cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K...

42

Transcript of cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K...

Page 1: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

� ��������������� �����������������

��������! #"%$&"�')(�*+��,+-+./(0��12"

354 ��6�798:8<;>=?8<@A8<B�;DC�;>EGFIHJ8:6�;>K�8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K�UI7VK�;>;SH:7QK�UWFIK�=YXZ@�6WE 4 8<;>H 3 RS7Q;SK�R>;7QK?EGFIHJ8:7[FIP2M 4 PQ\GPQPV6W;SK�8]@^M�8:B�;_H:;S` 4 7QH:;>6�;>Ka8:bcMd@�H]8<B�;_=�;>U�H:;>;e@^M

f F^bJ8<;>HL@IM 3 R>7V;>K�RS;_7VKgXZ@�6WE 4 8:;SH 3 R>7V;>K�RS;eFIK�=gN+K�U�7VK�;S;SHJ7VK�U

Fh8c8<B�;

fgi 3�3 i X]jlk 3 N�mcm 3onqpl3 m n mLkrmLNtsuvmLN�X]j p sw#s_x�y

f F)�oz){�{�{

R| f F^b:b<F^R}B 4 b:;>8J8<b n K�bJ8:7Q8 4 8<;_@IM�m�;>R}B�K�@�PQ@�UI�~z){�{I{�� i PQP�H:7QU�B�8<bcHJ;Sb:;>HJ�I;S=��

i 4 8<B�@�H��S�>�S�>�S�S���S�>�S�>�S�S�>�S�>�S�S�>�>�>�S�>�S�S�>�S�>�S�S�>�S���S�>�S�S�>�S�>�S�S�>�S�>�>�>�S�S�>�S�>�S�S�>�S�>�S���S�S�>�S�>�S�S�>�S�>�S�S���S�>�S�C�;>EGFIHJ8:6�;>K�8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K�UI7VK�;>;SH:7QK�UWFIK�=gXZ@�6WE 4 8:;SH 3 RS7Q;SK�R>;

f F)�g�^����z){�{I{

XZ;SH�8<79\G;S=����Z�T�>�S���S�>�S�S�>�S�>�S�S�>�S�>�>�>�S�S�>�S�>�S�S�>�S�>�S���S�S�>�S�>�S�S�>�S�>�S�S���S�>�S�>�S�S�>�S�>�S�S�>�>�>�S�>�S�S�>�S�>�S�S�>�S���S�>�f 7VR}BGF^;SP 3 7QE�b:;>H

� H:@IMd;>b:b:@IH�@^M f Fh8<B�;>6�F^8:7VR>bmcB�;>b:7Vb 354 E�;SH���7Vb:@IH

i R>RS;>E�8<;>=Y���D�T�S�>�S�S�>�S�>�S�S�>�S���S�>�S�S�>�S�>�S�S�>�S���S�>�S�S�>�S�>�S�S�>�S�>�>�>�S�S�>�S�>�S�S�>�S�>�S���S�S�>�S�>�S�S�>�S�>�S�S���S�>�S�>�S�S�i H�8<B 4 HrXl� 3 6W7Q8:B

XZBGF^7VH:6�FIK���C�;SEGF^HJ8<6W;SK�8lXZ@�6W6�798:8:;S;�@�KgxH<FI= 4 F^8<; 3 8 4 =�;>K�8<b

Page 2: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

Page 3: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

������������� ��������������� ������

3 @IM ��F��rF^b��aB�@�=�K�7 �^@)�IF

!#"�$�%'&)(*(*+-,.(*/'(10�+32�+54�6871(1%9+-:;(</�=?>�@)+-AB(*7C&)A56�@D>�:�E�&):�+5+57C&F:�E96�:G,�HI/�%94�"G(*+57�!#A5&J+-:GAB+/�:�KL6-M ��NPO�Q-R�R�RPO &):.4S6871(1&)6�@T=U"G@JV�@)@F%9+-:W(�/�=?(10�+

71+-X;"�&J71+-%9+-:;(1YZ= /�7[(10�+3,�+5E�71+5+\/�=KL6�Y*(*+57</�=�!#A5&J+-:�AB+3&):�HI/�%94�"G(*+57�!#A5&J+-:GAB+36�:�,]>�:�E�&F:�+5+57C&):�E

^`_ ����a�b��P�c +94G71+-Y1+-:W(d&)%94�71/�e�+-,`6�@JE�/�7C&)(10G%'Y�=f/�7d(*+-Y1(1&):�Eg%9/�:�/�(*/�:G&FA5&J( ML/�=�=U"G:GAB(1&J/�:GY-hji�6�%9+-@JM O E�&Je�+-:`(10�+68$�&)@F&J( ML(*/LXP"�+571M`6�:k"G:�l#:�/�m<:`= "�:GAB(1&J/�:knpoqIr�stvu O m<0�+571+.qw6�:G,kux6871+'V�:G&)(*+9/�7C,�+571+-,yY1+5(1Y O(10�+3(*+-Y1(<6�@Jmz6-M#Y<6�A5AB+54G(1Y{6'%9/�:�/�(*/�:�+|n`6�:G,.71+~}*+-AB(1Y{n�m<&J(10g0�&JE�0.4G71/�$�68$S&)@)&J(�M�&J=�&)([&)Y[����=U687[= 71/�%$T+-&):�E9%9/�:�/�(*/�:G+��U&�h�+�h O &J=�+5e�+571Mg%9/�:�/�(*/�:�+3=U"G:GAB(1&)/�:�,�&���+57�Yz=f71/�%�n�/�:�%9/�71+d(10G6�:g6�:��[=f7�6�AB(1&J/�:/�=D(10�+j,�/�%'6�&F:S��h���/�7Z6�:WM.�[��� O (10�+jXP"�+571M�AB/�%94S@J+B�#&)( M9/�=D(10�+j(*+-Y*(Z&)YZ�'�*� ���8�����C@J/�Ej��q3���C@J/�Ej� u<����h� 0�+d4�71+5eP&)/�"GYz$T+-Y*(ZlP:G/�m<:g$T/�"G:�,pmz6�Y���'�*� �D���8�����P��q\� ���#� u<����h

c +�6�@)Y*/'4�71+-Y*+-:;(<6�:L6�@)(*+57C:G68(1&Je�+3(*+-Y1({= /�7<(10�+\$�/P/�@J+-6�:�7C6�:�E�+|u��w ��#¡ Q£¢ m<0�/�Y1+\X;"G+571MgAB/�%��4�@J+B��&J(�Mg��� �D�5�8�C���I&)Y[&):�,�+54T+-:G,�+-:;(�/�=?6�@J4�0G68$T+5([Y1&)¤5+p��q3�¥h

� 0�+-YC&)Y<!#"�4T+571e#&)Y*/�7-o¦KL&)AC0G68+-@�!#&J4�Y*+57� &J(1@)+�o�§�71/�= +-Y1Y*/�7[/�=¦KL68(10�+-%'68(1&)A5Y

¨

Page 4: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

� ����������q���� �#�]���

� 6�% e�+571M`E�7C68(*+5=U"G@¦(*/�% M 6�,�e#&)Y*/�7 O §�71/�= +-Y1Y*/�7 KL&)AC0�68+-@I!#&J4SY*+57 O = /�7\&):G,G&FY*4T+-:GY168$�@J+ ,G&)Y1A5"GYCY1&J/�:GY O6�,�e#&)AB+ O 4�68(1&J+-:GAB+ O 6�:G,`Y1"�4�4�/�7C(5h � 0G&)Y<m�/�7Cl]mI6�Yj,�/�:G+|&):LAB/�@)@)68$T/�7C68(1&J/�:Lm<&J(10 ��+5e;E�+-:�&JML2�/#,G&)Y O�j,�+-,��j/�@),�71+-&)A�0 O >�7C&)A��+-0G%'6�: O 2�6�:�6��[/�: O 6�:G,���@J+B�\!#6�%9/�71/#,G:G&J(1Y1l;M�h � 6�% +-Y14�+-A5&F6�@)@JM<(10�6�:�l;=U"G@(*/p>�7C&)A��+-0G%'6�:�m<0�/'4G7C/�4�/�Y1+-,g(10G&)Y<4G71/�$�@J+-% (*/.%9+�h[K�M]Y1&):GAB+571+\E�7C68(1&J(1"G,�+\E�/;+-Y{(*/���+5ePE�+-:G&JM6�:G, >�7C&)A�=f/�7'%�6�:WM�=f7�"G&J(*=U"G@�,�&)Y1A5"GY1YC&J/�:GY|6�:G, Y1@J+5+54�@)+-Y1Y�:G&JE�0;(1Y5h � 6�% 0G684G4PMk(*/ 6�A1l#:�/�m<@)+-,�E�+KL&)AC0G68+-@��d7C&Je#&)@J+5e#&)AC0�6�:G,�KL6�,G0P"L!#"G,�6�:pm{0�/�Y*+3Y1"�E�E�+-Y1(1&J/�:GY[6871+3&F:GAB/�714T/�7C68(*+-,g&):;(*/'(10G&)Yz(10G+-Y1&)Y5h� :`4�6871(1&)A5"G@F687 O §�71/�4T/�Y1&)(1&J/�: Q � &)Yd,G"�+�(*/LKL&)A�0G68+-@��d7C&)eP&)@)+5eP&)A�0�h � A56�:G:�/�(dVS:G,`m�/�7�,GYj(*/](10G6�:�l� /�7C&)YZ+-:G/�"�E�0g= /�7<0G&)YZY1"G4G4T/�71(Z6�:G,g0�+-@J4]&):g6�@F@D6�Y*4T+-AB(1YZ/�=¦%\M.@)&J= +�h

� 0�&)Yzm�/�7Clpmz6�Y<Y1"G4G4T/�71(*+-,�$;Mgid!#��E�7C6�:W( R�� � ¨�¨ � � H[H��3h

Page 5: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

� �����������

� �� ������������������� �Q h Q �j684�§�71/�4T+571(�M � +-Y*(1&):�E h3h3h\hdh3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h �Q h � ��/�7C%|"G@)68(1&)/�:]/�=��j"�7[§�7C/�$�@J+-% h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h Q h ¨ ��e�+571e#&J+5m /�=?/�"�7 �[+-Y1"G@)(1Y h3h\hdh3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h RQ h � ��71E�6�:�&J¤-68(1&J/�: h\hdh3h3hdh3h3h\hdh3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h Q �

! "#��$&%'�)(*�) �+,�-�'$/. �/0

0 12�) �+3��4�56%'7�8�+,9:$;�<+3 =�?>@+3 =A3$ �CB¨ h Q !#0G&)=f(1&):GE ��4T+57C68(*/�7ED�F hdh3h3h\hdh3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h Q-N¨ h � � %94G71/�e�+-,�!#0G&)=f(1&):GE ��4T+57C68(*/�7EDHGF h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h Q

I JK$C.L�M�) �A*NO�P =�,���� =�'�;���Q4��P �+SRT�' =$VUW�M8=$ �L� Q �X+3.�$,Y !��� h Q KL68(1AC0G&):GE �D+-%'%�6 h3h3hdh3h3h\hdh3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h �#Q� h � !#&)%'4�@J+j2�&FY*(*7C&J$�"G(1&J/�:[Z]\ h3h3h\hdh3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h � �

� h ¨ ��4G(1&F%'6�@�2j&)Y*(*7C&J$S"�(1&J/�:[Z � h3h\hdh3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h ��¨� h � 2j&)Y*(*7C&)$�"�(1&J/�:[ZP^j= /�7 � /;/�@)+-6�: �<6�:�E�+ h3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h ���

B _`�)(a$C =.��'�P �>@$C������������ ?bc�3�d1e���P%'$C+3 ?f=�H ��������� �. !��� h Q !P/�71(1&F:�E ��4T+57C68(*/�7 h3h3hdh3h3h\hdh3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h � � h � 2j&)%9+-:GYC&J/�: �[+-,G"�AB(1&J/�:ghdh3h3h\hdh3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h ¨ �� h ¨ §�7C/;/�=�/�= � 0�+5/�71+-% ¨ h3hdh3h3h\hdh3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h ¨ �

g JK$C.L�M�) �A*NO�P =�,���� =�'�;���Q4��ChP$C�`i6$C =$C�M+3%K>d+3 =A3$C. 0,IN h Q ��4T+57C68(*/�7CYkj�l=m�n=j�o O3pEq=r�q?O 6�:�,ts�u;vwn�x hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h ¨��

Page 6: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

N h � �<6�:GE�+��[+-,G"�AB(1&J/�: h3h3hdh3h3h\hdh3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h ¨ �N h ¨ §�7C/;/�=�/�= � 0�+5/�71+-% � h3hdh3h3h\hdh3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h3hdh\h3h3hdh3h ¨�R

� �<7 $& " �M�P9H%'$&( . I��

N

Page 7: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

� ��������� �

�������� � � ��� ���

����� �������! � � � ��� �����a�G�����

�j684�§�71/�4T+571( M � +-Y*(1&):�E \ �UAB=~h O#"�Q-¨#OWR%$ ��&)Y¦63E�+-:�+57C6�@�= /�7C%|"G@)68(1&J/�:|/�=�AB/�%94�"�(168(1&)/�:G6�@#(16�Y*l#Y�&):|m<0G&FAC0/�:�+9&)Y{(*/],�+5(*+57C%'&F:�+\m<0G+5(10�+57d6pE�&)e�+-:`/�$#}�+-AB(d0G6�Yj6�4�6871(1&FA5"G@)687�4G71/�4T+571( M�/�73&)Y'&�=U687)(.= 71/�%v6�:WM/�$#}*+-AB(p0G6�eP&F:�Ey(10�+L4G71/�4T+571( M�h � M*&�= 687)(km�+�%9+-6�: (10G68('/�:�+�:�+5+-,GY'(*/�%9/#,G&J= M (10�+�/�$#}�+-AB(�68(%'6�:;ML4S@)6�AB+-Yd(*/g/�$G(16�&):k6�: /�$#}*+-AB(3m<&J(10�(10�+94G7C/�4�+57C( M�h � 0P"GY O mI+9+B�#A5@F"G,�+9= 71/�% AB/�:GY1&),G+57C68(1&J/�:&):�4S"�(Z/�$#}*+-AB(1Y{m{0G&)AC0L6871+,+.-0/21034/6587:9%3 O (10G68(�&FY O m<0G&FAC0�@F6�A1l](10�+ 4G71/�4T+571(�Mg$�"�(<6871+�A5@J/�Y*+ (*/p/�(10G+57CY0G6�eP&):GE3&J(5h��{@)@)/�m<&):GEj687C$�&J(*7C6871M|+57171/�7�Y¦/�:'$T/�7C,�+57�@)&):�+I&):GY*(16�:GAB+-Y�+-:G68$�@J+-Y�"GY¦(*/\,�+-YC&JE�:'%|"GAC0p%9/�71++<;�A5&J+-:;([(*+-Y*(1Y-h

� M;4S&)A56�@)@JM O (10G+9E�/�6�@�&)Yd(*/�4�+57C=f/�7C%vE�684 4G71/�4T+571(�ML(*+-Y*(1&F:�Egm<&J(10G&F:�AB/�%'4�@J+B��&J( M`Y1%'6�@)@)+57d(10G6�:(10�+�Y1&J¤5+[/�=T(10�+{/�$#}�+-AB(5h � =�63(*+-Y*(1&F:�E\6�@JE�/�7C&)(10G% 71+-AB+-&)e�+-,�6�:'/�$�}�+-AB(z6�Y�&J(1Y�&):�4�"G( O }*"GY1(�71+-6�,G&):GE3(10�+,�+-Y1AB7�&J4G(1&J/�: /�=S(10G+I/�$�}�+-AB(¦mI/�"G@),|(168l�+<%9/�7C+I(1&F%9+z(10�+-:�(*+-Y*(1&):�E�h � :GY*(*+-6�, O (*/36�e�/�&),9(10G68(?4G7C/�$�@J+-% O(10�+�6�@JE�/�7C&J(10G% &)Y3E�&)e�+-: /�7�6�A5@J+�� $�@F6�A1ly$T/-���d6�A5AB+-YCY (*/`6�:G68(1"�7C6�@�+-:GAB/P,�&):�E]/�=Z(10�+p/�$#}*+-AB(|6�Y�6=U"G:GAB(1&J/�:�h � 0�+9AB/�%94�@J+B��&J( ML/�=�(10�+96�@JE�/�7�&J(10G%v&)Yj%9+-6�Y1"�7C+-, &):�(*+57C%'Yj/�=�(10G+�:P"G% $T+57�/�=IX;"G+57C&J+-Y(*/'(10�+\/�7C6�A5@J+�h

!#&F:GAB+�6�@JE�/�7C&)(10G%'Y9+-%94S@J/�M�+-, &):�E�684 4G71/�4T+571( M (*+-Y*(1&F:�E %'&)E�0W(�:G/�(�0G6-e�+�(1&)%9+�(*/k71+-6�, (10�++-:;(1&J71+�&):G4�"�( O &J(3&FY\:G68(1"�7�6�@¦(*/L6�@)@)/�m = /�7\+5717C/�7CY5h � 0�+571+5= /�71+ O E�684 4G71/�4T+571(�M�(*+-Y1(*+57CY 687C+�"GY1"G6�@F@JM4G71/�$S68$�&)@)&)Y1(1&)A8h � 0;"GY O 6�E�684`4G7C/�4�+57C( M.(*+-Y*(*+57d0G6�Y{(*/�,�+5(*+57�%'&):�+3m{&J(10�0G&)E�0]4G71/�$S68$�&)@)&J(�Mpm{0�+5(10�+5769=U"G:GAB(1&J/�: O Y14�+-A5&)VG+-,.$;M�(10�+3/�7�6�A5@J+ O $T+-@J/�:�E�Yz(*/�Y1/�%9+\A5@)6�Y1Y[/�7<&)Y&�=U687)(9= 71/�%�(10G&FYZA5@)6�Y1Y5h

��4�7C&)%'6871M�6�,�e86�:W(168E�+j/�=DE�684.4G7C/�4�+57C( M�(*+-Y*(1&):�E�6�@JE�/�7C&)(10G%'Y�&FY�(10G68(I(10�+-&J7zAB/�%94�@J+B��&J(�M'A56�:p$T+

=?>A@8BDCFE?GIHJGKEDE?GMLON?CQP�BSRTE?CVU4P)U%W8@8W8BXN?WZY[RTE?CVR\GIEDN^]�N?GIBXN?WZ_a`abaRaE?C�R\GIEDNc]�N?GdBXN?W8_%`Tb\P)_4LeBDR\C)NAYKfaGdYKghW8_%`Ti

