iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudK jHjidhlhska i|ydldrAusl ie,iqï wdrlaIKh ms<sn| ye|skajSula

jjHHddmmddrr ii||yydd nn qq oo aaêêuuhh ffoo aamm,,

uuddrr AAff..`̀mmffoo aaYY uudd,,ddjj

fyd| fmkqula

2wxl:

1

nqoaêuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixjsOdkh ^WIPO& u.ska m%ldYhg m;a lrkq

,nk jHdmdr i|yd nqoaêuh foam, kï jq udrAf.damfoaYk ud,dfõ fojekak

f,i fuu fmd;a msxp ft,s olS' fuu.ska NdKav j, “ldrAusl ie,iqï” ms<sn|j

wjOdkh fhduq flfrA' ldrAñl ie,iqu NdKAvhl fj<|m, idrA:l;ajh

flfrys n,mdk m%Odk wx.hls' nqoaêuh foam, ms<sn| kS;sh hgf;a ldrAusl

ie,iqï, NdKAvhl ndysr fmkqu yd l,d;aul nj yd neÿkq ixl,amhls'

fuu.ska NdKavh flfrys mdrsfNda.slhka wdlrAIKh lr .ekSu is\qjk w;r

fj<|mf,ys wksl=;a ;rÕldrs NdKAv wNsnjd mdrsfNda.slhkaf.a f;arSu njg

NdKavh m;aùug fya;= fõ' ldrAñl ie,iqï u.ska wdh;khlg ;u NdKavh

;rÕldrS NdKav j,ska fjka lr oelaùug o fj<| m, ;=, m%n, m%;srEmhla

ia:dmkh lr .ekSugo Wmldrs fõ' fïksidu ldrAñl ie,iqu wdrlaIKh

lr .ekSu wdh;khlg b;du jeo.;a fõ'

fuu udrAf.damfoaYk ud,dj u.ska n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka iq¿ yd uOH

mrsudK lrAudka;lrejka ldrAñl ie,iqï wdrlaIKh ms<sn|j oekqj;a

lssrSuhs' fï ms<sn|j we;sjk .eg¿ iy.; ;;ajhka tajdg úi\qï wdosh

WodyrK" Ñ;% yd rEm Ndú;d lrñka úia;r lr we;X

úúO rgj, mj;sk nqoaêuh foam, ms<sn| wdh;k iuÛ iyfhda.fhka ta ta

rgj,g .e,fmk wdldrhg fuu udrAf.damfoaYkh oshqKq l, yelshX ta

ms<sn|j nqoaOsuh foam, i|yd jk f,dal ixjsOdkh iuÕ iïnkaO ú wdod,

udrAf.damfoaY yd Wmfoia ,nd .; yelshX

yeoskaùu

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jjHHddmmddrr ii||yydd nnqqooaaêêuuhh ffooaamm,, uuddrrAAff..`̀mmffooaaYY uudd,,ddjj

1. §Tng;a ,l=Kla§ - fj<| ,l=Kq wdrlaIKh( iq¿ yd uOHu m%udKfha jHjidhlhska

i|yd fj<| ,l=Kq ms<sn| ye|skajSula' ^nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkh - 900 jeks

m%ldYkh&

2. §fyd| fmkqula§ - ldrAusl ie,iqï wdrlaIKh( iq¿ yd uOHu m%udKfha jHjidhlhska

i|yd ldrAusl ie,iqï ms<sn| ye|skajSulaX ^nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkh - 498

jeks m%ldYkh&

3. §iqrCIs; wkd.;hla§ - fmagkaÜ wdrlaIKh( iq¿ yd uOHu m%udKfha jHjidhlhska

i|yd fmagkaÜ n,m;% ms<sn| ye|skajSulaX ^nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkh - 917

jeks m%ldYkh&

4. §ksrAudKYS,s Tng m%;srEmk wdrlaIKh§( iq¿ yd uOHu m%udKfha jHjidhlhska i|yd

m%;srEmk whs;sh ms<sn| ye|skajSulaX ^nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkh - 918 jeks

m%ldYkh&

by; ish¿ m%ldYk my; i|yka fjí wvjsfhka ,nd .; yel(

www.wipo.int/ebookshop

iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudK jHjidh ixjrAOk jHdmD;sh ^m%;srEmk whs;sh 2010& bx.%sis wkqjdofha

m%;srEmk whs;sh nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkh (WIPO) ^m%;srEmk whs;sh 2006&

fuu m%ldYkfha wvx.= lreKq iïmqrAKfhkau fyda fldgia jYfhka fyda jsoaHq;a uÕska fyda

hdka;%sl udrA.hlska fyda fjk;a lsisu whqrlska m%;siïmdokh lsrSu fyda iïfm%aIKh lsrSu fyda

Y%S ,xldj ;=< fnod yerSu ysñ iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudK jHjidh ixjrAOk jHdmD;sfha (Project SMED)mqrAj wkque;shlska f;drj is\q fkdl, hq;=h’

úússsshhddppkkhh(( fuu fmdf;ys wvx.= f;dr;=re jD;a;Sh kS;s Wmfoia i|yd wdfoaYlhla fkdjk njie,lsh hq;=h’ fuys wvx.= jkafka jsIhh ms<sn| uq,sl f;dr;=re muKsX

fuu m%ldYkh nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkfha (WIPO) mQrAj wkque;sh iys;j mrsjrA;kh

lr m%;siïmdokh lrk ,o’S fuys uq,a bx.%sis wkqjdofha m%;srEmk whs;sh nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn|

f,dal ixúOdkh (WIPO) i;= jk w;r tu m%ldYkh www.wipo.int/sme/en/documents/guides/ fjnz

wvjsfhys olajd we;’ mrsjrA;kh lrk ,o fmdf;ys wvx.= f;dr;=re j, ksj/os Ndjh ms<sn|j

mQrAK j.lSu Y%S ,xldfjz iq¿ yd uOHu mrsudK jHjidh ixjrAOk jHdmD;sh (Project SMED) i;= jk

w;r ta ms,sn|j nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| f,dal ixúOdkfha j.lSula fkdue;s nj ie,lsh hq;=h’

2

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mgqk

msg q wxl

ldrAñl ie,iqï 3

ldrAñl ie,iqï wdrÌKh 6

úfoaYSh rglos ldrAñl ie,iqï

wdrCIKh 16

ldrAñl ie,iqï n,d;aul lsrSu 18

ldrAñl ie,iqï wdrÌKh ms<sn| fjk;a

kS;suh fuj,ï 19

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

3

1. llddrrAAññll iiee,,iiqqïï

ldrAñl ie,iqula hkq l+ulao?idudkH jHjydrfhaoS ldrAñl ie,iqula hkq

NdKavhl iuia: ndysr iajNdjh yd tys

l%shdldrs;ajhhsX WodyrKhla f,i w;a mqgqjla"

Ndú;d lrkakdg iqj myiqj imhkafka kï yd tys

fmkqu is;a .kakd iq¿ f,i ksujd we;akï th ukd

ldrAñl ie,iqula iys; NdKAvhla f,i yeoskaúh

yelshX NdKav ksIamdokfhaos wf,úlrK yelshdj,

ksIamdok msrsjeh, m%jdykfha yd .nvdlrKfha

myiqj, w¿;ajeähd lsrSfï yelshdj Ndú;fhka miq

bj; oeófï myiqj wdosh ie,ls,a,g f.k tys

ndysr fmkqu yd l%shdldrs;ajh ie,iqï lsrSu

ldrAñl ie,iqu ms<sn|j uq,sl yd jeo.;a lreKq

fõX

nqoaêuh foam, ms<sn| kS;suh rduqj ;=, ldrAñl

ie,iqu NdKavfha ndysr w,xldrh yd

fi!kaorAhd;aulNdjh ms<sn| me;slv ms<sn|j

wjOdkh fhduq lrhsX by; WodyrKh i,ld

ne,SfïoS w;a mqgqjl ndysr fmkqu óg wod, fõX

NdKavhla msrsie,iqï lsrSfïoS tys Ys,amSh wxYh

fukau l%shdldrs;ajh ms<sn| ,laIK i,ld ne¨jo

ldrAñl ie,iquloS meyeos,sju i,ld n,kqfha

NdKavfha ndysr fmkqu yd fi!kaorAhd;aul

iajNdjhhs’

kùk lrAudka; fÌa;%hkays tkï ú,dis;d, w;alï,

ldrAñl WmlrK, w;a Trf,dai, wdNrK,

wêiqfLdamfNda.s NdKav, .Dy WmlrK, .Dy

ie,iqï yd fudagrA r: jeks w;s uy;a jq NdKav

mrdihla ;=, ldrAñl ie,iqï j, Wmfhda.s;djh

oelsh yelshX óg wu;rj iuyr NdKavj,

weiqreuo ldrAusl ie,iqfï tla wx.hla f,i olajd

;sfíX fmd\q ms<s.ekSu wkqj ldrAñl ie,iqula

,ÌK wkqj jrA. ;=klg fnod oelajsh yelshX

;%sudK yev ;, iys; ^NdKavhl yevh jeks&

oaúudk yev ;, iys; ^tkuz ndysr w,xldrh"fudaia;rh" frALd yd NdKavhl jrAKh jeks&

by; ,ÌK foflys ixl,kfhka ìysjkyev;, iys;"

