrebg.

2>6>4>4 Rkbx½NÐkargar edIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAénCm¶Wrebg edIm,ICMnHelIbBaðaRbQmCaKnwøH nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedA KGsk TisedACaKnwøHmYycMnYnman dUcxageRkam³

− begIánfvikaedIm,IRbyuT§nwgCm¶Wrebg k¾dUcCabegáInkareRbIR)as;edayRbsiT§PaBnUvFnFanTaMgenaH edayBRgIkkarRKb;RKgEp¥kelIlT§plCamUldæanénRbB½n§suxaPi)alsaFarN³.

− begáInsmtßPaBbuKÁlikRKb;lMdab;fñak; CaBiesssmtßPaBkñúgkareFIVEpnkar karRKb;RKg nigkar Gnuvtþn_viFIsaRsþBüa)aledaymankarRtYtBinitüpÞal; (DOTS).

− BRgIkkmμviFIBüa)aledaymankarRtYtBinitüpÞal; (DOTS) nigmNÐlsuxPaB¼b:usþisuxPaB sMrab; karBüa)aleraKrebgenAtamshKmn_.

− eFIVyuT§nakarpþl;Bt’man karGb;rM nigTMnak;TMng dl;RbCaCnTUeTAGMBIkarbgáar karRsavRCav nig Büa)alCm¶WrebgeGay)anRtwmRtUv.

2>6>5 PaBxusKñatamtMbn;kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk6 rUb 2>6>4 bgðajBIkarEbgEcktamtMbn;énsUcnakr KGsk6 tamextþ¼Rkug. tMélnImYy²

tMNageGaysnÞsSn_manTMgn;mFümes μIKña (equally weighted index) énsUcnakr EdlmanTinñn½yTaMg Gs;rbs; KGsk6. lT§plénsnÞsSn_rYmenH bgðajnUvrUbPaBxusKña énsßanPaBRbeTsTak;TgeTAnwg karRbyuT§nwgemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ Cm¶WRKuncaj; nigCm¶WdéTeTot. lT§plTaMgenHGnuBaØati[eyIg eFVIkarEbgEckextþ¼RkugCabIlMdab;fñak;. extþ¼RkugEdlmanBN’ébtg Caextþ¼RkugEdlmanlT§PaB RbesIrCageKkñúgkarQaneTAsMerccMNucedA. extþ¼RkugEdlmanBN’elOg Caextþ¼RkugEdlman lT§PaBmFüm ehIyextþ¼RkugEdlmanBN’Rkhm manlT§PaBexSayCageK kñúgkarQaneTAsMerc cMNucedAenAqñaM2015. bNþaextþEdlmanBN’Rkhm eRcInsißtenAPUmiPaKBay½Bü nigPaKxagt,Úgén RbeTs.

76


sMKal;³ snÞsSn_rbs; KGsk6 KWCamFümPaKEdlmanTMgn;esμ IKña eTAtamlMdab;extþnImYy² elIGefrénsUcnakr4 rbs; KGsk6.

77


elxkUd extþ¼Rkug sUcnakr 6>2 sUcnakr 6>10 sUcnakr 6>12 sUcnakr 6>14 KGsk6 22 ]tþrmanC½y K μan 0/123 0/000 K μan 0/938 13 RBHvihar 0/000 0/310 0/027 0/190 0/868 11 mNÐlKirI K μan 0/387 0/011 0/146 0/819 08 kNþal 0/000 0/037 0/297 0/438 0/807 14 éRBEvg 0/137 0/044 0/187 0/452 0/795 12 PñMeBj 0/471 0/000 0/104 0/266 0/790 06 kMBg;FM 0/373 0/057 0/126 0/491 0/738 03 kMBg;cam 0/157 0/352 0/363 0/187 0/735 15 eBaF×sat; 0/176 0/283 0/429 0/171 0/735 20 sVayerog 0/235 0/129 0/115 0/612 0/727 19 swÞgERtg 0/549 0/549 0/099 0/000 0/701 04 kMBg;qñaMg 0/392 0/140 0/258 0/483 0/682 09 ekaHkug 0/725 0/413 0/093 0/069 0/675 02 )at;dMbg 0/765 0/324 0/027 0/215 0/667 18 RkugRBHsIhnu 0/255 0/174 0/511 0/431 0/657 10 RkecH 0/490 0/292 0/566 0/202 0/612 07 kMBt 0/098 0/371 1/000 0/148 0/596 23 RkugEkb K μan 0/262 K μan 0/556 0/591 16 rtnKirI 0/843 0/282 K μan 0/154 0/574 21 taEkv K μan 0/150 0/802 0/367 0/560 05 kMBg;s<W 0/549 0/224 0/407 0/601 0/555 01 bnÞaymanC½y 1/000 0/176 0/379 0/235 0/552 17 esomrab 0/882 0/352 0/016 0/732 0/504 24 Rkugéb:lin 0/922 1/000 0/187 1/000 0/223

sMKal;³ karfwøgEføg RtUv)anEksMrYleTAtamTinñn½yEdlxVHcenøaH. RbPB³ - GegáttamdanGRtaeRbv:aLg;emeraKeGds_ mCÄmNÐlCatiRbyuT§emeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ esIrEs,k nigkameraK 2002.

- r)aykarN_sißtisuxaPi)alCati RksYgsuxaPi)al 2000. - sßitiCm¶WrebgRbcaMqñaM kñúgRbeTskm<úCa 2000 ¬RksYgsuxaPi)al km μviFICatikMcat;eraKrebg¦.

78

2>7 eKaledATI7³ FanacIrPaBbrisßan eKaledATI 7 maneKalbMNgbBa©ÚleKalkarN_GPivDÆn_cIrPaBeTAkñúgRKb;eKalneya)ay nig

km μviFICati sMedAbegáInFnFanbrisßan nigrkSaeGay)anKg;vgSnUvKMrbéRBeQI RBmTaMgCMrujeGayman Twks¥ateRbIR)as; nigFanaeGayRbCaCnmansuvtßiPaBkan;kab;dIFøI. 2>7>1 sUcnakr nigcMnucedAén KGsk7

tarag 2>7>1 )anbgðaj[eXIjenAkñúgCYrQrxageqVg KWCacMNucedA nigsUcnakrEdl)anesñI eLIgedayGgÁkarshRbCaCati rIÉCYrQrxagsþaM bgðajBIcMNucedA nigsUcnakrEdl)aneRCIserIseday raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa bnÞab;BImankarBieRKaHeyabl;CamYynwgPaKIBak;B½n§sMxan;²rYcmk. tarag 2>7>1³ mUldæanIykmμén KGs7 eTACa KGsk7

eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_sklTI7 KGsk7 cMNucedATI9³ bBa©ÚleKalkarN_GPivDÆn_cIrPaBeTAkñúg eKalneya)ay nigkmμviFICati nigbegáInFnFanbrisßan

cMNucedArYmTI13³ bBa©ÚleKalkarN_GPivDÆn_cIrPaBeTAkñúg eKalneya)ay nigkmμviFICati nigbegáInFnFanbrisßan

sUcnakr25³ smamaRtépÞdIRKbdNþb;edayéRBeQI sUcnakr7>1³ KMrbéRBeQICaPaKryénépÞdIsrub sUcnakr26³ épÞdItMbn;karBar edIm,IEfrkSaCIvcMruH

sUcnakr7>2³ épÞdItMbn;karBarFm μCati sUcnakr7>3³ épÞdItMbn;GPirkSéRBeQI sUcnakr7>4³ cMnYnGñkGPirkSkñúgtMbn;karBarFmμCati sUcnakr7>5³ cMnYnGñkGPirkSkñúgtMbn;GPirkSéRBeQI sUcnakr7>6³ smamaRtépÞTwkLÚt_ensaTEdlRbKl;eTA eGayshKmn_mUldæansUcnakr7>7³ cMnYnshKmn_ensaT sUcnakr7>8³ épÞTwkéntMbn;karBarEdlCaCMrkmcäaCati

sUcnakr27³ plitplkñúgRsuksrubkñúgmYyÉktaénkar eRbIR)as;famBl ¬CatMNageGayRbsiT§PaBfamBl¦

sUcnakr7>9³ GRtaRKYsareRbIGusCafamBl

sUcnakr28³ karbMPay]sμ ½nkabUnic ¬kñúgmnusSmñak;¦ ¬bUkbEnßmkarbMBulbriyakasBiPBelaktamrebobBIr y:ag³ karFøayRsTab;GUsUn nigkarekIneLIgénkMedA briyakasBiPBelak¦ cMNucedATI10³ kat;bnßysmamaRtRbCaCnEdlK μanTwk s¥ateRbIR)as;CaRbcaMeGay)anBak;kNþal enAqñaM2015

cMNucedArYmTI14³ kat;bnßysmamaRtRbCaCn EdlK μanTwk s¥ateRbIR)as;CaRbcaM eGay)anBak;kNþal enAqñaM2015

sUcnakr29³ smamaRtRbCaCn EdlmanRbPBTwks¥at eRbIR)as;CaRbcaM

sUcnakr7>10³ smamaRtRbCaCnCnbT EdlmanRbPBTwk s¥ateRbIR)as;sUcnakr7>11³ smamaRtRbCaCnTIRkug¼RbCMuCn Edlman RbPBTwks¥ateRbIR)as;

cMNucedATI11³ eFVIeGaymanCIvPaBrs;enAl¥RbesIrdl; GñkRkIRkTIRkugy:agtic 100lannak; enAqñaM2020

cMNucedArYmTI15³ kat;bnßysmamaRtRbCaCnEdlxVHRbB½n§ Gnam½y[kan;EtRbesIreLIg)anBak;kNþal enAqñaM2015

79

sUcnakr30³ smamaRtRbCaCnEdlmanRbB½n§Gnam½y RbesIreLIg

sUcnakr 7>12³ smamaRtRbCaCnCnbTEdlmanlT§PaB TTYl)anRbB½n§Gnam½yRbesIreLIg sUcnakr 7>13³ smamaRtRbCaCnTIRkug¼RbCMuCn Edlman lT§PaBTTYl)anRbB½n§Gnam½yRbesIreLIg

sUcnakr31³ GRtaénRbCaCn EdlmansuvtßiPaBkñúgkar kan;kab;dIFøI

cMNucedArYmTI 16³ begáInGRtaénRbCaCnEdlmansuvtßiPaB kan;kab;dIFøITUTaMgRbeTs TaMgCnbT nigTIRkug [)aneRcIn enAqñaM2015 sUcnakr7>14³ GRtaénRbCaCnEdlmanb½NÑkm μsiT§idIFøI TUTaMgRbeTs TaMgCnbT nigTIRkug

tarag 2>7>2 bgðajnUvtMélTinñn½ymUldæan nigtMélcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk7 sMrab;qñaM 2005 qñaM2010 nigqñaM2015. Tinñn½ymUldæanenH ERbRbYleTAtamTinñn½yEdlman. tarag 2>7>2³ tMélTinñn½ymUldæan nigtMélcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk7 tamlMdab;qñaM


7>1 KMrbéRBeQICaPaKryénépÞdIsrub 60 ¬1¦ 60 60 607>2 épÞdItMbn;karBarFm μCatiTaMg 23 ¬lanhikta¦ 3/3 1993 3/3 3/3 3/37>3 épÞdItMbn;GPirkSéRBeQIf μITaMg 6 ¬lanhikta¦ 1/35 1996 1/35 1/35 1/357>4 cMnYnGñkGPirkSkñúgtMbn;karBarFm μCati 600 2001 772 987 1>2007>5 cMnYnGñkGPirkSkñúgtMbn;GPirkSéRBeQI 500 2001 500 500 5007>6 smamaRtépÞTwkLÚt_ensaT EdlRbKl;eTAeGayshKmn_ mUldæan

56 1998 58 60 60

7>7 cMnYnshKmn_ensaT 264 2000 364 464 5897>8 épÞTwktMbn;karBarEdlCaCMrkmcäaCati ¬Ban;hicta¦ 264 2000 581 581 5817>9 GRtaRKYsarEdleRbIGusCazamBl 92 1993 70 61 527>10 smamaRtRbCaCnCnbTEdlmanRbPBTwks¥ateRbIR)as; 24 1998 30 40 507>11 smamaRtRbCaCnTIRkug¼RbCMuCnEdlmanRbPBTwks¥at eRbIR)as;

60 1998 68 74 80

7>12 smamaRtRbCaCnCnbT EdlmanlT§PaBTTYl)anRbB½n§ Gnam½yRbesIreLIg 8/6 1998 12 20 30

7/13 smamaRtRbCaCnTIRkug¼RbCMuCnEdlmanlT§PaBTTYl)an RbB½n§Gnam½yRbesIreLIg 49 1998 59 67 74

7>14 GRtaénRbCaCnEdlmanb½NÑkmμsiT§idIFøITUTaMgRbeTs TaMgCnbT nigTIRkug11

15 2000 16 32 65

¬1¦ qñaMmUldæanKWCamFümPaKénKMrbéRBeQIkñúgTsvtSr_knøgmk ¬1992-2002¦. 11

enAeBlTinñn½yGacrk)an r)aykarN_kñúgeBlGnaKtnwgpþl;sUcnakrepSg²sMrab;tMbn;TIRkug¼RbCMuCn nigCnbT.

80

2>7>2 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk7 enAqñaM1969 éRBeQI)anRKbsNþb;elIépÞdI 13/2 lanhikta Edlesμ Inwg 73° énépÞdI

RbeTs. rhUtdl;edImTsvtSr_qñaM1970 karRKb;RKgéRBeQIenAmanlkçN³l¥RbesIr edayminsUvman plb:HBal;dl;RbB½n§eGkULÚsuIeT. tMbn;éRBeQIRtUv)anEbgEckeTACaRbePTéRBbMrug EdlRtUvRKb;RKg eTAtamtYnaTI edayepþatCaBiesseTAelIplitkmμcIrPaB karkarBar karbegáIttMbn;CMrkstVéRB nigtMbn; RsavRCav nigkarGPirkSFnFanFmμCatienACMuvijtMbn;GgÁrvtþ. KMrbéRBeQI)anFøak;cuHmkenA 58/7° énépÞdIRbeTsenAqñaM1997 eTaHbICamankardaMeQIeLIg vijcMnYn 11125 hikta enAcenøaHqñaM1985 nigqñaM2002 k¾eday. KMrbéRBeQIEdlFøak;cuHenAcenøaH BITsvtSr_qñaM1960 rhUtdl;qñaM2002 mancMnYnCit 2lanhikta ebIKitCaGRta)at;bg; KWWticCagknøH PaKrykñúgmYyqñaM². GRtaenHeFVIeGaykm<úCasßitenAeRkamcMnucedA 60° rbs;xøÜnEdl)ankMNt;sMrab; qñaM2005 dl;qñaM2015. rUb 2>7>1³ ninñakar nigcMnucedAsþIBIKMrbéRBeQIkm<úCa KitCaPaKryeFobnwgépÞdIRbeTs

RbPB³ RksYgksikmμ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT qñaM2003.

épÞdItMbn;karBarFmμCati nigtMbn;GPirkSéRBeQI RBHraCRkitümYyecjqñaM1993 )anbegáIteGaymanRbB½n§tMbn;karBarFmμCatibc©úb,nñ. épÞtMbn; karBarFm μCatiman 3273200 hikta cMENkÉépÞtMbn;GPirkSéRBeQIvijman 1346268 hicta. cMnYnGñkGPirkSenAkñúgtMbn;karBarFmμCati nigtMbn;GPirkSéRBeQI enAqñaM1998 manGñkGPirkScMnYn 75nak; ehIyenAqñaM2001 cMnYnGñkGPirkS)anekIneLIgrhUt dl; 600nak;. tYelxenHmin)anrab;bBa©ÚlGñkGPirkSRbmaNCa 50nak;eTot EdlGgÁkarGnþrCati)an CYleGaymkCYyGPirkStMbn;karBarFmμCati. cMeBaHGñkGPirkStMbn;GPirkSéRBeQIvijmancMnYn 500 nak; ehIycMnYnenHnwgRtUvrkSaTukrhUtdl;qñaM2015.

6 05 9

c Mn uc ed A n ig n in ñak ar

6 5

7 0

6 16 06 06 0

5 7

5 9

6 1

6 3

6 5

6 7

6 9

7 1

1 9 7 5 1 9 8 0 1 9 8 5 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 5 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 5 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 5

81

smamaRtLÚt_ensaT EdlRtUv)anRbKl;eTAeGayshKmn_mUldæan cab;taMgBIqñaM1998mk raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa)anRbKl;LÚt_ensaTGaCIvkm μcMnYn 56° eTAeGay shKmn_mUldæanvij. kMENTMrg;enHnwgeFVIeGaykm<úCaQaneTAsMerccMnucedArbs;xøÜn 60° kMNt;enA RtwmqñaM2010. cMnYnshKmn_ensaTmUldæan cab;taMgBIqñaM2001mk raCrdæaPi)albegáIt)anshKmn_ensaTcMnYn 264 ehIymanTisedA begáIncMnYnshKmn_ensaTenHeGay)an 589 enAqñaM2015. épÞTwktMbn;karBarEdlCaCMrkmcäaCati tamkar)a:n;sμanenAqñaM2000 épÞTwktMbn;karBarEdlCaCMrkmcäaCatiTwksab sMrab;GPirkS nig bgáat;BUCmancMnYn 264500hikta. RksYgksikmμ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT manTisedABRgIkbEnßmnUv épÞTwktMbn;GPirkS nigbgáat;BUCRtIenHeGay)an 580800hikta enAqñaM2015. GRtaRKYsarEdleRbIGusCafamBl enAkm<úCa RbCaCnCag 92° BwgEp¥keTAelIGusCaRbPBfamBlcMbg. raCrdæaPi)almanTis edAkat;bnßyGRtaRbCaCn EdlBwgEp¥kelIfamBlGusenHeGaymkenARtwmEt 52° enAqñaM2015. smamaRtRbCaCnCnbT nigTIRkug¼RbCMuCn EdlmanTwks¥ateRbIR)as; smamaRtRbCaCn EdlmanTwks¥ateRbIR)as;enAtMbn;TIRkug¼RbCMuCn manTMhMFMCagenAtMbn; CnbTcMnYnBIrdg. ninñakarenHeLIgx<s; TaMgenAkñúgtMbn;CnbT nigTIRkug¼RbCMuCn eTaHbICakm<úCaRtUv sMerccMnucedArbs;xøÜn 50° sMrab;tMbn;CnbT enAqñaM2015 k¾eday. sMrab;tMbn;TIRkug¼RbCMuCn km<úCa nwgsßitenAeRkamcMnucedAkMNt; 80° rbs;xøÜnRbEhlCa 10°. rUb 2>7>2³ Tinñn½y nigcMnucedAénsmamaRtRbCaCnmanTwks¥ateRbIR)as;enACnbT nigTIRkug¼RbCMuCn

24 25 27

6053 54

40

50

30

6874

80

20

40

60

80

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

cMNucedA

cMNucedARbCMuCn

CnbT

RbPB³ viC¢asßanCatisßiti qñaM2000/ RksYgEpnkar qñaM2000 nigGgÁkarsuxPaBBiPBelak¼GgÁkaryUnIeshV qñaM2001.

82

smamaRtRbCaCnCnbT nigTIRkug¼RbCMuCn EdlmanRbB½n§Gnam½yRbesIreLIg enAqñaM1998 RbCaCnCnbTcMnYn 8/6° nigRbCaCnTIRkug¼RbCMuCncMnYn 49° manRbB½n§ Gnam½yRbesIreLIg. taMgBIqñaMenaHmk cMnYnRbCaCnEdlmanesvaGnam½yeRbIR)as; TaMgenAkñúgtMbn; CnbT nigTIRkug¼RbCMuCn )anekIneLIgkñúgel,ÓnmYyEdlGacQaneTAsMerccMnucedA KGsk enAqñaM 2015. tamkar)a:n;s μanEp¥kelIGRtaenH )aneGaydwgfaRbCaCnTIRkug¼RbCMuCncMnYn 100° nig RbCaCnCnbTcMnYn 55° nwgmanRbB½n§Gnam½yRbesIreLIg elIsBIcMnucedA 74° nig 30° kMNt;Rtwm qñaM2015. rUb 2>7>3³ Tinñn½y nigcMnucedAénPaKryRbCaCnCnbT nigTIRkug¼RbCMuCn EdlmanRbB½n§Gnam½y

RbesIreLIg

148.6 10

605849

3020

12

59

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515253545556575

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

cMNucedA

cMNucedA

RbCMuCn

CnbT

RbPB³ viC¢asßanCatisßiti qñaM2000/ RksYgEpnkar qñaM2000 nigGgÁkarsuxPaBBiPBelak¼GgÁkaryUnIeshV qñaM2001.

GRtaénRbCaCnmanb½NÑkm μsiTiædIFøITUTaMgRbeTs TaMgTIRkug nigCnbT enAqñaM2000 RbCaCnTUTaMgRbeTs TaMgTIRkug nigCnbT manb½NÑkmμsiTiædIFøIEt 15° b:ueNÑaH. tamEpnkar)a:n;sμanrbs;KMeragerobcMEdndI nigrdæ)aldIFIø (LMAP) )ankMNt;cMnucedAfaenAqñaM2015 RbCaCnTUTaMgRbeTs TaMgTIRkug nigCnbTcMnYn 65° nwgmanb½NÑkm μsiTiædIFøI. 2>7>3 eKalneya)ay nigkmμviFIsMxan;²naeBlbc©úb,nñ EdlrYmcMENkdl; KGsk7 edIm,ITb;sáat;kMueGaymankar)at;bg;éRBeQI dUckñúgry³eBlb:unμanqñaMknøgeTAfμI²enH rdæsPa)an Gnum½tc,ab;éRBeQI kalBIéf¶TI30 Exkkáda qñaM2002. edIm,IeGaymancIrPaBbrisßan nigéRBeQI RksYgksikm μ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT )anecjRbkaselx 540 ksk enAExFñÚ qñaM2002 sþIGMBIkar bBaÄb;ral;skm μPaBéRBsm,Tan. Rkbx½NÐsßab½nc,as;las;mYy sMrab;tMbn;karBarFm μCatiRtUv)anbegáIteLIg eday)anbBa©Úl tYnaTIrbs;RksYgbrisßan ¬naykdæanGPirkS nigkarBarFmμCati nigmnÞIrbrisßanextþ¼Rkug¦ RksYgksikm μ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT ¬naykdæanClpl naykdæanrukçaRbmaj; nigmnÞIrksikmμ rukçaRbmaj; nigensaT extþ¼Rkug¦ nigrdæGMNacextþ¼Rkug nigRsuk.