Page 8: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

+B�#4�/�:G+-:W(1&)6�@F@JM�Y1%'6�@F@J+57j(10G6�: (10G68(d/�=I+B�#6�AB( ,�+-A5&)Y1&J/�:�4G7C/PAB+-,G"G71+-Y5h � :`684G4�@F&)A568(1&J/�:GY�m<0�+57C+'Y*/�%9++57171/�7�Y|687C+g(*/�@J+57C68$�@J+�E�684 4G71/�4T+571(�My(*+-Y*(*+57CY�A56�: Y16-e�+]6 @J/�(�/�=[(1&F%9+�h � 0�+5M�6871+g6�@)Y*/ "GY*+5=U"G@I6�Y4G71+54�71/PAB+-YCY*/�7CY'= /�7�4G71/#AB+-,G"�71+-Y�(10G68(�71+-XP"G&J7C+�&):�4�"G(9m<&J(10�4S6871(1&)A5"G@)687�4G71/�4T+571(1&J+-Y5h � : 6�,G,�&J(1&J/�: O(10�+5M'A56�:�$�+{"GY*+-,'&):�4G71/�E�7C6�% (*+-Y*(1&):�E\(*/ AC0G+-A1l�&J=�(10�+{/�"�(*4�"�(�/�=�(10G+[4G71/�E�7C6�% &)Y�A5@)/�Y*+[(*/ 0�6-e#&):�E71+-XP"G&J71+-,.4�71/�4T+571(1&J+-Yd� +�h�E�h�6'@F&)Y*(z71+5(1"�7C:G+-,.$;Mg69Y*/�71(1&F:�E94G71/�E�7C6�% &)Y[A5@J/�Y*+d(*/p$T+-&):�E9Y*/�71(*+-, "�N4$ ��h

KL"GAC0]m�/�71l�&):�(10G&)YZ6871+-6�mz6�Y[,�+5e�/�(*+-,](*/9(*+-Y*(1&):�E'6�@JE�+5$�7C6�&)A�4G71/�4T+571(1&J+-YI/�=�= "�:GAB(1&J/�:GYzY1"GA�0g6�Y@)&):G+-687C&J( M�� +�h�E�h O " �PODQ8O � OG¨%$ �I6�:G,g@)/�mZ� ,�+5E�7C+5+d4G71/�4T+571(1&J+-Yd� +�h�E�h O " ��O � ODQ-¨#O�Q �#O �a$ ��h��[+-AB+-:;(1@JM O Y*/�%9+68(*(*+-:;(1&J/�: mI6�Y.E�&)e�+-: (*/ (*+-Y*(1&F:�E�AB/�% $�&):�68(*/�7C&)6�@�4G71/�4T+571(1&J+-Yp/�=3=U"G:GAB(1&J/�:�Y � V�7CY*( O = /�7.= "G:�AB(1&J/�:GY71+54G7C+-Y*+-:W(1&F:�E`E�7C684�0GY "�R#OZQ � O[Q�Q $�O 6�:G, %9/�71+g71+-AB+-:;(1@JM =f/�79=U"G:GAB(1&J/�:�Y 4T+57'Y*+ "�N#O $ h � :�68(1"�7C6�@AB/�% $�&):G68(*/�7C&F6�@D4G71/�4T+571(�Mg/�=¦= "�:GAB(1&J/�:GY{&)Y{%'/�:�/�(*/�:G&)A5&J(�M O 6�:�,L&):�(10G&)Y<(10�+-Y1&)Y<m�+|=f/#A5"GY{/�:�(*+-Y1(1&):�E%9/�:�/�(*/�:�&)A5&J( M�h

����� � � �� � � �G�q�Z� ����� *� � � ����

c +<AB/�:GYC&),�+57?= "�:GAB(1&J/�:GY�m<&J(1096j(*/�(16�@F@JM\/�7C,G+571+-,�7C6�:�E�+<u O m<0G&)A�0|687C+[,�+5V�:�+-,|/�:9�T� Y*M#% $�/�@#Y*(*7�&):�E�Y/�e�+57[6|(*/�(16�@)@)M9/�7C,�+571+-,.6�@J4�0�68$�+5(Zq�h � 0�+571+j&)YI6 :�68(1"�7C6�@S4�6871(1&)6�@S/�7C,�+57�� ,�+5V�:�+-,�/�:p(10G+�Y*(*7�&):�E�Y&):`(10�+p,�/�%'6�&):�o���\�� � �5�5��� r ���&\�� � �5�5��� r &J=��3F�����FI= /�73+5e�+571M��{6�:G,��PF������FI=f/�7\Y1/�%9+�� O &�h�+�h� �!��&J="�.A56�:g$T+d/�$G(16�&):�+-,g= 71/�%#�L$;M.&):GAB7C+-6�Y1&):�E�/�:�+3/�7{%9/�71+\6�@J4S0G68$T+5(zY1MP% $T/�@)Y5h

_ $%$� H���M�'�P �'&)(+*-,/.1032546, nLoPqIr�st u 287:9 - 9%-6;I- 9%3 2 ( n¦�<�T�=� n¦�<����> 46?A@B7C(D46EGFDH6FIE+J �K�L�NM

� 0G68(I&)Y O 63=U"G:GAB(1&J/�:p&)Y�%9/�:G/�(*/�:�+�&)=T&F:GAB71+-6�Y1&):GE36�:p&):G4�"�(�Y*M#%\$T/�@S,�/;+-YI:�/�(I,�+-AB71+-6�Y*+�(10�+</�"G(*4�"�(5h� 0�+p,G&)Y*(16�:GAB+9/�=Z6�E�&Je�+-:y=U"G:GAB(1&J/�:`= 71/�% %9/�:�/�(*/�:�+�&)Y3%9+-6�Y1"G71+-, $PM�(10G+'=f7�6�AB(1&J/�:y/�=z4T/�&):;(1Y3&):(10�+\,G/�%'6�&):./�:gm<0�&)AC0g&J([0�6�YZ(*/'$T+3%9/#,G&JVG+-,�(*/'$T+-AB/�%9+\%'/�:�/�(*/�:�+�h

_ $%$� H���M�'�P !PO > F /2345 QR;)7 S%3 1 7 T�;UQ 9RV<3 4U(XW�(+*-,/.1032546, n ozqIr�st u (�E�46YZ0 > F[71FD0\4U(]Y�46,^4_0`46,^F(+*a,^.1032546,b7�cd@eFI,/4f0gF�@ ��h9��nD� ci287\0 > F�Yj28,k28Yj*-Y�46H_FIE�W_?8?lY�46,^4_0`46,^F m oPq r st u 4�(

�  1�onLq r oWn¦�<�T���� m �<�T� ¢ ���q3� r p

&)(+*a,^.1032546, n 287 ��q5r5Q\/lrd/2- 9�9 - 9a-6;d- 9a3 2 ( ��h9��nD�I� �sM

�j"�7ZE�/�6�@�&)Yz(*/�VS:G,.69E�684�4G7C/�4�+57C( M�(*+-Y*(*+57<= /�7<%9/�:�/�(*/�:�&)A5&J( M./�=�= "�:GAB(1&J/�:GY5h

Page 9: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

_ $%$� H���M�'�P ?0�&��/E�4���W��I2<? 287+0325. 4_EUWf.1?AFjY We. > 2<,^F�� 287�7IW625@ 0`4���FjW ;I3IT�;d34/A-Br 9 - 9%-6;I- 907 V%7 ;�� 2 (§�71/�$ " � ���5¡*�¦¡���q3�¥¡�� u{����� QV$�� �

¨ = /�7<6�:;M�%9/�:G/�(*/�:�+\=U"G:GAB(1&J/�:]n�¡ ��i�2

§�71/�$ " � ���5¡*�¦¡���q3�¥¡�� u{����� � $�� �

¨ = /�7{nLm<0G&)A�0g&)Y<�*��= 687[= 71/�%�%'/�:�/�(*/�:�+�h

K�/�:�/�(*/�:G&)A5&J(�M /�={= "�:GAB(1&J/�:GY|&):�(10�+gAB/�:W(*+B�#('/�={E�684 4G71/�4T+571( M (*+-Y*(1&):�E`mz6�Y�VG7CY*(�AB/�:GY1&F,�+571+-,�$;M��/�@),G71+-&)AC0 O ��/�@),�mz6�Y1Y*+57 O �D+-0G%'6�:�6�:G, �[/�: " $ h � 0G+-&J7[%'6�&):.71+-YC"G@J([&)YZ69(*+-Y1(*+57{/�=¦%9/�:�/�(*/�:�&)A5&J( M= /�7'(10�+gA56�Y*+�q � u �  ��#¡ Q£¢ 0G6-e#&):�EyXP"�+571M�6�:G, (1&)%9+]AB/�%'4�@J+B��&J(1&J+-Y|/�={(10G+g=f/�7C%� .- 5 ��� ���*�8�-h!P4T+-A5&JV�A56�@F@JM O (10�+�6�:G6�@)MPY1&FYd/�=z(10�+�XP"�+571M`AB/�%94�@J+B��&J( M &): " $ MP&)+-@),GYd6g$T/�"G:G,`/�= ���� �D�5�8��� O m{0�+571+��'���Z&)Yz(10�+\Y16�%'+\6�Y{�'���zm<&J(10gY1"�4�4G71+-Y1Y*+-,.4T/�@JM#@J/�E�687C&)(10G%'&)A<= 6�AB(*/�7CY-h

� 0G+�6�"G(10�/�7CYd6�@)Y*/]YC0�/�m (10G68(��\� ���8����&)Yj6g@J/�m�+573$T/�"G:�,�/�: (10G+�XP"�+571M�AB/�%94�@J+B��&J(�M�/�=I(10�+-&J76�@JE�/�7C&)(10G%gh���/�7{E�+-:�+57C6�@�q 6�:�,�u O (10�+3$T/�"G:�,GYI/�$G(16�&):�+-,]&F: " $ 6871+34G7C/�4�/�7C(1&J/�:G6�@�(*/���q3� � �;� u<�¥h

����� ��Z� �r����� ���&� � � �#�^� �!���

� 0�+`%'6�&): (*+-A�0G:G&)A56�@dAB/�:;(*7C&J$�"G(1&J/�: /�= (10G&)Ypm�/�7Cl &)Y.&)%94�71/�e#&):�E $�/�(10 (10�+ 6�@JE�/�7�&J(10G% 6�:G, (10�+6�:G6�@JM#Y1&)YZ&F: " $ (*/'/�$G(16�&F:.(10�+3= /�@)@J/�m{&):�E�h

J 8�$C�3��$C( � �U%�6�&):.71+-Y1"G@)(���o O > F�Y�46,/4f0`46, 25.D2303J 0gFI7+0gFIE\28,�0 > 287��C46E�� > WB7��1* FDE�J .�46Y��/? F��f2<03J� � �¦¡C�-¡���q3�¥¡�� u<���! #"%$�v�'& �g�W�U@)/�Ej��q3�����W�U@)/�Ej� u<���

� ( pO > FG0gFI7+0gFIE��C46E)�R7*�IJ�7DFI? F�.s0328,,+ 28,/@%F-�bFD,/@eFI,/03? J � � �¦¡C���*� � �-W62<E�7 4U( �/. 7�J6Y0��46? 7+03E+28,1+_7�46H6FDE q c�W6,^@.�4_Y2�bW6E�2<,1+X0 > FG0��C4 n!. H6W6? * FI7�41�D0`W62<,^F�@ (D46E\0 > F FI? FIY FI,k0<7j4U(�F�Wf. > �-W62<E M �� 0P"GY O (10�+9E�@)/�$�6�@?=f+-68(1"G71+9/�=�$T+-&):GE.%'/�:�/�(*/�:�+9/�73=U6873= 71/�% &J(d&)Yd,�+5(*+57C%�&):�+-,`$PML6]Y*+-XP"�+-:GAB+9/�=%'6�:;M'&):G,�+54T+-:G,G+-:W(?7C6�:G,G/�% @J/#A56�@�A�0�+-A1l#Y5h�>�6�AC0�@J/PA56�@SAC0�+-AClpAB/�:GYC&)Y*(1Y�/�=DY1+-@J+-AB(1&):�E\6\4�6�&J7 O �<�¡��G� OY*/d(10G68(�� m<&J(10�/�"�(�@)/�Y1Y?/�=TE�+-:�+57C6�@)&J(�M�� �o�L� O 6�A5AB/�7C,G&F:�Ed(*/\Y*/�%9+ZVG�P+-,',�&)Y*(*7C&J$S"�(1&J/�:|6�:G,9AC0�+-AClP&F:�Em<0�+5(10G+57dn¦�<��� � n¦�<����h � =�(10�+96�@JE�/�7C&)(10G% +5e�+57dVS:G,GY<6�4�6�&)7{= /�7jm<0G&)A�0�(10G&FY{,�/P+-Yj:�/�(j0�/�@), �U&�h�+�h O@J/#A56�@�eP&J/�@F68(1&J/�:�/�=�%9/�:�/�(*/�:G&)A5&)( MG� O (10G+-:�&)(�71+~}*+-AB(1Y5h �j(10�+571m<&)Y1+ O (10�+j6�@JE�/�7C&)(10G% 6�A5AB+54�(1Y5h � 0P"GY O &J(:�+5e�+57[7C+~}�+-AB(1Y[69%'/�:�/�(*/�:�+d=U"G:GAB(1&J/�:�h � 0�+dAC0G6�@)@)+-:�E�+d&)Yz(*/'6�:G6�@JMP¤5+d(10�+3,�+54T+-:G,�+-:�AB+{/�=�71+~}*+-AB(1&J/�:4G71/�$S68$�&)@)&J(�M'/�:g(10�+ ,G&)Y*(16�:GAB+d/�=�(10�+3E�&)e�+-:g= "�:GAB(1&J/�:.= 71/�%�$T+-&):�E9%9/�:�/�(*/�:G+�h

3�4hW8_%YdG N?faGQP�@8`VC)E?W N?f65�W8B[YdC75QR%P)E?W8BDCV_98^U%P�BDGML.b W N?B[YdC75QRa@8G;:TW8N^] LaGdR\GI_4LaB C�_%@ ] CV_ N?faG BDW=<dGQC�H N?f%G W=5�P�`�GQC�H N?faGH?>a_%YIN?W8C�_ iA@ fB>%Bdb\C�_%GC5�PM]�E?GdRa@:P)YdGED W8_ N?f%G P�U\C�F G U\C7>a_4LOU<]GDIHKJML�N,OQPSRUT9P�V�WYX[Z<iA\c_OR4P)EDN?W8Y�>a@ZP)EMb.@8CV`!] DIH[]6^_�` @ZC�`a] Wa] b4BDCTb%U<]�@ f%GdC)E?G�5dcVbfefO _hgji R W8BS_%G�F GKElk C�E?BDG N?f%P�_�mKO _ 3 ` O @8CV`!] Wa] R 3on i RKiR

Page 10: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

� 0G+ /�:G@JM (10�&):�E @J+5=f(]"�:GY*4T+-A5&JVG+-, &): (10�+y68$T/�e�+ ,�+-Y1AB7C&J4�(1&J/�: /�= (10�+ (*+-Y1(1&):�E�6�@JE�/�7C&)(10G% &)Y(10�+ ,G&)Y1(*7C&J$�"�(1&)/�:�$;M m<0G&)A�0x(10G+�4S6�&J7CY`6871+ Y*+-@J+-AB(*+-,�h � :wA56�Y*+ q �  ��#¡ Q£¢ (10�+57C+ Y1+5+-%'Y`(*/$T+�6 e�+571M :G68(1"�7C6�@�AC0�/�&FAB+�o���:G&J= /�7C%'@JM Y*+-@J+-AB(g,G&F%9+-:GY1&J/�:!�Kn�  Q ¡ pApAp ¡*� ¢�O &F:G,�+54T+-:G,�+-:;(1@JM 6�:G,"G:G&)=f/�7C%�@JMkY*+-@J+-AB(���\-¡ pDpDp ¡���F���\-¡���F��=\-¡ pDpDp ¡�� r n  ��#¡ Q£¢�O 6�:G, Y*+5(��x���\��5�5���F���\1����F��=\D�5�5� � r 6�:G,������\��5�5� ��F���\ Q ��F��=\D�5�5�� r h �j"�79&)%94G7C/�e�+-%9+-:;(9/�e�+57 " $ &): (10�+gA56�Y*+]m<0G+571+�q�� u �  ��#¡ Q£¢AB/�%9+-Y<=f71/�% 69$T+5(*(*+57|�U6�:G,]&F:.= 6�AB({(1&JE�0W(Z= /�7�u �  ��#¡ Q£¢ �[6�:�6�@JMPYC&)Yz/�=?(10G&)Yz(*+-Y*( O m<0G&)A�0g6�@)@J/�m{Y["GY(*/'/�$G(16�&F:g(10�+3= /�@)@J/�m<&):�E|(10�+5/�71+-%gh

J 8�$C�3��$C( ! ��q � u �  ��#¡ Q£¢ ��o�� ( �<��¡���� 287]@6E�W � , Wf.�.�46E�@62<,1+L0`4 0 > FK@6287+03E+2%�D*-032546,)7j�bF�.D2 �=F�@W���46H6FIc�0 > FI,

§�71/�$ " n¦�<�T�z� n¦�<��� $ � � ��h9��nD�� p

� : A56�Y*+./�={:�/�:#��$S&):G6871M q �   Q ¡ pApAp ¡�� ¢ (10�+571+gY*+5+-% (*/`$T+�Y*+5e�+57�6�@Z:G68(1"�7C6�@�4T/�Y1Y1&J$�&F@)&J(1&J+-Yj= /�7(10�+�,G&)Y*(*7�&J$�"�(1&J/�:.$PM]m<0�&)AC0�(10�+ 4S6�&J7CY<687C+�A�0�/�Y*+-:�o{>�e�+-:`&J=?m�+�71+-Y1(*7C&)AB(</�"G7CY*+-@Je�+-Y9�U6�Yj68$T/�e�+��<(*/Y*+-@J+-AB(d/�:�@JM]4�6�&J7�Y</�=IY*(*7C&):�E�Y�m<0�&)AC0`,G&��T+57j/�:`6gY1&):�E�@J+|AB/;/�7�,G&):G68(*+j� O (10G+571+9&)YjY*(1&)@)@�(10�+9X;"G+-Y*(1&J/�:/�=�0G/�m (*/gY*+-@J+-AB(d(10�+9AB/�717C+-Y*4T/�:G,G&):�E�4�6�&J7j/�=�Y*M#% $�/�@FY5h c +9Y*(1"G,�M�Y1+5e�+57C6�@�:G68(1"�7�6�@4T/�Y1Y1&)$�&)@)&J(1&)+-Y/�=?7C6�:G,�/�%�@JM�Y*+-@J+-AB(1&F:�E'4�6�&J7�Y3����¡��-�dn�q��Lq�h

Q h�!#+-@J+-AB(<"G:G&)=f/�7C%�@JM'694�6�&J7\����¡���� Q �zm<&)(10�� n`  Q ¡ pApAp ¡���� Q£¢ h

� h�!#+-@J+-AB(<"G:G&)=f/�7C%�@JM'694�6�&J7\����¡����zm{&J(10��! "�8h

¨ h�!#+-@J+-AB(<"G:G&)=f/�7C%�@JM'694�6�&J7\����¡����z= 71/�%�6�4S6871(1&)A5"G@)687[YC"�$�Y*+5(Z/�=?6�@)@�4�6�&)7CYz/�=�YC&J¤5+ �'�#��@J/�E$�#��h