;%sudK yev ;, iys; ie,iqu

oajsudK yev ;, iys; ie,iqu

wkq.%yh( js,frdahs ¤ fndpz taXcSX

4

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jHdmdr j, ksrAudKd;aul ie,iqïjHdmdrslfhda ;u NdKavj, ie,iqï jrAOkhlr .ekSug jsYd, mrsY%uhla yd iïm;am%udKhla fhdoj;sX ta wkqj Tjqka ;uNdKavj,g kfjd;amdok y\qkajd oSSfuka bgqlr.ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk wruqKq lsysmhls’

1 jsfYaaI fj<|m, fldgia wdlrAIKh lr

.ekSug tu fj<|mf<a mdrsfNda.slhkaf.a

wjYH;dj,g wkqj NdKavh bosrsm;a lsrSu(

NdKavfha ie,iqug b;d i¿ fjkialï

y\qkajd oSu fuysoS isÿfõ. ^Wod w;a Trf,daiq&

fuysoS NdKavfha uq,sl ls%hdldrs;ajhg n,

fkdmdk fia úúO jhia ugzguzj,g,ixialD;sl jgskdluz j,g fukau iudc

ia:rj,g .e,fmk fiaa ndysrfmkqu fjkia

lr fj<|mf<a jsjsO mdrsfNda.sl lKavdhuz

NdKavh fj; wdlrAIKh lr .; yelshX

2 l=vd fj<|m< wjldYhla ksrAudKh lr

.ekSu( ;rÕldrs fj<|m, ;=< ;u

NdKavhg jsfYaIs; ksrAudKd;aul ,ÌK

tl;= lsrSu u.ska l=vd jqj;a by, ,dN

odhl;ajhlska hq;a fj<|m<la ksrAudKh lr

.ekSu iuyr fj<| wdh;kj, wruqK fjzX

fj<|m, ;=< mj;sk wka NdKav j,ska

fjkiajk ,ÌK iys; NdKavhka bosrsm;a

lsrSu u.ska yªkd.;a mdrsfNda.sl

fldgzGdYhla wdlrAYkh lr .ekSu fuys

wruqK fjzX fj<|mf,a mj;sk h;=re ;yv,im;a;, fldamam yd mSrsis jeks idudkH

NdKav j,g fukau iajrAKdNrK,mrs.Kl yd fudagrA r: jeks us< wOsl

NdKav j,go ksrAudKd;aul ,ÌK tl;=

lsrSu u.ska ,dNodhs fj<|m,la we;s lr.;

yelshX

3 fj<| kduhg fj<|m< ;=< ia:djrFjhla

f.dv k.d .ekSu( iuyr ksrAudKd;aul

,ÌK NdKavfha fj<|kduh iu.

wfkHdakHh f,i ne|S mj;sX fj<|kduhg

fj<|mf,ys jsfYaIs; m%;srEmhla ysuslr oSug

ksrAudK;aul ,ÌK fnfyjska WmldrsfjzX

ldrAusl ie,iqï wdrÌdlr .; hq;af;a wehs@

ldrAusl ie,iqula ´kEu NdKavhlg is;a weo

.kakd iq¿ wdlrAIkSh fmkqula tla lrk ksid

tu.ska NdKavhg w;sfrAl jgskdlula tl;=

flfrA’ ldrAusl ie,iqu NdKavfha woajs;Sh

jsl=Kquz ,ÌKh (unique selling point) njg

m;alr .; yelshX taksid ;uka jsiska jevs oshqKq

lrk ,o ldrAusl ie,iqu wdrÌd lr .ekSu

´kEu ksIamdolfhl=g fyda ksrAudKlrefjl=g

b;du jeo.;a fjzX

ldrAusl ie,iqï cd;sl ugzgfï fyda l,dmSh

ugzgfï nqoaOsuh foam, md,k wOsldrshl

,shdmosxps lsrSu u.ska ;u ldrAusl ie,iqu i|yd

mru whs;shla (exclusive right) ysus lr.ekSug

ysuslreg yelsfjzX tu.ska fojk mdrAYjhla

u.ska kS;s jsfrdaOs f,i msgm;a lsrSu fyda

wkqlrKh lsrSu j,lajd .; yels w;r

jHdmdrfha NdKav j, fj<|m, ;rÕldrs;ajh

jrAOkh ùfuka wu;r jdis /ila ysus lr

.ekSug kS;Hdkql=, ysñlreg yels fjzX

wkq.%yh( jslafgdarsfkdlaia iud.u

5

ldrAusl ie,iqu ,shdmosxps lr wdrÌKh

lsrSu ;=,ska kS;s jsfrdaOs f,i msgm;a lsrSu fyda

wkqlrKh lsrSu j<lajd .; yelsh’ thska

NdKavfha ;rÕldrsFjh by< hhs’

ie,iqï ,shdmosxps lsrSu u.ska ta i|yd l<

wdfhdackg idOdrK m%;s,dNhla ,nd

.ekSug;a tu.ska jHdmdrfha ,dNodhs;ajh by<

kxjd .ekSug;a yelsfjzX

ldrAusl ie,iqula hkq jHdmdrfha j;alulzX

tu.ska jHdmdrfha yd NdKavfha jdKscuh

jgskdlu by< hhsX ldrAusl ie,iqfï

idrA:l;ajh wkqj jHdmdrfha jgskdlu o

;SrKh fjzX

,shdmosxps lrk ,o ldrAusl ie,iqul ysñlu

wkai;= lsrSug yd jslsKSfï wjirh

n,m;%hla u.ska fojk mdrAYjhlg ,nd oSu

u.ska wu;r wdodhula Wmhd .ekSugo

yelsfjzX n,m;%hla u.ska mjdrd oSfuka w¿;a

fj<|m,lg msjsiSug yelshdjla ,efí’

lrAudka; fÌa;% ;=< idOdrK

;rÕldrsFjhla we;s lr .ekSug o wjHdc

fj<| mrsphka jevs oshqKq lr .ekSug o

ldrAusl ie,iqï ,shdmosxpsh fya;=fjzX thsska

we;sjk hym;a ;rÕldrs jHdmdr mrsirh

;=< ukd fi!kaorAhd;aul yd

jsjsOdx.slrKfhka hq;a wdlrAIKSh NdKav

nsysjSfï wjldYh m¿,a fjzX

msrsie,iqug wdf,dalhla

js\q,s ,dïmqjl l%zhdldrsFjh NdKavfhka

NdKavhg ie,lsh hq;= f,i fjkia fkdjqK;a

js\q,s ,dïmqjl wf,úlrKh idrA:lFjhg

n,mdk idOlh jkafka ndysr fmkquhsX

úúOdldr ldrAusl ie,iquz j,g wkqj

ksrAudKh jq .Dy js\q,s ,dïmq jeks NdKav

,shdmosxpsh i|yd ksIamdolhska Wkka\q jkafka

;r.Zldr fj<|m, ;=, ;u NdKavh flfrys

mdrsfNda.slhska jeä ixLHdjla wdlrAIKh lr

.ekSu msKsih’

m%Njh( OHIM hqfrdamd ix.uh ;+< ie<iquz ,shdmosxpsh i|ydwe;s b,a,qu ms<sn| wOHhkh

(image à détourer)

hqfrdamd ix.uh ;=< ie,iqï wdrÌKh lsrSu

iïZnkaOfhka n,mdk lreKq -jjeo.;alfuz

wkqms<sfj,g

wkq.%yh( fkfuda tiaXmSXta

wkqlrKh j,lajd .ekSu

jHdmdr m%;sm;a;skag wkql=, jSula f,i

;r.ZldrsFjh wjulr .ekSug

jHdmdrfha lSrA;Sh /l .ekSu

fjk;a wdh;khlg wh;a ie,iqula wkqlrKh fkdlrk nj ye.ZjSug

fjk;a lreKq

6

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2. llddrrAAññll iiee,,iiqqïï wwddrrÌÌKKhh