83

eKalneya)ayfamBlrbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCaKWsMedA³ ¬1¦pÁt;pÁg;famBleGay)anRKb;RKan; enATUTaMgRbeTs ¬2¦FanaeGay)annUvkarpÁt;pÁg;crnþGKÁisnIRKb;RKan;tamtMrUvkar ¬3¦CMrujeGayman karrukrk nigRsavRCavnUvRbPBFnFanfamBl tammeFüa)aymYyEdleFVIeGaymancIrPaBbrisßan nig bMeBj)annUvtMrUvkarsgÁm nig ¬4¦CMrujkareRbIR)as;famBleGaymanRbsiT§PaB nigkat;bnßypl b:HBal;brisßan EdlbNþalmkBIkareRbIR)as;FnFanfamBlTaMgenaH.

eKalneya)aydIFøIrbs;raCrdæaPi)alsMedA³ ¬k¦BRgwgsuvtßiPaBénkarkan;kab;dIFIø edImI,begáIn RbsiT§PaB nigTMnukcitþelITIpSardI nigrkSaPaBsuxdumkñúgsgÁmedaykarTubsáat;Camun b¤karedaHRsay TMnas;dIFIø ¬x¦FanakareRbIR)as;dI nigFnFanFmμCatiRbkbedayRbsiTæPaB edIm,IKaMRTdl;karGPivDÆn_ esdækic© sgÁmkic© edaynirnþrPaB nigsmFm’ nig ¬K¦CMuruj[mankarEbgEckdIedaysmFm’. cMnucedA KGs manPaBsIusgVak;KñaCamYynwgyuT§sa®sþpÁt;pÁg;Twk nigGnam½yCnbT Edlfμ I²enH RtUv)anGnum½tenAkñúgsm½yRbCuMKN³rdæm®nþIkalBI ExkumÖ³ qñaM2003 knøgeTAenH. yuT§sa®sþpÁt;pÁg;Twk nigGnam½yCnbT sMrab;TsSn³vis½yry³eBl 25qñaM ¬BIqñaM2000 dl;qñaM2025¦ )anEcgfa {mnusS RKb;rUbenAkñúgshKmn_CnbT RtUvTTYl)anesvapÁt;pÁg;Twks¥at nigGnam½yCaRbcaM ehIyrs;enAkñúg brisßanEdlmanGnam½yl¥enARtwmqñaM2025 :. meFüa)ayedIm,IsMerc)anTsSn³visy½enHRtUv)ankMNt; edayRkumkargarTwks¥at nigGnam½y rbs;RksYgsMxan;² EdlmanRksYgGPivDÆn_CnbTCaGñkdwknaM. 2>7>4 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² cMeBaHkarsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk7

kñúgry³eBlmYyTsvtSr_xagmuxenH km<úCaRtUvedaHRsaybBaðaRbQmsMxan;²mYycMnYn edIm,I FanaeGaymancIrPaBFnFanFmμCatibrisßan. bBaðaRbQmsMxan;²TaMgenaHKW³

− CMrujeGayshKmn_cUlrYmkan;EteRcIn kñúgkarRKb;RKgFnFanFmμCati edaypþl;nUvrgVan;elIk Twkcitþdl;kareRbIR)as;FnFanFmμCati tammeFüa)aymYyEdlmancIrPaB. yuT§viFIécñRbDit KWCatMrUvkarcaM)ac;edIm,ICMrujeGaymantulüPaB rvagkareFVIGaCIvkm μelIFnFanFmμCati nigkar GPirkS. elIsBIenHeTot RtUvCMrujeGaymantmøaPaB nigkarTTYlxusRtUvx<s;elIkarRKb;RKg FnFanFm μCati CaBiessenAmUldæan.

− BRgwgkarRKb;RKgdIrdæ edayeFVIsmahrNkmμkareFVIGtþsBaØaNkm μ karksagEpnTI nigkareFVI cMNat;fñak;dIrdæ edIm,IcuHbBa¢IsareBIP½NÐdIrdæ. TaMgkarkarBar kareFIVGaCIvkm μ nigkarpþl; sm,Tan CYl b¤epÞrdIrdæ sMrab;karGPivDÆn_esdækic© sgÁmkic© nwgCYbkarlM)ak ehIynaM[ xUcxatbrisßanF¶n;F¶r RbsinebIdIrdæRKb;RKgmin)anl¥. edaymankarKaMRTBIbNþaRbeTspþl; CMnYy raCrdæaPi)alnwgCMruj[manbTdæanKtiyutþi edIm,IFanadl;karRKb;RKgRTBürdæ edaytmøa PaB RbsiT§PaB nigkarTTYlxusRtUv.

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− begáInkarvinieyaKTaMgEpñksaFarN³ nigÉkCn elIkarpÁt;pÁg;Twks¥at nigGnam½y nigkarplit nigEbgEckRbPBfamBl. tamkar)a:n;sμanrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak )aneGaydwgfaedIm,IsMerc KGs TunvinieyaKelIkarpÁt;pÁg;Twk nigGnam½yRtUvmanTwkR)ak;rhUtdl; 600landuløa sMrab; ry³eBlBI\LÚvenHrhUtdl;qñaM2015.

− edaHRsaybBaðafamBlCMnYs eq<aHeTAeRbIR)as;RbPBfamBlEdlminb:HBal;dl;brisßaneGay )ankan;EteRcIn. kgVHkarvinieyaKelIfamBlEdlGackekItmanCaf μ I )anCMrujeGayRbCaCn CnbT BwgEp¥kesÞIrEtTaMgRsugeTAelIGus edIm,IbMeBjtMrUvkarfamBlrbs;BYkeK. bBaðaRbQm EdlRtUvedaHRsay KWbegáIteGaymanbriyakasGnueRKaHdl;karvinieyaKelIkarplit nigkar EbgEckCMerIsénRbPBfamBl EdlGacmanlT§PaBTTYlykenAtMbn;CnbT. enAeBledaH RsaybBaðaTaMgenH)an raCrdæaPi)alk¾Gackat;bnßykarBwgEp¥keTAelI\n§n³naMcUl)anEdr.

− FanaeGaymankarshkarrvagsßab½nraCrdæaPi)al nigshKmn_GnþrCati. mankarEbgEck Parkic©TTYlxusRtUvCan;Kña enAkñúgRbB½n§RKb;RKgénRksYgmYycMnYn EdlnaMeGaymanvivaTenAkñúg cMeNamGaCJaFrTTYlxusRtUvepSg². bBaðaRbQmEdlraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCaRtUvedaHRsay KWRtUv BinitüemIltYnaTI nigkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;sßab½nraCrdæaPi)alTaMgenaHeLIgvij edIm,IelIkkMBs; RbsiT§PaBkñúgkmμviFI nigeKalneya)aybrisßan. raCrdæaPi)alRtUvbBa¢ak;eGay)anc,as;las; GMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;RksYgBak;B½n§ elIkarGPivDÆn_CnbT nigTIRkug¼RbCMuCn nigbegáIn kic©shkarKña³ ¬1¦kñúgcMeNamsßab½nraCrdæaPi)al ¬2¦rvagraCrdæaPi)al nigm©as;CMnYy nig ¬3¦kñúgcMeNamm©as;CMnYy.

− kat;bnßyGRtakMeNInRbCaCn edIm,Ikat;bnßysm<aFelIFnFanFm μCatibNþalmkBImantMrUvkar kan;EteRcIncMeBaHGus pÞHsMEbg Twk nigGnam½y nigdIFøI. bBaðaRbQm EdlraCrdæaPi)alRtUv edaHRsay KWerobcMeGaymaneKalneya)aysþIBIEpnkarRKYsar EdlmanRbsiT§PaB edIm,Ikat; bnßyGRtakMeNInRbCaCn.

− begáInsmtßPaBbec©keTsdl;raCrdæaPi)al nigbegáItsßab½nTTYlxusRtUvEpñkRKb;RKgbrisßan nigkareRbIR)as;dIFøI. kgVHsmtßPaBbec©keTs eFVIeGaybBaðabrisßan mansPaBkan;EtF¶n;F¶r EfmeTotKitcab;BIkarerobcMdIFøI rhUtdl;karRKb;RKgCIv³cMruH nigéRBeQI nigbgááeGaymanPaB sμ úRKsμajdl;karbegáItsßab½n sMrab;edaHRsaybBaðaBhuvis½yTaMgenH.

− BRgwgkarRbtibtiþc,ab;[)ansmRsb edaybM)at;\T§iBlepSg² bM)at;kic©GPivDÆn_edayxVHkar RtYtBinitü nigRkumGñkmanGMNachriBaØvtßú. bBaðaRbQmEdlRtUvedaHRsay KWkarFana[man

85

karGnuvtþn_c,ab;tamry³karEkTRmg;vis½ytulakar eyaFa nigb:UlIs edIm,IFana[)annUvtmøa PaBeKalneya)aysaFarN³ karRbqaMgGMeBIBukrlYy nigTTYlxusRtUvx<s;rbs;mRnþIdwknaM.

− eFVIy:agNaeGaymankarGnuvtþn_yuT§sa®sþ nigeGayGñkneya)ayeFVItamkarsnüarbs;xøÜn. EpnkaryuT§sa®sþCaeRcIn minRtUv)anykeTAGnuvtþedaysarraCrdæaPi)alxVHFnFanhirBaØvtßú.

2>7>5 Rkbx½NÐkargar edIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedA KGsk7 mankaryl;RsbKñafaFnFanFmμCatiGacrYmcMENkya:gsMxan; kñúgkarGPivDÆn_RbeTs nigCYy dl;karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk karGPivDÆn_CnbT nigkarbegáInkargar RbsinebIFnFanTaMgenaHRtUv)an RKb;RKgeGay)anRtwmRtUv. TisedAyuT§sa®sþmanbgðajdUcxageRkam³

− EklMGRbB½n§RKb;RKgFnFanFmμCati eGaymantmøaPaB nigGacBüakrN_GMBIFnFanFmμCati ¬CaBiesséRBeQI Twk nigstVéRB¦ edayqøúHbBa©aMgnUvPaBkRm nigtMélBit énFnFanTaMgenaH.

− BRgwgsmtßPaBdl;sßab½n kñúgkarGnuvtþn_GnusBaØasþIBICIv³cMruH rYmTaMgkarxitxMRbwgERbg edIm,I BRgwgkarerobcM nigkarRKb;RKgtMbn;karBarFmμCatipg.

− GnuvtþtambTdæan EpñkTwk nigGnam½y ¬WATSAN¦. − BRgwgkartamdankarGnuvtþn_c,ab; nigyuT§sa®sþTak;TgnwgFnFanFm μCati. − BRgwgkarshkarRKb;RKg elIkareRbIR)as;FnFan\n§n³eGaymancIrPaB. − erobcMeGaymankarsikSavaytMél EpñkbrisßantamEbbcUlrYmeGay)anhμt;ct; eTAelIKMerag

varIGKÁisnI enAkñúgtMbn;karBarFm μCati. − erobcMeGaymanRkbx½NÐc,ab; rdæ)al nigbec©keTs edIm,IbegáInsuvtßiPaBkmμsiTi§dIFøI CaBiess

sMrab;bgb¥ÚnCnCatiPaKticenAtMbn;x<g;rab. − erobcMeGaymanyuT§nakarpSBVpSayBt’man karGb;rM nigkarR)aRs½yTak;TgCamYyRbCaCn

CaBiess®sþI edIm,IeGayBYkeKmankaryl;dwgGMBIsiTi§kan;kab;dIFøIrbs;BYkeK. − CMrujeGaymanmuxrbrciBa©wmCIvitcMruHsMrab;shKmn_ Edlrs;enACittMbn;karBarFmμCati edIm,I

kat;bnßykarBwgEp¥keTAelIFnFanéRBeQI. − elIkTwkcitþEpñkÉkCn eGayeFVIkarvinieyaKelIvis½yfamBl Twk nigRKb;RKgGaCIvkm μéRBeQI

edaybegáIteGaymanbriyakasl¥ rYmmantmøaPaB smFm’ nigkarGnuvtþn_c,ab; lT§PaBTTYl )an\NTan karksagsmtßPaB nigkarcUlrYmrbs;shKmn_ bnßynUv]bsKÁraraMgnana nigEbg EckeGay)anc,as;BItYnaTIrbs;bNþaRksYgBak;B½n§ edIm,Ikat;bnßyPaBminc,as;las; rvagbBaða CnbT nigbBaðaTIRkug¼RbCMuCn.

− CMrujEpñk]sSahkm μ edaybegáInkarEkécñelIsMPar³EdleRbIR)as;rYc. − elIkkMBs;kic©shkarl¥rvag sßab½nraCrdæaPi)al nigm©as;CMnYy.

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2>7>6 PaBxusKñatamtMbn;kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk7 rUb 2>7>4 bgðajBIkarEbgEcktamtMbn;énsUcnakr KGsk7 tamextþ¼Rkug. tMélnImYy² tMNageGaysnÞsSn_manTMgn;mFümes μIKña (equally weighted index) énsUcnakrEdlmanTinñn½yTaMg Gs;rbs; KGsk7. snÞsSn_rYmTaMgenaHbgðajnUvrUbPaBEbgEcknUvsßanPaBrbs;RbeTs Tak;TgeTA nwgcIrPaBbrisßan. lT§plTaMgenHGnuBaØati[eyIg eFVIkarEbgEckextþ¼RkugCabIlMdab;fñak;. extþ¼Rkug EdlmanBN’ébtg Caextþ¼RkugEdlmanlT§PaBRbesIrCageK kñúgkarQaneTAsMerccMNucedA. extþ¼ RkugEdlmanBN’elOg Caextþ¼RkugEdlmanlT§PaBmFüm ehIyextþ¼RkugEdlmanBN’Rkhmman lT§PaBexSayCageK kñúgkarQaneTAsMerccMNucedAenAqñaM2015. bNþaextþ¼RkugEdlGn;CageKman BN’Rkhm KWeRcInEtsßitenAPaKxageCIg nigEpñkkNþalénPaKxagt,ÚgénRbeTs. rUb 2>7>4³ snÞsSn_rYmén KGsk7 tamextþ¼Rkug

sMKal;³ snÞsSn_rbs; KGsk7 KWCamFümPaKEdlmanTMgn;esμ IKña eTAtamlMdab;extþnImYy² elIGefrénsUcnakr4 rbs; KGsk7.

87


elx kUd

extþ¼Rkug sUcnakr 7>12¼7>13

sUcnakr 7>10¼7>11

karekIneLIgb¤fycuHénKMrb éRBeQIBIqñaM1993-97

sUcnakr 7>9

KGsk7

12 PMñeBj 1/000 1/000 1/000 0/955 0/98920 sVayerog 0/101 0/689 0/923 0/155 0/46714 éRBEvg 0/053 0/773 0/897 0/111 0/45924 éb:lin 0/059 0/190 Kμan 1/000 0/41608 kNþal 0/174 0/480 0/949 0/033 0/40918 RkugRBHsIhnu 0/284 0/168 0/538 0/513 0/37610 RkecH 0/179 0/377 0/872 0/054 0/37009 ekaHkug 0/176 0/434 0/333 0/459 0/35123 RkugEkb 0/132 0/259 0/974 0/036 0/35003 kMBg;cam 0/139 0/244 0/949 0/029 0/34002 )at;dMbg 0/209 0/189 0/821 0/135 0/33804 kMBg;qñaMg 0/053 0/218 0/923 0/045 0/31015 eBaF×sat; 0/099 0/102 0/897 0/060 0/29011 mNÐlKirI 0/066 0/072 0/846 0/014 0/25019 swÞgERtg 0/031 0/156 0/718 0/066 0/24307 kMBt 0/088 0/112 0/641 0/085 0/23106 kMBg;FM 0/174 0/010 0/692 0/048 0/23113 RBHvihar 0/031 0/113 0/769 0/000 0/22805 kMBg;sW< 0/037 0/281 0/333 0/029 0/17017 esomrab 0/029 0/080 0/513 0/040 0/16521 taEkv 0/051 0/155 0/231 0/038 0/11916 rtnKirI 0/024 0/024 0/385 0/038 0/11701 bnÞaymanC½y 0/115 0/189 0/026 0/104 0/10822 ]tþrmanC½y 0/000 0/000 0/000 0/017 0/004

RbPB³ naykdæanrukçaRbmaj; qñaM2003 RksYgEpnkar qñaM1998 RksYgEpnkar¼RksYgsuxaPi)al qñaM2001 RksYgGPivDÆn_CnbT qñaM2003.

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2>8 eKaledATI8³ begIátPaBCaédKUCasklsMrab;kic©GPivDÆn_ KGs812 tMNag[karTTYlxusRtUvrYmsMrab;begáInPaBCaédKU rvagbNþaRbeTseCOnelOn nigRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_. eKaledAenHTak;TgnwgbNþaskmμPaBnana EdlrYmmanEpñkCMnYyGPivDÆn_eTA dl;EpñkbMNul BIEpñkBaNiC¢kmμGnþrCati nighirBaØØvtßúeTAdl;PaBmankargareFIV BIkarTTYl)anbec©kviTüa fI μ²eTAEpñkkm μsiT§ibBaØa. tarag 2>8>1³ cMnucedA nigsUcnakr Caskl

cMNucedArYm sUcnakr 17> begIátEfmeTotkarebIkcMhRbB½næBaNiC©km μ nighirBaØvtßú RbkbedaymUldæanc,ab;Gac)a:n;s μan)an nigminmankarerIs eGIgedayrYmman karebþCJa[manGPi)alkic©l¥ kic©GPivDÆn_ nigkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRkTaMgfñak;Cati nigGnþrCati

CMnYyGPivDÆn_pøÚvkar (ODA)

8>1 ODA suTæ CaPaKryénkic©GPivDÆn_ nig shRbtibtþikar ¬DAC¦ cMnUlCatisrub (GNI) rbs; m©as;CMnYy [cMNucedAsrub 0>7° nig 0>5° sMrab; RbeTsRkIRkbMput (LDC)] 8>2 smamaRtén ODA eFobCamYyesvasgÁmCa mUldæan ¬karGb;rMmUldæan karEfTaMsuxPaBbzm GaharUbtßmÖ Twks¥at nigGnam½y¦

18> kMNt;BItMrUvkarBiessrbs; LDCs rYmmankarrYcBnæelI TMnijnaMecjb¤naMcUl nigkUtadl;karnaMecjrbs; LDC CMruj km μviFIsMralbMNuldl;bNþaRbeTsRkIRkCMBak;bMNulF¶n;F¶r ¬HIPC¦ nigkarTukCaemaX³nUvbMNuleTVPaKIpøÜvkardl;bNþa RbeTsEdlebþCJakñúgkarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk

8>3 smamaRtén ODA \tsMNg 8>4 smamaRtén ODA sMrab;EpñkbrisßanenAkñúgbNþa rdæEdndIekaHtUc² 8>5 smamaRtén ODA sMrab;EpñkdwkCBa¢ÚnenAkñúg bNþaRbeTsminCab;smuRT karTTYl)anTIpSar 8>6 smamaRténkarnaMecj ¬KitCatMélminbBa©Úl GavuF¦ edaykarrYcBnæ nigkUta 8>7 kMritCamFümBnæelITMnijnaMecjb¤naMcUl nigkUtaelI plitplksikm μ nigvaynP½NÐ nigsMelokbMBak;

19> kMNt;tMrUvkarBiessrbs;bNþaRbeTsminCab;smuRT nig bNþardæEdnekaHtUc² ¬tamry³kmμviFI Barbados nigbT bBaØtþirbs;mhasnñi)atshRbCaCatielIkTI 22¦

8>8 ]btßmÖFnenAkñúgRsuk nigkarnaMecjplitpl ksikm μenAkñúgbNþaRbeTsénGgÁkarshRbtibtþikar esdækic© nigGPivDÆn_ (OECD) 8>9 smamaRtén ODA Edlpþl;[edIm,ICYybegIán smtßPaBBaNiC¢km μ

20> edaHRsaybBaðabMNulénRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ tamry³ viFankarCati nigGnþrCatinana edIm,IeFVI[bMNulmancIrPaB kñúgry³eBlEvg

cIrPaBbMNul8>10 smamaRténbMNuleTVPaKIpøÚvkarrbs; HIPC Edl )anlubecal 8>11 esvabMNulCaPaKryénkarnaMecjTMnij nig

12 kareFVImUldæanIykmμ KGs8 eTACa KGsk8 nwgRtUvbBa©b;enAeBlxagmuxedayRkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_km<úCa.