� l�+5M�7C+-Y1"G@J(z/�=?(10G&)YzmI/�71l.&)Yz(10�+d71+-,G"�AB(1&J/�:./�=?(10�+36�:G6�@JM#Y1&)Yz/�=�(*+-Y*(1&):�E'6�@)E�/�7C&J(10G%'YZ6�Y{68$T/�e�+3= /�76�:;M]��6�:�,`q O 6�:G,�= /�7du��  ��#¡ Q£¢�O (*/�(10G+-&J7{$T+-0G6�eP&)/�7�&):�(10�+�Y*4T+-A5&)6�@�A56�Y1+|/�=��y� Q � m<0G+571+\mI+Y1&)%'4�@JMLY1+-@J+-AB(\4�6�&)7CY�����¡����36�A5AB/�7C,�&):�E�(*/L/�:�+�/�=z(10�+�68$T/�e�+.,G&)Y*(*7C&)$�"�(1&J/�:GYj6�:G, AC0�+-ACly(10�+'/�7�,�+57$T+5( mI+5+-:Ln¦���G�z6�:�,]n¦���-�*��h%��Y1&):GE9(10G&)Yz71+-,G"�AB(1&J/�:.m�+ ,�+57C&Je�+d(10�+\=f/�@)@)/�m<&):GE (10�+5/�7C+-%gh

J 8�$C�3��$C( 0 ��K�/�:�/�(*/�:G&FA5&J( M � +-Y*(1&F:�Ep/�= � /;/�@J+-6�: ��"G:GAB(1&J/�:GY���o'&)( .125FD,k03? J 7IW6Y��/?AW��I? F @6287+03E+2%�D* .032546,b7 46,��-W_28E�7 �<�¡��G�dnLq r � q r .�W_,���F�.�4_,b7+03E+* .10gF�@�7D4j0 > W_0a(D46E FIH_FIE+JC(+*-,/.1032546, nLoPq r st  ��#¡ Q£¢0 > F�(D46?<? 4 � 2<,1+ > 46? @67+*, M'� ( �<�¡��G� 287�@6E�W � , We.�.�4_EU@62<,1+X0`4]46,^Fj@6287+03E+2%�D*b032346,.- � > 25. > 287�@eFD0gFDE�Yj2<,^F�@��IJ 0 > FG0 > 28E�@[@6287 .03E+2j�I*b03234_,�4_, �-W62<E�7\2<, qz� Y FI,/032346, F�@]W���46H6F�/sc�0 > FD,

§�71/�$ " n¦�<�T�I� n¦�<��� $ � ��& ��h9��nD��g�W�U@J/�Ed��q3��� ( p

Q �

Page 11: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

� M'� ( �<�¡��G� 287d@_EUW � ,]Wf.�.�46E�@62<,1+j0`4:0 > F 4_0 > FDE @62 7I03E�2j�I*b032546, -j� > 25. > 2 7 @eFD0gFDE�Yj2<,^F�@ �IJ:0 > Fd7DF�.�46,/@@_2 7I03E�2j�I*b032546, 46, �-W62<E�7�28, qz� Y FD,k03234_,^F�@]W���46H6F�/scd0 > FI,

§�71/�$ " n¦�<�T�I� n¦�<��� $ � � � ��h���nD� �� � � p

c +�:�/�(*+9(10�68(d(10�+�VG7CY*(j4�6871(j/�=I(10�+�(10�+5/�71+-% A56�:k6�@)Y*/.$T+�,G+57C&Je�+-,`$PML684G4�@)MP&):GE�/�"�7d71+-,�"GAB(1&J/�:6�:G,�"GY1&):GE�6�: 6�@)(*+57C:G68(1&Je�+.,G&)Y*(*7�&J$�"�(1&J/�:`/�: 4�6�&J7�Y\&): q � m<0G&FAC0ymz6�Y|4G71+5e#&J/�"GY1@)M�Y1"GE�E�+-Y*(*+-, 6�:G,6�:G6�@JMP¤5+-,g= /�7[(10�+\A56�Y1+3�L� Q &): "�N4$ h

� 0G+'71+-6�,�+57\%�6-M $T+9(*+-%94G(*+-,k(*/LY16�M (10G68(\Y1&):�AB+'/�"�7\6�@JE�/�7�&J(10G% &)Y\AB/�%94�687C&)Y1/�:#��$�6�Y*+-, O (10�+6�:G6�@JM#Y1&)YY10�/�"G@),\6�@)Y*/{0G/�@),d= /�7�:�/�:���$�/P/�@J+-6�:d=U"G:GAB(1&)/�:GY5h��{/�mI+5e�+57 O (10G&FY&)Y�:�/�(�Y*/�h?��/�7?+B��6�%94�@J+ O $;M4�6871(j� � ��68$T/�e�+ O $�/P/�@J+-6�:�= "G:�AB(1&J/�:GY�/�e�+57<q�%'6�M'$T+[(*+-Y*(*+-,�= /�7I%9/�:G/�(*/�:G&)A5&J(�M'm<&J(10G&F:9AB/�%94�@J+B��&J( M&):G,G+54�+-:�,�+-:W(¦/�=���q\�¥h � :pAB/�:W(*7C6�Y1( O 6 @J/�mI+57z$T/�"G:G,'&): "�N%$ 6�Y1Y1+571(1Y�(10�68(I6871$S&J(*7C6871M�=U"G:GAB(1&J/�:GY�/�e�+57<q� +�h�E�h O m{&J(10guk� q[�IA56�:G:G/�(Z$�+j(*+-Y*(*+-,�=f/�7{%9/�:�/�(*/�:G&)A5&)( M�m<&J(10G&):�AB/�%94�@)+B�#&J(�Mp&):�,�+54T+-:G,�+-:;(�/�=[��q3�$�"�(<7C68(10�+57�71+-X;"�&J71+\AB/�%94S@J+B�#&)( M �3�U@J/�Ed��q3���z= /�7jY*/�%9+|V��P+-,L,G&)Y*(16�:�AB+\4�687C6�%'+5(*+57j�d� �#h � 0;"GY O 6:G68(1"�7�6�@;XP"�+-Y*(1&J/�:�687C&FY*+-Y5o�� ,/@eFDEK� > W_0 .�46,/@623032546,b7 W6,/@GW_0U� > W_0 .�4B7I0 .�W_, E�F+7+*a? 0<7 E�F +eW6E�@62<,1+j0gF+7I0328,,+4U( Y�46,/4f0`46, 25.D2303J�4�( ��4146? F�W_,[(�*-,/.s03234_,b7 ��F 03EUW_,b78(D46E+Y�F�@�0`4XE�FI7�*-? 0<7 (I46E 0gF+7+032<,1+ Y�46,/4_0`4_, 23.12<03J�4U(W6EB�I2303EUW_E�J�(+*a,^.1032546,b7�� �j"G7[%9/�Y*(ZE�+-:�+57C6�@71+-Y1"G@)(z&FYZ(10�+d= /�@)@J/�m{&):�E�h

J 8�$C�3��$C( I ��K�/�:�/�(*/�:G&FA5&J( M � +-Y*(1&):�E�{6�:�E�+��<+-,G"GAB(1&J/�:S��o�� 46,b7+23@eFDE�0 > F 0`WB7)� 4�(C0gF+7I0328,1+�Y 4_,/4 .0`46, 25.D2303J 4�(C(+*a,^.1032546,b7�@eF��i,^F�@]4_H6FIEGW6, JG�bW6E+0325W6?<? J[46E�@eFDE�F�@ 7DF10 D - � 2<0 > �-W6EI0325W6?i46EU@%FIE �� / M�� *f� .�-4B71F 0 > Wf0/(D46E\7I46Y F�@_2 7I03E�2j�I*b032546, 46, �-W62<E�7 �<�¡��G��n D � D � 2<0 > �o� � W6,/@ (D46E FIH6FDE�J (+*a,^.1032546,n�o/Dyst  ��#¡ Q£¢ c

§�71/�$ " n¦�<���I� n¦�<��� $ � ��h9��nD�� ¡

� > FDE�F � @%F-�bFD,/@B7 4_, D 46,k? J M O > FI,bc (I4_E FIH_FIE+J u W6,/@�FDH6FDE�J�(�*-,/.s032346, n o=D st uz¡ (I46EG�-W62<E�77DFD?AF�.10gF�@]Wf.�.�46EU@_28,1+[0`4 0 > F\7IW6Y Fj@6287+03E+2j�I*b03234_,bc

§�71/�$ " n¦�<���z� n¦�<�G� $ � ��h9��nD�� �-@J/�E � � u<� p

� 0�+5/�7C+-% Q =f/�@F@J/�m<Y $PMyAB/�%\$�&F:G&):�E]4S6871(�� Q �\/�= � 0G+5/�71+-% ¨ 6�:G, � 0�+5/�71+-% � m{&J(10�� � �'� � �@J/�Ed��q3����h

Q�Q

Page 12: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

����� � � ���� � �G�q���

c +`Y*(16871('m<&)(10�Y*/�%9+L4G71+-@)&)%�&):G687C&J+-Y�&): AC0G684G(*+57 � hxHz0G684G(*+57 ¨ 6�:G6�@JMP¤5+-Yp(10�+]4T+571= /�7C%'6�:GAB+]/�=/�"�7�6�@JE�/�7C&J(10G%�=f/�7[=U"G:GAB(1&)/�:GYZm<&J(10]$�&):G6871M�6�@J4�0G68$T+5({q 6�:G,g7C6�:�E�+�uzh � 0G&)YZAC0�684G(*+57�&FY[&):;(*+-:G,�+-,(*/ E�&Je�+]6 Y1%'/;/�(10�&F:W(*71/#,G"GAB(1&)/�:k/�=�(10�+g(*+-AC0�:G&)XP"�+-Y�E�+-:�+57C6�@)&)¤5+-, &): AC0G684G(*+57 � 6�:G, (*/y+B�#4�@)6�&):6�,G,G&)(1&J/�:G6�@�(*+-A�0G:G&)XP"�+-Y (10G68(|m�+�m�+57C+.:G/�(|68$�@)+�(*/�E�+-:�+57C6�@)&J¤5+�hyHz0G684�(*+57 ¨ &)Y :�/�( 7C+-X;"G&)71+-,y= /�7"G:G,G+57CY*(16�:G,G&F:�Ej(10�+[71+-Y*(�/�=T(10�+[(10�+-Y1&FY5h � 0�+<6�@JE�/�7�&J(10G%'Y¦= /�7�(10G+<A56�Y*+��L� Q � +-6�AC0.AB/�717C+-Y*4T/�:G,G&):�E(*/d6{,�&���+57C+-:W(�,G&)Y*(*7C&)$�"�(1&J/�:d/�: 4�6�&J7�Y�&):9q!�{q<�D6871+I4G71+-Y1+-:W(*+-,�&): AC0G684G(*+57 � h � : A�0G684G(*+57 � m�+zY10�/�m0�/�m (10G+{6�:G6�@JM#Y1&)Y�/�=D/�"�7z6�@JE�/�7C&J(10�% &):�(10�+�$�&):G6871M;��7C6�:�E�+{A56�Y*+j=f/�7z6871$�&J(*7�6871M9�L6�:G,gq�71+-,G"GAB+-Y�(*/(10�+�A56�Y*+��k� Q 6�:�,�4G7C/�e�+ � 0�+5/�71+-% ¨ h � E�+-:�+57�6�@�7C+-,G"GAB(1&J/�:L=f7C/�% 6�:`6871$�&)(*7C6871Mg7C6�:�E�+|(*/.(10�+$�&):�6871M�7C6�:GE�+\6�:G,g(10�+\4G71/P/�=�/�= � 0G+5/�71+-% � 684G4T+-687�&):gAC0G684�(*+57 N hZHz0G684G(*+57CY � N A56�:�$T+d71+-6�,&):G,G+54�+-:�,�+-:W(1@)M O +5e�+-:�(10�/�"�E�0p(10�+5M'71+5= +571+-:GAB+�+-6�AC0�/�(10�+57z(*/|E�&Je�+�6|0G&JE�0�� @J+5e�+-@�4S&)AB(1"�71+�h � 0�+{V�:G6�@AC0�684G(*+57<4G7C+-Y*+-:W(1Y[71+-@)68(*+-,]/�4T+-:.4G7C/�$�@J+-%'Y5h

Q �

Page 13: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

� ��������� �

� ����Q��� � � � � � �

� 0G&FY[AC0G684�(*+57j&F:W(*71/#,G"GAB+-Y{:�/�(168(1&J/�:`"GY*+-,L&):](10G+ (10�+-YC&)Y<6�:G,L= /�7C%'6�@)@JMg,�+5VS:�+-Y[/�"�7j%9/�:�/�(*/�:�&)A5&J( M(*+-Y*(5h���Yj,�+-Y1AB7C&)$�+-,L&):L(10�+9&):W(*7C/P,G"�AB(1&J/�: O mI+9AB/�:GY1&),G+57{=U"G:GAB(1&J/�:�Y�n�oSqIrgst u O m<0�+57C+9q 6�:G,`u6871+�(*/�(16�@)@JM9/�7C,G+571+-,pY1+5(1Y5h c +j,�+-:�/�(*+�(10�+�:�68(1"�7C6�@S4�6871(1&)6�@�/�7C,�+57I/�:�+-XP"G6�@�� @J+-:GE�(10pY*(*7�&):�E�Y�/�e�+57<q$PMK�dh

��/�7z6�:;M|4S6�&J7�/�=T= "�:GAB(1&J/�:GY�n�¡ m oPq r st u O mI+{,�+5V�:G+Z(10�+�1 7 T�;UQ 9BV<3Z$T+5( mI+5+-:�n.6�:G, m O ,G+-:�/�(*+-,,G&)Y1(5��n�¡ m � O (*/'$T+d(10�+d= 7C6�AB(1&J/�:g/�=?&):GY*(16�:�AB+3Y*(*7C&):�E�Yz&):.(10G+3,�/�%'6�&):./�:gm{0G&)AC0]n¦�<��� �� m �<����h ��Y[&):(10�+3&):;(*71/#,G"GAB(1&J/�: O mI+3@J+5([��h9��nD��,�+-:�/�(*+d(10�+3%�&):G&)%|"G% ,�&)Y*(16�:GAB+d$T+5( mI+5+-:�nL6�:G,g6�:;M�%9/�:G/�(*/�:�+=U"G:GAB(1&J/�: m m<&J(10p(10�+�YC6�%9+d,�/�%'6�&):�6�:G,p7C6�:�E�+�h��D+5(Z"GY�= /�7C%'6�@)@JM',G+5V�:�+<(10G+�6�@JE�/�7�&J(10G%'&)A{Y1AC0G+-%'6Y*(1"G,�&J+-,L&F:�(10G&FY<(10�+-YC&)Y5h � 0�+�Y1AC0G+-%'6."GY*+-Yj6�: 6871$�&J(*7�6871Mg4G71/�$�68$S&)@)&J(�M.,�&)Y*(*7C&J$S"�(1&J/�:eZkoSq � q st" �#¡ QV$ h c &J(10�/�"�(�@)/�Y1Y¦/�=�E�+-:�+57C6�@)&J(�M O mI+<6�Y1YC"G%9+Z(10G68(�(10G+<Y1"�4G4T/�71(�/�=CZp&)Y?71+-Y1(*7C&)AB(*+-,'(*/\4�6�&J7CY[����¡����m<&J(10��� �£h � 0�+d= "�:GAB(1&J/�:�� O 71+5=f+57C71+-,g(*/'$T+-@J/�m O ,�+54T+-:G,GYI/�:2Z�h

u� q x ��� o p �)s jMs�o]v p n�� �j&)e�+-: 4�687C6�%9+5(*+57CYL�5¡*�¦¡�q�¡Cu O 6�:G, /�7�6�A5@J+y6�A5AB+-Y1Y](*/ 6�:�6871$�&J(*7C687CM=U"G:GAB(1&J/�:]n{oPq r st u O 71+54T+-68(Z(10�+\=f/�@)@)/�m<&):GE�@)/PA56�@T(*+-Y*(�"�4g(*/��5���5¡*�¦¡���q3�¥¡�� u{���z(1&)%9+-Y-o

Q h ��:G&J= /�7C%'@)M3Y*+-@J+-AB(�,G&)%'+-:GY1&J/�:��Cn " � $ #"%$�   Q ¡ pDpDp ¡*� ¢�O 4G71+5V���� n�q F���\ O 6�:G,9YC" ;9��� n�q r �,F h

� h�!#+-@J+-AB( ����¡����z6�A5AB/�7C,G&):GE'(*/�,G&)Y1(*7C&J$�"�(1&)/�:#Zh��+5( �.������� O �9��� � ��h

¨ h � =¦n¦�<�T�I� n¦�<�G�j�U&�h�+�h O (10G+d4�6�&J7\�<�¡��G�Im<&)(1:�+-Y1Y*+-YZ(10�68({n�&)Y[:�/�(<%'/�:�/�(*/�:�+�� O (10�+-: /23��I3DVI;�h� =�6�@)@�&)(*+57C68(1&J/�:GYZmI+571+\AB/�%'4�@J+5(*+-,gm<&)(10�/�"�(Z71+~}*+-AB(1&):�E O (10�+-: QRVDV<3 R;�h

c + =f/#A5"GY[/�:�(10�+\6�:G6�@)MPY1&FYZ/�=¦6�Y1&):GE�@J+3&J(*+57C68(1&J/�:]/�=¦(10�+\68$T/�e�+|@J/PA56�@(*+-Y*(5h<!#"GA�0]6�:�&J(*+57�68(1&J/�:&)Y{= "�@)@JMgY*4T+-A5&JVG+-,�$;M](10G+|,G&FY*(*7C&J$�"G(1&J/�: O ,�+-:G/�(*+-,��pr� oSqIr �`qIr.st " �#¡ QV$�O $PM]m<0�&)AC0�4�6�&J7CY��<�¡��G�

Q-¨

Page 14: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

6871+�Y*+-@J+-AB(*+-,�h � 0G68(\&)Y O �pr� �<�¡��G�\� ������� ���r�� �� X�� = &J==� � ����� 6�:G, �y� � � � O = /�7|Y*/�%'+ ��¡ � O 6�:G,� r� �<�¡��G�[� ��/�(10�+571m{&)Y*+�h���$�Y*+57Ce�+ (10G68( � r� �<��¡����j����/�:G@)M]&J=i� �'��h��D+5(��ev � v3s ����n�¡ � r� �[$T+(10�+Z4G7C/�$�68$�&)@)&)( M3(10G68(�634�6�&J7[�<�¡��G�?Y*+-@J+-AB(*+-,p6�A5AB/�7C,G&):GE�(*/ ��r� m<&J(1:�+-Y1Y1+-Y?(10G68(�n.&)Y¦:�/�(�%9/�:G/�(*/�:�+ �(10G68(<&FY O

�ev � v3s ����n�¡ � r� �! #"%$� §�71/�$ ����� ������� X� " n¦�<�T�I� n¦�<�G� $ � � h Q �

� m<0�+57C+�(10�+�68$�/�e�+�,G+5V�:G&J(1&J/�:kA56�:k/�=[AB/�"�7�Y*+�$T+�684G4S@)&J+-, (*/`6�:WMy,�&)Y*(*7C&J$S"�(1&J/�: � /�:k4S6�&J7CY��'��G��h �j"G7�E�/�6�@j&)Yp(*/ V�:�, ,G&)Y1(*7C&J$�"�(1&)/�:GY � r� �U,�+5(*+57�%'&):�+-, $;M (10�+L,G&FY*(*7C&J$�"G(1&J/�:GYkZT�'=f/�7�m<0G&FAC0�ev � v3s ����n�¡ � r� �z&)Y &�mI+-@)@ (9@J/�m�+57*��$T/�"G:�,�+-,g6�Y<69=U"G:GAB(1&)/�:./�=¦��h|��nD��h � = � r� &)Y[Y1"�AC0g(10G68( (I46EGW6, Jn�o�qzr st u m<&)(10 ��h|��nD� � ��mI+g0G6-e�+.(10G68(��ev � v3s ����n�¡ ��r� � ��� ���5¡*�¦¡���q\�¥¡�� u<��� O (10G+-:�Y1+5(*(1&):�E�5���5¡*�¦¡���q3�¥¡�� u<�������9� Q � � ���5¡*�¦¡���q3�¥¡�� u{���*�[M#&J+-@),�YI6'(*+-Y*(*+57<= /�7{%9/�:G/�(*/�:G&)A5&J(�M�h

� 0P"GY O &F: (10G+�6�:G6�@)MPY1&FY /�={/�"�79,G&)Y*(*7�&J$�"�(1&J/�:�Y ��r� 6�:�,�AB/�7C71+-Y*4T/�:G,G&):GE�(*+-Y*(1Y O /�"�7�E�/�6�@Z&)Y|(*/V�:G, 6yE�/P/P, @J/�m�+57.$T/�"G:G, /�: �ev � v3s ����n�¡ � r� �9&): (*+57C%'Yp/�= ��h���nD� O /�7�+-X;"G&)e£6�@J+-:;(1@JM O 6 E�/;/#,"�4G4T+57�$�/�"�:G,'/�:g��h9��nD��&):p(*+57C%'YI/�=!�ev � v3s ����n�¡ � r� ��h�Hz0G684G(*+57CY ¨PO �PO 6�:G, N 4G7C+-Y*+-:W(z4�687C(1&)A5"G@)687%9+5(10�/#,GYj= /�7d(*7C6�:GY*= /�7C%'&F:�E�6]= "G:�AB(1&J/�: n &F:W(*/g6g%9/�:�/�(*/�:G+'= "�:GAB(1&J/�:`6�:G, "�4G4T+57j$T/�"G:G,`��h9��nD�$PMp(10�+ ,G&)Y*(16�:GAB+d= 71/�% nL(*/'(10�68([= "�:GAB(1&J/�:�h

" o]v$#-n�x � � n�u q x�%�v3x =x n&#,o�� � ({m<&)@)@T$T+\AB/�:;e�+-:G&J+-:;(<(*/�e#&J+5mx(10�+\4�6871(1&)6�@/�7C,�+57</�e�+57\qIr�6�Y�6,G&J7C+-AB(*+-,L�U6�ABM#A5@)&)A��?E�7�684�0 O ,G+-:�/�(*+-,('�r

h � 0�+[e�+571(1&)AB+-Y�/�=&'�r

687C+<(10�+�Y*(*7C&):�E�Y�&):pqIr�6�:G,�,�&J71+-AB(*+-,

+-,�E�+-Y|AB/�7171+-Y*4T/�:G,y(*/�AB/�%94�687C68$S@J+'4�6�&J7�Y��U&�h�+�h �<�¡��G�d&)Y36�:k+-,�E�+p&J� � ������h �{:k+-,�E�+��<��¡����3&)YY16�&),�(*/�$T+�S 7 - 5 QR;d3<1 +���n &)=?n¦�<���[� n¦�<����h c +�,�+-:�/�(*+ $;M*) � q u���nD�Z(10�+ Y1+5(</�=¦e#&J/�@)68(*+-,]+-,GE�+-Y{/�=n�h c +371+-%�6871l.(10G68(<%9/�Y*(Z/�=?(10�+3,G+5V�:G&J(1&J/�:�YI&F:.(10G&)YZY*+-AB(1&J/�:L:G68(1"�7C6�@F@JM�+B�#(*+-:G,g(*/�6�:;M.4�6871(1&)6�@F@JM/�7C,�+57C+-,]Y*+5(kD &F:.4�@)6�AB+d/�=�q r h

Q �

Page 15: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

� ��������� �

� � � � ��� � ��� � �� � � � � � � � � �

� 0G&FY<AC0�684G(*+573AB/�e�+57CY\%9/�:�/�(*/�:G&)A5&)( M�(*+-Y1(1&):�E�71+-Y1"G@J(1Y{= /�7�(10G+|Y*4T+-A5&)6�@�A56�Y*+9m<0G+-:�(10�+�6�@J4�0�68$�+5(dq6�:G,9(10G+[7C6�:�E�+{uy6871+[$�&):�6871M�h � 0G&)Y¦A56�Y*+<&FY�&):;(*+571+-Y*(1&):�E3&F:9&J(1Y¦/�m{:'7C&JE�0;( O 6�:G,'m�+<687C+[E�/�&):�E3(*/ "GY*+&J(Z(*/',�+-%'/�:GY*(*7C68(*+3(*+-A�0G:G&)XP"�+-YzE�+-:�+57�6�@)&J¤5+-,]&):.A�0G684G(*+57 � = /�7[(*71+-68(1&F:�E9= "�:GAB(1&J/�:GYz/�:]Y1(*7C&):�E�Yz/�e�+57E�+-:�+57C6�@¦6�@)4�0G68$T+5(1Y5hd��/�7d(10�+9A56�Y*+9/�=�(10�+ $S&):G6871M]6�@J4S0G68$T+5(�6�:G,�7C6�:GE�+ O m�+�mI+571+968$�@J+|(*/�/�$�(16�&):68$�Y*/�@F"�(*+-@JM�(1&JE�0W(��U6�Y[/�4G4T/�Y*+-,�(*/�6�Y*M#%94G(*/�(1&)A56�@F@JM.(1&JE�0W(��[6�:G6�@JM#Y1&)Yz/�=¦/�"�7<(*+-Y*(5hZ>�e�+-:L(10�/�"�E�0gmI+mI+571+9:�/�(�68$S@J+\(*/.E�+-:�+57C6�@F&J¤5+ (10G+|(*+-A�0G:G&)XP"�+ (10G68(d6�@)@J/�mI+-,`"GY{(*/�E�+5(d6�(1&JE�0;(�AB/�:�Y*(16�:W(j=U6�AB(*/�73&):(10�+\6�:�6�@JMPYC&)Y O m�+\(10G&):�l'(10G+3(*+-AC0G:�&)X;"G+3A56�:]4T/�(*+-:W(1&F6�@)@JM�$T+3684G4S@)&J+-,�+-@)Y*+5m<0G+571+�h

HI/�:�Y1&),�+57�6kY1"�$�E�7C684�0�/�=\(10�+�4�687C(1&)6�@[/�7C,G+57pE�7C684S0 m<0G+571+�+-6�A�0 e�+571(*+B� &)Y�6y4T/�&):;(p&): (10�+,�/�%'6�&F:��U6g$�&):G687CMLY*(*7C&F:�E./�=z@)+-:�E�(10`����6�:G,y6�: +-,GE�+'=f7C/�% �k(*/ �L71+54�71+-Y*+-:;(1Yd(10G68(:�!��� 6�:G,�`,G&��T+57CYz=f7C/�%#�g&):.+B�#6�AB(1@)M�/�:G+\AB/;/�7�,G&):G68(*+�h � 0G&)YzE�7C684S0]&)Y[6�:g�T� ,�&)%9+-:GY1&)/�:G6�@T0WMP4T+57CA5"�$T+ O 6�:G,(10G68(�&FY'0�/�m m�+�6871+]E�/�&):GEy(*/k71+5= +57'(*/�&J(5h � : (10G&)Y�AC0G684G(*+57 O 7C+5=f+571+-:�AB+-Y'(*/ke#&J/�@)68(*+-,�+-,�E�+-Y�/�==U"G:GAB(1&J/�:]n`6871+d7C+5=f+571+-:�AB+-Y[(*/'e#&J/�@)68(*+-,g+-,GE�+-Y[/�=?(10�+3AB/�7171+-Y14�/�:�,G&):�E90;M;4T+57CA5"�$T+�h

i{/�(1&)AB+�(10G68(�/�"G7�@J/#A56�@�(*+-Y1(�= /�7�(10G&FY�A56�Y*+jY1&)%94S@)&JVG+-Y?(*/�"G:G&J= /�7C%'@)M Y*+-@J+-AB(1&F:�E 6�:�+-,�E�+{= 71/�% (10�+0;M;4T+57CA5"�$T+¦6�:G, AC0�+-AClP&):GE{&J=#&J(&)YDeP&J/�@F68(*+-,�h ��Y$T+5= /�71+ O (10�+�AC0�6�@)@J+-:�E�+�&FY�(*/{6�:G6�@)M;¤5+�(10�+�4G71/�$S68$�&)@)&J(�M(10G68([/�:G+\&J(*+57C68(1&J/�:]/�=�(10G+\@J/#A56�@�(*+-Y*(<VS:G,GYZ69e#&J/�@)68(*+-,g+-,GE�+�h ��Y<,G&)YCA5"GY1Y*+-,.&):g(10G+34G71+-@)&F%'&):G687C&)+-Y O(*/'6�:G6�@JMP¤5+d(10G68(Z4G7C/�$�68$�&)@)&)( M O mI+3Y10�/�m 6�4�6871(1&)A5"�@)687Z%9+5(10�/#,p/�=�(*7C6�:GY1=f/�7C%�&):�E�6 =U"G:GAB(1&)/�:.n�&):;(*/6|%9/�:�/�(*/�:�+�= "�:GAB(1&J/�:�6�:�,p"�4�4�+57�$�/�"�:G,p� h ��nD��$;M9(10G+�,G&FY*(16�:GAB+<= 71/�% n.(*/|(10G68(�=U"G:GAB(1&)/�:�h � 0G&)Y%9+5(10�/#,]6�@)@)/�m<Y{"GYZ(*/p6�@)(*+57�n�/�:�68(�%9/�Y*([/�:G+34T/�&):W([&F:g(10�+\,�/�%�6�&):g= /�7<+-6�AC0L71+54�6�&)71+-,.eP&)/�@)68(*+-,+-,�E�+�h|!#+-AB(1&J/�: ¨ h Q ,�+5V�:�+-Yj6�:G,`6�:G6�@JMP¤5+-Y�(10�+9AB/�71+'&),�+-6p/�=�(10G&FY�%'+5(10�/P, O (10G+GT �07 r3;)7 9��p/�4�+57�68(*/�7-h!P+-AB(1&J/�: ¨ h � &)%94�71/�e�+-YZ(10�&)YZ/�4T+57C68(*/�7 O Y1(1"G,G&J+-Yz(10�+d4�71/�4T+571(1&J+-Yz/�=?(10�+\:�+5m T �.7 r3;�7:9���/�4T+57C68(*/�7 O 6�:G,684G4�@F&J+-YZ&J(z(*/�(10�+36�:�6�@JMPYC&)Yz/�=?/�"�7[6�@JE�/�7C&J(10�%'&)AjY1AC0G+-%'6'(*/'4�71/�e�+ � 0�+5/�71+-% � h

Q �

Page 16: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

� ��� ��� ���<���J��� � � � ��� ����

� =[6L0;M;4T+57CA5"G$�+p,�/;+-Y�:�/�(�AB/�:;(16�&):�eP&J/�@F68(*+-,k+-,�E�+-Y O (10�+�AB/�7C71+-Y*4T/�:G,G&):GE]= "�:GAB(1&J/�:k&FY %9/�:G/�(*/�:�+�h� 0�+�%'6�&): &),�+-6 /�=3(10�+`6�:G6�@JM#Y1&)Yp&)Y�(*/ (*7C6�:�Y*=f/�7�% 6�E�&Je�+-: $T/;/�@)+-6�: =U"G:GAB(1&J/�: (*/ 6 %9/�:G/�(*/�:�+=U"G:GAB(1&J/�:�$PM]71+54�6�&J7�&):�E�e#&J/�@)68(*+-,`+-,GE�+-Yd&):�/�:�+9,G&)%9+-:GYC&J/�:L68(d6.(1&)%'+�h � /.71+54S6�&J7jeP&J/�@F68(*+-,L+-,GE�+-Y&):`,G&)%'+-:GY1&J/�: �Z=f/�7 Q � ���x� O m�+'"GY1+|(10G+ T �.7 r3;�7:9���/�4T+57C68(*/�7 D F O ,�+5V�:G+-,L$T+-@J/�m O m<0G&FAC0`Y*mz684�Ye86�@)"�+-Y�/�=�n]/�:�+-:G,G4�/�&F:W(1Y�/�=DeP&)/�@)68(*+-,�+-,GE�+-YZ&):p,�&)%9+-:GY1&)/�: �¦6�:G,.@J+-6-e�+-Y[n](10�+�YC6�%9+j+5e�+571M;m{0�+571++-@)Y*+�h

_ $%$� H���M�'�P �I�� FD0 n o¦ ��#¡ Q£¢ r t  ��#¡ Q£¢ c �'n  ��#¡ Q£¢ r c � ��F]41�D0`W62<,^F�@ (�E�46Y � �IJ��2 �S�/2<,1+�0 > F�� 0 > �I230<c=W6,/@ � �!� M O > FD,

D�F " n $ �<���¦��n¦�<�G�¦� � 6�:G, D F " n $ �<�G����n¦�<���¦� Q &)=?n¦�<���I� n¦�<����¡D�F " n $ �<���¦��n¦�<�T� 6�:G, D F " n $ �<�G����n¦�<�G� /�(10G+571m<&)Y*+�h

��/�7d�Cn " � $�O mI+�A56�@F@�63=U"G:GAB(1&)/�:pn 9 - 9a-6;d- 9a3 7:9 1 7 9 349sT 7 - 9���&)=�(10G+571+{6871+�:�/\e#&J/�@)68(*+-,p+-,�E�+-YI&):(10G68([,G&F%9+-:GY1&J/�:Dh � Mp,G+5V�:G&J(1&J/�: O = /�7Z+-6�AC0X�Cn " � $�O D�F " n $ &)Yz%9/�:�/�(*/�:�+3&):.,G&F%9+-:GY1&J/�: �1h��+5( �wF*��nD�,�+-:�/�(*+p(10�+.:;"G% $T+573/�=Ze#&J/�@)68(*+-, +-,�E�+-Y\/�=<n�&):k,G&F%9+-:GY1&J/�:o� O 6�:�,�����nD� O (10G+�(*/�(16�@z:;"�%\$T+57\/�=e#&J/�@)68(*+-,9+-,�E�+-Y�/�=Tn�h � :9(10�+[:�+B�#(�@J+-%'%�6{mI+<,�+57�&Je�+[6dY1&)%94S@J+z4G71/�4T+571( M /�=T(10�+ T �.7 r<;�7:9 �d/�4�+57�68(*/�7CY5h

RK$C(*( + B��l46EKFDH6FDE�J Q � �o���� ��� W_,/@LFIH6FDE�J (+*-,/.1032546, n o[ ��#¡ Q£¢ r st  ��#¡ Q£¢ c W7�S�/? JB2<,1+0 > F T �07 r3;)7 9�� 47�bFIE�W_0`46E D F @f4RF+7:,/4_0�2<,/.DE�F�WB71Fj0 > F�, *-Y0��FDE�4U(:HR234_? W_0gF�@[F�@B+aF+7:2<,o@_28Y FI, 7�2546, � cC2 M F M c���W� D�F " n $ �=�����W��nD�IM

"#�����3b�� � 0�+`&)%94T/�71(16�:;(�/�$SY*+571e868(1&J/�:�&)Yp(10G68(.(10�+ Y*(168(*+-%9+-:;(]/�=3(10�+ @J+-%'%�6 &)Y.AB/�:GAB+57�:�+-,m<&J(10�/�:G@)M'( mI/�,G&)%'+-:GY1&J/�:GY O ��6�:G,��Gh � E�:G/�7C&):�E|+-,�E�+-Y[&):.6�@)@�/�(10�+57[,�&)%9+-:GY1&)/�:GY O mI+3A56�:.e#&J+5m�(10�+0;M;4T+57CA5"�$T+�6�Y � r � � ,G&)Y1AB/�:�:�+-AB(*+-,\Y1XP"G6871+-Y-h�>�6�AC0 /�=�(10�+-Y*+zY1X;"�6871+-YD71+54�71+-Y*+-:;(1Y�6<( mI/8� ,G&)%9+-:GYC&J/�:G6�@$T/;/�@)+-6�:�= "G:�AB(1&J/�: O /�$G(16�&):G+-,9=f7C/�% n�$PM|V��#&F:�Ed6�@)@�AB/;/�7�,G&):G68(*+-Y¦/�(10G+57�(10G6�: �6�:�,���h � /34G71/�e�+[(10�+@J+-%'%�6 O &J(¦&)Y�+-:�/�"�E�09(*/3YC0�/�m�(10�68(�&J(¦0�/�@),GY�= /�7�( mI/8� ,G&)%9+-:�Y1&J/�:G6�@P=U"G:GAB(1&J/�:GY-h � (?m<&)@)@P,�+-%9/�:GY1(*7C68(*+(10G68(d(10�+ T �07 r3;)7 9��./�4T+57C68(*/�7 D�Fz,�/P+-Yd:�/�(3&):GAB7C+-6�Y*+�(10�+':;"�%\$T+57d/�=IeP&J/�@F68(*+-,`+-,�E�+-Y3&): ,G&F%9+-:GY1&J/�:�.&):]6�:;M]/�=¦(10�+|Y1XP"G6871+-Y O 6�:G,L0G+-:GAB+ ,�/P+-Y�:�/�({&):�AB71+-6�Y*+\(10G+\(*/�(16�@?:;"�%\$T+57</�=¦e#&J/�@)68(*+-,L+-,�E�+-Y�&):,G&)%'+-:GY1&J/�:���h

c +�4G71/�e�+ (10G+|@J+-%�%'6'= /�7{(�m�/8� ,�&)%9+-:GY1&)/�:G6�@D=U"G:GAB(1&J/�:�Y[$PM�A56�Y*+�6�:G6�@JM#Y1&)Y5h c +9,�+54S&)AB(<6p( mI/8�,G&)%'+-:GY1&J/�:G6�@�=U"G:GAB(1&J/�:Ln 6�Y{YC0�/�m<:Dh �w,G&J7C+-AB(*+-,]+-,�E�+ $�+5(�m�+5+-:`n¦�<�T�Z6�:G,Ln¦�<�G�z&):G,�&)A568(*+-YZ(10G68( �6�:G,]�.,G&��T+57[&):.+B��6�AB(1@JM./�:�+\AB/P/�7C,G&):�68(*+36�:G,]� �!�Sh

Q-N

Page 17: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

�� �

n¦�U���W� n¦� Q �W�

n¦�U� Q � n¦� Q�Q �

c &J(10�/�"�(j@J/�Y1Y{/�=�E�+-:�+57C6�@F&J( M O @J+5( �I� Q 6�:G, �p� � h � 0�+-:L(10�+GT �.7 r<;�7:9 �p/�4T+57C68(*/�7dY*mz684�Y�+-,�E�+-Yj&):(10�+d0�/�7C&)¤5/�:W(16�@�,G&F%9+-:GY1&J/�: O 6�:G,�(10�+dE�/�6�@�&)YI(*/94G7C/�e�+d(10G68(Z(10�+d:P"G% $�+57z/�=�eP&J/�@F68(*+-,p+-,GE�+-Y[&):�(10�+e�+571(1&)A56�@,G&)%9+-:GYC&J/�:.,�/;+-Y<:�/�(<&):GAB7C+-6�Y*+�h