Tnf.a ldrAusl ie,iqï wdrÌKh l< yelafla

flfiao@

ldrAusl ie,iquz wdrÌK kS;sh hgf;a ,shdmosxps

lsrSfuka ldrAusl ie,iquz wdrÌKh lr .ekSfuz

wjia:dj f,dalfha fndfyda rgj, olakg ,efnzX

,shdmosxps lsrSug wjYH ldrAusl ie,iqu i|yd

wh\qïm;%hla wod, rfgz cd;sl nqoaOsuh foam,

md,kdOsldrsh fj; bosrsm;a l< hq;=hX ^fuz

ms<sn| f;dr;=re ,nd .; yels fjnz wvjs ms<sn|

jsia;r weuqKqï wxl Iys wvx.= fjzX& jsfoaY

rgloS kS;suh wdjrKh ,nd .ekSu ms<sn|

f;dr;=re 3 jk ldKavfhys wvx.=fjzX

iuyr rgj, yd hqfrdamd ix.uh jeks fmd¥

wdrA:sl l,dm i|yd fuf;la ,shdmosxps lr

fkdue;s ldrAusl ie,iquz j,g jir 3 l iSñ;

wdrÌKhla ,nd .ekSfuz yelshdj uE;oS y\qkajd

\qka kS;s u.ska ,ndoS we;X jir 3 laa hkq wod,

ie,iqu m%isoaOshg m;a l< osk isg jir 3 lsX

fj<|m,g NdKavhla y\qkajd \qka jydu

,shdmosxps lsrSfï lghq;= wdruzN lsrSu wjodkuz

iys;hX Bg fya;=j ie,iqu ,shdmosxps lsrSu i|yd

uqo,a yd ld,h fhojSfuka miqj;a NdKavh

fj<|mf,a wdidrA:ljSfï yelshdjla mej;SuhsX

js,dis;d jeks b;d iq¿ ld,hlska h,a mkSk

NdKav i|yd ,shdmosxpsfhka t,odhS wdjrKhla

fkd,efnzX flfia fj;;a NdKavhla ksmojd tys

ldrAusl ie,iqu ,shdmosxps lsrSu i|yd udi 12 l

ld,hla ysusfjzX ,shdmosxps fkdl, ie,iqula

i|yd kS;sfhka ,efnkqfha b;d iSuS; wdjrKhlsX

hqfrdamd ix.uh ;=< ,shdmosxps ie,iqula i|yd

jir 25 l wdjrKhla ,efnk w;r ,shdmosxps

fkdjq ie,iqula i|yd ysusjkafka jir 3 l

wdjrKhla muKsX

fuys wvx.= lreKq ,shdmosxps lrk ,o ldrAusl

ie,iqquz flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrhsX kuq;a

iuyr rgj, jsl,am l%u u.ska o ldrAusl

ie,iqï i|yd kS;suh wdrÌdj ,efnk nj u;l

;nd .; hq;=hX

m%;srEmk whs;sh ms<sn| kS;sh u.ska ldrAusl

ie,iqï wdjrKh jk rgj,ao we;X

m%;srEmk whs;sh ms<sn| kS;sh m%Odk

jYfhkau idys;Huh yd l,d;aul ksrAudK

i|yd jk mru whs;sh wdrÌdlr fohsX

iuyr rgj, ldrAusl ie,iqï i,lkq

,nkafka ld,d;aul lrA;jHhla f,i fyda

jHjydrsl ksrAudKhla f,ihX m%;srEmk

whs;sh wdrÌKh” iq¿ yd uOH mrsudK

lrAudka; lrejkag m%fhdackj;a jsl,amhls’

iuyr rgj, ldrAusl ie,iau fj<| ,l+fKa

fldgila f,i l%shd;aul jk jsgos th ;%sudK

ie,iqï wdrÌKh hgf;a wdrÌd flfrAX

NdKavfha yevh yd weiqreu Bgu wdfjzksl

iqjsfYaI ,ÌKhla f,i ie,lSu uSg fya;= jsh

yelshX

7

widOdrK ;rÕldrsFjh ms<sn|j kS;s rS;S

u.skao iuyr rgj, ldrAusl ie,iqï

wdjrKh fjzX

m%;srEmk whs;sh, fj<| ,l=Kq yd widOdrK

;rÕldrsFjh kS;sh hgf;a Tnf.a ldrAusl

ie,iqquz wdrlaIKh ms<sn| jevsmqr jsia;r i|yd

ldKav wxl 5 n,kakX

ldrAñl ie,iquz wdrÌKh u.ska ,efnk kS;suh

whs;sjdislï ljfrAo@

ldrAusl ie,iqï wdrÌKh l< miq" wkjir

wkqlrKh lsrSulg tfrysj kS;suh l%shd ud._

.ekSfuz mqrAK yelshdj ,shdmosxpsh ysus mqoa.,hdg

yssusfjzX fuu.ska wod, ldrAusl ie,iqu iys;

NdKavh ksIamdokh lsrSfï fyda NdKavh iuznkaO

wrAmkhla (Offer) bossrsm;a lsrSfï fyda wdkhkh

fyda wmkhkh lsrSfuz fyda jslsKsfï whs;sh mQrAK

jYfhkau ,shdmosxpsh orK mqoa.,hdg ysusfjzX

tla tla rgj, mj;akd kS;sh yd mrsph wkqj

,shdmosxpsh u.ska ,efnk wdjrKfha mrdih

ksrAKh fjzX

ldrAusl ie,iqula f,i ,shdmosxps l<yelafla

fudkjdo@

tla tla rgj, mj;akd kS;sh wkqj ldrAusl

ie,iqula ,shdmosxps lsrSug kuz my; i|yka

wjYH;d tlla fyda jevs .Kkla imqrd,sh hq;=hX

ie,iqu §kj§ ie,iqula jsh hq;=hX huz

ie,iqula kj ie,iqula f,i i,lkq ,nkafka

,shdmosxpsh i|yd wh\qï lrk oskh jk jsg

wh\qï lr we;s NdKavfha ldrAusl ie,iqug

iudk fjk;a ie,iqula fj<|m, fj;

bosrsm;a jS fkd;snqKfyd;a muKsX

mru whs;shTfnz wdh;kh u.ska kjH;djfhka hq;a l=vhla

ksrAudKh lr tys ie,iqu cd;sl nqoaOsuh foam,

wdh;kfha ,shdmosxps lr we;ehs is;kakX tjsg

tu l=vfha ldrAusl ie,iqu ms<sn| kS;suh

ysusldrsFjh Tng ysusfjzX tjka wjia:djl iudk

ie,iqulska hq;a l=vhla ksIamdokh lSrsu,jslsKSu fyda wdkhkh lsrSu l<fyd;a kS;suh

mshjr f.k is\qjq w,dN i|yd jkaos ,nd .ekSfuz

whs;sh o Tng ysusfjzX Tnf.a ksIamdokh i|yd

;rÕldrs NdKavhla ksmojSug fjk;a

wdh;khlg we;s whs;sh j,lajd,Sug Tng

fkdyels jqj;a ksImdolfhl+ Tnf.a ksIamdokhg

iudk ksIamdokhla lr Tnf.a ksrAudK

yelshdfjka whq;+ m%fhdack .kafka kï th j,lajd

.ekSug kS;suh jYfhka Tng yelshdj we;X

tjka wjia:djl Tng ,nd .; yels kS;suh

wdjrKh ms<sn|j nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn|

kS;s{jrfhl=f.ka Wmfoia ,nd .; yelshX

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ldrAusl ie,iqu wkqlrKfhka f;drjq" ;uka

jsiska u iajdOSkj yd m%:u jrg ksrAudKh l<

kjuq ksrAudKhla§ (Original) jsh hq;=hX

ksrAudK Bgu fmd\q jq §iaj ,ÌK§ j,ska

iukaú; jsh hq;=hX tkuz huz NdKavhla

Ndjs;d lrk mqoa.,fhl=g Bg iudk fjk;a

NdKavhla Ndjs;d lsrSfuzoS we;sjk yeÕ Sug

jvd fjkia jq jsfYaIs; ye.Sula fyda

Wmfhda.s;djhla ,nd fok Bgu fmd\q jq

,ÌK j,ska hqla; jsh hq;=hX

iuzm%odhdkql+,j wdrÌKh ,nd .; yels

ie,iqul wx.hla hkq im;a;=jl yevhX

lrAKdNrKhl js,dis;dj fyda f;a n\qkl we;s

w,xlrKhla jsh yelshX kjSk f,dalh ;=<

fndfyda rgj, jsjsO NdKAv i|yd jsjsOdldr

ie,iquz j,g wdrÌdj ,nd .kq oelsh yelshX

jrA;udk §äcsg,a f,dalfha§ nqoaOsuh foam,

wdrCIKh l%u l%ufhka mrs>Klhl Ndjs;d

jk iqrejï, wÌr uqyqK;a, rEm igyka yd

cx.u \qrl:k jeks kjSk vscsg,a ;dÌKsl

WmlrK olajd me;sr we;’

ldrAusl ie,iqï f,i wdrÌKh l,

fkdyels foa fudkjd o@

fndfyda rgj, kS;sh wkqj my; i|yka oE

nqoaOsuh foam, kS;sh hgf;a wdrÌKh l<

fkdyels njg m%ldY lrkq ,en we;X

huz NdKAvhla kjH NdKavhla f,i fyda uq,a

ksrAudKhla f,i fyda Bgu fmd\q jq

iaj,ÌK iys; NdKavhla f,i ie,lSug

;rï m%udKj;a idOl fkdue;s wjia:dj,os"