89

esvakmμ8>12 smamaRtén ODA Edl)anpþl;[CakarsMral bMNul 8>13 cMnYnRbeTsEdlTTYl)ankarsMerccitþCa HIPC nigkarbMeBjl½kçx½NÐnana

21> shkarCamYybNþaRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_edIm,IbegáIt nig GnuvtþyuTæsaRsþsMrab;kargarsmrmü nigRbkbedayplitPaB sMrab;yuvCn

8>14 GRtaGt;kargareFVIénGñkEdlmanGayu 15-24qñaM

22> shkarCamYyRkumh‘un»sfedIm,Ipþl;lTæPaBGacTTYl )an»sfsarvn½þenAkñúgbNþaRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_

8>15 smamaRtRbCaCnGacTTYl)an»sfsarvn½þQr elImUldæanRbkbedaycIrPaB

23> shkarCamYyEpñkÉkCnedIm,IeFIV[manGtßRbeyaCn_én bec©kviTüafμ I² CaBiessEpñkBt’man nigTUrKmnaKmn_

8>16 cMnYnExSTUrs½BÞkñúgmnusS 1000 nak; 8>17 cMnYnkMuBüÚT½rpÞal;xøÚnkñúgmnusS 1000nak; sUcnakr déTeTotnwgRtUvbegáIteLIg

r)aykarN_min)anpþl;cMnucedAsUcnakr nigRkbx½NÐviPaKsuuICMerA EdlRtUveFVImUldæanIykm μén eKaledAenHeT. karenHminRtUvbkRsayRcLM ehIyminRtUvyl;faCakarBüayameFIV[exSaydl; Bt’manenAkñúgeKaledAenHeT edaysarvamann½ypÞúyBIenH. EpñksMxan;én KGs8 sþIBI KGs rYmRtUv )anTTYlsÁal;TUlMTUlay. dUecñHTamTar[mankarrYmbBa©Úlya:gTUlMTUlay nigkarBieRKaHeyabl;kñúg cMeNamkarGPivDÆn_TaMgGs;enAkm<úCa. b:uEnþTMhMénkarBieRKaHeyabl; nigry³eBléndMeNIrkarenHRtUv kareBlevlabEnßmeTotkñúgkareFIVÉksarbc©úb,nñenH. kñúgn½yenH RkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_km<úCakMBugdMeNIr kareFIVkarvaytMélTUlMTUlayén KGs8 EdlnwgRtUvbBa©b;kñúgb:una μnExxagmux. eKalbMNg KWbegáIt[ mankaryl;KñaeTAvijeTAmkelIkarTTYlxusRtUv rvagraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa nigédKUGPivDÆn_rbs;xøÜn. man bBaðabIEdlTak;TgCaBiessnwgbribTkm<úCadUcCa CMnYyGPivDÆn_pøÚvkar (ODA) lT§PaBrkTIpSar¼ BaNiC¢km μ nigbMNul. CMnYyGPivDÆn_pøÚvkar (ODA)

CMnYyGPivDÆn_pøÚvkarmansar³sMxan;enARbeTskm<úCa edaysarCMnYyGPivDÆn_pøÚvkartMNag[ smamaRtd¾FMmYyénFnFanhirBaØvtßúsaFarN³ ¬kñúgqñaM2001 cMNUlrdæaPi)alTaMgmUlticCag 400 landuløaGaemrik kñúgxN³EdlkarbeBa©jR)ak; rbs;CMnYyGPivDÆn_pøÚvkarmaneRcInCag 470lan duløaGaemrik¦. karFana[)anR)akdfa FnFanCMnYyGPivDÆn_pøÚvkarRtUv)aneRbIR)as;kñúglkçN³man RbsiT§PaB nigmankarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaH KGs mansar³sMxan;bMput. edIm,IsMerceKaledAenH[)an GaCJaFrnana)anbegIátRbB½n§RKb;RKg nigynþkarsßab½n edIm,ICYysMrbsMrYl nigRKb;RKgCMnYytamry³ RkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_km<úCa. raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCaTTYlsÁal;fa manKMlatxøaMgxagsmtßPaBenAkñúgrcnasm<½n§rdæ)alrbs;xøÜn sMrab;Tak;TgCamYYym©as;CMnYy BIeRBaHrcnasm<½n§nimYy²manc,ab;TMlab; nigEbbbTerogxøÜn EdlCabnÞúk

90

d¾FMmYy. dMeNaHRsaymYyRtUv)anesñIeLIgeday OECD/DAC sMrab;édKUGPivDÆn_ breTsrbs;km<úCa edIm,Iyl;RBm[ma©s;CMnYyCaGñkdwknaMelIEpñknimYy². RbeTskm<úCak¾sMNUmBrpgEdrfa edIm,ICMruj[ manPaBsIucgVak;KñaelIbBaðanana OECD/DAC KYrEtBinitüemIllT§PaBTaMgLay kñúgkarbegáItGnuRkum EdlmansmaCiknanacUlrYm edayepþatelItMbn;Cak;lak;NamYykñúgBiPBelak. viFIsaRsþEbbenHGac [ma©s;CMnYy nigRbeTsTTYlCMnYyenAkñúgtMbn;nimYy² rYmKñabegáItnUvdMeNaHRsayrYm EdlTTYlsÁal; karlM)ak nigkalanuvtþPaBnana enAkñúgbNþaRbeTsTaMgLayenAkñúgtMbn;nimYy².

eTaHbICamankareFVIeGayRbesIreLIg k¾sßanPaBbc©úb,nñ KWsßitkñúglkçN³mYyEdlsmamaRt mYyPaKFMén ODA RtUv)aneFIVEpnkar nigpþl;CUnedayK μankarBieRKaH nig¼b¤karcUlrYmBIsßab½nnana rbs;raCrdæaPi)al. sßanPaBenH)anbNþal[manPaBCam©as;mineBjeljrbs;raCrdæaPi)al elIKMerag CaeRcIn kic©RbwgERbg {dac;BIKña} nigkarsMrbsMrYlminRKb;RKan;edayPñak;garpþl;CMnYy elIbBaðatamvis½y nigkarksagsßab½n karrIkdalénviFIlT§kmμdac;²Kña karbeBa©jR)ak; kareFIVsvnkm μ nigEbbbTtamdan xus²KñakñúgcMeNamPñak;garTaMgLay. kñúgxN³EdlRbsiT§PaBénCMnYy nigkarrYmviPaKTanrbs;CMnYydl;kic©GPivDÆn_Cati RtUv)anrg eRKaHedaysarktþadUc)anelIkeLIgxagelI manPaBeCOnelOnfIμ²mYycMnYn EdlnaM[mansuTidæiniym. Pñak;garRbB½n§GgÁkarshRbCaCatienAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa )anbegIáteLIgnUvRkbx½NÐCMnYyGPivDÆn_GgÁkar shRbCaCati kñúgeKalbMNgeFIV[manPaBsIusgVak;KñaEfmeTot cMeBaHkm μviFInanarbs;GgÁkarshRbCa Cati. CaTUeTAshKmn_GnþrCati)anbegáItRkumkargar enAtamvis½ynimYy² edIm,I sMrbsMrYl vaytMél nigtamdankarGnuvtþn_kmμviFICMnYyenARbeTskm<úCa. enAkñúgkic©RbCMuRkumBieRKaHeyabl;elIkTI6 )an RbRBwtiþeTAenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa kñúgExmifuna qñaM2002 sMeNImYyrbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa edIm,IbegIát RkumkargarPaBCaédKUrvagraCrdæaPi)al nigm©as;CMnYyRtUv)anyl;RBmedaymtiPaKeRcInelIslub ehIyRkumkargarenH)anRtUv begIáteLIgCapøÚvkar enAkñúgExsIha qñaM2002. enAkñúgvis½yGb;rM nig suxaPi)al raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa)anTTYleCaKC½y kñúgkarksagPaBCaédKU edIm,IGnuvtþkareFIVEpnkar nig km μviFIrYmKña EdlnaMeTAdl;karsMerc)annUvEpnkaryuT§saRsþGb;rMkmμviFIKaMRTvis½yGb;rM nigEpnkar yuT§saRsþsMrab;vis½ysuxaPi)al. mantMrUvkareGaymankic©RbwgERbg nigRtUvbegIátynþkarsmRsbEfm eTotedIm,I³ ¬1¦vaytémøkñúglkçN³CaRbB½n§nUv kmøaMgeRbobeFobrbs;édKUGPivDÆn_ nig ¬2¦Fana[ )annUvPaBsIusgVak;Kñarvagm©as;CMnYy EdlcUlrYmkñúgkic©sMruHsMrYlPaBCaédKU eRkamviFIsaRsþtamEpñk d¾TMlMTUlay ¬SWAP¦ nigGñkEdlmanbMNgbnþGnuvtþCMnYy edayEp¥kelIKMeragCMnYymUldæan ¬3¦sMrYl nigeFIV[RsbKñanUvviFankar nignItiviFIépÞkñúg nigEbbbTrbs;Pñak;garCaeRcIn nigeFIV[sIusgVak; KñanUvPaBepSg²KñadéTeToténkarksagsmtßPaBrbs;m©as;CMnYy.

91

bec©kviTüa KmnaKmn_ Bt’manviTüa Information Communication Technology (ICT)

vis½ybec©kviTüa KmnaKmn_ Bt’manviTüa man\T§iBlelIRKb;vis½y nigedIrtYnaTIy:agsMxan;kñúg kic©GPivDÆn_RbeTskm<úCa. edayTTYlsÁal;nUvsar³sMxan;enH raCrdæaPi)al)anbegáIteLIgnUvGaCJaFr CatiTTYlbnÞúkkic©karGPivDÆn_bec©kviTüa KmnaKmn_ Bt’manviTüa (NiDA) edaymannaykrdæmRnþICa RbFan. karbegáIteLIgnUvGaCJaFrenH nigmannaykrdæmRnþIeFVICaRbFan bgðaj[eXIjfa raCrdæaPi)al )anGnum½tykvis½ybec©kviTüa KmnaKmn_ Bt’manviTüa Carebobvar³énkic©GPivDÆn_rbs;xøÜn.

edayyl;eXIjfavis½y ICT man\T§iBldl;karGPivDÆn_RKb;vis½yTaMgGs; nigmansar³sMxan; sMrab;karGPivDÆn_RbeTskm<úCa raCrdæaPi)al)andak;[eRbIR)as;vis½y ICT CakMlaMgclkrd¾FMmhima CYyrujRcankarGPivDÆn_edayK μankarraErk. dUecñH ICT k¾CabBaðad¾sMxan;mYyeTotEdlnwgRtUv)aneRbI R)as;Ca]bkrN_CYyCMruj[manPaBsIusgVak;Kña nigGnþrRbtibtþikar. raCrdæaPi)al)an nigkMBugRbkan;yknUvCMhrd¾rwgmaM\tsÞak;esÞIr GnuvtþnUvKMeragRbB½n§rdæ)al Bt’manviTüa eRkayBI)ansikSaeTAelIKMeragxagelIenH EdlGnuvtþenARbeTsmYycMnYnenAkñúgtMbn;. KMeragRbB½n§rdæ)alBt’manviTüaenHrYmman Application bIeTotdUcCa karcuHbBa¢IGñksñak;enA karcuHbBaI¢ yanynþ nigkarcuHbBa¢IdIFøI. GaRs½yehtuenH raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa)anqøgkat;dMNak;kalsakl,g nig kat;bnßyeBlevlaRbmaNCa 15qñaM kñúgdMeNIrkarenH. karbnþpþl;CMnYy KWedIm,IBRgIkRbB½n§Edlman sBVéf¶ nigedIm,IBRgwgsmtßPaBrbs;eyIg[kan;EtmankMritx<s;.

KMeragRbB½n§rdæ)alBt’manviTüaKWCaKMeragsgÁmkic©cMbg ehIyKYrEtmannirnþrPaB. RbB½n§enHKWCa KMeragem b¤CakmμviFIrYmsMrab; Application epSg²eTotEdlnwgRtUvdak;bBa©ÚlKñanaeBlGnaKt. dUecñHva KYrEtRtUv)anbegáIteLIgCaRbB½n§manlkçN³ebIkcMh edIm,IFana[manPaBsIusgVak; nigGnþrRbtibtþikar sMrab;GñkbegáItRbB½n§ b¤GaRs½yeTAelItMrUvkar. CagenHeTAeTot raCrdæaPi)al)annigkMBugGnuvtþKMerag déTeTotdUcCa karebIkR)ak;ebovtSr_CUnmRnþIraCkarsIuviltamRbB½n§Bt’manviTüa kareFIVCMerOnsßiti RbB½n§ bg;R)ak;eGLicRtUnic karkat;rMsaykgT½B RbB½n§cuHbBa©I nigRbB½n§RKb;RKgFnFanmnusS.

TnÞwmnwgenH raCrdæaPi)al)anykcitþTukdak;bEnßmeTot kñúgkarCMruj[mankarGnuvtþn_ nigkar GPivDÆn_KMeragRbB½n§rdæ)alBt’manviTüa [)ancMhTUlMTUlayelIRKb;vis½yCabeNþIr²dUcCa karRKb;RKg nUvvis½ymYycMnYntameGLicRtUnicCaGaT× vis½yeTscrN_ BaNiC¢km μ Kynigrdæakr kargareRbgkat nigkargarGas‘anCaedIm edIm,IerobcMmUldæanRKwHénsmtßPaBrbs;xøÜn sMrab;EsVgrkédKUekorKrCMnYyBI shKmn_GnþrCati nigbNþaRbeTsCamitþelIsklelak. KMeragTaMgenH)anrYmcMENkya:gFMdl;kic© xitxMRbwgERbgrbs;eyIg kñúgkareFVI[kargarrdæaPi)alkan;EtRbesIreLIg nigenAkñúgkareRbIR)as;FnFan EdlmankMritrbs;eyIgsMrab;karGPivDÆn_.

92

PaBCaédKU edIm,InirnþPaBénkarGPivDÆn_enAkm<úCa RbeTsCaeRcInkñúgBiPBelak CaBiessRbeTsEdlmankarGPivDÆn_Tab )anTTYlnUvkarrgeRKaH

d¾F¶n;F¶redaysars®gÁamRtCak; . RbeTskm<úCa EdlCaRbeTsmYykñúgbNþaRbeTsrgeRKaH )anqøgkat; Pñk;ePøIgs®gÁamraMuér: CaehtueFVI[ehdæarcnasm<½n§RKb;vis½yRtUv)anbMpøaj FnFanmnusSrab;lannak;RtUv )an)at;bg; nigeFVI[)at;bg;»kassMrab;km<úCakñúgkarGPivDÆn_RbeTs. KMlatrvagRbeTsEdlmankar GPivDÆn_x<s; nigRbeTsEdlmankarGPivDÆn_Tab kan;EtmanTMhMFMeLIg CaehtueFVI[mankugsg;s‘Us TUTaMgBiPBelakfa RbeTsEdlmankarGPivDÆn_x<s; mankrNIykic©caM)ac;RtUvpþl;FnFanRbmaN 0>7° énplitplCatirbs;eK edIm,ICYysþar nigGPivDÆn_RbeTsEdlmankarGPivDÆn_Tab.

m:üagvijeTot kic©RBmeRBogsnþiPaBenATIRkug)a:rIs )antMrUv[shKmn_GnþrCati mankatBVkic© CYysþar ksag nigGPivDÆn_RbeTskm<úCaeLIgvij edaybegáIt[mannUv {KN³kmμaFikarGnþrCatisþIBIkar ksagkm<úCaeLIgvij} (ICORC) edIm,IeFVIkartamdan nigsMrbsMrYlkarpþl;viPaKTanBIshKmn_GnþrCati.

tamry³karGnuvtþn_kic©RBmeRBogsnþiPaBenATIRkug)a:rIs EdlmankarsnüaCYysþar nigGPivDÆn_ km<úCakñúgry³eBlCag 10qñaMknøgmkenH RbeTskm<úCa)ansMercnUvsmiTi§plsMxan;²CaeRcIn ¬CaBiess kñúgvis½yGb;rM nigsuxaPi)al¦ tamry³FnFanpÞal; nigkarxitxMRbwgERbgpÞal;rbs;xøÜn rYmpSMnwgkic© shRbtibtþikareTVPaKI nigBhuPaKICamYyshKmn_GnþrCati. ynþkartamdan nigsMrbsMrYlénkic© shRbtibtþikarTaMgenH RtUv)andak;[GnuvtþEdlmanlkçN³cMhr (Open) tmøaPaB nigTTYlxusRtUv x<s; (Accountability). kardkbTBiesaFn_kñúgry³eBlCag 10qñaM knøgmk )anbgðaj[eXIjfa kic©shRbtibtþikarkñúgkarsþar ksag nigGPivDÆn_RbeTskm<úCa[mancIrPaB caM)ac;RtUvQrelITsSn³én {PaBCaédKU edIm,IBRgwgPaBCam©as; nigmKÁúeTsk_PaBrbs;km<úCa} (Partnership to strengthen

ownership and leadership of Cambodia). enAkñúgs μartIenH caM)ac;RtUvGnuvtþ[)anx©ab;x©ÜnnUv eKalkarN_ 4 FM²KW³ 1-kareKarBKñaeTAvijeTAmk (Mutual Respect), 2-karTukcitþKñaeTAvijeTAmk (Mutual Trust), 3-karTTYlxusRtUveTAvijeTAmk (Mutual Accountability), 4-tmøaPaBeTAvij eTAmk (Mutual Transparency).

knøgmk eKalkarN_TaMg4xagelI min)anGnuvtþRKb;RCugeRCay nigkñúgeBlRBm²Kña)aneT fVIt,itEtynþkartamdan sMrbsMrYl nigvaytMélRtUv)andak;[GnuvtþRbkbedaylkçN³cMhr tmøaPaB nigTTYlxusRtUvk¾eday ¬kic©RbCMuBieRKaHeyabl;rvagraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa nigshKmn_pþl;CMnYyRbcaMqñaM qmas nigRtImas¦.

dUcenHkñúgkarGnuvtþn_eTAGnaKt sþIGMBIeKaledAGPivDÆn_shsvtSn_km<úCa raCrdæaPi)alyl; eXIjfa eyIgRtUvmanviFankarEklMGmYycMnYn edIm,IGnuvtþ[)anl¥nUveKalkarN_TaMg 4 xagelI dUcCa³

93

1-EpnkarskmμPaBTaMgLay RtUveqøIytbeTAnwgGaTiPaB nigyuT§sa®sþrbs;raCrdæaPi)al nig karykcitþTukdak;CacMbgeTAelIkarGnuvtþn_ CaCagkareFVIEpnkarminQb;Qr.

2-karGnuvtþn_Epnkarskm μPaBTaMgLay RtUvykcitþTukdak; nigKitKUreTAdl;smtßPaBFnFan nigeBlevlad¾smRsbrbs;;RbeTskm<úCa.

3-begáInkarBieRKaHeyabl;Kña (Dialogue Approach) CaCagkareFVIsuBlPaB (Validation

Approach) EdlkargarenHtMrUv[shKmn_pþl;CMnYyeFVIRbtiPUkm μ (Empower) [tMNagrbs;xøÜnRbcaM enAkm<úCamanlT§PaBBRgwgkargarbnþeTot.

4-karkMNt;nUvlT§pleRKagTuk (Expectation) RtUv[manPaBR)akdniymedaymankarBieRKaH eyabl;CamYyPaKIkm<úCa edIm,IeCosvagkarvaytMélxus²KñaelIlT§plEdlsMerc)an nigQrelI lkçN³vinicä½yénkarvaytMél EdlRtUvkMNt;CamYyKña[)anCak;lak;.

5-karpSBVpSayCasaFarN³ nUvral;Éksarb¤r)aykarN_TaMgLay RtUvmankarBieRKaHeyabl; nigÉkPaBCamunBIraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa.

6-karGPivDÆn_smtßPaBkñúgRbeTsRtUv)anKitKUrCaGaTiPaBx<s; edIm,IBRgwgPaBCam©as;. 7-karsMrbsMrYl[manPaBrlUn kñúgshKmn_pþl;CMnYytamGaTiPaB rbs;raCrdæaPi)alRtUv)an

BRgwg.

8-RbeTsGPivDÆn_x<s; RtUvbMeBjkrNIykic© nigkarsnüarbs;xøÜnkñúgkarCYyeRCamERCgRbeTs EdlkarGPivDÆn_enAmankMritTab [mankarrIkcMerIneTAtamGaTiPaBrbs;eKerog²xøÜn.

dUecñHkñúgkarbnþkarGnuvtþn_kic©RBmeRBogsnþiPaBenATIRkug)a:rIs edIm,Isþarksag nigGPivDÆn RbeTskm<úCa [kan;EtmanRbsiT§PaBx<s;eLIg caM)ac;RtUvBRgwgPaBCaédKU nigPaBCam©as;rbs;RbeTs km<úCa tamry³eKalkarN_dUc)anelIkeLIgxagelI.

lT§PaBrkTIpSar¼BaNiC¢kmμ raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa )anebþCJacitþþy:agmuWgma:t; kñúgkareFIVsmahrNkmμRbeTskm<úCabEnßmeTot eTAkñúgesdækic©BiPBelak tamry³karbegIánkic©RBmeRBogBaNiC¢kmμeTVPaKI nigBhuPaKIenAeBlcUlsak l,gkñúgGgÁkarBaNiC¢kmμBiPBelak (WTO) d¾xøIxagmux. elIsBICMnYyGPivDÆn_pøÚvkar EdlnwgRtUvkat; bnßytameBlevla BaNiC¢km μKWCam:asIunénkarlUtlas; EdlmanskþanuBlkñúgkarcUlrYmviPaKTandl; karkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk nig KGsk RbkbedaycIrPaB. manbBaðaTak;TgnwgBaNiC¢km μmYycMnYn EdlCa erOgkþI)armÖ. TI1 PaBcaM)ac;edIm,IbegIánRbsiT§PaBénvis½ynaMecjsMxan;² EdlRbQmnwgkarRbkYtRb ECgkan;EtxøaMgeLIg. TI2 PaBcaM)ac;edIm,IeFIV[lkçN³cMruHdl;mUldæannaMecj edayBwgEp¥ksMxan;elI ]sSahkm μkat;edr tamry³karCMrujvis½yNa Edlkm<úCaTMngCaGacmaneRbobdUcCa ksi]sSahkm μ. TI3 Tak;TgnwgkarsRmal nUvplb:HBal;CaGviC¢manénkMENTMrg;BaNiC¢km μ edayKitTukCamunfaGñk

94

EdlTMngCaQñH nigGñkEdlTMngCacaj; nigkarGnuvtþn_kmμviFITaMgLay edIm,IRTRTg;GñkEdlTTYlpl b:HBal;CaGviC¢manenH. TI4 Tak;TgnwgPaBcaM)ac;énkarTTYl)annUvcMeNHdwgxagbec©keTs nigvinieyaK edIm,IeFIV[RbeTskm<úCasißtkñúgsßanPaBmYy EdlnwgGaccab;yk)annUvkalanuvtþPaBTIpSarnaMecj. raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCacat;TukEpñkÉkCn TaMgkñúgRsuknigbreTs CaeRKOgma:sIunsMrab;karrIkcMerIn. edIm,IbM)at;nUvkarlM)aksMxan;² EdlraraMgdl;karGPivDÆn_EpñkÉkCn k¾dUcCakarpþl;FnFankñúgdMeNIrkar kMENTMrg;Epñkc,ab; nigrdæ)al evTikarvagrdæaPi)al nigEpñkÉkCn RtUv)anbegáIteLIgkñúgExFñÚ qñaM1999. evTikaenHRbRBwtþeTAerogral;6Exmþg ehIyRtUv)anKaMRTedayRkumkargartamEpñkrbs;rdæaPi)al nig Rkumh‘unCMnYjcMnYn7 EdlCYbKñaral;Ex edIm,IkMNt;skmμPaB nigeFVIGnusasn_edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaCak; lak;tamEpñk. bMNul fIVebIbnÞúkbMNulmanlkçN³GacRKb;RKg)an rhUtmkdl;eBlenH vakMBugmankarekIneLIgy:ag elOnehIyRbkbedayeRKaHfñak; EdlesvabMNulnwgRsUbykkan;EteRcIneLIg² nUvfvikasaFarN³d¾ mankMritEdlbNþal[xVHFnFan sMrab;vinieyaKkñúgkic©GPivDÆn_nana. elIsBIenHeTot manPaBcaM)ac; edIm,IbegIánplitPaBénvinieyaKsaFarN³ edIm,IFana[)anR)akdfaR)ak;kMcI GacbegáIt)ancMNUlRKb; RKan;sMrab;sgbMNulvij. bBaðaBak;B½n§mYyeTot KWkarEckrMElk nigkareRbIR)as;CMnYyKμansMNg nig R)ak;kMcIenAkñúgCMnYyGPivDÆn_pøÚvkar. manPaBcaM)ac; edIm,Imankic©RBmeRBogKñakñúgkarbegIáncMENkén CMnYyK μansMNgenAkñúgCMnYyGPivDÆn_pøÚvkar nigkareRbIR)as;R)ak;kMcIsMrab;vinieyaK EdlRtUv)anrMBwgTuk famancMNUlxagesdækic©x<s;.

