FISHERIES-AND MARINE SERVICE ARCHIVES I

Translation Series No. 3317

Effect of low storage temperature on the stability of medicinalcod-liver oil

by J. Kozlowska, and A. Fiebig

Original title: ' Wplyw ni-zszych tempeTatur przechowywania,na,trwalosctranu leczniczegô

From: Rozpr. Wydz. 3: Nàûk. Mat. Przyr. Gdansk. Tow. Nauk.- 3(29): 225-229, 1972

Translated by-the Translation Bureau(TP)MultilingualServices Division

Department of the Secretary of State of Canada

Department of the EnvironmentFisheries and Marine Service

Halifax LaboràtoryHalifax, N. S.

1974

pages typescript

i

i

C

.

MULTILINGUAL SERVICES ^wvIr"r DIVISION DES SERVICES

DIVISIONCANADA

MULTILINGUES

ir-Al 3317TRANSLATED FROM - TRADUCTION DE

Poli-3h

AUTHOR - AUTEUR

Kozlowaka,J. and Fiebig,A.

(

INTO - EN

TITLE IN ENGLISH - TITRE ANGLAIS

Effect of low atora,^;e temperature on the ^3tabilityof medicinal cod-liver oil

TITLE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE ( TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS)

TITRE EN LANGUE ETRANGÉRE (TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÉRES ROMAINS)

T+plyw nizszych temperatur przechowywania na trwalosc

REFERENCE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (NAME OF BOOK OR PUBLICATION) IN FULL. TRANSLITERATEFOREIGN CHARACTERS.REFÉRENCE EN LANGUE ETRANGERE (NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION). AU COMPLET, TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÈRES ROMAINS.

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1972

Fisherie,i Jervice

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Jecember 9, 1974

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Rozprawy T.iydzialu III Gdanskiego Towarzystwa Yaukoweqo, No.9, 1972, pp.225-229

Effect of low .torage temperature on 1.1MITED TRANSLATION

For infornle'rion only stability of medicinal cod-liverre

by Infarrneiell s,---,teemes'es r.31.JrTECN NON REvisza

Kozlowska,J. and Fiebig,A.

At the Institute for Drug Technology and Analysis, Unit for Applied Phariaaceutics, I'harmaceutics Faculty of the Medical Academy in Gdansk Director: Jr.A.Fiebig

Oil extracted from the liver of different species /225

Of fishes of the gadid family is one of the valuable

products obtained by the processing of marine fishes. •

After its purification, this oil is used as medicinal

cod-liver oil. Its theralpeutical value is assessed in

terms of its content in vitamins A and J and hij.:hly un-

saturated fatty acids.

Cod-liver oils have a relatively limited stability

because of their unsaturated character. Vitamin A con-

tained in cod-liver oil under-zoos the greatest variation.

The high sensibility of vitamin a to oxidation is due to

its chemical structure. 3everal authors /1-5/ have noted

the close correlation which exists between the diminution

5 05.-200-I 0 ,..S1

2

of the vitamin A con -Gent of cod-liver oil .11d the increase

of its peroxide value.

_itudying the e.;dsting literature, one can note that

several works are concerned with the prevention of oxiiation

processes during both the production and storae of cod-

liver oil /5-13/. There is less information however about

the effect of lower storac,e temperatures on the stability

of frequently used medicinal cod-liver oils. For this

reason, in the course of this research we studied the

changes occurrinE in cod-liver oil stored at 0°:_-;, -100 0

and -260 C, under conditions of normal and accelerated

ageing.

Exnertnents

Jomestic and imported cod-liver oils were stplied.