NdKavfha ldrAusl l%shdldrsFjhg w;HjYH

yd tys fldgila f,i i,lkq ,nk ,ÌK

i|yd" fujka ,ÌKj,g wdrÌKh ,nd

.; yelafla fjk;a nqoaOsuh foam, kS;s

m%;smdok wkqj i,ld ne,Sfuka miqj muK's

WodyrK( fmagkagzX Wmfhda.s wdlD;s

^fudv,& (Utility Model) fyda fj<| ryia '

rdcH yd ks, ixfla;hka jk cd;sl fldvsh,

rdcH ,dxckh jeks i,l=Kq fhdod .ksuska

ksu l< ldrAusl ie,iqï

fmd\q kS;shg, uyck iduhg yd iodpdrhg

mgyeks f,i ie,flk ie,iquzX

ie,iqï wdrÌKh lsrSfuz kS;sh ms<sn|j ;j;a

jeo.;a lreKla jkafka iuyr rgj, §w;alï§

fuu kS;sh u.ska wdjrKh fkdlsrSuhX tu

rgj, ldrAusl ie,iqula f,i ,shdmosxps lsrSug

kï th ksIamdokh lrkq ,enQ NdKavhla fyda

ldrAusl fyda ;dÌKsl jYfhka m%;sksrAudKh

l, NdKavhla jsh hq;=hX

jsjsO rgj, kS;suh ;;ajhka wkqj ldrAusl

ie,iquz ,shdmosxps lsrSug n,mdk ;j;a jsjsO

iSudjka ;snsh yelshX fujka wjia:dj,oS iq\qiqu

l%shdud._h jkqfha wod, rfgz nqoaOsuh foam,

wOsldrsfha Wmfoia me;SuhsX

9

ldrAusl ie,iaula ,shdmosxps l< yelafla

flfiao@

ldrAusl ie,iaula ,shdmosxps lsrSfuzoS wkq.ukh

l<hq;= úfYaIs; l%shdmgsmdgshla we;’

nqoaêuh foam, ldrAhd,fhka ,nd .;a wh\quz

m;%h ksis f,i iïmqrAK l< hq;=hX ^weuqKquz

wxl Iys olajd we;s nqoaOsuh foam, ldrAhd,

j, fjnz wvjs wOHhkh lrkak&X kshus;

wdlD;s m;h% iu. Tnf.a ku” Tnj iïnkao

lr .; yels f;dr;=re iy ksrAudKfha

msUqrem;a iy fiahd rEmo we;=,;a jsh hq;+h”

iuyr rgj, kS;sh wkqj ,shdmosxps lsrSug

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ie,iqfï kjH;djh

ms<sn|j ,sÅ; m%ldYhla bosrsm;a l< hq;=hX

fuys wvx.= jsh hq;af;a wod, NdKavfha

jsia;r fkdj tu NdKavhg wod, ldrAusl

ie,iqfï jsia;rhsX NdKavfha kjH;djh uSg

fmr ksmojq iudk NdKav j,ska fjkia jk

whqre ksj/os yd m%udKj;a f,i bosrsm;a

l< hq;=hX ksrAudK;aul Ndjh ms<sn|j

b;d meyeos,sj i|yka lsrSu jeo.;a fjzX

tfukau ie,iqug wod, kjH;d w;=rska

jvd;au jeo.;a jkafka l=ulao hkak fya;=

iys;j oelajsh hq;=hX iuyr rgj,

,shdmosxpsh ms<sn|j lghq;= lrk ks<Odrshd

fuu lreKq ;yjqre lr .kq jia NdKavfha

iduzm,hla b,a,d isgSug bv we;’

ta ta rg wkqj kshu lrk ,o ,shdmosxps

.dia;=jla f.jsh hq;=hX

fuu ls%hdj,shg nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn|

ksfhdacs;jrfhl=$ kS;S{jrfhl+f.a iyh

,nd .ekSfuka wvqmdvq j,ska f;dr jD;a;Suh

;;ajfha ,sms f,aLK ilia lr .ekSug;a

tu.ska myiqfjka yd blaukska ,shdmosxpsh

,nd.ekSug;a yelsfjzX fujka wjia:d j,oS

,shdmosxpsh wfmaÌd lrk mqoa.,hd ;u

ksfhdacs;hdg n,;, mejrSu ikd; lr

m%ldYhla bosrsm;a l< hq;=hX

iuyr rgj, ldrAusl ie,iqula ,shdmosxps

lrkafka Bg wod, mrsmd,kuh kshuhka ksis

f,i iuzmqrAK jq miqj muKsX ;j;a iuyr

rgj, oekg mj;sk iudk iajNdjfha ie,iquz

j,;a kj ie,iqfuz kjH;dj ms<sn|j;a oSrA>

mrSÌd lsrSulska miqj muKla ,shdmosxpsh lrkq

,efíX

ie,iqula ,shdmosxps lsrSfuka miqj ie,iquz

,shdmosxps f,aLKfha f,aLK.; flfrAX tfukau

ta ms<sn|j ks, jYfhka .eigz m;%fha m< lsrSuo

ie,iquz ,shdmosxps iy;slh ksl=;a lsrSuo is\qfjzX

iuyr wjia:dj,os ,shdmosxpsh m%isoaO lsrSu mud

lsrSu i|yd b,a,qï l< yel’ tjsg tu ie,iqfuz

ryiHNdjh ksYaps; ld,hla i|yd ;nd .efka’

fufia ie,iqula m%isoaO lsrSu mud lrkafka

fj<|m, iqrÌs; lr .ekSfuz Wmdhla f,isksX

jsfoaY rglos ie,iquz wdrÌKh lr .ekSu

ms<sn| jsia;rd;aul f;dr;=re ldKav wxl 3

hgf;a jsia;r flfrAX

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ldrAusl ie,iqula ,shdmosxpsh i|yd fldmuK

l,la .; fjzo@idudkHfhka ie,iqula ,shdmosxps lsrSfuz

l%shdj,sh i|+yd udi 6 isg 12 olajd ld,hla

.; fjzX ,shdmosxps lsrSfuz ls%hdj,sh ;=, mek

k.sk wu;r .eg:Z yd m%Yak ksid fuu ld,

mrdih ;j;a jevsjSug mq¿jkX WodyrK f,i

,shdmosxps lsrSu iïnkaO ks,Odrshdf.a

jsfrdaO;d fyda fjk;a mdrAYj j, jsfrdaO;d

fya;=fjka ,shdmosxpsh m%udo jsh yelshX

ie,iqula ,shdmosxps lsrSug fmr tys ryiHNdjhiq/lSu jeo.;a jkafka wehs@mj;sk nqoaOsuh foam, kS;sh hgf;a ,shdmosxps

lsrSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ie,iqula ryiH f,i

wdrÌd lsrSu b;du jeo.;a fjzX Bg m%Odk;u

fya;=j kuz ,shdmosxps lsrSu i|yd m<uq iq\qiqlu

f,i §kjH;djh§ ie,flk fyhsksX tfyhska

ie,iqula ,shdmosxps lsrSug m%:u ;+kajk

mdrAYjhla fj; fy,sorjz lrkafka kuz wod,

.sjsiqu ;=< tys ryiHNdjh ms<sn|j meyeos,s

j.ka;s we;=,;a l< hq;=hX

jHdmdrfha m;%sldjla u.ska fyda NdKav

kdudj,shla u.ska m%isoaO lsrSfuka miq lsishuz

ie,iqula ;j\qrg;a §kjH§ ie,iqula f,i

ie,lsh fkdyelshX tfia m%isoaO l, ie,iqula

,shdmosxpsh u.ska wdrÌdlr .ekSug kï ta

ms<Sn|j §iyk ld,hla§ kS;sfhka ,nd os ;snsh

hq;=hX tfia fkdue;s jqjfyd;a m%:ufhka b,a,qï

lrkakdg ie,iqfï whs;sh ysus lr oSug kS;sfhka

m%;smdok ,nd oS we;X ^jsfoaY rgloS Tnf.a

ldrAusl ie,iqï wdrÌKh lr .; yelafla

flfiao hkak ms<Sn|j jev¥qr f;dr;=re msgq wxl

16 ys i|yka fõ&

WWooddyyrrKK(( ffnnzznnss wweekkaavvzz ppss,,aavvzzrrkkaa

l=vd <uhskaf.a myiqj msKsi osh kEug Ndjs;d

lrk t,af,k f;dgs,a,la ksrAudKh lsrSug fnzns

wekavz ps,avzrka iud.u mshjr .;af;ahX b;d ir,

ksrAudKhlajq fuh f,dj mqrd ujzjrekaf.a yd

<|rejkaf.a wdlrAYkhg Ndckh jshX fuu

NdKavfha ie,iqu ,shdmosxps lsrSu ioyd 2000

jifrA udrA;= ui b,a,quz flrsKsX ,shdmosxps lsrSu

iuzmqrAK l< miq fuu iud.u uyd mrsudK

jYfhka fj<| lghq;= wdruzN lf<ahX uyoajSm

;=kla mqrd jsisreKq rgj,a 10 lg jevs .Kkl

fuu NdKavh wf,js lrk ,oafoa iud.fuz Rcq

ueosy;a jSu fukau n,m;% u.ska m;alrkq ,enq

tacka;jreka u.sksX

wkq.%yh( fnzns wekavz ps,avzrka

fuh b;d idrA:l NdKavhla njg m;ajq w;r ksis

kS;suh wdrÌdj ksid f,dj m%uqL fmf<a fj<|

NdKavhla f,i ;ju;a fuh wf,js flfrAX

11

ldrAusl ie,iquz ,shdmosxps kS;sh

iuznkaOfhka �iyk� ld,h hkq l=ulao@

iuyr rgj, mj;akd kS;sh wkqj ldrAusl

ie,iqula m%isoaO lsrSfuka miq ,shdmosxps lsrSu

i|yd udi 6la fyda wjqreoaol iyk ld, iSudjla

fokq ,efnzX

fuu ld,h we;=,; wod, NdKavh jslsKSu

fukau fj<| m%orAYk j,oS m%orAYkh lsrSu,

NdKav kdudj,j,s m< lsrSu, m;%sld u.ska

m%pdrh lsrSu wdosh is\q l< yelshX fuu ld,h

we;=,; NdKavfha kjH;djh wdrÌd lr .;

hq;= w;r ,shdmosxpsh i|yd wjYH lghq;=o

is\ql, yelshX

flfia fjk;a NdKavhl ie,iqu ,shdmosxpsh

wjika jk;=re tys ryiHNdjh iq/lSu

jspÌkYS,s fjzX fuu iyk ld,h ;=,

NdKavfha ie,iqu ms<sn|j mru whs;sh wod,

ksIamdokhg ysuz fkdfjzzX we;eïjsg ie,iqu

widOdrK ;rÕldrS kS;sfhka fyda m%;srEmk

whs;ssh ms<sn| kS;sfhka iqrlaIs; lrkq ,efí’

m%;srEmk whs;sh ms<sn|j jevs\qr f;dr;=re

i|yd ldKav wxl 5 n,kakX

ldrAusl ie,iquz wdrÌKh fldmuK l,lai|yd j,x.= jkafka o@ldrAusl ie,iqul ,shdmosxpsh j,x.= jk ld,

iSudj rgska rgg fjkia fjzX fuysoS wju ld,

iSudj jir 10 la jk w;r iuyr rgj, iSudj

jir 10 la blaujd j,x.= fjzX WodyrK f,i

weursld tlai;a ckmofha jir 14 lao, hqfrdAmd

ix.uh ;=, jir 25 la f,i o i,lkq ,efíX

fndfyda rgj, ldrAusl ie,iqï ,shdmosxps l<

osfkka jir 5 lg miq kej; ,shdmosxpsh w¿;a

l< hq;=hX

ldrAusl ie,iqula wdrÌKh lsrSug fldmuK

uqo,la jeh l< hq;=o@

fuh rgska rgg fjkia fjzX kuq;a fuz i|yd

wod, msrsjeh j._ ms<sn|j wjfndaO lr .ekSu

jeo.;a fjzX

1 nqoaOsuh foam, ldrAhd,h i|yd f.jsh hq;=

,shdmosxps .dia;=j( ,shdmosxps lsrSug

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ie,iquz ixLHdj yd

n,d;aul lsrSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk rgj,a

ixLHdj wkqj fuh fjkia fjzX WodyrK(

hqfrdamd ix.uhg wod, ish¿u rgj,a i|yd

,shdmosxps lsrSug hqfrda 350 la jeh fjzX

ie,iqï .Kk 10 la jk jsgoS fuu uqo,

hQfrda 1"925 olajd jevs fjzX fuz ms<sn|

jsia;rd;aul f;dr;=re wod, rgj, nqoaOsuh

foam, ldrAhd, u.ska ,nd .; yelshX

2 ,shdmosxps wh\qï m;%h ms<sfh, lsrSu yd

nqoaOsuh foam, ldrAhdxYh fj; bosrsm;a

lsrSug jsfYaI{ oekqu we;s nqoaOsuh foam,

ms<sn| ksfhdacs;fhl=f.a iyh ,nd .kafka

kuz ta i|yd msrsjehla oerSug is\q fjzX

3 ldrAusl ie,iqu i|yd mru whs;sh mj;ajd

.ekSug kuz jir 5lg jrla ,shdmosxpsh

w¿;a l< hq;= w;r ta i|yd .dia;=jla wh

flfrAX

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4 fjk;a rgloS wdrÌKh ,nd .ekSug

wfmaÌd lrkafka kï ta i|yd NdId mrsjrA;k

.dia;=jla f.jsh hq;=fjz

NdKavhl ldrAu sl ie,iqulg ndysr

w,xldrh iïnkaO jevs oshqKq lsrSï tl;+

lr we;s wjia:djl .; hq;= ls%hdud._

NdKavfha ls%hdldrs;ajh ms<sn| .=Kdx.

wdrÌKh lr .ekSug wfmaÌd lrkafka kuz

jvd;au iq\qiq l%uh jkafka fmgkagz n,m;%hla

fyda Wmfhda.s;d fudv, wdrlaIKhla ,nd

.ekSuhsX ;jo fuh fj<| ryila f,i ;nd

.ekSuo l, yelshX

Tn jsiska cx.u \qrl:khla ie,iqï lf<a hehs

is;kakX fuysos cx.u \qrl:khg fukau Bg

tl;= lr we;s kjdx.hkag o ldrAusl ie,iqï

,shdmosxps lsrSu u.ska wdrÌKh ,nd .; yelso

hkak ms<noZ .eg:Zjla u;+fõ’ fuu ksIamdokh

uQ,sl bf,lafg%daksl wx.hka j,g kjH;djhla

tla lr ksu lrk ,oaolssX fuysoS cx.u

\qrl:kfha kjuq ie,eiau ldrAusl ie<iqqï

wdrlaIKh hgf;a o kjH;djka fmgkagz

wdrlaIKh hgf;a o wdrlaIKh l< yelsh’

fuysoS we;s jk ;j;a .eg¿jla jkafka tla

NdKavhla iïnkaOfhka fuu wdrlaIKhka

folu ,nd .; yelso hkakhs’ meyeos,s ms<s;=r

jkafka §,nd .; yelsh§ hkakhsX

ie,iquz wdrÌKh yd jHdmdr Wmdhud._ie,iquz l<ukdlrh ms<sn| Wmdh udrA. ;SrKh

lsrSfï os ie,iqula ,shdmosxps lrkafka flfiao@

ljodo@ yd fldfyao@ hk ;SrK m%Odk ;ekla .kSX

tu ksid jHdmdrhl osrA> ld,Sk Wmdh ud._ ie,iquz

lsrSfïos o ldrAusl ie,iqï ms<sn| ;SrK b;d

jeo.;a fjzX ,nd .ekSug wfmaÌs; wdjrKfha

iajNdjh, msrsjeh yd ,shdmosxpsh u.ska we;sjk

iM,;ajh yd kS;suh ysusldrS;ajh hk lreKq

Wmdh udrA. ms<sn| ;SrK .ekSu flfrys n,mdhs'

tkï,

ie,iqu wdh;kh ;=< ksrAudKh lrkafka o

ndysr mdrAYjhka u.ska lrjd .kq ,nkafkao

hkak ;SrKh lsrSu i|yd

wf,js m%jrAOkfhaoS fj<| m%pdrKfhaoS yd

fj<|m, ;=, m%p,s; lsrSfïoS ie,iqu uq,sl

jYfhka fhdod.kakd wjia:dj ;SrKh lsrSu

i|yd

l=uk wmkhk fj<|m,la wruqKq

lr.kafkao hkak ;SrKh lsrSu i|yd"

wdrA:sl m%;s,dN mokuz lrf.k wod, NdKavh

wf,js lssrSu fnod yerSu ms<sn| whs;sh n,m;%hla

u.ska ndysr wdh;khlg mjrkafkao hkak

;SrKh lsrSu i|yd"