Hz6�Y1+ Q o n ,�/P+-Y3:�/�(\0�6-e�+�e#&J/�@)68(*+-,y+-,�E�+-Y\&):`(10G+'0�/�7C&J¤5/�:;(16�@�,G&F%9+-:GY1&J/�:Dh � 0G+-:kn�� D F " n $�O6�:G,]0G+-:GAB+�� � � D F " n $ ��� � � ��nD� p

Hz6�Y1+ � o � /�(10`0�/�7C&J¤5/�:;(16�@�+-,�E�+-Yj6871+ e#&J/�@)68(*+-,�&):�n�h � 0�+-:�(10�+ e�+57C(1&)A56�@+-,GE�+-Y�687C+|Y*mz684G4T+-, O6�:G, ����� D�F " n $ �¦� ���W��nD� p

�� �

Q �

Q �

�� �

� Q

� Q

�D=\

Hz6�Y1+ ¨ o � 0�+p"�4�4�+57 +-,�E�+.&)Y\e#&J/�@)68(*+-, � (10�+.@J/�mI+57�/�:�+�&FY :�/�(5hyHI/�:GYC&),�+57\(�m�/`4T/�Y1Y1&)$�&)@)&J(1&)+-Y5on¦�U���W��� n¦� Q �W�j6�:�,yn¦�U���W���� n¦� Q �W� p � =In¦�U���W��� n¦� Q �W� O (10�+-:`(10�+9e�+571(1&)A56�@�+-,�E�+-Y36871+'Y*mz684G4T+-, O6�:G, ���W� D�F " n $ �'� � ����nD� p � =j:�/�( O (10�+-: Y1&):GAB+.(10�+]@J/�m�+57�+-,�E�+�&)Y9:�/�(9e#&J/�@)68(*+-, O n¦�U���W��� �y6�:G,n¦� Q �W��� Q h � :g(10�&)YZA56�Y*+ O (10G+de�+571(1&)A56�@De#&J/�@)68(*+-,]+-,�E�+\&)Yz71+54S6�&J71+-,�h

�� �

� �

Q �

�� �

� �

� Q

�DH\

�� �

� Q

Q �

�� �

� Q

� Q

�D=\

Hz6�Y1+ � o � 0�+9@J/�mI+57d+-,�E�+�&)Y�e#&J/�@)68(*+-, � (10�+'"�4G4T+57�/�:�+'&)Yj:�/�(5h � 0G&)YjA56�Y*+'&)YdY1MP%'%'+5(*7C&)A56�@�(*/Hz6�Y*+ ¨ h

� �P�M��%'%'+,�M4 g��l46E!FIH_FIE+J � n " � $ cKW��S�^? J62<,1+ 0 > F T �.7 r<;�7:9 � 47�bFIE�W_0`46E D�F 0`4 W6, Jo(+*-,/.1032546, n o ��#¡ Q£¢ r st  ��#¡ Q£¢ @f4sFI7:,/4_0i2<,/.1E�F�WB7DFG0 > F\, *-Y0��FDE\4U(�Hs2546?AW_0gF�@]F�@B+%FI7�2<,K@_28Y FI, 7�2546,b7�4_0 > FDE\0 > W6, � *

���� r��� �� F��

� � � D F " n $ �=� ����� r��� �� F��

� � ��nD� p

Q �

Page 18: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

� ��� � � �C�Z��� ��� ���}������� � � � ��� ����HI/�:GYC&),�+57<(�m�/g0;M;4T+57CA5"G$�+-Y{&):;(*/pm<0�&)AC0�(10�+ /�7�&JE�&):G6�@�0WMP4T+57CA5"�$T+\&)Y�,�+-AB/�%94T/�Y*+-,Lm<0�+-:�6�@)@D+-,GE�+-Y&):.,G&)%'+-:GY1&J/�: ��6871+d71+-%9/�e�+-,�h c +3Y16�Mp(10�68([6�@)@�4�/�&F:W(1YIm<&J(10 �PFD���|6�:�,.+-,�E�+-Y[AB/�:G:�+-AB(1&F:�E�(10�+-%= /�7C% (10G+ 5 3+r3;�Y1"�$G� A5"�$T+ O 6�:G,�6�@)@G4T/�&):;(1Y�m<&)(10�� F � Q 6�:G,�+-,GE�+-YIAB/�:�:�+-AB(1&):�E (10�+-% = /�7C% (10�+ /?7 � �s;A5"�$�� A5"G$�+�h¦>�,�E�+-Y[&):.,G&)%'+-:GY1&J/�: ��Y*(16871([68([:G/P,�+-Yz/�=�(10�+d@J+5= (ZY1"�$�� A5"�$T+j6�:G,.+-:G,g68([:�/#,�+-Yz/�=�(10�+7C&JE�0;(jY1"�$�� A5"�$T+�h � 0�+571+5= /�71+ O 684G4�@JM#&):�E�(10�+�T �07 r3;)7 9��p/�4�+57�68(*/�7#D F�A56�:`/�:G@JM]A�0G6�:�E�+�(10�+|e£6�@)"G+-Y{/�=n`&):.(�m�/'mz6-M#Y5o

Q h[= 71/�%�/�:G+3(*/'¤5+571/'/�:]4�/�&F:W(1Y[&F:.(10�+3@J+5= ([Y1"�$�� A5"�$T+ O

� h[= 71/�%�¤5+57C/'(*/'/�:�+3/�:]4�/�&F:W(1Y[&F:.(10�+d7C&JE�0;([Y1"�$�� A5"G$�+�h

c +9l#:�/�m (10�68(3AC0G6�:�E�+-Yj/�=�( MP4T+-Y'� Q ��6�:G,�� � �{(*/�E�+5(10�+57\,�/g:�/�(d&):�AB71+-6�Y*+|(10�+9(*/�(16�@¦:;"�%\$T+57/�=Ze#&J/�@)68(*+-, +-,�E�+-Y &F:k,G&)%'+-:GY1&J/�:GYj/�(10G+57|(10�6�: �1h � 0�+571+5= /�71+ O Y1&):GAB+�AC0G6�:�E�+-Yg� Q �\6�:G, � � �\6£�T+-AB(/�:G@JM�(10�+3Y1"�$�� A5"G$�+{(10�+5M.6871+3%'6�,�+d&): O +-&J(10�+57\� Q ��/�7|� � �I,�/;+-YZ:G/�(z&F:GAB71+-6�Y*+j(10�+d(*/�(16�@D:P"G% $T+57I/�=e#&J/�@)68(*+-,g+-,�E�+-Y{&):g,G&)%'+-:GY1&J/�:GYI/�(10�+57<(10G6�:]�1h

� /g$T+�%'/�71+�4G71+-A5&)Y*+ O mI+',�+5V�:G+'5 3+r<;�6�:G, /D7 � �R;�T �07 r3;)7 9��./�4T+57C68(*/�7CY O�� F 6�:G,�� F O m<0G&)A�0`%'68l�+(10�+.Y16�%9+.AC0G6�:GE�+-Y9&):�n 6�Y<D�F O $S"�(\71+-Y1(*7C&)AB(*+-,�(*/L(10G+�@J+5= (�6�:G,k7�&JE�0W(�Y1"�$G� A5"�$T+-Y O 7C+-Y*4T+-AB(1&Je�+-@JM�h� 0�+-:]m�+\,G+5V�:�+\6':G+5m T �.7 r<;�7:9 �9/�4T+57C68(*/�7ED GF O m{0G&)AC0g&FYZ+-X;"�6�@D+-&J(10�+57<(*/ � F?/�7�� F O ,G+54�+-:�,G&):�E|/�:(10�+\:P"G% $T+57Z/�=�e#&J/�@)68(*+-,g+-,GE�+-Y � F " n $ 6�:G,��kF " n $ 0G6-e�+�h_ $%$� H���M�'�P B

� F10 � F " n $ �<���¦�� � D�F " n $ �<�T� 2 ( �PF�� �#¡

n¦�<��� 4_0 > FIE7� 287DF M � F10 � F " n $ �<�T���� � D�F " n $ �<��� 2 ( �3FD� Q ¡

n¦�<�T� 4_0 > FDE�� 287DF M� F10 D GF " n $ �

� � � F " n $ 2 ( ��� � F " n $ �d� ��� � F " n $ ��¡� F " n $ 4_0 > FDE�� 287DF M

RK$C(*( +a� U "#���37 $C������$C.<�Pb DHGF Y �l4_E�W_, J ��n " � $ ¡ 0 > F (I4_?8?A4 � 2<,1+��^EU4�� FIEI0325FI7:4�( 0 > F�,^F#� T �07 r3;)7 9��4��bFDEUWf0`46E DHGF > 46?A@ *, MED�GF " n $ 2 7�Y�46,/4f0`46,^Fj2<,�@628Y FD,b7�2546, ��M� M &K�S�/? J628,,+o0 > F T �.7 r<;�7:9 � 4��bFDEUWf0`46E D GF 0`4oW6, J\(+*-,/.1032546, n @e4sF+7�,/4f0�2<,/.DE�F�W67DF 0 > F ,k*aY0��FIE 4U(

Q

Page 19: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

HR234_? W_0gF�@[F�@B+aF+7:2<,�0 > Fj@62<Y�FD,b7�2546,b7j4_0 > FIEG0 > W6, � *�

��� r��� �� F��� � � D GF " n $ �=� �

���� r��� �� F��� � ��nD� p

"#�����3b��Q h�HZ@J+-687C@JM O $�/�(10 � FZ6�:G, �kFZ71+54�6�&)736�@)@¦e#&J/�@)68(*+-,y+-,GE�+-Y\&):y,�&)%9+-:GY1&)/�: �Co��,F�� � F " n $ �d� �L6�:G,�,F*� � F " n $ �¦� �#h�!#&F:GAB+ O $;M ,�+5V�:G&J(1&)/�: O D�GF &)Y�+-XP"G6�@P(*/ � F�/�7¦(*/ �kF O &J(�6�@FY*/{7C+54�6�&J7CY?6�@)@;eP&)/�@)68(*+-,+-,GE�+-Y<&):g,G&F%9+-:GY1&J/�: �1h

� h � M.4G71+5e#&J/�"GYZ,�&)Y1A5"GY1YC&J/�: O +-&J(10�+57��p� � F " n $ �d� ��� D�F " n $ �I/�7 ��� �kF " n $ �d� �p� D�F " n $ h � Mg,�+5V�:G&��(1&)/�: O DHGF &)Yz+-XP"G6�@�(*/'(10�+\/�4�+57�68(*/�7<(10G68([= /�7CAB+-Y<n�(*/p0G6-e�+ =f+5mI+57[e#&J/�@)68(*+-,g+-,�E�+-Y-h

!P+5( � F ��nD��(*/p$�+j(10�+ :;"G% $T+57Z/�=�A�0G6�:�E�+-Y{=f7C/�% nL(*/dDHGF " n $�O :G6�%9+-@JM O

�eF*��nD�¦� �  1�¡Cn¦�<�T���� D GF �<�T� ¢ � p

��$�Y1+571e�+ O (10G68( �eF*��nD��� �,F���nD��h � 0;"GY O m�+3A56�:�71+54�6�&J7[6�@)@Te#&J/�@)68(*+-,.+-,GE�+-Y[/�=¦n�$;M.AC0G6�:GE�&):�E�nL/�:68(<%9/�Y1(�����nD��4T/�&):;(1Y O "GYC&):�E�(10�+d= /�@)@J/�m{&):�E96�@JE�/�7C&J(10�%gh

u� q x ��� o p � �<+54�+-68({"G:W(1&F@Tn`&FYZ%9/�:�/�(*/�:�+�oQ h<§�&)A1lg:�/�:�� %9/�:�/�(*/�:�+\,�&)%9+-:GY1&)/�: �1h

� h�HZ0G6�:�E�+ nL(*/dDHGF " n $ h

� 0�&)Yz4G71/�e�+-Y[(10�+d= /�@)@J/�m<&):�E9@J+-%'%�6#h

RK$C(*( +�� ��h9��nD�=��� � �� X (D46E�W6,kJ n�o# ��#¡ Q£¢ r st  ��#¡ Q£¢ M

i{/�(1&)AB+I(10G68((10�+I"�4G4T+57D$T/�"G:G,\68$�/�e�+�&)Y(1&JE�0;(5h���/�7?+-6�A�0|:�68(1"�7C6�@W:P"G% $T+57D� O mI+zA56�: AB/�:GY1(*7C"GAB(n�o# ��#¡ Q£¢ r�t  ��#¡ Q£¢ =f/�7�m<0G&)A�0�� h ��nD�¦� �p��nD�*� � r p i{6�%'+-@JM O @)+5(�n�$T+ Q /�:p6�@)@�4T/�&):;(1Y¦m<0�/�Y*+<VG7CY*(AB/P/�7C,G&):G68(*+3&FYz¤5+571/�6�:G,g�9/�:�6�@)@T4T/�&):W(1YIm<0G/�Y*+dVG7CY*([AB/P/�7C,G&F:G68(*+d&)YZ/�:�+�h � 0G+-:geP&)/�@)68(*+-,.+-,�E�+-Y[/�=n 6871+|+-,�E�+-Y�/�=¦(10�+|=f/�7�% �U�6�¡ Q ���<=f/�7j6�@)@l� ny ��#¡ Q£¢ r ��\ O 6�:G,�0G+-:GAB+��p��nD�I� � r ��\ h � /�%�68l�+�n%9/�:�/�(*/�:G+ O mI+j0G6-e�+j(*/�AC0G6�:�E�+d&J(1Y�e86�@)"�+</�:�68(z@J+-6�Y*(I/�:�+{/�=(10�+<(�m�/�+-:G,�4T/�&):;(1Y�/�=+-6�AC0�eP&)/�@)68(*+-,+-,�E�+�h<!#&):�AB+36�@)@�e#&J/�@)68(*+-,]+-,GE�+-Y{6871+ ,G&)Y }*/�&):;( O n`0G6�Y[(*/p$�+ AC0G6�:�E�+-,L/�:�68(�@J+-6�Y*( � r ��\ 4T/�&):;(1Y5h � :

Q-R

Page 20: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

=U6�AB( O n]:�+5+-,GY�(*/ $T+{A�0G6�:�E�+-,�/�:p+B�#6�AB(1@JM � r ��\ 4�/�&F:W(1Y5o�= /�7�+B��6�%94�@J+ O %'68l#&):�E n]¤5+571/|+5e�+571M;m{0�+571+71+-XP"G&J71+-Y � r ��\ AC0�6�:�E�+-Y5h � 0;"GY O ��h9��nD�¦� Q � � � �p��nD�*� � r h

� 0G+w%�6�&):v(10�+5/�71+-% /�= (10G&)Y�A�0G684G(*+57x&)Y�6�:v+-6�Y1MvAB/�7C/�@)@)6871M�/�=�(10�+ 4G7C+5eP&J/�"�Y @)+-%'%'6#h"#�����3be�3beJ 8�$C�3��$C( ! � �D+5(|n o? ��#¡ Q£¢ ryt  ��#¡ Q£¢ 6�:�,�� $T+9(10�+p"G:G&J= /�7C%v,G&)Y*(*7�&J$�"�(1&J/�:�/�e�+57(10�+3+-,GE�+-Y[/�=?(10�+\0;M;4T+57CA5"G$�+�h � Mg(10�+\4G71+5e#&J/�"GYZ@J+-%'%�6 O ����nD� � � h ��nD��� � r p !#&):�AB+�(10G+571+\6871+ � re�+571(1&)AB+-Y{6�:G,g� � r ��\ +-,�E�+-Y<&):g6�:��T� ,G&)%9+-:�Y1&J/�:G6�@�0WMP4T+57CA5"�$T+ O

�ev � v3s ����n�¡��3��� ����nD�� � r ��\ � � ��h9��nD�

� p

� �

Page 21: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

� ��������� �

� � a��� � � ��� � ����� � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � ���

� :3(10G&)Y�AC0G684�(*+57 O m�+I,�+-Y1&JE�: 6�@JE�/�7C&J(10�%'YD= /�7(10�+IA56�Y*+I�L� Q8O =f/�7?6�:WM qk6�:G,|uzh � :\6�A5AB/�7�,G6�:GAB+Im<&J(10/�"�7?6�@JE�/�7C&J(10�%'&)A�YCAC0�+-%'6 O (10G+I,�+-YC&JE�:\/�=SY1"GAC0�6�@JE�/�7�&J(10G%'Y�6�%9/�"G:;(1Y?(*/{(10�+z,�+-Y1&)E�:\/�=�6{4G71/�$S68$�&)@)&J(�M,G&)Y1(*7C&J$�"�(1&)/�:<Z o�q � st " �#¡ QV$ � m<&)(10 Y1"�4G4T/�71(j/�:G@JM�/�: 4�6�&)7CY'����¡��-�dm<&J(10 � ����h�i</�(*+p(10G68(3= /�7� � Q8O m�+g0G6�e�+�� r� � Zh �{Y�,G&FY1A5"GY1Y*+-,�&):�AC0G684�(*+57 �PO 6�:WM�@J/�mI+57�$�/�"�:G,k/�: �ev � v3s ����n�¡)ZT� O&)%94S@)&J+-Y�6�:y"�4G4T+57d$T/�"G:G,�/�: (10�+':P"G% $T+57d/�=�(1&)%'+-Y �B� �¦¡C�-¡���q3�¥¡�� u<����(10�68(3(10�+9$�6�Y1&FA9&J(*+57C68(1&J/�: /�=(10�+d6�@JE�/�7C&)(10G%'&)A�Y1AC0G+-%'6�Y10�/�"G@),p$T+{4T+571= /�7C%9+-,Dh c +d4�71+-Y*+-:;(I(10G71+5+dY1"GAC0.,G&FY*(*7C&J$�"G(1&J/�:GY O ,G+-:�/�(*+-,Z]\ O Z � O 6�:G,2ZP^ O 6�:G,g4G7C/�e#&),�+j$T/�"G:G,GYI/�: �ev ��vPs ����n�¡)Z ��� O =f/�7[+-6�A�0 �Gh

� ��� � � �� � �J����W�� �

� 0�+L=f/�@F@J/�m<&F:�Ek@J+-%'%�6 \ O m<0G&)A�0 71+-@F68(*+-Y.��h|��nD�'(*/ )�� q uS��nD� O m<&)@F@Z$T+L"GY*+-, &): /�"�7g6�:G6�@JM#Y1&)Y'/�=e8687C&J/�"GYz6�@JE�/�7C&)(10G%'Y5h��[+-A56�@F@T(10G68([6 Y Wf0`. > 2<,1+ /�=�6�E�7C684�0.&)Yz69AB/�@)@J+-AB(1&)/�:./�=+-,�E�+-YZ(10�68(zYC0G6871+d:�/AB/�%'%9/�:�+-:G,�4T/�&):;(5h