Both corresonded to the standards set by the pharmaco

poeia for medicinal cod-liver oil. They were stored for

3 years in completely filled opaque recentacles at 00 C,

-10°3 and -260 0, and, for purposes of conparison, at

200 C ( 2°C) and 10°C ( ) 0 C).

ftriodically the oils were examined and the fol-

lowing values were established: vitamin A content, by

s:ectrophotemetry /14i; peroxide value, by the Uheeler

method (conversed into the Lea number); acid value and

refractive index followinc the Polish PhL;rmacopoeia 111

(2P 111); iodine value, by the Ilanus method. The resistance

aainst oxidation was determined by means of the accelerated

agein: test, adapted to the evaluation of the stability of

3

medicinal cod-liver oil /14i. In order to evaluate thid pro-

perty, the time of total destruction of vitamin was used. .

'fables 1 and 2 show the average redultd of 3 analyses.

Iii3CUjji011 of redults

Comparidon of the results concerning the storage

for 3 years of cod-liver.oil in comletely filled recep-

tacles at different temperatures shows that the decrease

in vitamin A content is relatively small, never more than

10,.;. Other quality indices duch as acid value, iodine value

and refractive index also show little change, within the

allowed limitd. In the domestic cod-liver oil only, dtored

at 20°C, the acid value slightly surpasse d (3,090 ) the

limit allowed by the pharmacopoeia.

The periodically determined peroxide value for

cod-liver oil stored at low temperatures (0° C, -10 0 J and

-260C) deems to be of interest. After storage for 3 years,

the eroxide value in all cases reached about 10, which

marks the end of the induction period. The accelerated

ageiner test proved also that after this storage time the

stability of the cod-liver oild under study .ras limited.

As shown in table 1, the initial 2eriod of redistance

againdt oxidation of both cod-liver oils was 120 min.,

decreadin after 3 years to 75 min. for the domestic cod-

liver oil ,tored at 0°C and to 60 plin. for that stored

at -100 ,-; and -2°C. In the cade of the imported cod-liver

oil dtored at 0°C, the resistance a .jaindt oxidation fell

to 45 min. and to 40 min. if dtored at -10°C and -260C,

Table 1

Results obtained by periodical anal,;sis of medicinal cod-liver oilstored at 0°C, -100C and -26°C

e

1,1.alyses Initialvalues

,5

OaC

2 ,5

I

°3

'0,5 ^ 1

--lV ^

2 ,5 (

753

^

3 ^ 0.5 ^

751 775

2

772

,5 t

767

-_-

2,5 1

763

-.- --.-

3

760_U

I 307 779 761 750 747 747 778 774 776 .

gp of

dec rea s a 0 ,73 ,75 ,05 ,1"v-^-

7,45 ,73 ,10 ,83 204, G 95 3,97 4,35 4,90 5,47 5,50

- • . ^

'7a lu9

'6 ;

8,2 ? , 7 8,2 8,8 9,8 8,4 0,6 los

'

11,5 11,8 6,9 9,0 8,8 9,4 10,9

r- `C ,. .:µlu,3

,

2 52 2 51 512 252 2,30 2,30 2, 7 2,35 ^22,^ 2,47 2,20 2,17 2,162,23 2,23 2,48 , , , ,

4177 176 5 176 0 01777 173 1 177 4 6175 176 0 1'r6,5 173: 178,9 178,0 1773, 177,8 170,5 , , , ,

lc e :a- . 1 5 , , , ,

1 4305 47951 1;1502 1,dd01 1,4S01 1,4801 1,4501 1,4805 1,4800 1,4798 1,4500 1;•IS01 1,4801 1,a790 1,4S00 1,4795

, ,

T• ., 01 .•"a

i 120 -- 90 90 - 75 90 75 - 60 90 75 - 60

S1.r. m-

1135 1120 1114 1113

I!F/ 1161 1143 1113 • 1098 1090 1085 1147 1135 112 1100 1096 1149 ^g

^

^

Vita*^in A --bofdecreas ' 0, 1,12 4,15 5,40 6,12 6,55 1,20 2,24 4,22 5,25 5,60 1,04 2,24 3,53 4,Oar