© fkdlshd

13

fndfyda NdKav ie,iqï lrefjdaa ;u

ie,iqfï jsjsO wxY nqoaOsuh foam, kS;sfha

jsjsO wxY hgf;a ,shdmosxps lrkq ,n;sX

Ndjs; fudv,h (Utility Model) yd ldrAusl

ie,iqu w;r uq,sl fjki jgyd .ekSu b;d

jeo.;a fjzX

fmagkagz$Wmfhda.s;d fudv,h NdKavhl

ls%hdldrs;ajh ms<sn|j kj fidhd .ekSuz j,g

wod, jk w;r ldrAusl ie,iqu NdKavfha

ndysr fmkqu ioZyd wod, fjzX

ldrAusl ie,iqï wdrÌKh i|yd b,a,qï

l< yelafla ldgo@

huz ie,iqula ksrAudKh l, ;eke;a;dg fyda

ksrAudKlre huz wdh;khl fiajhl= kï tu

wdh;khg ,shdmosxpsh i|yd b,a,quz l, yelshX

b,a,qïlre ;ks mqoa.,fjl= fyda kS;suh

mqoa.,Ndjhla ysus wdh;khla jsh yelX b,a,qï

m;%h Rcqju tu ;eke;a;d$wdh;kh jsiska

bosrsm;a l< yelshX nqoaOsuh foam, kS;sh

iuznkaO jsfYaI{hl=f.a fiajh ,nd .kakd

wjia:djloS tu ksfhdAcs;hd u.skao b,a,quz m;%h

bosrsm;a l< yelshX

b,a,quzlre jsfoaYslfhl= jk wjia:djlos wod,

rfgz nqoaOsuh foam, wOsldrs wdh;kh u.ska

ms<s.;a ksfhdacs;fh;= u.ska b,a,quz m;%h bosrsm;a

l< hq;=h'

ldrAusl ie,iqul whs;sh ysusjkafka ldgo@

ie,eiaula ksrAudKh lrkakdg ta ms<sn|j mqrAK

whs;sh ysusfjzX kuq;a fuz i|yd jH;sfrALhla o

we;X huz wdh;khl fiajlfhl= ;udf.a fiajd

.sjsiqu wkqj" idudkH jevlrk ld,h ;=,os

Tyqf.a tosfkod ldrAHhka w;r;=r lrk ,nk

WWooddyyrrKK(( vvsshhqqrrddffii,,aa

jir 1980 olajdu vshqrdfi,a iud.u we,al,hska

negrs muKla ksmojq iud.ulsX 1981 jifrAos

iud.u WmfoaYlhl= fhdod f.k idlal=fjz f.k

hd yels ;dlaIKslj wdf,dalh ,nd fok js\q,s

mkaoula jeks WmlrKhla ksmojd 1982 jifrAos

fj<|m,g ksl=;a lrk ,osX jir 2 lg miqj fuu

WmlrKh tlai;a rdcOdksfha ie,iqï ljqkai,h

u.ska msrskuk ,o iïudkhla o oskd .ekSug

iu;a jshX miqj fuu iud.u jsjsOdx.SlrKh

lrk ,o fuu WmlrKh jsjsOjq b,lal

fj<|m, i|yd jsjsOdldrfhka bosrsm;a lrk ,osX

;reK ;reKshka i|yd jrAKj;a f,i

WmlrKh ksrAudKh lrk ,osX fuu NdKavfha

kjH wx.hka fmagkagz kS;sh hgf;a wdrÌKh

lr we;s w;r vshqrdfi,a iud.fuz NdKav

wf,jslrK fndfyda rgj, kS;sh wkqj fj<|

ie,iqu o ta ta rgj, wdrÌKh lr we;X

(Image d’une lampe de poche Duracell)

(Image avec leur marque)

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ksrAudKhl whs;sh ysus jkafka fiajd

fhdaaclhdghX tfia fkdjSug kuz jsOsu;a

mejereuz ls%hdj,shla u.ska mejrSula lr ;snsh

hq;=hX

wdh;khla .sjsiqula hgf;a ndysr

ie,iquzlrejl= u.ska ie,iqula ksrAudKh lrkq

,enqjfyd;a tys whs;sh ysus jkafka tu

wdh;khghX tkuz wdh;khla tjka ie,iqula

ksrAudKh lrkq ,nkafka tu wdh;kfha

wjYH;djh u; jk fyhska tys ienE whs;slrejd

jkafka tu wdh;khhsX tu ksid ie,iqula

ksrAudKh lrjd .ekSug wod, .sjsiqug t<USfï

os tu ie,iqfï whs;sh ms<sn|j fldkafoais we;=,;a

l< hq;=hX ksrAudKhl kjuq ie,iqu iïnkaO

ish:Zu igyka i|yd m%ldYk whs;sh iajhxls%h

f,iu ksrAudKlrejdg ysus jk ksid ta ms<sn|j

fldkafoais o .sjsiqfuz i|yka lsrSu jeo.;a fjz'

jsjsO ie,iqï i|yd tlu wh\qï m;%hla u.ska

,shdmosxpsh b,a,quz l< yelso@

fuh rgska rgg fjkia fjzX iuyr rgj, tlu

NdKav mx;shlg wh;a NdKav ^10" 20 fyda 50

muK& tlu wh\quz m;%hla u.ska ,shdmosxps l<

yelshX tlu mx;shl wh;a NdKav hkak msgq wxl

15 ys jevs \qr jsia;r flfrAX

WodyrKhla f,i mqgq" fïi" lKaKdvs fïi jeks

tlu mx;shlg wh;a NdKavj, ie,iquz ,shdmosxps

lsrSug wjYH ksIamdolfhl=g ;ks b,a,quz m;%hla

WWooddyyrrKK(( gg%%eellaaiiaa

g%elaia hkq fmd\q ia:dkj, b|.ekSu i|yd ksmojq

wdik jrA.hlsX fuh OMK vsihska iud.u i|yd

frdvzks lskaiauka keue;af;l= jsiska ksrAudKh

lrk ,o ie,iqulsX fuh uq,skau ksmojkq ,nkafka

n%s;dkH \qïrsh fiajh i|ydhX n%s;dkH \qïrsh

fiajh n,dfmdfrd;a;= jqfha b;d fyd| fmkqulska

hq;, iem myi, kv;A;=j wju j, jsjsO

ld<.=Ksl ;;a;ajhkag Tfrd;a;= fok wdik

jrA.hlsX g%elaia wdik by; ,ÌK j,ska

hqla;j ksIamdokh flreKq w;r b;du

ckm%shFjhg m;a jsh' wog;a f,dj mqrd jsjsO

rgj,a 60 lg jevs ixLHdjl .=jka f;dgqm,j,

fuu wdik oelsh yelshX

g%elaia wdikj, ldrAusl ie,iqu tlai;a

rdcOdksh, ´iafg%s,shdj, fnfk,laia rgj,a

^fn,acshu, fkorA,ka;h, ,laiñnrA.a&, crAuksh,

b;d,sh, cmdkh, yd weursldj jeks rgj,

,shdmosxpsh u.ska wdrÌKh lr we;" ´kEu

rgl iud.ula u.ska fuu ie,iqug wod, wdik

ksrAudKh lrkafka kuz OMK vsihska iud.u

fj; ysñldrNd.h f.jsh hq;=h’

wkq.%yh( g%elaia®

15

u.ska" ;ks wh\qïm;lg wod, .dia;=j f.jSfuka

fuu ish¿ NdKav i|yd rgj,a lsysmhl jqjo

wdrÌKh ,nd .; yelshX ;jo fuu NdKav

iuÕ js\q,s ,duzmqjla o imhkafkl=g ta i|yd

fjku wh\qï lsrSug is\qfjzX Bg fya;=j js\q,s

,duzmqj; mqgq" fïi" wdosh wh;a jk NdKav mx;shg

wh;a fkdjSuhX kuq;a fujka wjia:djloS f.jSug

is\qjk ,shdmosxps .dia;=j ;ks ;ks NdKav fjk

fjku ,shdmosxps lsrSfuz oS wod, jk .dia;=jg

jvd wvqfjzX

iuyr rgj, tla ie,iqula i|yd tla wh\quzm;%h

ne.ska bosrsm;a l, hq;= fjzX kuq;a tla ie,iqula

hgf;a jsjsO jsp,Hhka (Variants) ,shdmosxps

lsrSug wjir ,ndos we;s rgj,a o oelsh yelshX

§jsp,Hhka§ (Variants) hkakg WodyrK(

wdh;khla lrdnqjla ksmojshehs is;kakX

tlu ie,iqula hgf;a ksrAudKh jq lrdnqj

lkg ijslrk udos,sfhka fukau lfkys

is\qrla u.ska me<osh yels udos,sfhka

ksrAudKh l< yelshX tlu m%fNaohla hgf;a

,shdmosxps lsrSug n,dfmfrd;a;= NdKav

tlsfklska jsYd, jYfhka fjkialuz iys; j

ksrAudKh fkdjsh hq;=hX

§l=,l§ (Set) f,i y\qkajk ,nkafka fmd\q

,ÌK j,ska hqla;jq iduqyslj jsl=Kkq

,nk fyda Ndjs;d lrkq ,nk NdKav fjzX

fïjd fmd\q ksrAudK ie,iqï j,ska iukajs;

NdKav fjzX WodyrK uq¿;ekaf.hs WmlrK

iu.Z ye|s .Eremam, msys wdos WmlrK,

fldkav jsh,k hka;% iu. Bg wod, nqreiq’

fïjd iduqyslj jsl=Kkq ,nk NdKav fjzX

fuz wkqj ;ks wh\quzm;%hla u.ska ,shdmosxpsh

i|yd NdKav ldKavj, ;snsh hq;= jsfYaIs;