95

2>9 eKaledATI9³ karedaHmIn yuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH nigkarse®gÁaHCnrgeRKaH eKaledATI 9 minmanTMnak;TMngCamYy KGs eT EtRtUv)anraCrdæaPi)alcat;TukCaGaTiPaBcMbg

mYykñúgcMeNamGaTiPaBnanasMrab;karsþar nigGPivDÆn_RbeTs. raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa )anebþCJaya:gmutmaM kñúgkarGnuvtþn_sn§isBaØaTIRkugGUtav:a EdlhamR)amkareRbIR)as; karsþúkTuk karplit nigkarCYjdUr RKab;mInRbqaMgnwgmnusSCati nigsMedAeGayeFVIkarbMpøajecal. raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa)ankøayCahtßelxI énsn§isBaØaenH enAéf¶TI03 ExFñÚ qñaM1997. ehtudUecñH eKaledAenHRtUv)anbegáIteLIgCaBiesssMrab; eqøIytbnwgbBaðaRbQmnana TaMgbc©úb,nñk¾dUcCaGnaKtrbs;km<úCa. 2>9>1 cMNucedA nigsUcnakrén KGsk9

tarag 2>9>1 bgðajnUvtMélTinñn½ymUldæan nigtMélcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakrén KGsk9 tam lMdab;qñaM. Tinñn½ymantaMgBIqñaM1990 ehIymanbgðajenAkñúgtaragxageRkam. tarag 2>9>1³ tMélTinñn½ymUldæan nigtMélcMNucedAsMrab;sUcnakr KGsk9


cMnucedArYmTI24³ eq<aHeTArkGRtasUnüénplb:HBal;edaysarmIn nigRKab;minTan;pÞúHRtwmqñaM2012 sUcnakr 9>1³ cMnYnCnsIuvilrgeRKaHfñak;RbcaMqñaM 1691 1993 500 200 0sUcnakr 9>2³ PaKryénépÞdIEdl)anedaHmInBIépÞdI Edl)an sgS½yfaCacMkarmInkMritF¶n;¼x<s;¼mFüm¼Tab 10 1995 51 77 100

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minTan; kMNt;

minTan; kMNt;

minTan; kMNt;

2>9>2 ninñakarknøgmk nigkarviPaKBIKMlaténsUcnakr KGsk9 eRkayBICMelaHCagbITsvtSr_knøgmk km<úCa)ankøayCaRbeTsmYyEdlmanRKab;mIn nigRKab;

minTan;pÞúHeRcInbMputelIBiPBelak. eyagtamkarGegátfñak;CatikMrit 1 Edl)anbBa©b;enAExemsa qñaM 2002 bgðajfaRbEhlCa 12° énPUmienAkm<úCargkarb:HBal;kMritx<s; edayRKab;mIn nigRKab;minTan; pÞúH. enAqñaM1996 cMnYnCnrgeRKaHekIneLIgrhUtdl; 4313nak; EdlkñúgenaHmanCnsIuvilrgeRKaH cMnYn 1743nak;. rUb 2>9>1 bgðajBIcMnYnCnsuIvilrgeRKaHRbcaMqñaM ¬TaMgsøab; nigrbYs¦ Edl)ankt;

96

Rta. tYelxenHGacbBa¢ak;fa RbCaCn)aneTAeFVIkartaMgTIlMenAkan;EtCitcMkarmIn eRkayBIRbeTskm<úCa TTYl)ansnþiPaB.

eqøIytbnwgsßanPaBd¾bnÞan;enH enAqñaM1993 raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa)anbegáItmCÄmNÐlkMcat;mIn km<úCa EdlenABak;kNþalTsvtSr_qñaM1990 rYmCamYykgeyaFBlexmrPUminÞ nigGgÁkarBIreTotKW HALO Trust nig MAG )anQaneTAsMercya:gsMebIm TaMgkarkat;bnßycMnYnCnsIuvilrgeRKaH nigkar BRgIképÞdIedaHmIn ¬rUb 2>9>1¦. ecjBIlT§plenH raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa)ankMNt;cMNucedAeq<aHeTArk GRtasUnüénplb:HBal;edaysarmIn nigRKab;minTan;pÞúHRtwmqñaM2012. ninñakarknøgmkbgðajfa km<úCa)ankat;bnßyya:gsMebImnUv cMnYnCnsIuvilrgeRKaHRbcaMqñaM. eTaHCaya:gNak¾eday tamkareFVI cMeNal cMnucedAEdl)ankMNt;RbEhlCaminGacsMerc)aneLIy. rUb 2>9>1³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAéncMnYnCnsIuvilrgeRKaHEdl)ankt;Rta ¬minrab;bBa©ÚleyaFa¦

824

800

1322

17431797

1359

1542

0200

500225

345

645

0

300

600

900

1200

1500

1800

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

cMNucedA

ninñakar

RbPB³ RbB½n§Bt’manCnrgeRKaHedaysarmInenAkm<úCa kak)aTRkhmkm<úCa nigGgÁkarCnBikarGnþrCati qñaM2003.

cMkarmInRtUv)anTTYlsÁal;fa CabnÞúkd¾F¶n;F¶rcMeBaHCIvPaBrs;enArbs;RbCaCnenACnbT. ehtu dUecñH raCrdæaPi)al)aneFVIkarebþCJaya:gmutmaM edaykMNt;cMNucedARbkbedaymhicätasMedAlubbM)at; karrgeRKaHfñak; nigkare)assMGatcMkarmIneGayGs;RtwmqñaM201213.

tamninñakarknøgmk ¬rUb 2>9>2¦ bgðajfaPaKryénépÞdI Edl)ane)assMGatmInRbcaMqñaMenA km<úCa)anekIneLIgkñúgel,Ónywt. dUecñH cMeNaleTAmuxbgðajfa eTaHCaraCrdæaPi)alxitxMRbwgERbg ya:gNak¾eday k¾RbEhlCaminGacsMerc)antamcMnucedA Edl)ankMNt;RtwmqñaM2012 )aneLIy. tamcMeNalRtwmqñaM2015 km<úCaRbEhlCaGacsMerc)anRtwmEt 81° kare)assMGatmInecjBItMbn; Edl)ansgS½yfamanmIn nigRKab;minTan;pÞúH. kare)assMGatmIn nigRKab;minTan;pÞúH 100° TMngCa GacsMerc)anenARtwmqñaM2020. 13 sn§isBaØaTIRkugGUtava: )anTamTareGaykm<úCabM)at;eRKaHfñak;edaysarmIn nigRKab;minTan;pÞúH nige)assMGatcMkarmIneGayGs;Rtwm qñaM2009. ebIsinCakm<úCaminGacsMerc)aneT enaHRtUvsMuBnüarry³eBl 10qñaM bnþeTotCamYykarebþCJacitþd¾emaHmutCagmun.

97

rUb 2>9>2³ ninñakar nigcMNucedAénPaKryépÞdIEdl)anedaHmInelIépÞdIEdl)ansgS½ykñúgkMritF¶n; x<s; mFüm nigTab

100

3526

10

51

7781

7164

46

0

20

40

60

80

100

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

cMNucedA

ninñakar

RbPB³ GaCJaFrkm<úCaRKb;RKgskmμPaBmIn nigse®gÁaHCnBikar qñaM2003.

2>9>3 eKalneya)ay nigkmμviFIbc©úb,nñsMxan;²naeBlbc©úb,nñ EdlrYmcMENkdl; KGsk9 edIm,IFanakarbegáIt nigGnuvtþeKalneya)ayCatieGaymanRbsiT§PaB nigmankarsMrbsMrYll¥

raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa)anbegáItGaCJaFrkm<úCaRKb;RKgskm μPaBkMcat;mIn nigse®gÁaHCnBikaredaysarmIn (CMAA) enAExkBaØa qñaM2000. CMAA dUcGaCJaFrepSgeTotEdr nwgCYyraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCakñúgkar begIáteKalneya)ay nigRkbx½NÐbBaØtþisMrab;karRKb;RKgskm μPaBkMcat;mIn nigFanafakmμviFIskm μPaB kMcat;mInnana nwgrYmcMENkdl;GaTiPaB nigeKalneya)aykat;bnßyPaBRkIRkrbs;raCrdæaPi)al.

edIm,IsMerc)antamebskkm μrbs;xøÜn CMAA )anerobcMyuT§saRsþCati sMrab;skmμPaBkMcat;mIn enAqñaM2003 sMedAeFVIsmahrNkm μskmμPaBkMcat;mIn eTAkñúgeKalneya)ayGPivDÆn_fñak;Cati nig )ankMNt;ckçúvis½yry³eBlmFüm nigEvg. ckçúvis½yry³eBlmFüm KWkarlubbM)at;plb:HBal;eday sarmIn nigRKab;minTan;pÞúHeGaydl;kMritsUnüenARtwmqñaM2012 edIm,ICakarrYmcMENkdl;karkat;bnßy PaBRkIRk nigkarGPivDÆn_RbkbedaycIrPaB. TaMgenHGacFana)antamry³karedaHmInecjBItMbn;Edl mankarsgS½ykMritF¶n;F¶r nigx<s; nigbegáItkm μviFIGb;rMry³eBlxøI² sþIBIeRKaHfñak;edaysarRKab;mInenA tMbn;EdlmankarsgS½yTaMgenaH. rIÉckçúvis½yry³eBlEvg KWFanafakm<úCanwgcakputBIplb:HBal;Ca GviC¢mandl;mnusSCati nigesdækic©sgÁmkic©edaysarmIn nigRKab;minTan;pÞúHRtwmqñaM2025 edayFana eGay)ansmtßPaBfñak;Cati edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðananaenAtMbn; Edlmin)ane)assMGat nigtMbn;dac; Rsyalcab;BIqñaM2012 teTA.

enAeRkamyuT§saRsþCatisMrab;skm μPaBkMcat;mIn EpnkarGPivDÆn_skmμPaBmInry³eBl 5qñaM ¬2003-2007¦ RtUv)anbegáIteLIgEdlCaEpnkarrMkil. EpnkarenHmaneKaledAbYnEdleRkameKal edAnImYy²manvtßúbMNg nigskmμPaBCaeRcInRtUv)ankMNt;. eKaledATaMgbYnrYmman³

98

- karGnuvtþn_karsMrbsMrYlfñak;Cati edayrYmmankarbegáItPaBCaGñkdwknaMfñak;Cati mUldæan Tinñn½yskmμPaBmInfñak;Cati nigkarGnuelamtamsn§isBaØaTIRkugGUtava:.

- kareFVIeGayRbesIreLIgskmμPaBesdækic©sgÁmkic© edayrYmmankarkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk karcUl rYmkñúgkic©GPivDÆn_fñak;Cati nigkarGnuvtþn_ynþkarPaBesdækic© sgÁmkic©.

- BRgIksmiT§iplskmμPaBmIn edayrYmmankarkMNt;niymn½ytMbn;manmIn kareFVIGaTiPaB skmμPaBe)assMGatmIn edayEp¥kelIplb:HBal;karGnuvtþn_bTdæanskm μPaBmIn RbB½n§tam danRbkbedayRbsiT§PaB nigcIrPaB nigkarbegáItsmtßPaBRKb;RKgEdlmanKuNPaB.

- karGPivDÆn_viFankareqøIytbeTAnwgkarkarBar nigkarBüa)aledayrYmman karkat;bnßy haniyP½y nigkartamdanral;CMnYy]btßmÖdl;CnrgeRKaHedaysarmIn. bc©úb,nñenH CMAA kMBugGnuvtþEpnkarGPivDÆn_skm μPaBmInry³eBl 5qñaM elIskmμPaBrYm

manEpnkarkargarfñak;Cati bTdæanskm μPaBmIn ynþkaresdækic©sgÁmkic© bTbBaØtþi nigkarksag smtßPaB. RsbeBlCamYykic©xitxMRbwgERbgrbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa mankmμviFI nigKMeragCaeRcIn)an nigkMBugGnuvtþedayGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al kñúgkarbNþúHbNþal nigsþarnitism,Tadl;CnBikar. eTaH Caya:genHkþI skm μPaBTaMgenHBMumankarsMrbsMrYl)anl¥eT ehIyGgÁkarmYycMnYnkMBugsßitenAkñúg dMNak;kalbiTKMeragrbs;xøÜn. 2>9>4 bBaðaRbQmsMxan;² cMeBaHkarsMerc[)annUvcMNucedAén KGsk9

enAeBlbc©úb,nñ km<úCakMBugxitxMya:gxøaMgkøakñúgkare)assMGatmIn nigRKab;minTan;pÞúHEdlman cMnYnrab;lanRKab; ehIyrhUtdl;eBlenHmIn nigRKab;minTan;pÞúHTaMgenaH)aneFVIeGayeRKaHfñak;dl; mnusSCag 5mWunnak; mkehIy nigkMBugbnþeRKaHfñak;dl;mnusSrab;rynak;Caerogral;qñaM. kñúgcMeNamCn rgeRKaHEdlenArs;ranmanCIvitmanEtmYycMnYntUcb:ueNÑaH EdlTTYl)ankarsþarnitism,TaBIsMNak; GgÁkarCati nigGnþrCati. rhUtdl;eBlenH enABMuTan;manEpnkarCMnYy]btßmÖdl;CnrgeRKaHenAeLIy eTaHbICaraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa maneKalneya)aysMrab;CMnYy]btßmÖ nigkareFVIsmahrNkmμCnrgeRKaH eTAkúñgsgÁmk¾eday. bBaðaRbQmnanamandUcteTA³

- EpnkarCMrujGRtaedaHmIneGay)an 50° RbcaMqñaM nwgmann½yfaRtUvbegáInkarcMNay nigmeFüa )ayEfmeTotkñúgskmμPaBe)assMGatmIn. kare)assMGatmInenAtMbn;kan;Etq¶aymankar lM)akkan;EteRcIn. RbtibtþikarmYycMnYnkMMBugsakl,geRKOgynþRbePTepSg² kñúgkare)as sMGatmIn.

- karfycuHCMnYybreTs³ sBVéf¶enHcMNayelIskm μPaBe)assMGatmInkñúgmYyqñaM KWRbEhlCa 30landuløa. fvikaTaMgenH)anmkBIRbPBepSg²Kña. m©as;CMnYymYycMnYn)anbgðajBIkarpøas;

99

bþÚrGTiPaBrbs;xøÜnenAeBlxagmuxenH EdlsbBa©ak;BIkarfycuHCMnYyenAeBlGnaKt. dUecñH enAeBlenHCakarcaM)ac; EdlRtUveFVIkarFanacMeBaHmuxm©as;CMnYyedayeFVIeGayeKemIleXIjfa mUlniFirbs;eKRtUv)aneRbIR)as;d¾manRbsiT§PaB nigRKb;RCugeRCay.

- Rkbx½NÐkargard¾TUlMTUlay nigsmRsbfñak;CatimYysMrab;CMnYy]btßmÖdl;CnrgeRKaH RtUvEt begáIteLIgtamlkçN³siT§iRtUvTTYl)an CaCagtamlkçN³m:UDulsMrab;CnBikar. mUlniFisMrab; CMnYy]btßmÖdl;CnrgeRKaHenABMuTan;)anFanaenAeLIy. »kassMrab;TTYl)anmUlniFikan;Et manticenAeBlEdlm©as;CMnYypøas;bþÚrGaTiPaBrbs;eK. dUecñH CMnYy]btßmÖdl;CnrgeRKaHRtUv EtbRBa¢abeTAkñúgkmμviFIGPivDÆn_nana nigclnaCYyxøÜnÉg. GgÁkarGnþrCatiFM²mYycMnYnkMBugEt sakl,gkmμviFIEbbenH enAkm<úCaedaymankarKaMRTBIm©as;CMnYy.

- kareFVIeGayRbesIreLIg nUvsßanPaBesdækic©sgÁmkic©rbs;CnrgeRKaH RtUvEtkMNt;eGay)an. mU:Dulesdækic©mYyRtUvEtbegáIteLIg EdlGacvas;Evg)anrvagkarcMNay nigplcMeNjBI skmμPaBe)assMGatmInTaMgkMritma:RkU nigmIRkU.

- RtUvBRgIkyuT§saRsþkat;bnßyhaniP½y. TImYy RtUvBRgIkkmμviFIGb;rM edayeFVIkarsMrbsMrYl eGay)anl¥tamtMbn;PUmisaRsþ. TIBIr RtUvepþatkarykcitþTukdak;elIbMlas;bþÚrlkçN³RbCa saRsþrbs;CnrgeRKaHedaysarmIn nigRKab;minTan;pÞúH.

- kgkMlaMgRbdab;GavuFnwgRtUvedIrtYrnaTIkan;EtsMxan; kñúgkaredaHmInenAéf¶GnaKt. enH)ann½y fasmtßPaBrbs;BYkeK kñúgkareqøIytbeTAnwgbBaðaRbQmenH RtUvEteFVIeGayRbesIreLIgEfm eTot.

- mankarBiPakSaya:gl¥itl¥n; BIbBaðaTTYl)anvijtMéledImkñúgesvasþarnitism,Ta. CaTUeTA Cn rgeRKaHedaysarmIneRcInEtCaRkummnusS sßitkñúgsßanPaBesdækic©sgÁmkic©TabEdlenHCabBaða EdlBYkeKRtUvRbQm.

2>9>5 Rkbx½NÐkargar edIm,ICMnHbBaðaRbQmsMxan;² nigsMerc[)annUvcMNucedA KGsk9 - karbegáItRkbx½NÐesdækic©sgÁmkic©³ m©as;CMnYyEdlmanbMNgKaMRTskmμPaBe)assMGatmIn

TTYl)ankaresñIsMud¾sMebImBIsMNak;RbeTsnanaelIBiPBelak. BYkeKcg;eXIjlT§plkargar ecjCatMélkñúgmYyEm:RtRkLaénépÞdIe)assMGatmIn plb:HBal;dl;sßanPaBesdækic© sgÁmkic© dl;GñkTTYlpl nigcMnYnRKab;mInEdl)anedaH. RbeTskm<úCaBuMmanTinñn½yesdækic©RKb;RKan; EdlGaceGaym©as;CMnYyeFVIkarkMNt;CaplcMeNjEpñkesdækic© ecjBIskm μPaBe)assMGat mIn)an. eK)anesñIdl; CMAA eGaybegáIteLIgnUvRkbx½NÐkargarmYy Edlm©as;CMnYyGac eRbIR)as; edIm,Ivas;EvgplcMeNjEpñkesdækic© nigFanafaluyrbs;BYkeKmantMélx<s;.

100

- karbRBa¢abeTAkñúgkm μviFIGPivDÆn_nana³ bBaðaRbQmkñúgkarGPivDÆn_CMnYy]btßmÖ sMrab;Cnrg eRKaHtamry³karbRBa¢abkm μviFIenH eTAkñúgkm μviFIkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk KWTamTaeGaymankar begáItyuT§saRsþshkarKñaCamYynwgbNþaGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)alnana. edayEpñkCnBikarenA km<úCatMrUveGaymanviFIsaRsþGPivDÆn_ edayEp¥kelIsiT§ienaH CMnYy]btßmÖdl;CnrgeRKaHRtUvEt eFVIsmahrNkmμeTAkñúgsgÁm CaCagkardak;eGayenAdac;BIeK.

- karBRgwgsmtßPaBrbs;kgeyaBlexmr³PUminÞ³ kgkMlaMgRbdab;GavuFkm<úCa nwgedIrtYnaTI[)an eRcInkñúgskmμPaBmInenAeBlGnaKt. mann½yfa karRbQmeTAnwgsmtßPaBenH nwgRtUvkar BRgwgbEnßmeTot. manCMerIsCaeRcInEdlRtUvkarEsVgyl; edIm,IeFIV[cMNucedAénkare)as sMGatmInGacsMerc)an. sMeNIrsMufvikaRtUv)andak;CUn esvaskm μPaBmInsMrab;shRbCaCati.