RK$C(*( +� �l46E W6, J n�o#q�st u 0 > F�+_E�W�� > ' G � ��q�¡ ) � q uS��nD�*��> WB7GW Y�W_0`. > 28,,+[4U(:7+2 �RF ��h���nD�����q3��� � M

"#�����3b�� �[+-A56�@)@(10G68({6 H_FIEI0gF��[.�46H6FDE /�=�69E�7C684�0L&)Y<6�Y1"�$�Y*+5(</�=¦e�+571(1&)AB+-Y�Y1"GAC0�(10G68(<+5e�+57CMg+-,�E�+/�=<(10G+�E�7�684�0 0G6�Y968(9@J+-6�Y*(�/�:�+./�={&J(1Y|+-:G,G4�/�&F:W(1Y�&): (10�+gY1"�$�Y1+5(5h c +]A5@)6�&)% (10G68('6`%'&):G&F% "G%

=�� f%W8@8G BXN6P)N?GML HJC)EFP�N?C�N6P)@Z@ ] C�E6LTGIE?GML BDGINEW b U\C)N?f N?faGFE?GdB%>%@ N P)_4L N?f%G RTE?C<C�H faCV@ZL H C�E P�_<] R%P)EDN?WZP�@8@ ] C)E6LaGIE?GdLBDGIN�� i�#Q

Page 22: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

e�+571(*+B�LAB/�e�+57j/�= ' G 0G6�Y�Y1&J¤5+\68(j@J+-6�Y*({��h9��nD���P��q3�¥h � 0G+\@J+-%'%'6�,G&J71+-AB(1@JM.= /�@)@J/�m<Y<6�Y<(10�+ Y1&)¤5+\/�=�6%'6£��&)%|"G%�%'68(1A�0G&):�E'&)Y<68({@J+-6�Y*( Q � � /�=�(10�+\Y1&J¤5+\/�=�(10G+\%'&):G&F% "G% e�+571(*+B��AB/�e�+57-h �D+5( ��� q $T+6�:;M�e�+571(*+B� AB/�e�+573/�= 'kGUh c +':�+B�P(dY10G/�mw(10G68(j$;M�%9/#,G&J= MP&):GE'(10�+|e£6�@)"G+ /�=zny/�:G@)Mg/�:`4�/�&F:W(1Y�&):� O m�+d/�$G(16�&F:]6'%9/�:�/�(*/�:G+3= "�:GAB(1&J/�: O &)%94S@JMP&F:�E (10�68(|� �9� � ��h9��nD���P��q3� O 6�Y<A5@F6�&)%9+-,�h

�+5(���� q�� � h � M ,�+5VS:G&J(1&J/�:\/�= � O (10�+57C+z687C+z:G/{e#&J/�@)68(*+-,|+-,�E�+-Y?$T+5( mI+5+-:�4�6�&J7�Y/�=Ge�+57C(1&)AB+-Y¦&):�\h�HI/�:�Y1&),�+57�(10�+{= /�@)@J/�m<&):�E|&J(*+57C68(1&Je�+j4G7C/PAB+-Y1Y O m<0G+571+�&F:�+-6�A�0gY*(*+54.m�+d%9/#,G&J= M�(10�+je£6�@)"G+</�=�n]/�:6'Y1&F:�E�@J+ � n � O 71+-%9/�e�+:��=f/�7C% � O 6�:G,g6�,�,]&J(z(*/��\h c + %'6�&):;(16�&):.(10�+34G7C/�4�+57C( M�� m{0G&)AC0g0G/�@),GY&):G&)(1&)6�@)@JMG�z(10G68(\=f/�@)@)/�m<&):GE�+-6�A�0kY*(*+54k(10�+571+�6871+':G/geP&J/�@F68(*+-, +-,�E�+-Y3$T+5(�m�+5+-:ke�+571(1&)AB+-Y\&F:��\h � 0�+4G71/#AB+-Y1Y+-:G,GY�m<0G+-: ����<6�:G,� �xqIr O Y*/[(10G68(�(10�+�VS:G6�@8= "�:GAB(1&J/�:3&)Y%9/�:�/�(*/�:�+�h � /[71+-,�+5V�:G+�(10�+e86�@)"�+�/�=�n9/�:\� O m�+zAB/�:GY1&),G+57(10�+�=f/�@)@)/�m<&):GE[( mI/�YC"�$�Y*+5(1Y�/�=��\o��=\��  1�on �xop�<��¡���� n ) � q u���nD� ¢6�:G,�� � �   � n�� o �<�S¡��;��n ) � q uG��nD� ¢ h � M (*7C6�:GY1&)(1&JeP&)( M�/�=Z(10�+'4�6871(1&F6�@�/�7C,�+57 O 6�:G,k(10�+�=U6�AB((10G68(3(10G+571+p6871+p:�/]e#&J/�@)68(*+-, +-,�E�+-Y��<�¡��;� O = /�7\��¡���n�� O 68(|%9/�Y*(3/�:G+'/�=z(10�+-Y*+�Y1"G$�Y*+5(1Y3&)Y\:�/�:#�+-%94G(�M�h � =�� \ &)Y�:G/�:#��+-%94G(�M O (10�+-:�mI+d@J+5(In¦�<�G�¦� %'6£� � ��� =  �n¦�<��� ¢�O 6�:G,�&J=�� � &)YI:�/�:#��+-%94G(�M O (10�+-:n¦�<�G�3��%'&F:�� ��� 3  �n¦�<�G� ¢ h � :�A56�Y*+�$T/�(10k6871+p+-%94G( M �U6�@)@�e#&J/�@)68(*+-,k+-,�E�+-Y�&):GA5&),�+-:;(d(*/K�y0G6-e�+.6�:+-:G,#��4T/�&):;(Z&): �d� O (10�+3e86�@)"�+j/�= ��%'6�M.71+-%'6�&):g"G:�AC0G6�:�E�+-,Dh

c +d:�/�(*+{(10G68(�(10G+�Y1&)¤5+</�=�(10�+�%'&):G&)%|"G% e�+57C(*+B�pAB/�e�+57[6�AB(1"G6�@F@JM9+-X;"�6�@)Y���h���nD������q3�¥h�HI/�:�Y1&),�+576�:;M Y1+5( � Y1"�AC0 (10G68(p$;M %9/#,G&J= MP&F:�EL(10G+]e£6�@F"�+g/�=jn /�:�@JM /�: Y*(*7C&):�E�Y9&F: � mI+�A56�:�/�$�(16�&):�6%9/�:�/�(*/�:G+]= "�:GAB(1&J/�: m h � 0�+-: �v% "GY1(|$T+]6`e�+571(*+B��AB/�e�+57�/�=�'kG O 6�Y9/�(10�+57Cm<&)Y*+.(10�+571+g7C+-%'6�&):e#&J/�@)68(*+-,g+-,�E�+-Y<m<&J(10.71+-Y14�+-AB(Z(*/ m h

� ��� � � � �q��� ���a� ��� �r�G�q������

�?&J7CY*(¦mI+<AB/�:GYC&),�+57�6de�+57CM�YC&)%94�@J+z,G&)Y1(*7C&J$�"�(1&)/�: Z�(10G68(�/�:G@JM�@J/P/�lPY�68(�:�+-&JE�0;$T/�7C&):�Ej4�6�&J7�Y¦6�:G,'Y10�/�m(10G68(<&)(ZE�&Je�+-Y<6�(*/P/�@J/�mx4G71/�$S68$�&)@)&J(�M9/�=¦,�+5(*+-AB(1&):�E�6'eP&J/�@F68(1&J/�:./�=¦%9/�:�/�(*/�:G&)A5&)( M�h

���'j � x ����m � � q=r Z]\ � � 0G&)Yz,G&)Y1(*7C&J$�"�(1&)/�:p&)YZ"�:G&J= /�7C% /�e�+57�4�6�&J7CY3����¡�� � Q ��h � 0G68([&FY O

Z]\�����¡���� Q ��� Q �#�#��� Q ��¡*= /�7'�'� Q ¡ pDpDp ¡�� � Q p

"#���37 �P.����M�'�P O� ���l4_EGW6, J u W_,/@ nLoPq�st u c �ev ��vPs ����n�¡)Z \ � � �� ��\ ��� h ��nD�IM

� 0G+�@J/�mI+57�$T/�"G:�,�A56�:�$T+�Y10G/�m<: (*/k$T+g(1&JE�0;(�+5e�+-: =f/�7.u �  ��#¡ Q£¢ � $PM AB/�:�Y1&),�+57C&F:�E (10�+=U"G:GAB(1&J/�:]n`,�+5VS:�+-,.$;Mgn¦�<�T�¦� Q &J= � �P� � 6�:G,�n¦�<���¦� �9/�(10�+571m{&)Y*+���h

� �

Page 23: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

"#�����3b�� � =I��h|��nD�3�x� O (10�+-:�(10�+57C+9+B�#&)Y1(1Y�Y1/�%9+ ��n   Q ¡ pDpDp ¡���� Q£¢ Y*/g(10G68(3n¦���G�d� n¦����� Q ��h� =�(10G+571+L6871+`68(p@)+-6�Y*(�(�m�/ Y1"GA�0 ��� Y O (10G+-: mI+�71+~}*+-AB(�m<&J(10 4G7C/�$�68$�&)@)&)( M 68(p@J+-6�Y*( � �#�#� � Q � �� ��h9��nD�*�#�#� � Q ��6�Y\��h9��nD��� Q h ��(10G+571m<&)Y*+ O (10G+571+'&)Yj6g"G:G&)XP"�+��L(10G68(\A56�"GY*+-Yd"�Yj(*/]71+~}*+-AB(5h � :(10G&)Y�A56�Y*+ O ��h9��nD�]� Q � � Y1&F:GAB+gm�+LA56�: AC0�6�:�E�+�+-&J(10G+57�6�@)@<n¦�<�~��(*/ n¦����� Q �|= /�7 � � ��/�7�6�@)@n¦�<�~�|(*/�n¦���G�|=f/�7 ��� � &): /�7�,�+57�(*/k%�68l�+�n %9/�:�/�(*/�:G+�h � 0P"GY O m�+L71+~}�+-AB(�m<&J(10 4G71/�$S68$�&)@)&J(�MQ �#�#� � Q � � � � h ��nD�*�#�#� � Q �Z&):.(10G&)Y[A56�Y1+\6�Y[mI+-@)@�h

� ��� � �G� � � � �q��� ��� �r���q�Z� � �

c +�Y*+5+�(10G68(9(10�+]68$T/�e�+L(*+-Y*('&)Y9(*/P/ &*Y10�/�71(�� YC&JE�0W(*+-, (yY1&):GAB+g&J(9/�:�@JM @J/P/�l#Y968('(10�+]:�+-&JE�0;$T/�7C&):�E4�6�&J7�Y[/�=¦e�+571(1&)AB+-Y-h c +9:�/�mw,�+-Y1&JE�:L6�,G&FY*(*7C&J$�"G(1&J/�:.(10G68({Y14�/�(1Y{(10�+ eP&J/�@F68(*+-,�+-,�E�+-Y�%|"GAC0�$T+5(*(*+57-h��Y :�/�(*+-,k$T+5=f/�71+ O 6�:�6�@J(*+57C:G68(1&Je�+�,G&)Y*(*7�&J$�"�(1&J/�:�m<0�&)AC0y%'+5+5(1Y\(10�+�Y16�%9+p$�/�"�:G,`mI6�Y 4G71+5e#&J/�"GYC@JMY1"�E�E�+-Y1(*+-,�6�:G,]6�:�6�@JM;¤5+-,�&): "�N%$ h���'j � x ����m � � q=r Z � � � 0G&FY\,G&)Y1(*7C&J$�"�(1&)/�: &)Y "�:G&J= /�7C% /�: 6LY1+5(���� q � q m{0G&)AC0�&)Y ,�+5V�:�+-,�6�Y= /�@)@J/�m{Y5h � 0�+3Y1+5(�� AB/�:GY1&FY*(1YZ/�=?4�6�&J7CY3����¡���� O m{0�+571+3� � � �[� �� 6�:G, �� &)Yz(10�+\@)687CE�+-Y*([4T/�mI+57/�= � m<0�&)AC0�,G&Je#&),�+-Y<+-&J(10�+57 ��/�7'�£h � 0�68(j&FY O @J+5(� .-�[34/ � �<�~�:n  ��#¡ Q pApAp ¡1@J/�E � � ¢ ,�+-:G/�(*+|(10G+�@F6871E�+-Y*(4T/�mI+57[/�= � m<0G&FAC0g,G&Je#&),�+-Y=�1h � 0�+-: O

�� 7"j$�  ;����¡���� nLq ��q oW� "� � � � ��� �� ����������� 3 � � � � ��������� 3 ��� ��� ¢ � � h Q �

6�:G,eZ � ����¡������ \� � � = /�7[+5e�+571Mk����¡����dn�� O 6�:�,]&)Y[��/�(10�+57Cm<&)Y*+�h

"#���37 �P.����M�'�P O�3� �l4_EGW6, J u W_,/@ nLoPq�st u c �ev ��vPs ����n�¡)Z � � � \� �! #"�$ � � ��� h ��nD�IM

"#�����3b�� c +gVG7�Y*(|YC0�/�m (10G68(�� �p�¦�v�'�#��@J/�E �#��h � 0G&FY A56�: $T+.Y10�/�m{: $PMkA�0G6871E�&):�E�+-6�AC0�4�6�&J7����¡����dn�� (*/{(10G+�+-@J+-%9+-:;(?,G&Je#&)Y1&J$�@)+�$PMd(10�+z@)6871E�+57�4T/�mI+57�/�= � �U&�h�+�h O (*/ �\&J=Y .-� 34/ � ���G�z�d .-�[34/ � �����6�:G, (*/ �L/�(10�+571m<&)Y1+�� O 6�:G, :G/�(1&):�Ek(10�68(p(10�+`AC0�6871E�+ &):GA5"�717C+-, /�: +-6�A�0 +-@J+-%9+-:;( �9&)Yp68(g%9/�Y*(� � � ��������� 3 � F � h � (�=f/�@)@)/�m<Y¦(10�68(�(10�+<(*/�(16�@�A�0G6871E�+j&)Y�68(z%9/�Y*(&% �F('=\ � ��������� 3 � F � �=\ �)% #"�$ 3 ��*',+ �

�.- � �� �=\ �

�'�#��@J/�E �#��h!#&F:GAB+ Z � &)YI"G:G&J= /�7C% /�e�+57�� O (10�+�e86�@)"�+�/�= �ev � v3s ����n�¡)Z � ��&FY�(10�+�7C68(1&J/�$T+5( mI+5+-:.(10�+j:;"�%\$T+57

/�=¦e#&J/�@)68(*+-,L+-,�E�+-Y�/�=�n &):/� 6�:G,L(10�+ YC&J¤5+\/�=��9h � 0;"�Y O &J(<71+-%'6�&):GY<(*/�YC0�/�m (10G68(�(10�+\= /�7C%9+57j&)Y�3����h���nD��� �#��h � :p(10G+�= /�@)@J/�m<&):�E|6871E�"G%9+-:;([&J(Im<&)@)@S$T+�AB/�:;e�+-:G&J+-:;(Z(*/9e#&J+5m (10�+d&):G,G&)AB+-Y Q ¡ pDpDp ¡��p6�Ye�+571(1&)AB+-YI/�=D6 E�7C684�0p6�:G,�(10G+<4�6�&J7�Y{����¡����dn�� 6�YI,�&J71+-AB(*+-,'+-,GE�+-Y5h c +j71+5=f+57I(*/|(10G&)Y�E�7�684�0�6�Y ' � O

��¨

Page 24: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

6�:G,]:G/�(*+3(10G68(<&J([&FYZ6'Y1"�$GE�7�684�0g&J= ' \

h

� 5 Q07 9���������� ��/�7\+5e�+571ML(�m�/�e�+571(1&)AB+-Y ��6�:G, ��&): ' � m<&J(10�� � O (10�+57C+'&)Yj6g,G&J71+-AB(*+-,`4�68(10`/�=@J+-:�E�(10�68(<%9/�Y*( � = 71/�% �g(*/��j&F: ' � h

� /2- -Br�-Br�� 5 Q07 9� �+5(�.� � @)/�E ��� O 6�:G,yAB/�:GYC&),�+57d(10�+'$S&):G6871M�Y1(*7C&):�E�Yd/�=z@J+-:�E�(10��7C+54G71+-Y*+-:;(1&):�E�y6�:�,��8h �+5( � � �<��� ��\-¡ pDpDp ¡���+��d6�:G, ��� �<�����\5¡ pDpDp ¡�� +5��h �D+5(��L$T+'(10�+�0G&JE�0�+-Y1(\&):G,�+B� Y1"GA�0(10G68(�� � � �y6�:�,L� ��� Q h i{/�(*+�(10�68(��3F � ��Fj=f/�7��� P� �#h c +�A5@)6�&)% (10G68(�(10�+]e�+571(*+B�

� ���<��� ��\-¡ pDpDp ¡�� � �=\�¡ Q ¡1�#¡ pDpDp �W��&)Yj/�: 6.4�68(10`/�=z@J+-:�E�(10 � = 71/�% ��(*/!�8h � 0�&)Y<= /�@)@J/�m<Yj= 71/�%v(10�+,�+5V�:�&J(1&J/�: /�= � O Y1&):GAB+ � &)Y�,G&)eP&),G+-, $;M �

� O m<0G&)@)+]$T/�(10 � � � � �� � % � ��\F�',+ �3F �

F � �� 6�:G,

� � � � % � ��\F(',+ ��F �F �

� h �c +p:G/�m 684�4�@JM �D+-%'%'6 R (*/�/�$G(16�&F:y6]%'68(1A�0G&):�E � /�=ZY1&J¤5+�� � ����h9��nD�¦� �#� � �dAB/�:GYC&)Y*(1&):�Eg/�=e#&J/�@)68(*+-,L+-,�E�+-Yj/�=�n�h � M](10G+|68$T/�e�+9A5@)6�&F% O (10G+571+|&FY[4�68(10�/�=�@J+-:GE�(10L68(d%9/�Y*( � &): ' � $T+5( mI+5+-:+5e�+571M�%'68(1AC0�+-,y4�6�&J7-hd>�6�A�0 +-,�E�+���/�= ' � $T+-@J/�:GE�Y<(*/]68(d%9/�Y*( � Y1"GA�0`4�68(10GY5o{/�:`68(3%9/�Y*(j/�:�+4�68(10y&)(j&FYj(10�+9VG7CY*(d+-,GE�+ O 6�:G,`/�:y68(3%'/�Y*(3/�:�+'&J(d&)Yj(10G+�Y*+-AB/�:G, +-,GE�+�� /�(10�+571m<&)Y1+ O � &FYd:�/�(\6%'68(1A�0G&):�E;��h�!#&F:GAB+z=f/�7�+5e�+57CMg�<��¡���� n � m�+[0G6�e�+�n¦�<���I� n¦�<���z� m{0G&)@J+d� �!��� O (10�+<@J+-:�E�(10�� � 4�68(10$T+5( mI+5+-:���6�:G,j�|%|"GY*(�AB/�:;(16�&):'63eP&J/�@F68(*+-,�+-,�E�+�h � 0P"GY O mI+[/�$G(16�&):968(�@)+-6�Y*(��L� � � ����h���nD�;� �#� � �e#&J/�@)68(*+-,g+-,�E�+-Y{&): ' � O 6�:G,.(10G+34G71/�4T/�Y1&J(1&)/�:p= /�@)@J/�m<Y5h

� r ��o�v�� # � � p n�u � ��� q�� ���'j � x ����m � � q=r Z �� c +|Y10�/�m (10G68(<(10G+371+-Y1"G@)(Z/�=?§�71/�4T/�Y1&J(1&J/�: Q�Q &)Y/�4G(1&)%�6�@[�U"�4 (*/�6gAB/�:GY*(16�:;(3=U6�AB(*/�7�� O +5e�+-: =f/�7|u �� ��#¡ Q£¢ h � 0G+|= /�@)@J/�m<&):�Eg6871E�"�%9+-:W(3&FYd,G"�+�(*/KL&)AC0G68+-@��d7C&Je#&)@J+5e#&)AC0Dh

"#���37 �P.����M�'�P O�C! �l4_E W_, J[@62 7I03E�2j�I*b032546, Zyo�q �`q st " �#¡ QV$ c � 230 > 7�*f�S�-4_E+0 46, ? J]4_,��-W62<E�7 ����¡����7�* . > 0 > W_0 �! "� cC0 > FIE�F�F��f2 7I0<7�W ,^46, . Y 4_,/4_0`46,^F n�oPq st  ��#¡ Q£¢ 7I4 0 > Wf0

�ev � v3s ����n�¡)Z��� �

@J/�E � �����h9��nD�

"#�����3b�� �D+5( Z�$T+d6',G&FY*(*7C&J$�"G(1&J/�:�/�:]4�6�&J7CYZ6�Y{68$�/�e�+�h c +\,G+5V�:�+

! #"%$� %'6£�#" %$& � + � \ � Y5h�(5h('*) � �*+ +-, �ev ��vPs ����n�¡)ZT���h9��nD� .