,ÌK y|qkd.; hq;= nj meyeo,s fjzX ta i|yd

nqoaOsuh foam, kS;sh iuznkaO jsfYaI

ksfhdacs;fhl=f.a fyda nqoaOsuh foam, md,k

wOsldrsfha fyda Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu jeo.;a fjzX

cd;Hka;r jrA.SlrK l%uh

wOHhkfha myiqj i|yd ldrAusl ie,iquz

jrA.SlrKh lsrSu is\qflfrAX ldrAusl ie,iquz

,shdmosxps lsrSu i|yd jk wh\quz m;%fha ;uka

jsiska wh\quz lsrSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk NdKav

mx;sh i|yka l< hq;=hX fndfyda rgj, fuz

i|yd jrA.SlrKh f,i ms<sf.k we;af;a

wka;rAcd;sl ldrAusl ie,iquz i|yd jk

f,dldrAfkda wka;rAcd;sl j._lrKhhsX ^fuz

i|yd wod, jrA.SlrKh weuqKquz wxl 2 ys olajd

we;X&

fuz ms<snoZ jevs¥r f;dr;=re i|yd

www.wipo.int.classifications/locarno/about/

fjnz wvjsh n,kakX

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Tnf.a ldrAusl ie,iqul whs;sh

n,m;%hla u.ska mejrsh yelso@

uq,ska tl.Zjq huz lsis wruqKla i|yd ldrAusl

ie,iqula Ndjs; lsrSfuz whs;sh n,m;%hla u.ska

fjk;a wfhl= fj; mejrSfuz yelshdj tys uq,a

whs;slreg ysusfjzX tjka wjia:djl" Bg wod,

fldkafoais iys; .sjsiqula fomdrAYjhka jsiska

w;aika lrkq ,efnzX

fujka .sjsiqul n,m;% ,dNshdg tu ie,iqu

Ndjs;d l, yels rgj,a ms<sn|j;a" ld, iSudj

ms<sn|j;a l=uk NdKav j._ i|yd Ndjs;d l,

yelso hkak;a meyeos,sj olajkq ,efnzX

tu ie,iquX Ndjs; lsrSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka

jsfoaYsh rglos kï wod, rfgz kS;sh wkqj

,shdmosxps lsrSug wod, wjYH;d imqrd,sh hq;=hX

wdh;khlg fyda mqoa.,fhl=g whs;s ldrAusl

ie,iqula Ndjs;d lsrSfï whs;sh n,m;%hla u.ska

fojk mdrAYjhlg mejrSu u.ska wu;r

wdodhula ,nd .ekSug tys ysuslreg yels fjz’

,shdmosxpsh ksid ysusjk ;ks whs;sh ksid

wdrÌs;Ndjfha m%;s,dN ysuslr .ekSug o

,shdmosxpsh orkakdg yels fjzX

ldrAusl ie,iqï n,m;%hla u.ska mejrSfuzos b;d

mq:Z,a fldkafois .sjsiqfï we;=,;a lrkq ,efnzX

tys §ndysr fmkqu§ ms<sn| lreKq j,g wu;rj

ldrAusl .=Kdx. o we;=,;a l, yelshX

0033XX jjssffooaaYY rrggllooss llddrrAAññll iiee,,iiqqïïwwddrrÌÌKKhh

jsfo aY rglos ldrAñl ie,iqï

wdrÌKh l< hq;af;a wehs@

Tn jsiska ksrAudKh l, ldrAusl ie,iqula iys;

NdKav jsfoaY rglg wmkhkh lsrSug fyda

jsfoaYSh mdrAYjhlg n,m;%hla u.ska mjrd

oSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka kuz wod, rg ;=,

tu NdKavfha ie,iqu ,shdmosxps lsrSfuka

wdrÌKh lsrSu b;du jeo.;a fjzX tjsg tu

rg ;=, tu NdKavfha ldrAusl ie,iqug ysus

wdrÌKhu jsfoaY rgj,oS ysusfjzX

j sfo aY rglos ldrAñl ie,iqï

wdrÌKh ,nd .; yelafla

flfiao@

ie,iqulg wdrÌKh ysñjkafka ,shdmosxps l,

rfgz os fyda tfia lrkq ,nk l,dmhka ;=,os

muKsX tu ksid NdKavh wf,jslrkq ,nk

rg;=, fyda l,dmh ;=, tfia ,shdmosxps lsrSu

jeo.;a fjz’

Tn jsiska m<uqfjka ,shdmosxpsh i|yd wh\quz l,

osk isg udi 6 la we;=,;os fjk;a rglos Tnf.a

ie,iqu ms<sn|j whs;sh iuznkaOfhka Tng

m%uqL;ajh ysusfjz’

tfia udi 6 la blaujq miq fjk;a rglos jqjo

wdrÌKg i|yd wh\qï lsrSfuz whs;sh wfydais

fjzX Bg fya;=j ;j \qrg;a tu ie,iqu §kj§

ie,iqula f,i i,lkq fkd,eîuhs"

17

jsfoaY rglos wdrÌKh ,nd .ekSu l%u 3 lg

is\qfjzX

1" cd;sl ugzgfuka

ldrAusl ie,iqu ,shdmosxps lsrSug n,dfmdfrd;a;=

jk rgj, cd;sl nqoaOsuh foam, wOsldrS wdh;k

fj; fjk fjku wh\quz lsrSu fuysos is\qfjzX fuu

l%uh uola oSrA> yd wmyiq ls%hdj,shlsX Bg

fya;=j kuz tfia wh\quz lsrSfuzos wod, f;dr;=re

jsjsO NdIdj,g mrsjrA;kh lsrSug is\qùu;a ta ta

rgj, wjYH;d wkqj oerSug is\qjk msrsjeh wOsl

jSu;ahX

2" l,dmSh ugzgfuka

huz tl.Z;djhla u; taldnoaOj lghq;= lrk

rgj,a rdYshla mokuz lrf.k tu iuqyh

wdjrKh mrsos wod, m%dfoaYsh ldrAhd,hlg

b,a,quz m;%h bosrsm;a l, yelshX tjeks m%dfoaYSh

ldrAhd,hka j,g WodyrK f,i·

wm%sldkq l,dmSh nqoaOsuh foam, ldrAhd,h

(African Regional Intellectual PropertyOffice - ARIPO) fuu.ska bx.%Sis NdIdj l:d

lrk wm%sldkq rgj,a iuqyhla wdjrKh fjzX

fnfk,laia ie,iquz ldrAhd,h (BeneluxDesign Office - BDO) fuu.ska fn,acshu"

fkorA,ka;h yd ,laiuznrA.a hk rgj,a

wdjrKh fjzX

hqfrdamd ix.uhg wod, rgj, wNHka;r

fj<oZ lghq;+ tAldnoaO;djh ms<snoZ m%cd

ie,iquz ldrAhd,h (Office for Harmonizationin the Internal Market - OHIM)

wem%sflahska vS ,d fm%dmrshg bkag,elapqjf,a

(the Organisation Africaine de la PropriétéIntellectuelle (OAPI)) fuu.ska m%xY NdIdj

l:d lrk wm%sldkq rgj,a wdjrKh fjzX

^m%dfoaYsh ldrAhd,j, fjnz wvjs i|yd weuqKqu

I n,kak&

3" cd;Hka;r ugzgfuka

;u ie,iquz i|yd cd;Hka;r jYfhka

wdrCIKh n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk wdh;khlg

f,dal nqoaOsuh foam, wdh;kh u.ska mrsmd,kh

lrkq ,nk ldrAusl ie,iquz ;ekam;= ms<snoZ

wka;rAcd;sl .sjsiqula jk §fya.a .sjsiqu§ hgf;a

,shdmosxpsh is\ql, yelshX

§fya.a .sjsiqug§ wh;a rgj,a we;=,; wdrlaIKh

,nd .ekSu f,dal nqoaOsuh foam, ysuslï

wdh;kh yryd b,a,quz l, yelshX tjsg §fya.a

.sjsiqu§ wod, ish,qu rgj,g fyda ;uka leu;s

rgj,a lsysmhlg ldrAusl ie,iqu i|yd

wdrÌKh ,nd .; yelshX b;d ir, jq;a

msrsjeh wju jq;a l%shdj,shla jk fuu l%uh

u.ska jevs wdrÌKhla o ,nd .ekSug yelsfjzX

§fya.a .sjsiqu§ wod, rgj, jsia;r yd ,sms b,a,quz

m;%h i|yd www.wipo.int/hague/ fjnz wvjsh

n,kakX

§fya.a .sjsiqu” hgf;a ,shdmosxpsh l%shd;aul

lsrSfuzos jeh jk msrsjeh" b,a,quz lrk ,o

ie,iquz .Kk yd wdjrKh jk rgj,a .Kk

wkqj fjkia fjzX

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ud._fhka wod, lghq;a; bgqlr .eksuhsX