- karsRmbsRmYl¼karKaMRTénGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al elIyuT§saRsþkat;bnßyeRKaHfñak;³ RtUv karbegáItyuT§saRsþPaBCaGñkdwknaMCatieLIg edIm,IBRgIkskm μPaBkat;bnßyeRKaHfñak;. PaKI EdledIrtYsMxan;² )anbegáItm:UEdlshkarKñal¥mYy EdlGacCYyKñaeTAvijeTAmkenATUTaMg RbeTs. bNþajGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al nigRksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa KWCaGñkGnuvtþn_enA fñak;kNþal ehIykarCab;Bak;B½n§rbs;sßab½nenHnwgCakarsMxan;Nas;. elIsBIenHeTAeTot km μviFIfμ I²nwgRtUv begáIteLIgsMedAcMeBaHRkumeKaledACak;lak; ]TahrN_ kumar nigRKab;min Tan;pÞúH.

2>9>6 PaBxusKñatamtMbn;kñúgkarsMerccMNucedAén KGsk9 rUb 2>9>3 bgðajkarEbgEcktamextþ¼Rkug sMrab;tMbn;EdlsgS½yfamancMkarmIn. BN’

RkhmtMNageGaytMbn;EdlmankarsgS½ykMritF¶n;F¶r nigx<s; rIÉBN’elOg nigébtg CatMbn;Edlman karsgS½ykMritmFüm nigTaberogKña. CMAA )aneFIVcMNat;fñak;enHEp¥keTAelIlT§pl énkareFIVGegát CatikMritmYy. tMbn;EdlmankarsgS½ykMritx<s; KWextþ]tþrmanC½y extþbnÞaymanC½y extþ)at;dMbg Rkugéb:lin nigextþeBaF×sat;.

101



elx kUd

extþ¼Rkug KGsk9 elx kUd

extþ¼Rkug KGsk9 elx kUd

extþ¼Rkug KGsk9

14 éRBEvg 1/000 10 RkecH 0/970 13 RBHvihar 0/85612 PñMeBj 0/999 20 sVayerog 0/964 24 Rkugéb:lin 0/78518 RkugRBHsIhnu 0/998 16 rtnKirI 0/957 22 ]tþrmanC½y 0/64223 RkugEkb 0/996 05 kMBg;s<W 0/940 01 bnÞaymanC½y 0/64111 mNÐlKirI 0/993 07 kMBt 0/915 17 esomrab 0/55304 kMBg;qñaMg 0/992 19 swÞgERtg 0/899 15 eBaF×sat; 0/54708 kNþal 0/985 03 kMBg;cam 0/897 02 )at;dMbg 0/00021 taEkv 0/973 06 kMBg;FM 0/895

09 ekaHkug 0/873 RbPB³ GaCJaFrkm<úCaRKb;RKgskmμPaBmIn nigse®gÁaHCnBikar qñaM2003.

102

EpñkTI3 viFIsa®sþtamdan nigvaytMél

elIPaBeCOnelOnéneKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa

103

3>1 kartamdanelIPaBeCOnelOnén KGsk karvas;EvgPaBeCOnelOnrbs; KGsk tMrUv[manRbB½n§tamdan nigvaytémø. kartamdan sMedAelI 1¦karrk[eXIjCabnÞan;nUvkargakerd¾KYr[kt;sMKal;BIkMrit EdleKrMBwgTukcMeBaHFnFan skmμPaB niglT§pl EdlTak;TinnwgeKalneya)aysMxan;² nigKMeragTaMgLayEdlsMedAsMerc[)an nUvcMNucedA KGs eTAtamlMdab;qñaMEdl)ankMNt; nig 2¦vaytémøninñakarénsUcnakrlT§pl nig sUcnakrplb:HBal;rbs; KGs. dUecñH kartamdanrYmman kMNt;RtaTukCaeTogTat;nUvkarvas;EvgBI KMlat nigkareFVIr)aykarN_viPaKCamUldæan nigrkSaTuknUvTinñn½yGMBIsUcnakrsMxan;². Tinñn½yEdlcaM )ac;sMrab;skm μPaBtamdanEbbenHrYmman Bt’manCarUbv½nþ nighirBaØvtßúGMBIFnFan EdlRtUv)aneRbIR)as; skmμPaBEdl)aneFIV niglT§plEdl)ansMerc ¬Tinñn½yEdlmanRsab;)anmkBIRbPBKMerag¦ k¾dUcCa Tinñn½yEdlcaM)ac;sMrab;KNnasUcnakrlT§pl nigplb:HBal;Edl)anmkBIRbPBkargarrdæ)alCaRbcaM nigBIkareFIVGegát. kartamdansUcnakr KGs )anRtUvbBa©ÚlkñúgbBa¢IsUcnakrPaBRkIRk PaBgayrgeRKaH nig vismPaBénRbB½n§tamdan nigviPaKPaBRkIRkenAkm<úCa. bBa¢IsUcnakrPaBRkIRk PaBgayrgeRKaH nig vismPaBenHrYmman sUcnakrmYycMnYnsIþBI KGs yuT§saRsþCatikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk EpnkarGPivDÆn_ esdækic©-sgÁmkic©R)aMqñaMelIkTIBIr Epnkartamvis½y nigkarvaytémøRbeTsrYm (Common Country

Assessment) sMrab;kartamdanPaBRkIRk nigkarvaytémøplb:HBal;enAkm<úCa. dUecñHkartamdan KGs nwgkøayCacMENkénynþkarrYmmYyrbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa kñúgkartamdanPaBRkIRk nigvaytémøplb:H Bal;. km<úCa)anRbwgERbgy:agxøaMg kñúgTsvtSr_knøgmkenH edIm,IksageLIgvijnUvRbB½n§sißtirbs;xøÜn b:uEnþkm<úCaRtUvCMnHelIbBaðaRbQmmYycMnYn edIm,Itamdan KGsk RbkbedayRbsiT§PaB. KuNPaB Tinñn½y KWCakgVl;d¾cMbgmYy BIeRBaHTinñn½yEdlminsUvmanKuNPaB nwgeFVIeGaytémøsUcnakrminsUv RtwmRtUveTAtamtfPaB EdlCaehtunaMeGaykarpþl;Gnusasn_EpñkeKalneya)ayminsUv)anl¥. tarag 3>1 pþl;nUvkarvaytémøxagKuNPaBelIBt’manEdlman edIm,Itamdan nigvaytémøPaBeCOnelOnenA kñúg KGsk. tamkarvaytémø)anbgðajfa manPaBxusKñaTaMgxagbrimaN KuNPaB niglTæPaBGac manTinñn½ykñúgcMeNam KGsk. manEt KGsk mYycMnYnb:ueNÑaH EdlmanRbB½n§Bt’manGacykCakar )ankñúgkarFananUvkartamdanRbkbedayRbsiT§PaB.

Tinñn½yEdlrk)anenAmanlkçN³mFüm nigmankMrit ehIyRbkarenH)ankøayCaEpñkmYyEdlCa kþI)armÖkñúgb:unμanqñaMfIμ²enH. karlM)akekIteLIgBIkarRbmUlTinñn½yenAmUldæan Bak;B½n§nwgkgVHkarshkar

104

kñúgkarpþl;Bt’man nigkarsMrbsMrYlenAkñúgkareFIVGegátFM² EdlbNþal[manTinñn½yminRKb;RKan;cMeBaH sUcnakrsMxan;² b¤manTinñn½yeRcIn nigminc,as;las; EdlCaehtueFIV[mankarlM)akkñúgkarbkRsay. KuNPaBTinñn½yrdæ)al k¾CakþI)armÖd¾cMbgmYypgEdr. kñúgkrNIPaKeRcIn Tinñn½yGegát nigTinñn½yrdæ)al FmμtamankareRbIR)as;minTan;TUlMTUlay edaysarFnFanmnusSenAmankMritkñúgkarRKb;RKg karEkécñ nigkarviPaKTinñn½y. mü:ageTot mUldæanTinñn½yEdl)anmkBIkareFIVGegát EdlcMNayeRcInmankarTuk dak; b¤karrkSaTukminTan;)anl¥ nigminTan;)anpþl;[dl;GñkeRbIR)as;TUlMTUlayenAeLIy. mantMrUvkar CabnÞan;nUvRbB½n§pSBVpSaymYy Edlmantémøefak niggayRsYleRbIEdlsMrYldl;karTukdak;Éksar karTajykTinñn½ymkeRbI nigkareRbIR)as;edayeRbIbec©kviTüaBt’man. 3>2 karvaytMélCMerIseKalneya)aynanaedIm,IsMerc)an KGsk bEnßmelIbTdæankñúgkartamdan nigvaytMélskmμPaBnana karvaytMélCaRbcaMelIplb:HBal; éneKalneya)aysaFarN³ nigkm μviFI CaRbkarmYyd¾sMxan;. karvaytMélelIplb:HBal; eRbIR)as; ]bkrN_epSg²elIsBIkartamdan nigkarvaytMél edIm,Ipþl;nUvkaryl;dwgsIuCMerAmYyelITMnak;TMngrvag lT§plénkm μviFI nigplb:HBal;elIsuxumalPaB. mantMrUvkarcaM)ac;kñúgkarvaytMélelIplb:HBal; edayrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgviFIsaRsþbrimaN nigKuNPaB edIm,Ipþl;nUvBt’manEdlGacykCakar)anCUndl;Gñk eFIVesckIþsMerccitþ. eKaledACaKnøwH KWkarksagsmtßPaBCati edayFana[)anR)akdfaédKUCatiRtUv )anBak;B½n§y:agCitsñiT§kñúgkargarvaytMélenH. skm μPaBvaytMélEbbenH TamTarminRtwmEtBt’man EdlmanRsab;eRbIR)as;rYc ehIyedIm,IeKalbMNgtamdanb:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþk¾TamTarTaMgkarRbmUlTinñn½y enAmUldæanedayBak;B½n§CamYyGñkTTYlplBIkm μviFIkñúgdMeNIrkarenHpgEdr. raCrdæaPi)alnwgcUlrYmenA kñúgskmμPaBTaMgLay edIm,IvaytémøelIplb:HBal;éneKalneya)aysaFarN³ nigkmμviFIepSg² sIþBI KGsk.

105

tarag 3>1³ smtßPaBsMrab;kartamdan nigeFVIr)aykarN_BIPaBeCOnelOnén KGsk

KGsk

brimaN & RbRktIPaB Bt’manGegát

KuNPaBBt’man

karviPaKsißti

sißtikñúgkareFIV eKalneya)ay

r)aykarN_ nig karpSBVpSayBt’man

xøøaMg mFüm exSay xøøaMg mFüm exSay xøøaMg mFüm exSay xøøaMg mFüm exSay xøøaMg mFüm exSay

1> PaBRkIRk nigkarGt;Xøan

2> karGb;rMkMritbzmsikSa Caskl

3> smPaBeynD½r

4> GRtamrNPaBkumar

5> suxPaBmata

6k> emeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_

6x> Cm¶WRKuncaj; RKunQam nigrebg

7k> cIrPaBbrisßan

7x> Twk nigGnam½y

8> PaBédKUCasklsMrab; kic©GPivDÆn_

9> skmμPaBmIn

105

3>3 Rkbx½NÐsßab½nsMrab;kartamdan nigkarvaytémøelI KGsk Rkbx½NÐsßab½nEdlmanRbsiT§PaBmYy mansar³sMxan;bMputcMeBaHkartamdan nigkarvaytMél elIPaBeCOnelOnén KGsk. kartamdanelIkmμviFI nigKMeragtamvis½ynwgsißtenAeRkamkarTTYlxus RtUvrbs;RksYgBak;B½n§ nigPñak;garGnuvtþn_déTeTot. karykcitþTukdak;rbs;eK nwgepþateTAelIsUcnakr FnFan sUcnakrdMeNIrkar nigsUcnakarlT§pl. Parkic©cMbgrbs;GKÁelxaFikardæanRkumRbwkSa GPivDÆn_sgÁmkic© nigGgÁPaBbec©keTstamdan nigviPaKPaBRkIRk rbs;RkumRbwkSaenH nwgepþatelIkar tamdanlT§pl nigkarvaytMélplb:HBal;. edIm,IsMerceCaKC½y)an Pñak;garepSg²caM)ac;RtUveFIVCa édKUenAkñúgRbB½n§enH. karTTYlxusRtUvrYmenAkñúgkMriteFIVeKalneya)ay sißtenAeRkamRkumRbwkSa GPivDÆn_sgÁmkic©. rUb 3>1 bgðajnUvkarerobcMsßab½nsMrab;kartamdan nigkarvaytémø.

rUb 3>1³ rcnasm<½n§sßab½n sMrab;tamdan nigvaytMélelIPaBRkIRkenAkm<úCa

Gñkpþl;CMnYy rdæaPi)alkNþal RBwT§sPa¼rdæsPa kMriténkareFIV esckIþsMerccitþ

RkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_sgÁmkic© (CSD)

GKÁelxaFikardæanén CSD

kMriténkareFIV eKalneya)ay

nigkm μμviFI

Bt’man

GgÁkar NGOs/

GgÁkar sgÁm sIuvil

vis½yÉkCn

RkumRbwkSaXMu¼sgáat;

kMriténkar tamdannigviPaK

RksYgBak;B½n§GgÁPaBbec©keTs

Gnuvtþ¬FnFan dMeNIrkar

lT§pl¦

GgÁPaBbec©keTs tamdan nigviPaK

PaBRkIRk

epþatelIlT§pl ¬lT§pl¼

plb:HBal;¦

106

kartamdanenAkñúgkMritmUldæanelIkmμviFI nigeKalneya)ayTaMgLayk¾nwgRtUvGnuvtþpgEdr. kñúgxN³EdlvimCÄkarRtUv)anBRgwg ehIysmtßPaBRtUv)anksagenAkñúgkMritmUldæan FnFanhirBaØvtßú kan;EtekIneLIg nwgRtUvEbgEckdl;kMritmUldæan. CaEpñkmYyénskm μPaBkñúgRkbx½NÐkm μviFIsila mUldæanTinñn½ymYyRtUv)anbegIáteLIgfIμ²enH EdlRtUv)anBRgwgedaydak;bEnßmnUvBt’manelIsUcnakr enAfñak;XMu¼sgáat;. 3>4 RbB½n§RKb;RKgBt’man sþIBIPaBRkIRkkm<úCa esckþIRBagc,ab;sißti pþl;nUvkarTTYlxusRtUvdl;viC¢asßanCatisißti kñúgkarRbmUl karepÞógpÞat; karEkécñ karplit nigkarpSBVpSayTinñn½yenAfñak;Cati. b:uEnþc,ab;enHk¾)anGnuBaØati[GgÁPaBsßiti nig Pñak;garepSg²eToteFIVkarRbmUl nigplitTinñn½yrbs;eKpÞal;sMrab;eRbIR)as;épÞkñúg. dUcmanEcgkñúg c,ab;enH GgÁPaBCan;x<s;BIrRtUv)anesIñ[RKb;RKgkargarsißtirYmman RkumRbwkSaBieRKaHeyabl;sißti (Statistics Advisory Council) EdldwknaMedayrdæmRnþIRksYgEpnkar nigKN³kmμaFikarsMrbsMrYlsißti (Statistics Coordination Committee) EdldwknaMedayGKÁnaykviC¢asßanCatisßiti. mkdl;eBlenHTinñn½y nigBt’manEdlcaM)ac;sMrab;kartamdan nigvaytMélRtUv)anray)a:y enAtamGgÁPaBrdæaPi)alepSg² nigGñkBak;B½n§déTeTot. karTukdak; karRKb;RKg nigkarpSBVpSay Bt’man tamry³RbB½n§Bt’manmYyEdlgayRsYleRbIR)as; KWCaGaTiPaBcMbg. Tinñn½yTaMgGs;Edl)an BIRbPBmUndæan nigEdlmanRsab; nwgRtUv)ancgRkgTukdak; rYc[eRbIR)as;CabnþbnÞab;enAkñúgTMrg;Ebb EpnepSg² edayGñkeFIVesckIþsMerccitþ nigGñkeRbIR)as;déTeTot. karbegáIteLIgnUvXøaMgTinñn½yCati nwgkat;bnßykarlM)akkñúgkarTTYlyk)annUvTinñn½y karviPaKTinñn½y nigkareFIVr)aykarN_ Tinñn½yenA kñúgEbbEpnepSg²Kña. km<úCa)ansMerccitþbegIáteLIgnUvRbB½n§RKb;RKgBt’man sþIBIPaBRkIRkmYyenAkñúg rUbPaBCaXøaMgTinñn½yCati EdlnwgRtUv)anbBa©ÚleTAkñúgrcnasm<½n§sßitiCatiEdlmanRsab;. Tinñn½y nig Bt’manEdlRtUv)aneRbIR)as; edIm,IKNnatMélsUcnakrPaBRkIRk PaBgayrgeRKaH nigvismPaB nwgRtUv )anRbmUl bBa¢Ún nigrkSaTukdak;enAkñúgXøaMgTinñn½yCati. RbB½n§RKb;RKgBt’mansþIBIPaBRkIRkkm<úCa Ca RbB½n§Bt’mand¾eBjeljmYy EdlmanXøaMgTinñn½yCatimYy EdlsißtenAkñúgviC¢asßanCatisißti¼RksYg Epnkar nigXøaMgTinñn½ytUc²epSgeTot EdlsißtenAtambNþaRksYgBak;Bn§½ nigsßab½ndéTeTot. KYrkt; sMKal;faRbB½n§RKb;RKgBt’mansþIBIPaBRkIRkkm<úCa nwgminCMnYs[RbB½n§RKb;RKgBt’mandéTeTot enA tambNþaRksYgBak;B½n§ nigenAkEnøgepSg²eToteLIy b:uEnþvanwgGnuBaØati[mankarP¢ab;KñanigtCa bNþajkñúgcMeNamRbB½n§RKb;RKgBt’manTaMgenaH. RkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_sgÁmkic© nwgtMNag[GñkeRbIR)as;Tinñn½y ehIyRkumRbwkSaBieRKaHeyabl; sißti (SAC) nwgtMNag[GñkRKb;RKgTinñn½y¼plitTinñn½y. rcnasm<½n§sßab½nTaMgBIrenHnwgrYmKñabegIát

107

eLIgnUvRkumkargarbec©keTsmYy énRbB½n§RKb;RKgBt’mansþIBIPaBRkIRkkm<úCa EdlmansmaCikCaGñk tMNagénGñkeRbIR)as;Tinñn½y nigGñkRKb;RKg¼plitTinñn½ydéT²eTot. Rkumkargarbec©keTsénRbB½n§RKb;RKgBt’man sþIBIPaBRkIRkkm<úCa nwgeFVIkarshkarCamYyRkum kargarsßitiénviC¢asßanCatisßiti GgÁPaBsßiti nigPñak;garepSg²eTot edIm,IFana[manPaBsIusgVak;Kñaén kic©karsßiti nigkic©karRKb;RKgRbcaMéf¶ cMeBaHXøaMgTinñn½yCati. rUb 3>2 bgðajBIkarbegáItsßab½nRbB½n§ RKb;RKgBt’mansþIBIPaBRkIRkkm<úCa. rUb 3>2³ rcnasm<½n§sßab½nsMrab;RbB½n§RKb;RKgBt’mansþIBIPaBRkIRkkm<úCa

RkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_sgÁmkic© (CSD) RkumRbwkSaBieRKaHeyabl;sißti (SAC)

KN³kmμaFikarsMrbsMrYlsißti

Rkumkargarbec©keTsénRbB½n§ RKb;RKgBt’mansþIBIPaBRkIRkkm<úCa

GgÁPaBsßitiepSg² Rkumkargarsßiti viC¢asßanCatisßiti

RbtibtiþkarénRbB½n§RKb;RKgBt’mansþIBIPaBRkIRkkm<úCa

GKÁelxaFikardæanén CSD

108

Éksareyag

1> Abbasi Zia ¬qñaM2003) PaBCaédKUenAkñúgkarksagsmtßPaBsßiti qñaM1993-2003 bTBiesaFn_ RbeTskm<úCa ¬BRgagcugeRkay¦ mUlniFirUbIyvtßúGnþrCati naykdæansßiti .

2> RkumRbwkSaGPivDÆn_sgÁmkic© ¬qñaM2002¦ ÉksaryuT§saRsþCatikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk 2003- 2005 PñMeBj.

3> RksYgEpnkar nigRksYgsuxaPi)al ¬qñaM2001¦ GegátRbCasaRsþ nigsuxPaBkm<úCa 2000 PñMeBj.

4> ______ ¬qñaM2000¦ r)aykarN_sIþBIGegátesdækic©sgÁmkic©km<úCa qñaM1999 PñMeBj.

5> viC¢asßanCatisißti ¬qñaM1998¦ r)aykarN_sIþBIGegátesdækic©sgÁmkic©km<úCa qñaM1997 PñMeBj.

6> ______ ¬qñaM1995¦ r)aykarN_sIþBIGegátesdækic©sgÁmkic©km<úCa qñaM1993-94 PñMeBj.

7> ______ ¬qñaM2000¦ CMerOnRbCaCnkm<úCa qñaM1998³ lT§plcugeRkay PñMeBj.

8> ______ ¬qñaM2000k¦ cMeNalRbCaCn³ karviPaKlT§plCMerOn ¬r)aykarN_ 6¦ PñMeBj. 9> ______ ¬qñaM2003¦ KNenyüCatikm<úCa qñaM1993-2002 RBwtþib½Rtelx7 PñMeBj. 10> ______ ¬qñaM2003k¦ kMrgsßitikm<úCa qñaM2002 ¬BRgag¦ PñMeBj. 11> raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa ¬qñaM2002¦ EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©sgÁmkic©5qñaMelIkTIBIr 2001-2005

PñMeBj. 12> raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa ¬qñaM1997¦ EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©sgÁmkic©5qñaMelIkTImYy 1996-2000

PñMeBj. 13> GgÁkarshRbCaCCati ¬qñaM2003¦ sUcnakrsMrab;tamdaneKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_

jÚvy:k. 14> km μviFIGPivDÆn_shRbCaCCati ¬qñaM2003¦ r)aykarN_GPivDÆn_mnusS qñaM2003 jÚvy:k.