�j"�796�&)% &)Y|(*/yY10G/�m�(10G68( ! � � ��@J/�E � ��h � 0G+pl�+5M�/�$�Y*+571e868(1&J/�: &)Y|(10G68(9= /�7'6�:;M AB/�:GY*+-A5"G(1&Je�+�#/ &):G,G&)AB+-Y O Z 0G6�Yd(*/]6�Y1YC&JE�:y6.4G71/�$S68$�&)@)&J(�M�%'6�Y1Y3/�=I68(\@)+-6�Y*( ! � / � �L(*/g4�6�&J7CY'����¡�����m<0G+571+ �`&)Y6�%9/�:�Eg(10G+�@)/�mI+-Y*( / &):�,G&)AB+-Y�6�:G, �|&)Yj6�%9/�:GEg(10�+90G&JE�0�+57 / YC"GAC0 &):�,G&)AB+-Y5h � 0�&)Y</�$SY*+571e868(1&J/�: &)Y

� �

Page 25: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

4G71/�e�+-: 6�Y�=f/�@)@)/�m<Y5h �+5( � ¡�� $T+|(10�+|@)/�m 6�:G,`0G&JE�0L4�6871(1Y�/�=�(10G+�&F:W(*+571e86�@�&):LXP"�+-Y*(1&)/�: � (10G68(d&)Y O� �   � � Q ¡ pApAp ¡ � � /�¢ 6�:G,�� �   � � / � Q ¡ pApAp ¡ � � � � ¢�O = /�7<Y*/�%9+ � n` ��#¡ pApAp ¡�� � �#/�¢ hzHI/�:�Y1&),�+57(10�+{= "G:�AB(1&J/�:�ng,�+5VS:�+-,9$PM�n¦�<�~�¦� Q &)=^��n ���   � � �#/ � Q ¡ pApAp ¡�� ¢ 6�:�,pn¦�<�~�¦� �\/�(10�+571m<&FY*+�h � 0�+-:��h9��nD�¦� / � �Gh��j:�(10G+{/�(10�+57[0�6�:G, O (10�+{/�:�@JM94�6�&J7CYj����¡�����m<&J(10pn¦���G�Z� n¦���-��6871+j(10�/�Y*+jY168(1&)Y1=fM#&):�E� n � 6�:G,�� n��kh � 0;"�Y O $PM`,G+5V�:G&J(1&J/�:�/�= ! O &J(\%|"GY*(30�/�@),`(10�68( ! � §�7 ����� ��� � � " � n ��� � n� $ �#� / � �#� O 6�:G,](10�+d/�$�Y*+571e868(1&J/�:g= /�@)@J/�m<Y5h

� 0G+�71+-Y*(�/�=d(10�+`6871E�"G%9+-:;(.&)Y�XP"G&J(*+�Y*(*7C6�&JE�0;(*=f/�7CmI687C,Do HI/�:GY1&),G+57�@J/�E � � 4�687C(1&J(1&J/�:GY�/�=3(10�+&):;(*+571e86�@ "�Q ¡�� $�O Y*/.(10G68(j(10�+G����4�6871(1&)(1&J/�:L&FY�&F:W(*/.AB/�:GY*+-A5"�(1&)e�+'Y*+5E�%9+-:;(1Yj/�=�@J+-:�E�(10 �

F h3��/�73+-6�A�0Y*+5E�%9+-:;(p&F: (10�+[� �� 4S6871(1&J(1&J/�: O 4G71/�$�68$S&)@)&J(�M Z 6�Y1Y1&)E�:�6 4G71/�$S68$�&)@)&J(�Mk%'6�Y1Y�/�=�68(�@J+-6�Y*( �

F���\ ! � �(*/�4S6�&J7CYjm<0�+57C+'/�:�+'+-@J+-%'+-:W(\&FY3&): (10�+p@J/�m 4S6871(3/�=z(10�+�Y*+5E�%'+-:W(|6�:G,y(10�+�/�(10�+57\+-@J+-%'+-:W(\&FY3&):(10�+'0G&)E�0`4�6871(5hp!#&):�AB+|(10G+-Y*+'Y*+5E�%9+-:;(1Y\6871+p,G&)Y }*/�&):;(�6�:G,y(10�+-&J73:P"G%\$T+573&)Y �#� �

F O &J(j= /�@)@J/�m{Yj(10G68(Z�6�YCY1&JE�:GY 6]4G71/�$S68$�&)@)&J(�ML%'6�YCY3/�=[68( @)+-6�Y*( ! � � (*/�4S6�&J7CY36�%9/�:GEL0G6�@Je�+-Y /�=[Y*+5E�%9+-:;(1Y|&): (10�+ � ��4�6871(1&)(1&J/�:�h � 0G+-Y*+\4�6�&)7CY<6871+�,G&)YU}�/�&):;([= 71/�% 4�6�&J7CY{AB/�:GY1&),�+57C+-,�&):�(10�+ /�(10G+57�4S6871(1&J(1&J/�:GY{6�:G,�Y*/�mI+AB/�:GA5@)"�,�+d(10G68( �U@J/�E � �P���� � � Q h � 0�+d4�71/�4T/�Y1&J(1&J/�:�= /�@)@J/�m{Y5h

� ��� � �q��� ��� �r���q�Z� ��� � � �� �L� ��� � � �*� �����

c + :G/�mx,�+-YCAB7C&J$T+d69,G&)Y*(*7C&)$�"�(1&J/�:p(10G68([mI/�71l#YZm�+-@F@�=f/�7<(10�+3$T/;/�@)+-6�:.7C6�:�E�+�h

���'j � x ����m � � q=r ZP^ � � 0G&FY[,G&)Y*(*7�&J$�"�(1&J/�:g&FY{"G:�&J=f/�7�%�/�e�+5736�@F@D4�6�&J7�Y ����¡����<YC"GAC0L(10G68( � �£h � 0G68(&)Y O Z�^8����¡������ � �#�*�#� � Q � �#�z= /�7 Q � �! ���.��h

"#���37 �P.����M�'�P O�/0��l4_EGW6, J n�o;q�st  ��#¡ Q£¢ c �ev � v3s ����n�¡)Z�^5� � ��h���nD�~��� � M

� Y1@)&JE�0;(1@JM�%9/�71+�A56871+5=U"G@�6�:�6�@JMPYC&)Y'� m<0G&)A�0 mI+'/�%'&J(���A56�:k+B�P(*+-:G,k(10�+'$T/�"G:G,`(*/���h9��nD� � O m<0G&FAC0&)Yp(1&JE�0;(5h ��/�7]6�:WM &):;(*+5E�+57 � �P� �PO AB/�:GY1&F,�+57p(10G+�=U"G:GAB(1&)/�: n¦�<���]� � &J=��#n�  � ¡ � ¡ N pApAp � � ¢6�:G,�n¦�<�T�3� Q /�(10�+571m{&)Y*+�h � 0�+-: ��h9��nD�3� �£� � 6�:G, � ) � q uS��nD�5�D� Q � pDpDp � ��� � � � � h � 0P"GY O�ev � v3s ����n�¡)Z ^ ��� �*� � � � �*�#�#� � � � ��� �*��� �P� � ��� h ��nD� � h

"#�����3b�� �D+5( �d$T+I(10�+[:;"�%\$T+57?/�=�¤5+571/P+-Y�&):9np6�:G,9@J+5( � �Z$T+I(10�+[:P"G%\$T+57?/�=S%�&)Y1%'68(1A�0�+-Y?$T+5( mI+5+-:n 6�:G,`&J(1YjY*/�71(*+-,�=f/�7�%gh � 0�+-: ��h���nD��� � �£� ��6�Yj$PM�Y*mz684G4�&):GEp(10�+ � �'%�&)Y1%'68(1A�0�+-Y�m�+9%'68l�+�n%9/�:�/�(*/�:G+�h �j:y(10G+�/�(10�+57�0G6�:G, O AB/�:GY1&),G+57C&):�Eg(10�+ � Q ��+-:W(*7C&)+-Y|&F: (10�+�����4G71+5V�� /�=<n 6�:G, (10�+ ��£��+-:;(*7C&J+-YI&):9(10�+ �#� � �;� � Y1" ;'� O m�+�@J/�mI+57�$T/�"G:G,'(10�+[71+~}*+-AB(1&J/�:'4�71/�$�68$�&)@F&J( M $;M�� � �#�*�#� � Q � �P� � �<�� �*��� �#� � h�HI/�% $�&):�&):�E|(10�+3( mI/ O mI+\AB/�:GA5@F"G,�+d(10G68( �ev ��vPs ����n�¡)ZP^-� � � �W����h9��nD�*� � � � h

���

Page 26: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

c +�71+-%'6871l (10�68( (10�+p71+-Y*(*7C&FAB(1&J/�:y(*/�$T/;/�@J+-6�:k7C6�:�E�+�&):k§�71/�4T/�Y1&J(1&J/�: Q-¨ &)Y\&F%94T/�71(16�:W(5h]�G/�76�:;M]&):W(*+5E�+57 �j� �#� �PO ,�+5VS:�+ n`o�q st q $PMgn¦� � ����� � � � Q8O n¦� � � � Q ��� � ��= /�7���� Q pDpDp � O 6�:G,n¦�<�~��� �Z= /�7:�j� � ��h�Hz@J+-687C@JM O ��h9��nD�<� ��� � O m<0G&)@)+|n�0G6�Yd/�:G@)M �9e#&J/�@)68(*+-,`+-,�E�+-Y-o�� � � � Q ¡ � ��� O��� Q pDpDp ��h � 0P"GY O �ev ��vPs ����n�¡)ZP^-�d� ���#�#���#�!� Q �*� � � � � ��h9��nD�*�#�#��� Q � O m<0�&)AC0y&FY3% "�AC0�@J+-Y1Y(10G6�:���h9��nD� � &J= �\&)Y[@)6871E�+�h

��N

Page 27: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

� ��������� �

� ��� ��� �� ��� ��� � � ��� ��� � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � ��� ���

�������� ������������������������� ��!"�#�$�%���%&�'( �) +*%,-�#���.���,/*%��01�%�����1*%,-*32#�4��� ��,/*%�4�#�5���% ��5687:9; �#� & &����#� (=< ��*?>@*(*3&A� �%�8,/2�������A*3�� 5BDC qIr st EGF�H 9JI3KMLN���#*32#�O&A*3 $*%,QP%� �#�����%&����R'%ST�% �2�0U�q 7 E 9 H pDpDp H�� I3SV *XW q W-7 � KZY[� ���%&�&V�����$*32#�5�%&�P%*%���A��01�)�\ ���� 01�]�� $,^2�&�&A'? ��.� ���A_�� !`>('`����*%>a��>���&��A�b']!��� �����A>�2#���*3� � r� C q r � q r st " F�H 9 $ >c'd�T�����d���%���� ; �eH���< ����f �� &A� ����� !gKNh[��� !��� �����A>�2#���*3�gSc���O�2����gS��� -!#�������i01���#� !O>('5�1���*%>���>��)&��A�R'$!��� �������>�2#��A*3�4jk*3�l���%���� ; �@H�� < nLq��Lq K

h[��m01�%�)�n�� �2�&A��*%,����� 5������������\�� $hT#��*%�� 0po"���*Gq%� !r�)�8 �� �����*3�Xs(Kto(Ku�b�O #*v�T 5�����*32#�O0U*3�#*%��*3���)���A�R'`��� �5�.���,/*%��01 ��w� &)&[�T�A�N!��� �����A>�2#���*3�� ��r� 3 �%��! �pr� x ST����!�2���� !y>('`�����q��{z*32� &�'��%���%&A'(|�� !l!��� ����i�A>�2#��A*3�� },~*%�-����&)���#�%K}�#*%�[>.*%�O!��� ����i�A>�2#��A*3�� �S3�#���#��*%�� 0�&A*G�����->.*32���!� ��� �.��� � ; B H ��r� < ����������01 �*%,@� h ; B < S%� �� 2#�i���#P[������,^2�������A*3�� e,^����,~�*30�0U*3��*%��*3�#�-���%��>@���� �%!��)&A'!#����� ����� !gK�h[#�����*(*%,e*%,����� �&A*G�����->.*32���!5�� �,^�%����&��A������ !5>('$ �� ����A*3�\s(K�9�S��T#������#�+��*%��Q��!�� ��*%,�#�T!���0U� �� ��*3����� !�2�����A*3�gS=�#� T -./ ;�7:9 � *%�.��������*%� S(�� }���c���*�!�2���� !gS=�%��!1 �� ����A*3�5s(Kt�(S=�T#�����[�#�-��% ��*%,�*%>���%�����)�#Pl�\&A*G�����4>.*32���!�,~*%�Q,^2��������*3�� ��T�A��!�*301�%��� q r �� +�� !�2���� !���*\�����Q*%,�*%>���%�)�����#P 2��i\�1&A*v�w���T>@*32���!O,~*%�T,/2�������A*3�� ��T�A�l!�*301�%��� q K

� *3�� ��!#���5�] 2#>�P%������`*%,4�#�k����������%&[*%��!����$P%�����an�T�����k� �%�iXq%��������8�� 5���.*3���c�$���n�#�!#*301�%�)� ; �� �������#Pm*%,V&A� ��P%�"6X*vq%�����%&A�����>.��� q[< �%��!y�%�d� !#P%�O,/�*30 � ��* � ������� �� �c� �������L� � �%��! � !��{�@���i �,~�*30 � �������#�%���&A'f*3���1��*c*%��!����������%K��T*�!#� +*%,����� �P%������������Uq%��������� Q*%,6n!��)0U� �� �A*3���%&�c'(�@����P%����!gK5�#*%��� �%�id&����#�1�%&A*3��P\�#�$�J��� �*%,����$c'c�.���P%���)!gS��#����$�� 4�%�]� !#P%�>.���R����� �`� �%�i`���%�A�U*%,��.*3���c� �*3�y�#�\&������%K?h[�� ��\����l�#�l*3��&�']q��A*3&������ !y� !#P%� ������1���%�`>.��.*%��� �=��)�%&�&A'$!������ ����� !k>('O*32#�T�%&AP%*%������01���� �i#� 01��K�L������%&�&g���) �P%������k�%�\6.zR!���0U� �� ��A*3���%& ; �07 V��

�3�

Page 28: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

�B�, ���� ����� � *%�GSa,/*%�T6�7 �(S@ �)0U��&A'5� ; ��� V�� ����� � K[���\���� V������������ Sa����,~���� ����� V��*5q��A*3&������ !\� !�P%� V*%,,^2�������A*3�\B�����+����,~���� ����� [��*1q��A*3&������ !l� !�P%� [*%,��#�Q��*%��� �@*3��!����#P��������5c'(�@����P%����!gK

��� �� ������������������! "�� #�

� ,��T�������Q='(�.���P%����!Q!�*c� ��#*%����*3�c��%����q(�A*3&)����� !4� !#P%� SJ���w��*%��� �@*3��!����#P-,^2�������A*3�4�� e0U*3��*%��*3�#�%K$ ����" �� ����A*3�do(K�9�S}�#�$0��%���]��!�� �\*%,-�#�O�%���%&A'� �� Q�) Q��*m�����%�� �,/*%��0 �\P3�Aq%� �">.*c*3&A� �%�],/2�������A*3���*O�501*3�#*%��*3�#��,/2�������A*3�k>('l������%�������#P1q��A*3&������ !f� !#P%� ����f*3�#��!���0U� �� ��A*3�\�����$��)0U�%KVh�*$�������%�A�q��A*3&������ !`� !�P%� ����`!���0U� �� ��*3�&%�,/*%�k9(')%*' 6}S��w�m2� ��l�#�,+.- �0/��21 � *%�.��������*%�*3�4��V�����y�) ��P%� �#�����%&)�A| ����A*3�l*%,��#�5+76 � 89/��:1�� *%�.��������*%�T!��) ��2� �� !l�)� � ����������Vo(K

;���,/*%��m!���_������#P��#�,+.- �0/��21 � *%�.��������*%� S-���kP%� �������%&��A|��f�#�k������0� �2� �� !8���y�#�m�%���%&A'� �� U*%,,^2�������A*3�� 1�T�A�y>��)�����'d!#*301�%���`�%��!`���%�#P%�%K ��*%�5�%�c'<%>=@? 6�A S-�w�m � 'y�����5��,^2�������A*3�8Br�� B - 1 - / - 1C�*�:1��D� B ��1 + � - 1 %V�A,��#������������#*lq��A*3&������ !�� !#P%� �����������!���0U� �� ��A*3�gS�� K �%K���,w,/*%�Q��q%���'E = q 4GF!H S"IJ= qzr FD4 S��%��!LK HNM = q 2���`�����OKQP M SDB ; E K"I < ' B ; E M I < K`�#*%���� ����1*%,����!������ � � ? 6�A S��w�� � 'l������B��� B - 1 - / - 1R�S�:1T�D� B ��1 + � - 1 + � S���,�,/*%�[��q%���'*%"= � S����Q,/2�������A*3�B��� �0U*3�#*%��*3�������k!���0U� �� ��A*3�*%K[���f�T����T,/*3&�&A*v�T [����!#� �����A>.�5+.- �0/��:1�� *%�.��������*%�� �>c'l�V�����f�%�='>.*c*3&�� �%��,/2�������A*3��*Gq%��� q r ���%�U>.�������%�� �,/*%��0U� !U���c��*Q�+0U*3�#*%��*3���-,/2�������A*3� ; �% ���-���*Gq%�->.� &A*v� < K