4,1..-^

eroxide valueE ) d 3 7,3 7,6 S,0 8,3 8,0 5,3 6,7 S,0 9,7 10,4 4,1 5,4 6,7 8,4 10,7

Lez number

id valueF

l

,

0,21

169

0,22

167 6

0,41

166 3

0,46

7166

---

0,47

68 ,5

0,48

169,0

0,24

169,2

0,38

168,9

0,37

169,3

0,35

169,9

0,36

169,5

0,25

163,4

0,37

171,0

0,32

171,4

0,32-

170,5

0,31

171,5

Iodine va ue , , ,1

} Refractive index (27°)I

--

42001 47951 48001 ];1300 1,4801 1;48011

1,4300 1,4800 1,4799 1,4795 1,4796 I1,4800

.

1_4300 1,1796 1r1700 1,470 0

,---

,---

,-----•- ----- ---., -

î me of vita^^in ^1^

destruction in min.

-

120 - 0 O - 5 -0

50

- 40 -. , -GO

-----50

- - -40

;able 2

nesults obtained by periodical analysis of medicinal cod-liver oil stored at 20°C and 100C

Initial » 20°C (±2°C) I . 10°C (±4°C) Analyses va lues . Storage time in years •

0,5 1 2 2,5 I 3 1 0,3 1 2 2,5 1 3 IT.Vg 807 774 760 '755 749 747 806 803 776 754 748

H Vitamin A •,-1- o of decre ase 0 4,105,85 6,45 7,20 7,45 0,12 0,50 3,84 6,55 7,30

_ -

Peroxide value › (T,ea number) 6,5" . 5,5 3,9 6,5" 11 ,7 . 5,8 2,2 3,5 5,3 6,8 •,-! * ril -A-a-d-va-lue 2,23 2,57 2,71 2,81 2,96 3,‘. 9 2,35 2,56 2,57 2,60 2,70 m

Iodine, value • 175,0 177,5 115,2 176,2 175,8 175,3 175,2 .175,7 176,3 176,0 175,5

-e,-. 1) Refractive index (200 ) +, 1,4805 1,4865 1,482 1,4801 1,4801 1,4801 1,4805 1,4800 1,4801 1,4802 1,4802 rn

-TiMe of vita min A • destruction in min. 120 . - 90 90 - 65 - 90 90 -- '75

H Vitamin A nil g 1161 1110 1126 1102 1096 1080 1158 1185 1125 1116 . 1094 ,--1 o % of decreast 0 1,81 3,00 5,10 . 5,60 0,90 0,26 2,24 3,00 3,87 5,75

e-1 Peroxide value cn ef (Lea number) 4,2 4,2 4,2 4,9 6,9 12,5 4,2 4,6 5,2 6,5 - «) r,- ,-1

I Acid value 71 . 0,21 0,42 0,43 0,47 0,48 0,48 0,88 0,42 0,42 0,45 0,46 . o - o Iodine value 169,0 171,3 166,0 167,2 I 168,5 167,8 170,2 170,1 168,8 160,0 168,4

'n Refra ctive index ( 20°) 1,4800 1,4800 1,4709 1,4800 1,4801 1,4801 1,4800 1,4800 1,4860 1,4800 1,1801

o - a. Time of vitamin A . I-I destruction in min. 120 .-7 GO . 50 - 45 ' - 60 50 45 . -

6

tiariich proves that be oil

fOr

co^.ld have been Aored before

a longer period. In therase of cod-liver oil with

.such a:J.ecre^^.3ed re•.A,3tance -- ^dinst oxidation there is the

danger of a high peroxide ir. r='ease and of a diminution of227

the vita;nin A content if st(-, '-F'd in adverse conditions, e. Q.

in receptacles only half fil, -ed •

The r eàult3 obtained lead to the conclusion that

,3toragé at low tem;r.)erature ::.',es not prevent cod-liver oil

from oxidation.