Tak;Tgnwg KGsk1 1> RksYgEpnkar ¬qñaM1999¦ sßanPaBénPaBRkIRkrbs;RbeTskm<úCa PñMeBj. 2> RksYgEpnkar ¬qñaM1997¦ r)aykarN_sIþBIGegátesdækic©sgÁmkic©km<úCa PñMeBj. 3> Prescott, Nicholas and Menno, Pradhan ¬qñaM1997¦ sßanPaBénPaBRkIRkrbs;RbeTskm<úCa

ÉksarBiPakSaelx 373 viTüasßanFnaKarBiPBelak v:asIunetanDIsIu. 4> km μviFIes,ógGaharBiPBelak nigRksYgEpnkar ¬qñaM2002¦ kar)a:n;sμanGRtaPaBRkIRkenAkñúg

kMritXMuenARbeTskm<úCa PñMeBj.

109

Tak;Tgnwg KGsk2 1> RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa ¬qñaM1998 1999 2000 2001 2002k¦ sißti nigsUcnakrGb;rM

PñMeBj. 2> RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa ¬qñaM2002x¦ kmμviFIKaMRTvis½yGb;rM 2002-2006 PñMeBj. 3> RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa ¬qñaM2003¦ r)aykarN_bMeBjkargarvis½yGb;rM karBinitüeLIg

vijnUvkmμviFIKaMRTvis½yGb;rM PñMeBj. 4> raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa ¬qñaM2003¦ EpnkarCatiGb;rMsMrab;TaMgGs;Kña 2003-2015 PñMeBj. 5> GgÁkarGb;rMviTüasaRsþ nigvb,Fm’énGgÁkarshRbCaCati ¬qñaM1998¦ karGPivDÆn_sUcnakr

Gb;rMBiPBelak ):arIs.

Tak;Tgnwg KGsk3 1> GKÁelxaFikardæanénrdæsPaCatiénRbeTskm<úCa bBaI¢smaCikrdæsPaénGaNtiþTImYy qñaM1993

nigGaNtiþTIBIr qñaM1998 nigbBaI¢smaCiksPakñúgqñaM2002 PñMeBj. 2> RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa ¬qñaM1998 1999 2000 2001 nig2002¦ sUcnakr nigsßiti

karGb;rMM PñMeBj. 3> RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa ¬qñaM1997 1998k 1999k 2000k 2001k¦ sßitikarGb;rMM qñaM

1996¼97 1997¼98 1998¼99 1999¼2000 2000¼2001 PñMeBj. 4> viC¢asßanCatisißti ¬qñaM2002¦ r)aykarN_GegátkMlaMgBlkmμénRbeTskm<úCa qñaM2001

PñMeBj. 5> viC¢asßanCatisißti ¬qñaM2001¦ r)aykarN_GegátkMlaMgBlkmμénRbeTskm<úCa qñaM2000

PñMeBj.

Tak;Tgnwg KGsk4 nig5 1> RksYgsuxaPi)al ¬qñaM2003¦ karBinitüeLIgvijRbcaMqñaM nUvkarGnuvtþn_vis½ysuxaPi)al qñaM

2003 PñMeBj. 2> _______ ¬qñaM2002k¦EpnkaryuT§saRsþvis½ysuxaPi)al PaK1 qñaM2003-2007 PñMeBj. 3> _______ ¬qñaM2002x¦ Rkbx½NÐcMNayry³eBlmFüm PaK2 EpnkaryuT§saRsþvis½y

suxaPi)al qñaM2003-2007 PñMeBj. 4> _______ ¬qñaM2002¦ Rkbx½NÐsMrab;kartamdan nigvaytMél PaK3 EpnkaryuT§saRsþvis½y

suxaPi)al qñaM2003-2007 PñMeBj. 5> _______ ¬qñaM2002¦ Rkbx½NÐsMrab;EpnkarRbtibtiþkarRbcaMqñaM PaK4 EpnkaryuT§saRsþvis½y

suxaPi)al qñaM2003-2007 PñMeBj. 6> _______ ¬qñaM1998¦ GegátsuxPaBCati PñMeBj.

110

7> _______ ¬qñaM1994¦ suxPaBmata nigkumar EpnkarsuxaPi)alCati qñaM1994-1996 rbs; RbeTskm<úCa PñMeBj.

8> _______ ¬qñaM1994k 1995 1996 1997 1998k nig1999¦ r)aykarN_sißtisuxaPi)al PñMeBj.

9> FnaKarBiPBelak ¬qñaM2002¦ mUldæanTinñn½yénsUcnakrGPivDÆn_BiPBelak. 10> http://www.unicef.org/statis/Country_1Page92.html

Tak;Tgnwg KGsk6 1> mCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;eraKrebg nighg;sin ¬qñaM2001¦ EpnkaryuT§saRsþsuxaPi)alCati sMrab;

RKb;RKgCm¶Wrebg qñaM2001-2005 PñMeBj. 2> mCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;eraKrebg nighg;sin ¬qñaM2001k¦ eKalneya)ay nigyuT§saRsþsuxa-

Pi)alCati sMrab;RKb;RKgCm¶Wrebg enAkñúgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa qñaM2001-2005 PñMeBj. 3> Christopher D. et al. ¬qñaM1999¦ GgÁkarsuxPaBBiPBelak KMeragGegáttamdanCaskl.

bnÞúkCMgWrebgCaskl³ kar)a:n;sμanGRtaqøgfμ I GRtaeRbv:aLg; nigGRtasøab; tamRbeTs. TsSnavdþIsmaKmn_evC¢sa®sþGaemrikaMg elx282³ 677-686.

4> RksYgsuxaPi)al ¬qñaM2002¦ km μviFICatikMcat;Cm¶Wrebg³ sßitiRbcaMqñaMsþIBICm¶WrebgenARbeTs km<úCa PñMeBj.

5> RksYgsuxaPi)al ¬qñaM1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 nig2000¦ r)aykarN_sißti suxaPi)alCati PñMeBj.

6> RksYgsuxaPi)al ¬qñaM1996k¦ eKalneya)ay nigyuT§saRsþsuxaPi)al qñaM1996-2000 PñMeBj.

7> RksYgEpnkar ¬qñaM2001¦ r)aykarN_GPivDÆn_mnusSkm<úCa r)aykarN_sIþBITidæPaBsgÁmén karratt,atemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_enAkm<úCa PñMeBj.

8> GaCJaFrCatiRbyuT§Cm¶WeGds_ ¬qñaM2003¦ r)aykarN_km<úCasIþBIkarGnuvtþn_nUvesckIþEføgkarN_ elIkarebþCJacMeBaHemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ ¬UNGASS¦ PñMeBj.

9> GaCJaFrCatiRbyuT§Cm¶WeGds_ ¬qñaM2001¦ EpnkaryuT§saRsþCatisMrab;karyl;dwg nigkareqøIy tbCaBhuvis½y cMeBaHemeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ qñaM2001-2005 PñMeBj.

10> mCÄmNÐlCatiRbyuT§emeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ esIEs,k nigkameraK ¬qñaM2002¦ karpSBVpSay énGegáttamdaneRbv:aLg;emeraKeGds_ PñMeBj.

11> mCÄmNÐlCatiRbyuT§emeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ esIEs,k nigkameraK ¬qñaM2002k¦ karGegát tamdankarRbRBwtþi PñMeBj.

12> mCÄmNÐlCatiRbyuT§emeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_ esIEs,k nigkameraK ¬qñaM1999¦ r)aykarN_ sþIBIkarGegátGRtaeRbv:aLg;emeraKeGds_ PñMeBj.

111

13> mCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;Cm¶WRKuncaj; ¬qñaM2003¦ r)aykarN_RbB½n§Bt’mansuxaPi)al PñMeBj. 14> mCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;Cm¶WRKuncaj; ¬qñaM2002¦ r)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM2002 nigEpnkarRbtibtiþ

qñaM2003 PñMeBj. 15> mCÄmNÐlCatikMcat;Cm¶WRKuncaj; ¬qñaM2000¦ r)aykarN_Bt’mansuxaPi)al PñMeBj.

Tak;Tgnwg KGsk7 1> RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa karbegáIt nigkarerobcMtMbn;karBar³ RBHraCRkitüRbkaséf¶ 1 vicäika qñaM

1993 edayRBHmhakStü PñMeBj. 2> RksYgksikm μ rukçaRbmaj nigensaT naykdæanrukçaRbmaj ¬qñaM2003¦ viFisaRsþfμ I KNna

épÞRKbdnþb;edayéRBeQIenAkm<úCa PñMeBj. 3> ______ ¬2003k¦ r)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM 2002¼2003 PñMeBj. 4> ______ ¬1998¦ karvaytMélKMrbéRBeQIenARbeTskm<úCa PñMeBj. 5> RksYgGPivDÆn_CnbT ¬qñaM2003¦ eKalneya)ayTwk PñMeBj. 6> GgÁkarsuxPaBBiPBelak¼mUlniFikumarGgÁkarshRbCaCati ¬qñaM2001¦ kmμviFItamdanrYm

cMeBaHkar)a:n;s μankarpÁt;pÁg;Twk nigGnam½y qñaM1998-2000³ lT§PaBTTYl)annUvesva Gnam½y PñMeBj.

Tak;Tgnwg KGsk9 1> GaCJaFrCatikMcat;mIn nigse®gÁaHCnBikarkm<úCa ¬qñaM2003¦ r)aykarN_éndMeNIrkarsikçasa

lasþIBIkarksagkic©shRbtibtþkareTAéf¶mux sMrab;skmμPaBmInenAkñúgGasuIGeKñy_ PñMeBj. 2> GaCJaFrCatikMcat;mIn nigse®gÁaHCnBikarkm<úCa ¬qñaM2003¦ yuT§sa®sþCatisþIBIskm μPaBmIn

PñMeBj. 3> GaCJaFrCatikMcat;mIn nigse®gÁaHCnBikarkm<úCa ¬qñaM2003¦ Epnkar®)aMqñaMsþIBIskmμPaBmIn

¬2003-2007¦ PñMeBj. 4> RbB½n§Bt’manCnrgeRKaHedaysarmInenAkm<úCa ¬qñaM2002¦ eq<aHeTArkGRtaeRKaHfñak;sUnü

CMerOnsþIBICnrgeRKaHedaysarmIn nigRKab;minTan;pÞúHenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa PñMeBj. 5> kak)aTRkhmkm<úCa nigGgÁkarCnBikarGnþrCatiEb‘lhSic ¬qñaM2003¦ CMerOnsþIBICnrgeRKaH

edaysarmIn nigRKab;minTan;pÞúHenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa PñMeBj.

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niymn½yénBakübec©keTsTUeTA eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa³ KGsk eBalKWqøúHbBa©aMgnUvtfPaBénRbeTskm<úCa nigGaTiPaB rbs;GñkBak;B½n§sMxan;² ¬raCrdæaPi)al nigRksYg sgÁmsIuvilkm<úCa nigGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al GgÁkar GnþrCati nigGñkpþl;CMnYy¦. sUcnakréneKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa³ GefrEdlqøúHbBa©aMgnUvlT§pl b¤plb:HBal;sMxan;² EdlsmRsbeTAnwg KGsk NamYy. vamanlkçN³CabrimaNedIm,Ivas;EvgedayminlMeGogelIPaB eCOnelOn. témøqñaMmUldæanéneKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa³ témøénsUcnakr KGsk NamYyenAkñúgqñaMeyag CacMNuceKal ¬GaRs½yelITinñn½yEdlman¦. cMNucedAéneKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_km<úCa³ kMritmYyEdleKcg;)anénsUcnakr KGsk NamYy enAkñúgeBlevlaCakMNt;mYy ¬qñaM2005 2010 nig 2015¦. eBlevlatamlMdab;qñaM³ bNþaqñaMEdlkñúgenaHPaBeCOnelOnelIcMNucedAén KGsk RtUv)anvaytémø. RbCuMCn nig CnbT kñúgGegátesdækic©-sgÁmkic©km<úCa³ RKb;TIrYmextþ TIrYmRsukTaMgGs;RtUv)ancat;Tukfa CatMbn;RbCuMCn. RkugRBHsIhnu Ekb nig éb:lin RtUv)ancat;TukfaCaTIRbCuMCnTaMgGs;. kñúgraCFanI PñMeBj x½NÐTaMgbYn dUneBj cMkarmn R)aMBIrmkra nigTYleKak RtUv)ancat;fñak;Cax½NÐRbCuMCn. EpñkEdl enAesssl;epSgeTotenATUTaMgRbeTs RtUv)ancat;TukfaCaTICnbT.

Bakübec©keTsTak;Tnnwg KGsk1 snÞsSn_cMnYnGñkRkIRk³ PaKryéncMnYnRbCaCnEdlrs;enAeRkambnÞat;PaBRkIRk. kareRbIR)as;cMNayénGñkRkIRkCageKbMput 20°énR)ak;cMNUl¼R)ak;cMNayrbs;Cati³ karva:s;Evg BI smamaRténR)ak;cMNUl¼cMNayrbs;RbCaCn EdlmankMritTabCageKbMput 20° énR)ak;cMNUl¼ cMNaysrubrbs;Cati. ExSbnÞat;PaBRkIRk³ bnÞat;EpñkxageRkamEdlkMNt;RbCaCnrs;enAkñúgPaBRkIRk. vaCabnÞat;bBa¢ak;BI cMnUlCak;lak;mYysMrab;buKÁlmñak; edIm,IcMNayeTAelIGaharEdlGacpÁt;pÁg;ticbMput 2100kaLÚrIén famBlRbcaMéf¶ KYbpSMnigcMNaybnþicbnþÜceTAelIEpñkminEmnmðÚbGahar dUcCapÞHsMEbg nigsMelok bMBak; CaedIm. smamaRtkumareFVIkarEdlmanGayuBI 5 eTA 17qñaM³ kumarEdleFVIkargarRtUv)aneGayniymn½yfaCa karcUlrYmrbs;kumarenAkñúgskmμPaBesdækic© edIm,IkMér R)ak;cMeNj nigplcMeNjRbcaMRKYsar.

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GRtaeRbva:Lg;énkumarminRKb;TMgn; ¬GayueRkamR)aMqñaM¦³ PaBminRKb;TMgn; ¬TMgn;minsmnwgGayu¦ KWCa smamaRtrvagkumarminRKb;TMgn; GayueRkamR)aMqñaM nigcMnYnkumarEdlmanGayudUcKña. smamaRtRbCaCnEdlrs;enAeRkambnÞat;PaBRkIRkmðÚbGahar³ bnÞat;PaBRkIRkmðÚbGahar tMNag[ cMNayGb,brma EdlRtUvkar edIm,IcMNayeTAelItMrUvkarmðÚbGaharCamUldæanrbs;buKÁlNamñak;. ExS bnÞat;enHEp¥keTAelItMrUvkarfamBl EdlKitCakaLÚrI ¬2100 kaLÚrI¦ sMrab;mnusSmñak;² kñúgmYyéf¶. GRtaeRbva:Lg;énkumarRkineRkamGayu5qñaM³ PaBRkin-karlUtlas;yWt ¬edaysarPaBRkIRk¦ bNaþl mkBIkarpþl;Gaharmin)anRKb;RKan; nig suxPaBTn;exSay. snÞsSn_kMBs;EdlRtUvnwgGayu)anbgðaj GMBITMnak;TMngénkareFobkMBs; rbs;kumar eTAnwgGayurbs;eK. kñúgkrNIEdlmankgVHEpñkGaharUbtßmÖ el,OnénkarrIkFMFat; RtUvcuHfy. GRtaeRbva:Lg;énkumarsÁmeRkamGayueRkam5qñaM³ PaBsÁm ¬TMgn;RsalminsmRtUvnwgkMBs;¦ KWCaGRta énkumarsÁmEdlmanGayueRkam5qñaM nigniyayGMBIkar)at;bg;TMgn;y:ageRcInrbs;kumar CaFm μtaeday sarPaBGt;XøanruaMér: b¤edaysarmanCMgWF¶n;F¶r. smamaRtRKYsarEdleRbIR)as;GMbilGIuy:Ud³ PaKryénRKYsar EdleRbIR)as;GMbilGIuy:Ud kñúgcMeNam RbCaCnTaMgGs;.

Bakübec©keTsTak;TgeTAnwg KGsk2 karGb;rMmUldæan³ CavdþeBjeljénry³eBl 9qñaMsMrab;karGb;rMkñúgRbBn§½ nigeRkARbBn§½ edaycab;epþIm BIfñak;TI1 nigbBa©b;enAfñak;TI9. GRtaGkçrkm μ³ cMnYn)a:n;sμanénGkçrCn EdlmanGayuCak;lak;NamYy edaybBa¢ak;CaPaKryéncMnYn RbCaCnsrubEdlmanGayudUcKña. Gkçrkmμ³ smtßPaBkñúgkarGan nigsresrsargay². GRtaBitcUleronfμ I³ cMnYnsisScUleronfñak;TI1 enAGayucUleronsalaCapøÚvkar ¬Gayu6qñaM¦ EdlbBa¢ak; CaPaKryéncMnYnRbCaCnsrubEdlmanGayuRtUvcab;epþImcUleron ¬Gayu6qñaM¦. GRtaBiténkarsikSa³ cMnYnsisSRKb;GayucUleronCapøÚvkar Edl)ancuHeQμaHcUleronenAkñúgsala eday bBa¢ak;CaPaKryéncMnYnRbCaCnsrubEdlmanGayudUcKña. smamaRtcMnYnkumarEdlmin)ancUleronkñúgsala³ cMnYnkumarEdlmanGayuRtUvcUleron Etmin)aneTA eronenAsala edaysarEt (i)BYkeKminEdl)ancUleron b¤k¾ (ii))ancUleronehIyk¾e)aHbg;karsikSavij edayKitCaPaKryéncMnYnRbCaCnsrubEdlmanGayudUcKña. pleFobcMnYnkumarICamYycMnYnkumara³ cMnYnkumarIkñúgcMeNamkumaracMnYn 100nak; enAkñúgsßanPaBCak; lak;NamYy.

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GRtaKg;vgSénsisS³ PaKryénsisSmYyCMnan; Edl)anerondl;fñak;cugbBa©b;énkMritNamYy edaymin GaRs½yeTAelIcMnYnqñaM EdleK)ancMNaykñúgkareronenAsalaenaHeT. karGb;rMmUldæanCaTUeTA³ karcUleronTaMg 100° énkumarEdlsßitenAkñúgRkumGayuRtUvTTYlkarGb;rM mUldæan. salaeronenAtMbn;TIRkug tMbn;CnbT nigtMbn;dac;Rsyal³ kMnt;edaykariyal½yGb;rMRsuk¼x½NÐ nig¼ b¤ mnÞIrGb;rMextþ¼Rkug. tamFmμtasalaeronEdlmanTItaMgenATIrYmextþb¤TIRkug RtUv)ancat;TukCasala tMbn;TIRkug. cMENksalaTaMgLayNa EdlsßitkñúgtMbn;dac;RsyalEdlmankarlM)akkñúgkareFVITMnak; TMng nigdwkCBa©ÚneTAkan;salaenaH KWcat;TukfaCasalatMbn;dac;Rsyal. salaeRkABIenH KWCasala tMbn;CnbT. salatMbn;TIRkug KWCasalaEdlmanTItaMgenAkñúgRkugTaMg 4 énRkugPñMeBj RkugEkb Rkug RBHsIhnu nigRkugéb:lin ehIynigenAtamTIrYmextþTaMgGs;. enAeBlNadg;sIuetRbCaCn enAkñúgtMbn; NamYyticCag 10nak; kñúg1KILÚEm:RtRkLa enaHsalaEdlenAkñúgtMbn;enaHRtUv)ancat;TukCasala tMbn;dac;Rsyal. salaeRkABIenHcat;TukfaCasalaCnbT.

Bakübec©keTsTak;TgeTAnwg KGsk3 pleFobrvagsisSRsI nigsisS®busenAkMritmFümsikSaTutiyPUmi³ CaPaKryénGRtasisSRsIeFob nig sisS®bus Edl)aneronenAkMritmFümsikSaTutiyPUmiedayrab;bBa©ÚlTaMgenAkñúgsalardæ nigÉkCn. pleFobrvagnisSitRsI nignisSit®busenAkMrit]tþmsikSa³ CaPaKryénGRtanisiStRsIeFob nignisiSt Rbus Edl)ansikSaenAkMrit]tþmsikSa edayrab;bBa©ÚlTaMgenAkñúgRKwHsßansaFarN³ nigÉkCn. pleFobrvagGkçrkmμ®sþI nigburs³ CaPaKryénGRtaGkçrkmμ®sIþeFob nigburs EdlmanGayuBI 15-24qñaM nig 25-44qñaM EdlGacGan nigsresrlixitsñamgayyl;xøI²enAkñúgCIvPaBRbcaMéf¶rbs;BYkeK. smamaRténRsþIeFVIkarmanR)ak;ebovtSr_enAkñúgvis½yksikm μ³ cMnYnRsþIEdleFVIkarTTYlR)ak;QñÜl¼R)ak; ebovtSr_enAkñúgvis½yksikm μ ¬plitkm μcMbg¦ KitCaPaKry eFobeTAnwgnieyaCiksrub. vis½yksikmμ rYmman³ kardaMduH nigciBa©wmstV karRbmaj; karTajykGnupléRBeQI karkab;eQI nigesvaskmμPaB EdlTak;TgnwgkarensaT karPaJs;RtI karciBa©wmRtI nigesvaskm μPaBEdlBak;B½næ. smamaRténRsþIeFVIkarmanR)ak;ebovtSr_ enAkñúgvis½y]sSahkm μ³ cMnYnRsþIEdleFVIkarmanR)ak;QñÜl¼ R)ak;ebovtSr_enAkñúgvis½y]sSahkmμ KitCaPaKryeFobeTAnwgnieyaCiksrub. vis½y]sSahkmμrYmman karrkEr: nigkarvayfμ kmμnþsal sMNg; GKÁIsnI ]sμ ½n nigkarpÁt;pÁg;Twk EdlsßitkñúgEpñk 2-5 én niyamGnþrCatiéncMNat;fñak;tamvis½y (ISIC Revision 2) b¤RbePTtarag C-F (ISIC Revision 3). smamaRténRsþIeFVIkarmanR)ak;ebovtSr_enAkñúgvis½yesvakm μ³ cMnYnRsþIEdleFVIkarTTYlR)ak;QñÜl¼R)ak; ebovtSr_ enAkñúgvis½yesvakm μ KitCaPaKryeFobeTAnwgnieyaCiksrub. vis½yesvakmμrYmmanBaNiC¢km μ lk;dMu niglk;ray ePaCnIydæan nigsNæaKar kardwkCBa©Ún karelIkdak;¼rkSaTuk nigTUrKmnaKmn_

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hirBaØvtßú Fanara:b;rg; karTij¼lk;GclnRTBü esvakmμBaNiC¢km μ nigesvakmμsgÁm RBmTaMgesva pÞal;xøÜndéTeTot EdlsßitkñúgEpñk 6-9 rbs;niyamGnþrCatiéncMNat;fñak;tamvis½y (ISIC Revision 2) b¤RbePTtarag G-P (ISIC Revision 3). smamaRténGsn³rbs;RsþIenAkñúgsPaCati³ PaKryénGsn³Edlkan;kab;edayRsþIenAkñúgrdæsPa eFob eTAnwgcMnYnGsn³srubénrdæsPa. cMnYnGsn³Edlkan;kab;edayRsþIenAkñúgrdæsPa RtUv)anrab;bBa©Úl TaMgcMnYnsmaCikEdl)anCab;eqñat nigcMnYnsmaCikEdl)anEtgtaMg. smamaRtRsþICardæmRnþI rdæelxaFikar¼GnurdæelxaFikar GPi)alextþ nigGPi)alextþrg³ PaKryén®sþI EdlmanmuxtMENgCardæmRnþI rdæelxaFikar GnurdæelxaFikar GPi)alextþ nigGPi)alextþrg eFobeTA nigcMnYnsrubénm®nþIEdlmanmuxtMENgCardæm®nþI rdæelxaFikar GnurdæelxaFikar GPi)alextþ nig GPi)alextþrg. muxtMENgnimYy²sMedAeTAelIcMnYnsmaCik EdlRtUv)aneRCIserIs nigcMnYnsmaCik EdlRtUv)anEtgtaMgCMnYs. smamaRtRsþICasmaCikRkumRbwkSaXMu¼sgáat;³ PaKryénRsþIEdlmanmuxtMENg enAkñúgRkumRbwkSaXMu¼ sgáat; eFobeTAnwgsmaCikRkumRbwkSaXMu¼sgáat;srub. cMnYnsmaCikEdlmanmuxtMENgenAkñúgRkum RbwkSaXMu¼sgáat; sMedAeTAelIsmaCikEdl)anCab;eqñat nigcMnYnsmaCikEdlRtUv)anEtgtaMg.