ie,iqula wkqlrKh lsrSu fyda whs;sjdisluz

W,a,x>kh jSula is\qjqjfyd;a ta i|yd kS;suh

mshjr.ekSfuz j.lSu yd whs;sh ysusjkafkao

ie,iqfuz ysuslreguhX tkuz ;uka i;= ldrAusl

ie,iquz ms<sn|j fj<|mf,a we;sjk ;;a;ajhka

ms<Sn|j ^wkqlrKh lsrSuzX jHdcdkqlrKh lsrSu

wdosh& wjOsfhka isgSu yd wjia:dfkdaps;j wod,

kS;suh mshjr .ekSu ms<sn| j.lSu ysusjkafkao

wod, ie,iqï ysuslreguhX

tjka wdrjq,la jsiod .eksu msKsi huz

mdrAYjhlg Wmfoila osh yelafla nqoaOsuh

foam, kS;sh ms<sn|j ukd mrsphla we;s jD;a;sh

kS;s{fhl=g muKsX

WodyrKhla f,i ie,iquz 5 la i|yd rgj,a

11l wdrÌKh ,nd .ekSug cd;Hka;r l%uh

hgf;a ^fya.a .sjsiqu wkqj& iaúia *%dkaia 900 la

muK jeh fjzX

04XldrAusl ie,iqu n,d;aul lsrSu

Tnf.a ldrAusl ie,iqu ks;s jsfrdaOs

f,i wkqlrKh lsrsu fyda Tnf.a

whs;sjdisluz W,a,x>kh lsr Su

ms<sn|j .; yels kS;suh l%shdud._

nqoaOuh foam, whs;sjdisluz ms<sn|j kS;suh

mshjr .ekSu ;rula ixlSrAK jq l%shdj,shlsXZ

fuysos jvd;a jspÌKYs,s Wmdh ud._h jkafka

nqoaOsuh foam, ms<sn| kS;s jsYdrohl=f.a

cd;Hka;r fudia;r wdrÌKhjir 2001 jk jsg cd;Hka;r fya.a iuzuq;shg

wod,j ldrAusl ie,iquz ,shdmosxps l< wdh;k

w;r iafjdpz iuqy jHdmdrh" bkagSrshrA" fidaksX

´jrAiSiaX yrAuiaX vdhsuz,rA ls%iagz,rAX fkdalshdX

js,frdahs ¤ fndIa ta cs fuda,sfklaiaX *s,smaia

bf,laiafg%dakslaia yd ie,fudka hk wdh;k jshX

fuu jifrAos iafjdpz iuqyh fya.a iuzuq;sh hgf;a

ie,iquz 103 la ,shdmosxpshg bosrsm;a lr ;snqKsX

w;a Trf,daiqj, iqjsfYaI fmkqu mdrsfNda.slhka

wdlrAIKh lr .ekSfuz m%Odku ,ÌKh jshX

fuz wkqj iafjdpz iud.u ;uka ksmojk Trf,daiq

j, wdlrAYKSh nj kxjd,Sug jsYd, jYfhka

wdfhdackh lf<ahX tu ldrAusl ie,iquz j,g ksis

wdrÌdj ,nd .ekSu ksid b;d by, m%;s,dN

w;alr .eksug tu iud.ug yels jshX

wkq.%yh( iafjdpz ta cs

19

Tn jsiska wdrÌKh lrk ,o ldrAusl

ie,iqula fjk;a mdrAYjhka jsiska wkqlrKh

lsrSu fyda l+gdKqlrKh lsrSu ksid

whs;sjdislï W,a,x>kh jSula is¥jkafka kuz

m<uq mshjr f,i tu ldrAHhh §w;aysgqjSfuz

fyda j,lajd,sfuz” ,smshla hejSu l< hq;=hX

fuysos ;uka i;= kS;Hdkql+, whs;sh ms<sn|j;a

th W,a,x>Kh lsrSfuka we;s jsh yels

m%;sjsmdl ms<sn|j;a tu mdrAYjh oekqj;a l<

hq;=hX fujeks ,smshla nqoêuh foam, ms<sn|

jsYdrofhl=f.a u. fmkajSu hgf;a ms<sfh, l<

hq;=hX fujeks ,smshla hejSfuka miqj mjd os.ska

os.gu wkqlrKh lsrSu fyda whs;sjdisluz

W,a,x>Kh lsrSu is\qjkafka kuz ta ms<sn|j

kS;suh mshjr .l hq;=hX mqrAj oekquz oSulska

f;drj tjeks wdh;khla fyda mqoa.,hl= fj;

f.dia mrsÌd lsrSu is\ql< yels w;r ta i|yd

fmd,Sisfha yd Widjs ksfhda.hla ,nd .; hq;=h

iuyr rgj, frA.= kS;sh u.ska l+GdKqlrK

NdKav wdkhkh ms<sn| wdrlaIK jsOs jsOdk

i,iajd we;X

l+GdKqlrKh ms<sn|j is\qjSulos kS;suh

mshjr .; hq;af;a jD;a;sh kS;sfjzosfhl=f.a

Wmfoia ,nd .ekSfuka wk;=rej muKsX

05X ldrAusl ie,iquz wdrÌKhms<sn|j fjk;a kS;suh fuj,uz

fudaia;r ioZyd m%;srEmk whs;sh wdrÌKh yd

ldrAusl ie,iquz wdrÌKh w;r fjki l+ulao@

iuyr rgj, n, mj;akd kS;sh wkqj fudaia;r

i|yd m%;srEmk whs;sh ysusfjzX WodyrK f,i fros

ms<s fudaia;r" fmfyluz fudaia;r oelajsh yelsh"

fndfyda rgj, fujeks NdKav i|yd m%;srEmk

whs;sh fukau ldrAusl ie,iqï ms<sn| whs;sh kS;sh

u.ska ,nd fohsX iuyr rgj, fuu wx. fol

tlsfklska mqrAK jYfhka mrsndysr f,i i,ld

kS;suh wdjrKh i,id we;X

Tn jsiska fudaia;rhla wdrÌdlr .ekSug woyia

lrkq ,nkafka kï m%;srEmk whs;sh yd ldrAusl

ie,iqï hk wx. fol fjka fjkaj y\qkd .;

hq;=hX

fuu wx. fol w;r uq,sl fjkialuz my; whqrska

oelajsh yelX

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,shdmosxpshldrAusl ie,iquz ms<sn| kS;ss hgf;a ldrAusl

ie,iqula ,shdmosxps lsrSfuzos wod, ie,iqu

m%isoaOshg m;a lsrSug m%:u ,shdmosxps lsrSu

l< hq;=hX huz fyhlska wod, ie,iqu

wKqlrKhg fyda l+GdKqlrKhlg Ndckh

jqjfyd;a ,shdmosxps iy;slh bosrsm;a lsrsu

u.ska ie,iqfuz ysusldrs;ajh ms<sn|j

Yla;su;a f,i ;yjqre lr .ekSug yelshX

m%;srEmk whs;sh ms<sn| ;;a;ajh uSg jvd

fjkiafjzX tkuz jsOsu;a ,shdmosxpsjSulska

f;drj jqjo ksrAudKhl kS;Hdkql+, whs;sh

ksrAudKlreg ysusfjzX kuq;a iuyr rgj,

mj;sk jsOsu;a f,aLKdrÌKd.drhlg ;u

ksrAudKh bosrsm;a lr iy;slhla ,nd f.k

huz wdrÌKhla ,nd .ekSfuz yelshdj we;X

ld, iSudjldrAusl ie,iqula ,shdmosxps lsrSu u.ska ,nk

wdrÌdj jir 10 isg 25 olajd ld,hlg n,

meje;afjzX fuu ld, iSudj ,shdmosxpsh b,a,quz

lrk rg wkqj fjkia fjzX idudkHfhka

,shdmosxps l%shdj,shg os.= ld,hla .; jk

ksid iuyr ie,iquz i|yd wdjrKh ,nd

.ekSug wmyiq wjia:do olakg ,efnzX

WodyrK f,i js,dis;d oekajsh yelX

,shdmosxps lsrSfuz l%shdj,sh wjika jSug fmr

js,dis;djl wdhqld,h wjika jsh yelshX

iuyr rgj, m%;srEmk whs;sh wod, ysuslre

ushf.dia jir 50 fyda 75la muK olajd

n,d;aulj mj;sk whqrska kS;s ilid we;X

wdrÌKhg wod, jsIh m:h

ldrAusl ie,iqula ,shdmosxpsh ;=,ska

,shdmosxps lrkakdg ysusjkafka mru whs;shls’

ta wkqj ks;Hdkql+, ysuslref.a whs;Ska

W,a,x>kh lsrsula we;s wjia:djl th ys;d

u;d l, fohla fkdjQjo kS;Hdkql+,

ysuslref.a whs;Ska W,a,x>kh lsrsula f,i

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