-During our research, concealment of cod-liver oil

stored at =100u and -2ô0^̀̂ T^v^:^; :^ noticed. In relation to this,

it is pos6ible that the inc^,,(,-ase of the peroxide value is

directly related to the lac'/ of homogeneity of the con-

gealed oil and perhaps to t^,.o preaence of natural anti-

ôXidan.ts in the solid phas6.

^omparing the data _>hown in tables 1 and 2, we can

see that the most favourabl,: jtorage temperature of medi-

cinal cod-1iver oil is l0°31. At this temperature, the

changes in both cod=liver o--Ils 3tored for 3 years were the

_lowèst: P-ïoreover, in the ar.)iliestic cod-liver oil the per-

ôxide Value remained nracti.calll the same.

'!.'hesefindin-s cora'`-ànon:l to the standards of the

pharmacôpoeia «ccording to which medicinal cod-liver oil

should be stored in a cool olace, at no more than 15°3'.

Research u7ing the accelerated ?geiig process

showed however that at thi.i temneratiire also the natural

resistance of the cod^-livei' oils against oxidation -1(creaaea

.ièjpitc the ^-_i„parentlÿ atol,le peroxide value.

7

It follows that in order to fully evaluate medicinal

cod-liver oils ,torcd for a longer period we should also know

their resistance against oxidation.

Conclusions

1. Research proved that low storage temperatures,

00C, -10°0 and -26 0 3, do not prevent medicinal cod-liver

oils from oxidation.

2. The lowest changes in the peroxide value occurred

in samples of cod-liver oil stored at 10 0 3 .

3. Research by means of the accelerated ageing

test showed that the natural resistance of cod-liver oil

against oxidation decreases regardless of the storage

temperature. BibliogrAphy

Loven.L, Anderson L, Harrison C. V, Ind. Eng. Chem, 29, 151

09e. 14 Smith E. L., Biochem. J., 33, 201, 1939. • 14 Simons E. J., Buxton L. 0, Colman' H. B, Ind. Eng. Chem., 32, 706

(1910). 11 Dattatreya Rao., Indian J. IVIed. Res., 33, 63 (1915).

_ [5] By czkowski 5., Kiewliez \V„ Prace Komisji Farmareutycznej, t.

3, 157 (1962). [6] Vantagh G., Pharm. Z-halle, 83, 431 (1942). 171 Wierzchowski J., Farmacja,Pol, 5, 495 (1949). [8] Wier zeh owski J., Farmmeja Pol, 6, 13 (1950). p] By ezk owski S., Farmacja Pol., 7, 203 (1951). •

UM Créaeh P. V., Oleagineux, 10. 301 (1953). • 11 NV o d snk W., Fette th Seiren, 57, 491 (1955).

(1 21 Erbe S., Arch. Pharm., 201, 1 (1953).

/13/ Tluszcze rybne 1 mozliwosci ich wykorzystania w Polsce (Fish fats and their possible use in Poland) J series, Collective work, Gdynia 1965

/14/ Kozlowska,J., Acta Polon.Pharm., 23, 545 (1966)

1.eceived on July 1, 1971

Summary

In the present paper evaluation of the medicinal cod-liver oils stored at different temperatures, with special consideration of low temperatures (0°, —10°

and —26 °C), has been carried out. During a 3-year storage, the contents of Vita- . min A in the oils, as well as sdir.e other indices, characteristic for fats and f; ; tty

oils, have been cleterznineci. Besides the above mentioned, the natural resistance of the stored oils against oxidation has been determined by means .of the accelerated ageing te.it.

The results of testingS have shown, that the applied low storage temperatures • did not preserved the cod-liver oils from oxidation. After a 3-year storage the

peroxide value of the oils increased to 10. It was also stated that the course of the oxidation processes was the slowest at +10 ° C.

The investigations had also shown that the natural resistance of the ois against oxidation decreases irrespectively of the applied storage temperature. Hence,

in order to receive the full characteristic of the stored cod-liver oils it is adVisable to control them also periodicallY by means of the aceelerated ageing test.