Bakübec©keTsTak;Tinnwg KGsk4 nig5 mrNPaBkumareRkamGayu 5qñaM³ cMnYnkumarEdlsøab;cenøaHBIkarekItrhUtdl;munGayu 5qñaM rbs;xøÜn EdlRtUv)ankMNt;kñúgkMeNItrs;cMnYn 1000nak;.

mrNPaBTark³ cMnYnkumarEdlsøab;cenøaHBIkarekItrhUtdl;munGayu 1qñaM rbs;xøÜn EdlRtUv)ankMNt; kñúgkMeNItrs;cMnYn 1000nak;. PaKryénkumarRkin³ PaKryénkumarEdlmanTm¶n;elIsxusEbøkBIKMlatKMrU (Standard Deviation) cMnYn BIrdgeRkamsþg;dareyagmFüm (Median Reference Standard) sMrab;GayukumarenaH. kumarEdl)ancak;fñaMkarBarRKb;³ PaKryb¤cMnYnTarkEdlmanGayurhUtdl; 1qñaM Edl)ancak;fñaMkaBar RKb;cMnYnkarBarCm¶Wxan;søak; ettaNUs k¥kman; kRBa¢wl sVitédeCIg nigrebg. Cm¶WrlakTgsYtF¶n;F¶r³

- eRbv:aLg;³ PaKryénkumareRkamGayu 5qñaM Edlk¥knigdkdegIðmjab;kñúgry³eBlBIrs)þah_mun eBleFIVGegáttamkarBnül; nigraykarN_rbs;mþay.

- karBüa)al³ PaKryénkumar Edlk¥knigdkdegIðmjab;kñúgry³eBlBIrs)þah_knøgmk ehIyRtUv )anykeTAkan;esvaBüa)alNamYy nigPaKrykumarEdlRtUv)anykeTAmnIÞreBTürdæ.

mrNPaBmata³ cMnYnénkarsøab;mþaykñúg 100000 kMeNItkUn. karsøab;mþay KWCakarsøab;rbs; RsIþenAeBlmanKP’ b¤enAkñúgGMLúgeBl 42éf¶ énkarbBa©b;karmanépÞeBaH edayminKitBIry³eBl nigTI

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kEnøgénkarmanépÞeBaH edaysarmUlehtuNakIþEdlTak;Tinnwg b¤EdlRtUv)aneFIV[kan;EtF¶n;F¶reLIg edaysarkarmanépÞeBaH b¤karRKb;RKgeBlmanépÞeBaH b:uEnþminEmnedaysarmUlehtueRKaHfñak; b¤ ]b,tiþehtueLIy. buKÁliksuxaPi)alCMnaj³ evC¢bNiÐt ¬GñkÉkeTs b¤GñkminÉkeTs¦ b¤GñkTaMgLayNaEdlmanCMnaj xagq μbEdlGaccat;EcgkarsMralkUn nigeFIVeraKvinicä½ycat;Ecg b¤bBa¢ÚnkarsMralkUnEdlmanbBaða. TaMgqμbbUraN Edl)anTTYlkarhVwkhat; nigBMu)anTTYlkarhVwkhat;BMuRtUv)anrab;bBa©ÚleT. GRtalT§PaBpþl;kMeNItsrub³ cMnYnkUnCamFümEdlRsIþmñak;GacbegIátkñúgCIvitrbs;Kat; tamGayuCak; lak; EdlGacpþl;kMeNItkñúgeBlbc©úb,nñ. karEfTaMmuneBlsMralkUn³ PaKryénkMeNItenAkñúgry³eBl 5qñaM muneBleFIVGegát EdlkñúgenaHRsIþ)an TTYlnUvkarBieRKaHy:agticbMputmYydg elIkarEfTaMmuneBlsMralkUn CamYyGñkCMnajsuxaPi)al Edl CaevC¢bNiÐt Kilanubdæayika b¤qμb. kareRbImeFüa)ayBnüarkMeNItTMenIb³ PaKryénRsIþ nigbursEdlerobkar ehIy)anraykarN_BIkareRbI meFüa)ayTMenIbkarBarmin[mankUn Edlmann½yfa kareFIVElg[mankUncMeBaHburs¼RsIþ fñaMRKab; karBarmin[mankUn fñaMcak;karBarmin[mankUn kgdak;kñúgs,Ún eRsamGnam½yburs¼RsIþ snÞHkarcg éds,Ún b¤fñaMlabkarBarmin[mankUn (Contraceptive Jelly). PaKryénmþayEdlmanpleFobTMgn;eTAnwgkMBs;Tab³ PaKryénRsIþ EdlmanpleFobTMgn; eTAnwg kMBs;eRkam 18/5KILÚRkam¼Em:Rtkaer: EdlpleFobTMgn;eTAnwgkMBs; (BMI) CasUcnakrénsßanPaB GaharUbtßmÖmnusSeBjv½y EdlRtUv)ankMNt;edayTm¶n; KitCaKILÚRkamEcknwgkaer: énkMBs;KitCa Em:Rt. Bakübec©keTsTak;Tinnwg KGsk6 emeraKeGds_¼Cm¶WeGds_³ GRtaeRbv:aLg;énemeraKeGds_ kñúgcMeNammnusSeBjv½yGayuBI 15-49qñaM³ PaKryénmnusSeBj v½yGayu 15-49qñaM EdlqøgemeraKeGds_. eRbv:aLg;enH KWCakarbUkbNþak;nUvcMnYnGñkqøgemeraKenH taMgBIqñaMdMbUgénkarratt,atCamYynwgGRtaqøgfIμral;qñaM. GRtaeRbv:aLg;énemeraKeGds_kñúgcMeNamRsIþmanépÞeBaH EdlmanGayuBI 15-24qñaM )anBinitüépÞeBaH munsMral³ PaKryénKMrUsMNakQam)anBIRsIþmanépÞeBaHGayu 15-24qñaM EdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_. GRtaeRbIeRsamGnam½yénGRtaeRbv:aLg;karBarmin[mankUn³ cMnYnRsIþGayu 15-49qñaM EdlrYmesB sn§v³CamYybIþRbBn§ b¤minCamYybIþRbBn§ edayeRbIeRsamGnam½yCameFüa)aykarBarmin[mankUn Kit CasmamaRténGñkEdleRbITaMgGs; b¤GñkEdlmanédKUCaGñkeRbIRbePT énmeFüa)aykarBarmin[man kUn rbs;RkumGayudUcKña nigsßanPaBKURskr. ¬min)andak;bBa©ÚlkñúgbBaI¢sUcnakreT¦.

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GRtaeRbIeRsamGnam½y kñúgcMeNamGñkrksIupøÚvePT kñúgeBlrYmePTcugeRkay³ PaKryRsIþrksIupøÚvePT EdleRbIeRsamGnam½yCamYyGtifiCn kñúgeBlrYmePTcugeRkay. PaKryényuvCnGayuBI 15-24qñaM Edl)anraykarN_BIkareRbIeRsamGnam½y kñúgeBlrYmePTCamYy édKUmineTogTat;³ cMnYnyuvCnGayuBI 15-24qñaM Edl)aneRbIeRsamGnam½ykñúgeBlrYmePTCamYyédKU epSgBIRbBn§ b¤sgSarrbs;xøÜn kñúgcMeNamyuvCn 100nak;. smamaRténkareRbIeRsamGnam½y Edl)anraykarN_edayRsIþmanbIþ EdldwgfaxøÜnsißtkñúgsßanPaB eRKaHfñak;³ PaKryRsIþmanbIþ EdlsißtkñúgsßanPaBeRKaHfñak;edayemeraKeGds_ EdleRbIeRsamGnam½y kñúgeBlrYmePTCamYybIþrbs;xøÜn. PaKryénRsIþBinitüépÞeBaHmunsMral EdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ehIy)ancUlrYmkñúgkm μviFIbgáarkarqøg BImþayeTAkUn³ cMnYnRsIþBinitüépÞeBaHmunsMral EdlmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ ehIy)ancUlrYmkñúgkm μviFI bgáarkarqøgBImþayeTAkUn kñúgcMeNam®sþImanépÞeBaHpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 100nak;. PaKryénGñkCMgWeGds_ Edl)anTTYlfñaM ARV RbqaMgnwgemeraKeGds_³ cMnYnkñúgcMeNamGñkCMgWeGds_ 100nak; Edl)anTTYlkarBüa)aleday ARV RbqaMgnwgemeraKeGds_ edIm,ITb;sáat;karvivtþn_én Cm¶WeGds_.

Cm¶WRKuncaj; nigRKunQam³ GRtasøab;edaysarCm¶WRKuncaj; Edl)anraykarN_edayvis½ysuxaPi)alsaFarN³ cMnYnGñksøab; edaysarRKuncaj; kñúgcMeNamGñksøab;TaMgGs; Edl)anraykarN_edayvis½ysuxaPi)alsaFarN³. smamaRténRbCaCn enAtMbn;manCMgWRKuncaj;x<s; EdleRbImugRClk;fñaMkalBIyb;knøgmk³ cMnYnkñúg cMeNamRbCaCn 100nak; éntMbn;eRKaHfñak;;x<s;edayCMgWRKuncaj; EdleRbImugRClk;fñaMkalBIyb;knøg mk edIm,IkarBarmUsxaM. cMnYnGñkCm¶WRKuncaj; Edl)anTTYlkarBüa)al enAkñúgvis½ysuxaPi)alsaFarN³ kñúg 1000 nak;³ cMnYnGñkCm¶WRKuncaj; EdlRtUv)anBüa)alenAkñúgvis½ysuxaPi)alsaFarN³kñúg 1000nak; eFobnwgGñk CMgWTaMgGs;. smamaRt énesvasuxPaBsaFarN³ EdlGacbBa¢ak; BIeraKvinicä½yCm¶WRKuncaj;)anCak;lak; 95° tam rUbmnþCati³ cMnYnesvasuxPaBsaFarN³ EdlGacbBa¢ak;eraKvinicä½yCm¶WRKuncaj;)anCak;lak; 95° tam rUbmnþCati kñúgcMeNam 100esvasuxPaBsaFarN³. cMnYnGñkCm¶WRKunQam Edl)anTTYlkarBüa)al enAkñúgvis½ysuxaPi)alsaFarN³ kñúg 1000 nak;³ cMnYnGñkCm¶WRKunQam EdlRtUv)anBüa)alenAkñúgvis½ysuxaPi)alsaFarN³ kñúg 1000nak; eFobnwg GñkCMgWTaMgGs;.

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GRtasøab;edaysarCm¶WRKunQam Edl)anraykarN_BIvis½ysuxaPi)alsaFarN³ cMnYnGñksøab;eday sarCm¶WRKunQam kñúgcMeNamGñksøab;TaMgGs; Edl)anraykarN_edayvis½ysuxaPi)alsaFarN³.

Cm¶Wrebg³ GRtaeRbv:aLg;énCm¶WrebgsYtvIC¢man BK kñúg 100 000nak;³ cMnYnGñkCm¶Wrebg kñúgRbCaCn 100000 nak;. GRtasøab;edaysarCm¶Wrebgkñúg 100 000nak;³ cMnYnGñksøab;edaysarCm¶Wrebg kñúgRbCaCn 100000 nak;. smamaRténGñkEdl)an):an;s μanfa mankrNICm¶WrebgsYtvIC¢man BKfμ I )anrkeXIjeRkam karBüa)al edaymankarRtYtBinitüpÞal; (DOTS)³ PaKryénGñkeTIbqøgCm¶WrebgfI μ² Edl)an):an;sμaneRkam yuT§sa®sþénkarBüa)al edaymankarRtYtBinitüpÞal; (DOTS) ¬GgÁkarsuxPaBBiPBelak¦. smamaRténGñkCm¶WrebgsYtviC¢man BK Edl)ankt;Rta ehIy)anBüa)alRbkbedayeCaKC½y eRkam karBüa)al edaymankarRtYtBinitüpÞal;; (DOTS)³ PaKryénGñkCm¶W EdlRtUv)anBüa)alCasHes,Iy nigPaKryénGñkEdl)anTTYlkarBüa)aleBjelj eFobnwgGñkCMgWTaMgGs;Edl)ankt;Rta.

Bakübec©keTsTak;Tinnwg KGsk7 KMrbéRB³ smamaRténépÞdIEdlRKbdNþb;edayéRBeQI KWCacMENkmYyénéRBeQIenAkñúgépÞdIsrub. RbePTéRBeQI³ éRBeRsagRkas; éRBeRsagesþIg éRBeRsagduHedaydMu éRBBak;kNþaleRsagRkas; éRBBak;kNþal eRsagesþIg éRBBak;kNþaleRsagduHedaydMu éRBel,aH éRBel,aHduHedaydMu éRBduH eLIgvij éRBlicTwk duHeLIgvij éRBlicTwk éRBekagkag éRBdaM éRBlicTwkduHedaydMu. RbePTminEmnéRB³ éRBKem<aFébtgCanic© vales μA b¤sSI éRBKem<ats¶Üt éRBKem<aFlicTwk ksikm μ Bencr (<30%) ksikm μBencr (>30%) dIksikm μ dITMenrKMrbrukçCati f μ TIRkug¼RbCMuCn dIesIm BBk nig epSg²eTot. tMbn;GPirkS³ PaKryénépÞdIsrubénRbeTs. vaCaépÞdInig¼b¤épÞsmuRT EdlRtUv)anRbKl;CUnCaBiess dl;karkarBar nigEfrkSaCIvsaRsþcMruH nigFnFanTak;TinnwgFmμCati nigvb,Fm’. ]TüanCati ¬RbePT IUCN TI 2¦³ tMbn;Fm μCatinigmanTsSnIyPaBl¥Edlmansar³sMxan;sMrab; témøxag viTüasaRsþ Gb;rM nig kMsanþ. CRmkstVéRB ¬RbePT IUCNTI 4¦³ tMbn;FmμCatiEdlenATIenaHRbePTrukçCati nigstVsMxan;² shKmn_Fm μCati b¤lkçN³Biess tMrUveGaymanGnþraKmn_Cak;lak;edIm,Ikarsißtesßrrbs;xøÜn. tMbn; licTwkekaHkaBi nigRbCMuekaH enACMrkstVéRBBam Rkesab ¬12 000 hikta¦ RtUv)ankMNt;CatMbn; rMuasar.

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eTsPaBGPirkS ¬RbePT IUCNTI 5¦³ eTsPaBFmμCati nigBak;kNþalFmμCati Edlmansar³sMxan; kñúglkçN³CatiEdlRtUvEtEfrkSa edIm,I pþl;»kasdl;karkMsanþ. tMbn;BhuplRbeyaCn_ ¬RbePT IUCN TI 8¦³ tMbn;EdlTukbMrugsMrab;kareRbIR)as;RbkbedaynirnþrPaB énFnFanTwk eQI stVéRB RtI TIcMNIstV nigkarkMsanþ edaymanGPirkSFmμCati EdlsMedACasMxan; elIkarKaMRTnUvskmμPaBesdækic©TaMgenH. tMbn;BhuplRbeyaCn_Tenøsab)an RtUvcat;TukCatMbn;bMrug EdnCIv³TImYyrbs;RbeTskm<úCa kñúgqñaM1997. cMENkbwgq μaréntMbn;BhuRbeyaCn_Tenøsab ¬28000 hikta¦ KWRtUv)an cat;TukCatMbn;rMuasar. tMbn;raMusar³ TIkEnøgBIrenAkñúgRbePT IUCN TI 4 nigTI 8 xagelInigTIkEnøgmYyenAcMBak;kNþalbeNþay TenøemKgÁ kñúgcenøaHextþswÞgERtg nigRBMRbTl;EdnCamYyLav. CMrkRtI³ tMbn;épÞelIénGPirkSsMrab;RbePTRtITwksab nigRtIsmuRT. smamaRténRbCaCn EdlmanlT§PaBeRbIR)as;RbkbedaynirnþrPaB nUvRbPBTwkEdlRtUv)anEklMG ¬TIRbCMuCn nigCnbT¦³ PaKryénRbCaCn EdleRbIR)as;RbePTpÁt;pÁg;TwksMrab;pwkNamYy dUcteTA enH³ Twkm:asIun Twkm:asIunsaFarN³ GNþÚgsñb; GNþÚgEdlmankarkarBar TwkecjBIeRkamdIEdlman karkarBar nigTwkePøog. RbPBTwkEklMGEdlminRtUv)anrab;bBa©ÚlrYmmanTwklk; Twkdb Twkdwktam rfynþ nigGNþÚg EdlminmankarkarBar nigTwkecjBIeRkamdI. smamaRténRbCaCnEdlmanlT§PaBTTYlbgÁn;Gnam½yRbesIreLIg ¬TIRbCMuCn nigCnbT¦³ PaKry énRbCaCn EdlmanlT§PaBTTYlbgÁn; Edldak;r)aMgRbkbedayGnam½ycMeBaHlamkmnusS min[man karb:HBal;edaymnusSstV nigstVli¥t. bgÁn;TaMgenHKWCaRbB½n§lUbgðÚr b¤CaRbB½n§GagbgÁn;cak;Twk bgÁn;reNþAsamBaØ b¤bgÁn;reNþAsamBaØEdlRtUv)anEklMG[manxül;ecjcUl ehIybgÁn;TaMgGs;enH minEmnCarbs;saFarN³ b¤EckKñaeRbIeLIy. smamaRténRKYsarEdlmanlT§PaBkan;kab;dIRbkbedaysuvtißPaB³ RKYsarEdlCam©as; b¤EdlkMBugTij pÞH nigmankm μsiTi§dIFøI. tMbn; {CnbT{ nig {TIRbCMuCn{³ niymn½ypøÚvkarén {TIRbCMuCn{ rbs;CMerOnRbCaCn qñaM1998 elIkeLIg fadg;sIuetRbCaCnEdl elIs 200nak; kñúgmYyKWLÚEm:Rtkaer: b¤cMnYYnRbCaCnsrubkñúgXMuelIsBI 2000 nak; ¬BnWøfIμsIþBInKrUbnIykm μkñúgqñaM 2003 viC¢asßanCatisißti RksYgEpnkar qñaM2003¦. tMbn;CnbT mann½y faCatMbn;EdlmanRbCaCnticCag b¤esIμ 200 nak;kñúgmYyKILÚEm:Rtkaer:.

Bakübec©keTsTak;Tinnwg KGsk8 karsMralbMNulEdl)anebþCJaeFVIenAeRkamKMnitpþÜcepþIménbNþaRbeTsRkIRkCMBak;bMNulF¶n;F¶r³ kare)aH bg;ecalR)ak;kMcI EdlCaEpñkmYyénCMnYyGPivDÆn_pøÚvkarenAeRkamKMnitpþÜcepþImsþIBIbMNul sMrab;bNþa

120

RbeTsRkIRkCMBak;bMNulF¶n;F¶r. KMnitpþÜcepþImenHKWCaviFIsaRsþd¾TUlMTUlaydMbUgmYy edIm,Ikat;bnßy bMNulBIxageRkArbs;bNþaRbeTsRkIRkbMputenAelIBiPBelakEdlCaRbeTsCMBak;bMNuld¾F¶n;F¶r. esvakmμbMNulsrub³ plbUkénkarTUTat;sgvijsrub nigkarR)ak;EdlRtUvsgCarUbiyvtßúbreTs sgCaTMnij b¤esvakmμsMrab;bMNulry³eBlEvg ¬manry³eBleRcInCagmYyqñaM¦ karR)ak;RtUvsgelI bMNulry³eBlxøI nigkarTUTat;sgeTA[mUniFirUbiyb½NÑGnþrCati. KN³kmμaFikarCMnYyGPivDÆn_³ KN³kmμaFikarrbs;GgÁkarshRbtibtþikaresdækic© nigGPivDÆn_EdledaH RsayBIkic©karshRbtibtþikarGPivDÆn_. cMnUlCatisrub³ plbUkéntMélbEnßm edayGñkplitkñúgRsukTaMgGs;énesdækic© bUknigBn§elIplitpl NamYy ¬dk]btßmÖkFn¦ minbBa©ÚlkarbBa©úHtMélR)ak;énlT§pl bUknigcMnUlsuT§éncMNUldMbUg ¬kar TUTat;sgnieyaCwk nigcMnUlBIRTBüsm,itþ¦ BIbreTs. tMélbEnßm KWCalT§plsuT§én]sSahkmμmYy eRkayBIbUkrYménlT§plTaMgGs; ehIydkecjnUvFnFanGnþrkarI.

cMnucsMerccitþénbNþaRbeTsRkIRkCMBak;bMNulF¶n;F¶r³ kalbriecäTenAeBlbNþaRbeTsRkIRkCMBak; bMNulF¶n;F¶r )anbegáItkarkt;RtaXøaMemIlBIsñaédl¥eRkamkm μviFIEktMrUv EdlebþCJaKaMRTedaymUlniFi rUbiyvtßúGnþrCati nigFnaKarBiPBelak eRkamKMnitpþÜcepþImsþIBIbMNulsMrab;bNþaRbeTsRkIRkCMBak; bMNulF¶n;F¶r edIm,IeFVIkMENTMrg;EfmeTot nigedIm,IbegáIt nigGnuvtþyuT§saRsþkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk.

karbMeBjlkçx½NÐnanaénbNþaRbeTsRkIRkCMBak;bMNulF¶n;F¶r ¬HIPC¦³ kalbriecäTEdlRbeTsNamYy edayrYmmanKMnitpþÜcepþImsIþBIbMNulsMrab; HIPCs EdlbMeBjlkçx½NÐkMENTMrg;sMxan;² Rbkbeday eCaKC½ydUcEdl)anyl;RBmelIcMnucénkarsMerccitþ HIPCs edayrYmmankarerobcM nigkarGnuvtþn_ yuTæsaRsþkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk. eBlenaHRbeTsenHTTYl)annUvkBa©b;énkarsMralbMNulenAeRkamKMnit pþÜcepþIm HIPCs edayKμanlkçx½NÐeKalneya)ayepSgeTot.

CMnYyGPivDÆn_pøÚvkar (ODA)³ R)ak;pþl;[ b¤kMcIeTA[bNþaRbeTsnigEdndI EdlmanenAkñúgEpñkTI1 énbBa¢Irbs;KN³kmμaFikarCMnYyGPivDÆn_sIþBIGñkTTYlCMnYy ¬bNþaRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_¦ Edl³ ¬k¦Rbkan;ykvis½ypøÚvkar ¬x¦elIktMekIgkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© nigsuxumalPaBCaeKalbMNgsMxan; ¬K¦yl;RBmelIlkçx½NÐsm,TanhirBaØvtßú [ebIkMcImanlkçN³CaR)ak;pþl;[ ¬q.v.¦ ya:gticbMput25°]. elIsBIenHeTAeTot cMeBaHlMhUrhirBaØvtßú kic©shRbtibtiþkarxagbec©keTs ¬q.v.¦ RtUv)andak;bBa©ÚleTA kñúgCMnYy. R)ak;pþl;[ kMcI nig\NTannanasMrab; eKalbMNgeyaFaminRtUvKitbBa©ÚleT.

kUta³ kardak;kMritelIbrimaNplitpl EdlshRKasmYyRtUv)anGnuBaØati[lk; b¤RbeTsenaH RtUv)an GnuBaØati[naMcUl.

]btßmÖkFn³ karsgR)ak;edayrdæaPi)aleTA[plitkrplitTMnijnigesvakm μnana.

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Bn§CamFümelIplitplksikmμvaynP½NÐ nigsMelokbMBak;BIbNþaRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_³ GRtaBn§ mFümelIkarnaMcUl plitplksikmμ ¬plitplksikm μeFVIBIstV nigrukçCati rYmman dMNaMrukçCati b:uEnþminbBa©Úl eQInigplitplRtIeT¦ vaynP½NÐ nigsMelokbMBak; ¬rYmman plitplsésFmμCati nigeFVIedaymnusS sMPar³eFVIBIsURt nigEpñkénsMelokbMBak;eFVIBIsURt¦ BIbNþaRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_. GRtaBnæbEnßmEdl)aneRbI edayrYmmanRbeTsTTYlkarGnueRKaHbMput nigGRtasMrab;RbeTsminTTYl karGnueRKaHbMput. GRtaBn§³ BnæelIkarnaMcUledayrdæaPi)alEdldak;eTAelIRbeTsnaMcUl. Bakübec©keTsTak;Tinnwg KGsk9

RKab;mIn³ CaRKab;rMesvEdleKeRKageLIg edIm,Idak;BIeRkam BIelI b¤Ek,rdI b¤kEnøgEdlmanépÞrabesμ IdéT eTot edIm,IeGaypÞúHeLIgenAeBlmanvtþman karcUleTACit b¤karb:HBal;BImnusS b¤rfynþ. RKab;yuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH (UXO)³ CaRKab;yuT§P½NÐEdl)an)aj; )aneqHedayminpÞúH eRtompÞúH b¤eRtom sMrab;eRbIR)as; b¤RtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;. RKab;TaMgenHGacRtUv)an)aj;ecjBIkaNug TMlak;BIynþehaH RKEvg Kb; b¤ecal b:uEnþ enAminTan;pÞúHbNþalmkBIKaMg mindMeNIrkareTAtamkareRKagTuk b¤edayehtu plepSg²eTot. karedaHmIn³ Caskm μPaBEdlQaneTArkkarykecjnUvRKab;mIn nig UXO EdlmaneRKaHfñak; karRsav RCav karKUsbøg;EpnTI kare)assMGat kardak;pøaksBaØa karerobcMÉksareRkaykare)assMGat kar TMnak;TMngskmμPaBkMcat;mIntamshKmn_ nigkarRbKl;dIEdl)ane)assMGatmInrYc. karedaHmInGac RtUv)anGnuvtþedayGgÁkarepSg²dUcCa GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al Rkumh‘unBaNiC¢km μ RkumskmμPaBkMcat;mIn rbs;Cati b¤GgÁPaBeyaFa. karedaHmInGacEp¥kelIeKalkarN_caM)ac;bnÞan; nigeKalkarN_GPivDÆn_. skmμPaBkMcat;mIn³ skm μPaBkMcat;mInenARbeTskm<úCa sMedAeTAelIskm μPaBTaMgLay Edlman bMNgkat;bnßyplb:HBal;dl;sgÁm esdækic© nigbriyakas EdlbgáeLIgedayRKab;mIn nigUXO. vtßúbMNgénskmμPaBkMcat;mIn KWedIm,Ikat;bnßyeRKaHfñak;edaysarmIn eGaydl;kMritmYy EdlRbCaCn Gacrs;enAedaysuvtißPaB ehIykarGPivDÆn_esdækic© sgÁm nigsuxaPi)al GacGPivDÆn_eLIgedayBMuman karRBYy)armÖGMBIRKab;mIn nigCabMNgR)afñarbs;CnBikar. CnrgeRKaHedaysarmIn¼yuT§P½NÐminTan;pÞúH³ mnusSEdlrbYsedaypÞal; b¤Rbeyal søab; b¤minsøab; edaysarmIn nigRKab;minTan;pÞúHenARbeTskm<úCa enAcenøaHqñaM1979 mkTl;bc©úb,nñ rYmTaMgGñkTaMg LayEdlrgrbYsenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa k¾b:uEnþ )anBüa)alenARbeTséf Lav b¤RbeTsevotNam. karCYyseRgÁaHCnBikar³ niyaysMedAelICMnYyRKb;RbePT manCMnYyedIm,ICYysMralkarlM)ak karlYg elamelIkTwkcitþ nigKaMRTdl;CnrgeRKaH ¬rYmTaMgGñkmanCIvitenArs;¦ kñúgeKalbMNgedIm,Ikat;bnßyCa bnÞan; nigkarBüa)alry³eBlyUr nigeRbIcitþsaRsþ EdlTak;Tgdl;muxrbYsrbs;BYkeK.

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]bsm<½n§ x viFIsaRsþénkareRCIserIssUcnakr nigcMNucedA kareRCIserIssUcnakr nigcMNucedAén KGsk

sUcnakrén KGsk sMedAERbkøay KGs [manlkçN³km<úCa eBalKWedIm,IqøúHbBa©aMgBItfPaB nigGaTiPaBkñúgRsuk. sUcnakrén KGsk RtUv)ankMNt;edayeRbIviFIsaRsþdUcxageRkam³ 1> TImYy³ cMNuccab;epIþm Ep¥keTAelIRbePTéncMNucedAcMnYn 18 nigsUcnakrcMnYn 48 EdlRtUv)anesIñ

eLIgedayGgÁkarshRbCaCatisMrab;eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_. cMNucedA nigsUcnakrTaMgenH manlkçN³smehtuplbMput edaysarvaRtUv)aneRCIserIsedayshKmn_GnþrCati edIm,IqøúHbBa©aMg nUveKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_ enAkñúgRbeTsPaKeRcIn ehIyvaGnuBaØati[mankareRbobeFobCa GnþrCati.

2> TIBIr³ bBaI¢sUcnakr b¤cMNucedAcMnYnbYneTot)anRtUvBicarNa edIm,IsMercfaetIsUcnakr EdlmanenA kñúgbBa¢ITaMgenHKYrRtUv)anbEnßm EkERb b¤lubecal³ ¬1¦bBaI¢sUcnakrénPaBRkIRk PaBgayrgeRKaH nigvismPaB (PVI) EdlsUcnakrTaMgenH tMNag[kic©RbwgERbgedayGgÁPaBbec©keTstamdan nig viPaKPaBRkIRk edIm,IeFIV[manlkçN³smRsbkñúgRsuk nUvsUcnakrTaMgLayEdlTak;TinnwgPaB RkIRk PaBgayrgeRKaH nigvismPaB ¬2¦bBaI¢sUcnakr Edl®tUv)aneRbIkñúgEpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© sgÁmkic©5qñaMelIkTIBIr (SEDPII)/ ¬3¦bBaI¢sUcnakrEdlRtUv)aneRbIkñúgyuT§saRsþCatikat;bnßyPaB RkIRk (NPRS) ¬4¦bBaI¢sUcnakrdéTeTot EdlRtUv)aneRbIenAkñúgEpnkartamvis½yBak;B½n§.

3> TIbI³ karBieRKaHeyabl; RtUv)aneFVIeLIgCamYyPaKIBak;B½n§sMxan;² rYmmanRksYgBak;B½n§ tMNag GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al nigsgÁmsIuvil nigGñkpþl;CMnYy. karBieRKaHeyabl;TaMgenaH RtUv)aneFIV eLIgenAPñMeBj nigextþcMnYnbI.

kareRCIserIssUcnakrminEmnCakargayRsYleLIyedayRtUveFIVeLIgy:aglM)akbMput. lkçN³vinicä½yEdlRtUv)aneRbIsMrab;kareRCIserIssUcnakr mandUcxageRkam³ − Bak;B½n§eTAnwgeKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_. − qøúHbBa©aMgnUvsßanPaBCak;Esþg CaKnwøHrbs;km<úCa. − CasUcnakrlT§pl nigplb:HBal;. sUcnakrFnFan sUcnakrdMeNIrkar nigsUcnakrlT§pl min

RtUv)aneRCIserIseLIy. − kareRbIR)as;edayEp¥kelIÉksarsMxan;²dUcCa EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©sgÁmkic© 5qñaM elIkTIBIr

yuT§saRsþCatikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk yuT§saRsþcMbg² nigEpnkarCaKnwøHtamvis½y.

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− TTYl)ankarKaMRTPaKeRcIn BIPaKIBak;B½n§sMxan;². − cMnYnsUcnakrenAmankMrit EdlepþatelIGaTiPaBmYycMnYn nigedIm,IKitKUrBIkarlM)akxagbec©keTs

sßab½n nighirBaØvtßú énkartamdan KGs enAkñúgRbeTs. − karmanTinñn½yxagbrimaN EdlGacTukcitþ)ansMrab;karKNnasUcnakr. cMeBaHTsSn³énKuNPaB

b¤sßab½n GefrtMNagbrimaNRtUv)ankMNt;eLIgehIyvanwgGaRs½yelIr)aykarN_ KGs eBl GnaKt edIm,Idak;lT§plxagbrimaN eTAkñúgTsSn³vis½yd¾TUlMTUlaymYy edIm,IkMNt;nUvPaBeCOn elOneq<aHeTAsMerc KGs.

kñúgkareRCIserIssUcnakr KGsk epþImecjeLIgedaykarkMNt;tMél nigcMNucedACamUldæan eBalKWkMritEdlcg;)ansUcnakr KGsk tamlMdab;qñaM. Tinñn½yénsUcnakrqñaMmUldæan PaKeRcIncab; epþImenAqñaM1997 b¤qñaMNamYy EdlmanTinñn½ysMrab;sUcnakrPaKeRcInrbs; KGsk. eBlevlabI RtUv)ankMNt;yk KWqñaM2005 2010 nig2015. qñaM2015 KWCa eBlevlakMNt;cugeRkaysMrab; KGs. qñaM2005 KWCary³eBlkMNt; rbs;EpnkarGPivDÆn_ esdækic©-sgÁmkic© 5qñaM elIkTIBIr nig yuT§saRsþCatikat;bnßyPaBkIRk. qñaM2010 pþl;nUvcMNucCamFümmYy. cMNucedAritEtmanlkçN³lM)akkñúgkarkMNt; edaysarvaGacqøúHbBa©aMgnUvplRbeyaCn_pÞúyKña nigmankMrit edaysarBt’manminsuRkit. KYrcgcaMfa ¬1¦eTaHbIvalM)akkIþ karkMNt;cMNucedA KWCa RbkarcaM)ac; edIm,IkMNt;y:agc,as;nUvGaTiPaBsMrab;skm μPaB nigedIm,Ivas;EvgPaBeCOnelOneq<aHeTA kan;eKaledAEdlcg;)an ¬2¦karGnuvtþn_enH KWCaEpñkmYyénviFIsa®sþtamvis½y (Sector-wide-

Approach) EdlkñúgenaHcMNucedAGacRtUv)anEkERb enAeBlEdlBt’manRtUv)anEklMG. kñúgxN³enH cMNucedARtUv)ankMNt;edaymankarBicarNaelIktþamYycMnYndUcxageRkam³ − cMNucedAEdlRtUv)ankMNt;kñúgbBaI¢sUcnakrén KGs Edl)anesIñeLIgedayGgÁkarshRbCaCati. − cMNucedAEdlRtUv)ankMNt;kñúgyuT§saRsþGPivDÆn_CaKnwøH ¬EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic©-sgÁmkic© 5qñaM

elIkTIBIr yuT§saRsþCatikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk yuT§saRsþ nigEpnkartamvis½y¦. − PaBR)akdniyméncMNucedA EdlRtUv)anvaytémøelImUldæanén 1¦kareRbobeFobcMNucedA nig

karvivtþn_énninñakarsUcnakr 2¦karvaytémøelIkMriténkic©RbwgERbgedayraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa edIm,I EksMrYlninñakarGMBIkarqøúHbBa©aMgeTAelIkm μviFIeKalneya)ay nigfvika ¬3¦eyabl;rbs;GñkÉk eTstamvis½y Edlmankaryl;dwgBIPaBCak;Esþgrbs;km<úCa.

− PaBsuIKñacMeBaHcMNucedA nigtamlMdab;qñaM. − karmanTinñn½yEdlGacTukcitþ)an.

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eRkABITidæPaBxagKuNPaB b¤sßab½n cMNucedAEdltMNag[GefrxagbrimaNRtUv)ankMNt;eday Ep¥kelImUldæan énkarvinicä½yedayRby½tñRbEyg rbs;GñkÉkeTstamvis½y nigTinñn½yEdlman. esckþIvinicä½yRbkbedaykarRbugRby½tñ nwgRtUveFVIeLIg edIm,IvaytémøeTAelIPaBeCOnelOnEdlsMerc )anrbs;sUcnakr KGsk. bEnßmelIkareRCIserIssUcnakr nigkarkMNt;cMNucedA ninñakarsMrab;GnaKt RtUv)an)a:n;RbmaN cMeBaHsUcnakrTaMgLay edayEp¥kelIdMeNIrkarénkarKNnalIenEG‘r (Linear Extrapolation) BIninña karknøgmk. vaCaRbkarc,as;las;Nas; EdlfamancMNucxVHxatCaeRcIn Tak;TinnwgkarKNnaBnøat Tinñn½ysißtiedaybMRBYj ehIyEdlCYnkalminGacTukcitþ)an. mü:agvijeTot vaTMngCamanEpñkmin lIenEG‘rsMxan;²mYycMnYneTot cMeBaHninñakarnana EdlsßitkñúgPaBminR)akd EdlesñI[mankarRbug Rby½tñx<s;enAeBlEdleFVIkarviPaK. eTaHCay:agenHkIþ k¾karKNnalIenEG‘renH RtUvpþl;nUvtémøRbhak; RbEhl nigGacERbRbYltamTisedAEdleFIVeLIg edayRkumbec©keTsCatienAkm<úCa. elIsBIenHeTot karkMNt;KMlatrvagninñakar nigcMNucedA va)anpþþl;nUvKMnitGMBIbrimaNénFnFanEdlRtUvkar edIm,IsMerc [)annUvcMNucedAEdl)ankMNt;.

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]bsm<½n§ K viFIsaRsþKNnasnÞsSn_én KGsk

snÞsSn_rYmTaMgLay)anRtUvKNnasMrab; KGsk nImYy²edIm,IvaytémøelIkarEbgEcktam extþ¼Rkug. témøsnÞsSn_TaMgenH tMNag[snÞsSn_EdlRtUv)anføwgEføgesμI²Kña énRKb;sUcnakrTaMgGs; sMrab; KGsk EdlmanTinñn½y. snÞsSn_rYmCalT§pltMNag[rUbPaBbMEbkmYy (Disaggregate Picture) rbs;sßanPaBRbeTs Tak;TinnwgkarkMNt;sUcnakrNamYysMrab; KGsk. lT§plénkareFIVEbbenHGnuBaØati[mankareFIV cMNat;fñak;extþ¼RkugCabIRbePT EdltMNageGaysßanPaBRbesIr mFüm nigGn;CageK EdleyageTA tamsßanPaBCak;Esþgrbs;extþTaMgenaH. karKNnasnÞsSn_sMrab; KGsk mandUcxageRkam³ 1> RbRktInIykm μéntémøsUcnakr (NIVi) sUcnakrTaMgGs;RtUv)aneFIVRbRktInIykm μ edayeRbIrUbmnþdUcxageRkam³

)()(

jiji

jijii MinVIMaxVI

MinVIVINIV

−

−=

Edl i: cMnYnsUcnakr, i = 1 ….n

j: cMnYnextþ¼Rkug, j = 1 …24

NIV : RbRktInIykm μéntémøsUcnakr

VI: témøénsUcnakr (i) enAkñúgextþ¼Rkug (j)

MinVI: témøGb,brmaénsUcnakr (i) enAkñúgextþ¼Rkug (j) MaxVI: témøGtibrmaénsUcnakr (i) enAkñúgextþ¼Rkug (j)

cMnYnénsUcnakr (i) manlkçN³xus²Kñatamextþ¼RkugeyagtamTinñn½yEdlman. snÞsSn_TaMgenHRtUv)anKNnaelIextþ-RkugcMnYn 24 (j) 2> plbUksUcnakrTaMgGs;EdlRtUv)aneFIVRbRktInIykm μ (NIVi) nigkarEcktamcMnYnrbs;sUcnakr témøsnÞsSn_ERbRbYlBI 0 ¬sßanPaBGaRkk;bMput¦ eTA 1 ¬sßanPaBl¥bMput¦. enAeBlEdlsUcnakr tMNag[sßanPaB {GviC¢man} ¬]TahrN_ PaBRkIRk¦ témøEdlRtUv)aneFIVRbRktInIykm μ RtUv)andak; bRBa©as;mkvij edIm,IiGaceFVIkarbUksrubCamYynigsUcnakrdéTeTot (1 - NIVi). ]TahrN_ kñúgkrNI KGsk4 sIþBImrNPaBrbs;kumar sUcnakrcMnYnbYn dUcteTAenH RtUv)an eRbIenAkñúgkarKNnasnÞsSn_rYm³ ¬1¦GRtamrNPaBkumareRkamGayu5qñaM ¬2¦GRtamrNPaBTark

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¬3¦smamaRténkumarGayu 6-59Ex Edl)anTTYlfñaMvItamInGa ¬4¦smamaRténmþay Edlcab;epIþm bMe)AedaHTarkEdleTIbnwgekIt kñúgry³eBl1em:agénkMeNIt. kñúgkrNIsUcnakrTaMgBIrcugeRkay Edl tMNag[sßanPaB {viC¢man{ extþ¼RkugnimYy² RtUv)ankMNt;témøkñúgcenøaHrvagelx 0 nig 1 edayEp¥k elIsmiT§iplrbs;extþ¼RkugnimYy² eFobnwgextþ¼RkugdéTeTot ¬RtUv)anKNnatamrUbmnþ Edl)an bgðajxagelI¦. kñúgkrNIsUcnakrBIrxagedIm {¬1¦ nig ¬2¦} EdltMNag[sßanPaB {GviC¢man{ témø RtUv)ankMNt;tamrUbmnþdUcKña b:uEnþbnÞab;mkRtUv)andak;bRBa©as; edayyk 1 dkecjnUvtémøTaMgenaH (1-NIVi). karcaM)ac;kñúgkareFIVdUecñH KWedIm,I[extþTaMgLayNaEdlmantémøx<s;bMput ]TahrN_ cMeBaH mrNPaBkumar TTYltémøTabbMputmkvijenAkñúgsnÞsSn_rYm. bnÞab;BIkardak;bRBa©as;tamviFIenH eKGac bUksrub nigeFIVmFümPaKelIsUcnakrTaMgbYn.

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