U*VXWZY\[^]R[G_`Yba �dc�e�f7g�fheji %"=k? 6�A�lnmGo f"pjqsr`t m9u c�r 3�4v? B`AeC qzr9stpEGF�H 9JI>uxw�y f9z�r�f y*{Cw p7c�|G|}c�~ wh� ��c�efhg�fheji E = q 4GF!H { r y fhg�fheji IJ= qIr FD4 l ~nf�|�f m�3 4 ? B`A ; E 9�I <iH7�7�7�vH 3 4 ? B`A ; ET� I <�� f {Cw�w�u�� r�f y&mGo fg { |2q�f w cvp B ; E 9�I <iH7�7�7�vH B ; E�� I < l"u r +.- �x/��7� c�e y f7eh�;�'k!#��_����A��A*3�gS�,/*%��� �%���%�=<? 6�A S.�#�4,^2�������A*3��3�4v? B`A��� V0U*3�#*%��*3�#�����m!���0U� �� �A*3� E %�I3K��#*%����q%���'%�=�? 6�A��%��!���q%���'��a�%�A� ; K HNMG< = q�� �V�A��K(P M S����$ �� '��������%��� !#P%�5�� Q� ; K HNMG<����7� ��� ����% �!���01� �� �A*3�l�A,��#��% �k��*(*%��!���������� T*%,}�A� T� ��!#�.*3���c� [����TK\�%��! M ; �%&�&e*%�#������*(*%��!��)������� T������#� �%0U�4,~*%�V>@*%�\� ��!#�.*3���c� < K������ � 4G���:�R� ��� ; B < !#� ��*%���Q�#�4�(2�0�>@���-*%,�q��A*3&������ ! ; K HNM < z � !#P%� V*%, B����% �\!���0U� �� ��*3�gK}�#*%��01�%&�&�'%S

� 4G���}��� ��� ; B < 7 W E ;G� Hv��< => �¡G¢¤£ ; B < C ; s(K�9 <¥ E = q 4GF!H H I&= q r FD4 K ��K � 7 E K"I H�� 7 E M I}I(W �

h[(2� �S % 4G���:�R� ��� � 4G���}��� ��� ; B < �) ��#�4�(2�04>.���-*%,�q��A*3&������ !l� !#P%� T*%,�B�K

��¦

Page 29: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

�"V���������� c�e,fhg�fheji 9�' % �7�� ' 6Zl pjq r�t m9u c�r B C q r st EGF�H 9JI H { r y]9�')K P M ' � H{���� |2i u r � mGo f +.- �x/��:1�� c � f7e {�m c�e 3�4 y c�f w r`c m�u r`t evf {Cw f mGo f�r�q�� � fhe cNp�g u c�| {�m f y ; K HNMG<�� f y � f w u ry�u �Ofhr wju c�r ��l u �Gf��

�� ���:�R� ��� ; 3�4.? B`A < '��� ���}�R� ��� ; B <�����C_!_�� � $ Q�)�f���U���*(*%,�*%,���� 0101�\s(S��#�1��0U�.*%���%�c��*%>� ����q�����A*3���) ������+�#�1 ������� 0U� �c�4*%,�#�k&�� 0101���� U��*3�������i�#� !`�T���d*3��&A'?�R��*"!���01� �� �A*3�� S %��%��!���Kn� P3�#*%������Pm� !�P%� ����y�%&�&[*%�#���!���01� �� �A*3�� S-�w�����%�Xq��A��� �#��6.zR!���0U� �� ��A*3���%&[������N='(�.���P%����!8�% l01�%�='N!��� ��*3���#� ����� !N�R��*�z!���01� �� �A*3���%&��������"P%���)!� �K�!w�%��y*%,��#� ��O�������"P%�i��!� �������� � �=� U���b�w*�zR!��)0U� �� �A*3���%&w>.*(*3&A� �%�,^2�������A*3�gS=*%>���%���#� !�,~�*30DB5>c'U_�������PQ�%&�&���*(*%��!���������� �*%�#�������%� %��%��!"��K he*����*Gq%���#�T&�� 0101��S�A�}�� �� �#*32�P3U��*Q #*v�`����� �A�}#*3&�!� �,~*%� �%&�&��b�w*�zR!���0U� �� ��*3���%&�,/2�������A*3�� �K��b�}�V��&�&(!#� 0U*3�� ����i�����-������#�n+.- �0/��21#� *%�.��������*%��3�4#!#*(� ��#*%���������� �% � �#�w�(2�0�>.���e*%,#q��A*3&������ ! ; K HNMG< z � !#P%� }����!���0U� �� �A*3�$������%�c'1*%,g�#��������UP%�i��!� �S(�%��!$�� �����V!#*(� ��#*%�w�)������ �% ��V�#�V��*%��%&.�(2�0�>@���w*%,�q��A*3&������ ! ; K HNM < z � !#P%� ���l!��)0U� �� �A*3�%��K

�V*G� �w�����*Gq%�4�#�4&A� 010���,~*%�V�R��*�zR!���0U� �� ��A*3���%&.,^2�������A*3�� K}LN�A��*32#�T&A*3 [*%,�P%� �������%&��A�b'%S�&A���%�7M9T�%��!&��7r�(K hT#� �U�#��+.- �0/��21#� *%�.��������*%�� �*%�� wqJ�%&)2#� ��%&A*3��P4�#��#*%���A|�*3�c��%&�!��)0U� �� �A*3��S=�%��!�#��P%*3�%&.�� ���*����*Gq%���������#�+�(2�0�>@����*%,�q��A*3&������ !5q%���������%& ; K HNMG< z � !#P%� [!�*c� ��#*%�-��������� �% ��%K}h[#��������2���+ #*G�V -q%���������%& ; K HNM < z � !#P%� ��%��!\�%&)&g#*%���A|�*3�c��%&g� !#P%� T>@���b�w��� �k�#� �A�[� ��!#�.*3���=� K

' ' ' '

' ' ' '( ( ( ( (

) ) ) ) )

) ) ) ) )* + * +, ,- . /0 1 /2 34 56 67 �}����H�� 7 �}��� � � 7 �}���98.� 7 �}���;:��=<#<>< 7 �}���9?��

* + * +, ,- . /0 1 /2 34 56 67 � �N��H�� 7 � �N� � � 7 � �N�98.� 7 � �N�;:��@<#<>< 7 � �N�9?��h[��Q��2#��� �c�[��&��%��0 �%01*32��=� [��*� � '����#P������[,/*%�T�%�='l�%A � |����*�z *3�#��01�������{�

BCD B ; K H 9 < B ; K H � <FEGEGE B ; K H � <

B ; M�H 9 < B ; M�H � < EGEGE B ; MJH � <H IJ H

�*%���)�#PU�#�+�*v�T [*%,��#�401�����i�{�O!�*c� [��*%�[�������� �% ��+���4�c2�04>.���-*%,}2��� �*%����� !l��*3&�2�01�� K�e���LK >@�V�%�=' � z >('czb�Q|����*�z *3���V01�������A�@S(&A���NMXH ; �� ��.� ����Aq%� &�'%SM � < !#� �#*%���V�#�T�(2�0�>@����*%,g*3�#�

���O�#�+_��� �� ; �� ��.� ����Aq%� &A'%Sa �� ��*3��! < �*v� *%,OK�S��%��!\&����PK=Q@>@���#��01�������{�5�� 2�&A��)�#P�,/�*30 *%�����#P�#���*G�V �*%,RK�K�� ,NMXH�'SM � S.�#� �TK Q ��% ��#*l2��� �*%����� !f��*3&�2�01�� ��%��!k���U����U!#*3�#�%K"U��#�����T�� ��%SK Q ��% [���#�%���&A' ; MXHWVTM � < 2��� �*%���� !\��*3&�2�01�� �K�;�2#�T*32#�T*%,OM H���*3&�2�01�� [*%,WKM�������� q%�O94�)�l�#�

�YX

Page 30: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

_��� ���*v�QS#����01*3 ��RM � ���%�5>@�� �*%���� !gS# �* K #*32�&�!���Gq%�Q����&�� �% �� ; M H V M � < 2��� *%���� !$��*3&)2�01�� ��% ��� &�& K h[��) w���*Gq%� T�#�4&A� 010���K

� _ �R_����;� ��� ��� p B u^w � c�r`c m c�r�f u r y�u � f7r w�u c�r w��� ? 6�A H mGo f7r 3�4v? B`A�u^w � c�r`c m c�r�f u r y�u �Ofhr �w�u c�r w���� E %�I �

���C_!_�� � ;�']���5�����q(��*32� �&�� 0101��S ������&�'(����Pk�#�O �*%������Pf*%�.��������*%� 3�4V!#*c� U��*%���������� �% ��O�#��(2�04>.���[*%,�q��A*3&������ ! ; K HNM < z � !#P%� +�)�\!���0U� �� �A*3� ��,~*%���%&�&¤K�P M ����? 6�A��%��!\�%&�& �$�)���4K��T� �����%S@�A�!#*(� [�#*%�T�)������ �% ��+�#�+��*%��%&��(2�04>.���-*%,�q(��*3&������ !l� !#P%� V���l!���0U� �� �A*3�� ��4K

��� � ��� � ������ ���� � �"!�#\���. �

LX�A����� 0101��9%$\����*32#�+!��� �@*3 ��%& Sa���U������� �%!#'\��*\ ������1�%��!m���*Gq%�������+�����%���%&A'( ��� T*%,w�#��%&AP%*%������01���\ ���#� 01� ; ,/*%�5�%�c'`6 < ��� !�2���� $��*?�A� 5�%���%&A'� �� �,~*%�5�#�m ��.� �����%&T���% ��m6 7 9�K��e���& !#� �#*%���$*3�#���A�����������*3��*%,��#���%&AP%*%�i�A��01���U ���#� 01��Saj">.�1�%�c'�!��� ����i�A>�2#��A*3�f*3���a�%�A�� ; K HNMG< =q A q �2���k�����K,P M S@�%��!(' r) >.�4�#����*%��� ��.*3��!��)�#P1!��� ����i�A>�2#��A*3�O����!�2���� !l*3�f� !#P%� �*%,}�#���������='(�.���P%����!gK1hT#��!���01� �� �A*3�m�� !�2�����A*3��&A� 010��\2#���.���+>.*32���!� Q��* ; B < �%��!]&A*v�w����>.*32���!� + �-,.����, ; B H ' r) < >c'O�#�Q��*%���� ��.*3��!����#P/.(2��%�c��A��A� �,/*%�[6f7�9�K

�"V�������� a10vU>[9�&V Y32�[G_`Y54 V�687:9�]C[^_�Y ��_���;�_!_<�GV���Y1=>7¤Y39�]R[G_�Y:2@?BA f m�B C qzr�st EGF�H 9JI �C o f7r mGo fhe.f fED uxwhm pjqsr`t m9u c�r w�B � � F � G C q st EGF�H 9JI�l phc�e � =k? 6�A�l E = EGF�H 9JI � F!H { r yTI(= EGF�H 9JI r F � lw c mGo {�m�mGo fp7c�|^|�c�~ u r ��o c�| yCwIH�{ |G|�f�D � f�t m {�m9u c�r w � fh|�c�~ { e.f m {@J fhr q r u p7c�e �T|:i�c�g�fhe �<= ? 6�A�l E =EGF�H 9JI � F!H { r yTI�= EGF�H 9JI r F �LK �M � ��* ; B < 'n�J6 EON � � F � G ; �E* ; B � � F � G <�< �P � + �Q,@�a�<, ; B H ' r) <�RSN � � F � G ; + �-,.����, ; B � � F � G H j <�< �

���C_!_�� � �#*%�$��7u9 H7�7�7�GH 6UTr9�S@�w��!#��_��#��B � 7 3 � F!H EGEGE 3¤H�? B`A��%��!k&A����BXH-7 B�K ;w',��� 0101�f9%$#S���4�� q%�4�����VB rWV H-�) [0U*3�#*%��*3�#�%K��b�[,/*3&�&A*v�T ������

� * ; B < ' !��� �� ; B H B rWV H < ' rX�ZY H !��� �� ; B � H B � V H <�� ; s(Kt� <

�V���(��S�,/*%� ��7 9 H7�7�7�GH 6}S E = EGF�H 9JI � F!H �%��!�I�= EGF�H 9JI r F � S�!#��_��#���#�1,^2�������A*3�?B � � F � G C q stEGF�H 9JI3Sg>('kB � � F � G ;G� < 7 B � ; E � I < S.,/*%� � = q KThT#�*32#P3#*32��[�#�����*(*%,bS\[ F � G ���,/���� V��*5 2�0101���#P

o F

Page 31: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

*Gq%���+�%&�& ; E H I <�� ��)� q � F!H A q r F � Sa�%��! N F � G ����,~���� V��*������.� �������A*3�f*Gq%���+2����A,/*%��01&�'$!��� �����A>�2#��� !; E H I < = q � F!H A q r F � K L��4��&)�%��0 �����

!��� � ; B � H B � V H < ' � E�N F � G ; �E* ; B � � F � G <�<�� ; s(Kto <

h[��) 4���#�L.(2��%&����R'��� ����*vq%� � ; >.� &A*v� < >c'�*%>a ����q����#Pk������B � V H �� �*%>���%����� !],/�*30 B � >('] �*%������#P#S ��������i����� &A'%S.�#�4� &A� 01� �=� ����\� �%�i�B � � F � G K ; h[#��,/�%����*%��*%,��$�� T!�2#�Q��*5�#����� &�����A*3�� ��A�l>.���R����� ��#�4!��� ���%�����+*%,��Uq%� ����*%����*��A� [ �*%����� !l,~*%�i0 �%��!\�A� T!��� ���%�����+��*$0U*3�#*%��*3�#�%K < L��4�� q%�%S

� r E !��� �� ; B � H B � V H < 7 XF � G

W E � = q CcB �3; E � I < �7rB � V H ; E � I < I(W7 X

F � GW E � = q CcB � � F � G ;G� < �7XB � V Hv� F � G ;G� < I(W

7 XF � G

W E � = q CcB � � F � G ;G� < �7 3 � ? B � � F � G A ;G� < I(W' X

F � G� � E ��* ; B � � F � G <

7 � � r ELN F � G ; �E* ; B � � F � G <�<iH�T#�����l�#�\���#�L.(2��%&��A�b'"�� ��2� ����_�� !d�% 1,/*3&�&A*G�V �K � *3�� ��!����1��q%� ����*%��� = EGF�H 9JI ? S��%��!`&A��� 3 ; � <!#� �#*%�����A� � �*%���� !mq%���� ��*3�gKTh[#� � 3 ; � < 7 F�� 9 ?7F � Sa�V#�����O!#� ��*%��� V�����(2�04>.���V*%, |����*3 �����aKh[(2� �Sa,~*%�� �*30U��� RrF S@�#��q%� ����*%� �\��% ��O9 z � �c�����A� ��T�A�����\�A� ���z �����_��k�%��!�� F z � �c�����A� ����m�A� ; � V�� < zR 2��U�.KVh[������,~*%���%S��#���c2�04>.���T*%,w&A*(�������*3�� T*3�f�T��)���\�%��!�3 ; � < !��� ��P%������� [���#�%���&A'���%K U��?�#�l*%�#���1��%��!gS ��*3�� ��!������%�y����>��A�������']�@����,~� ���U01����i����#P�*%,T������9 z � �=������� 1���?�#������_����%��!��#��� F z � �=������� 4�����#�$ 2��U�.K�h�*k01���%����0U*3�#*%��*3���1*3�#��0�2� ��4�%&������4����&A� �% �Q*3�#�� �c���'l���O� �%��f01�����#� !k���%�A���#�(2� �S���* ; � <�R ��� � K

� *30�>��������#P ! .aK ; s(Kt� < �%��! ; s(Kto < S��#�Q_��� ���������-*%,��#�4&�� 0101��,~*3&)&A*G�T C

�E* ; B < ' rX�ZY H !��� � ; B � H B � V H < 'n� E rX�ZY H N F � G ; ��* ; B � � F � G <�< 7r�J6 EON � � F � G ; �E* ; B � � F � G <�<�����\*%��!����V��*5���*vq%���#�� �� ��*3��!f�������S@�w��2� ����#��!#��_a���A��A*3�l*%, �%&�P%*%���A��0 & KT��*%���%�c'l��q%� �c�

�1Sa&A����� ; � < 7�9Q�A,�� �*3&�!� -�%��!�� ; � < 7 F *%�#����T�) ��%K

+ �-,.����, ; B H ' r) <

o�9

Page 32: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

7 96 E � r F!H

rX� Y H XF�� G�� �*%> �}�R� ����� ) ? B ; E K"I <�� B ; E M I < A ; s(K $ <

7 96 E � r F!H

rX� Y H XF�� G X�:�R� ��� j ; K HNMG< E ��? B ; E K�I <�� B ; E M I < A ; s(Kts <

7 96 E � r F!H

rX� Y H X�}�R� ��� j ; K HNMG< E XF ��G

��? B ; E K�I <�� B ; E M I < A ; s(K�� <

7 96 E � r F!H

rX� Y H X�}�R� ��� j ; K HNMG< E � � ���}��� ��� ; B < ; s(K � <

� ���#P �e� 0101�l9%$#Sa�w�Q��Gq%�

� � ���:�R� ��� ; B < R � � ���:�R� ��� ; 3¤HR? B`A < R EGEGE R � � ���}�R� ��� ; 3 � F!H EGEGE 3\H ? B`A < 7 � � ���:�R� ��� ; B � <��=�T�)��!����#P5 ������� ; s(K $ < z ; s(K � < �T�A��B � �)�f�a&��%���U*%,�B?�%��!��� ���%&)&����#P5�#�1!#��_����A��A*3�f*%,�B � � F � G Sg���P%���

+ �-,.����, ; B H ' r) < R 96 E � r F!H

rX�ZY H X�:�R� ��� j ; K HNMG< E � � ���:�R� ��� ; B � <7 9

6 E � r F!HrX�ZY H XF � G � ��*%> �:�R� ���� ) ? B � ; E K"I <�� B � ; E M I < A

7 N � � F � G ; + �-,.����, ; B � � F � G H j <�<iH�%��!l���Q �� ��*3��!\�a����-*%,��#�Q&A� 0101��,/*3&�&A*v�T �K

� � � �! ��� ��������� #�!��� �

���n���) $ �� �����*3�8������*304>��)�#�,�e� 0101�N9��]�V�A�n���k�� 2�&A� �,/*%�O�#�����% ��f6 7p9f���*Gq���!#� !8��� �� ����A*3� $#S}�%��!]!������Aq%��h[���*%�� 0 o ; ����$ � ����A*3� $f,~*%���#�5!#��_����A���*3�� �*%,[!��� ����i�A>�2#��A*3�� �j � �%��!j 8 < K� *30�>������)�#PT�e� 0101�\9��1�%��! � ��*%�@*3 ��A��A*3��9%9 ; ������&)�A� !O*3��&A'$��* u 7 EGF�H 9JI < S@�w���� q%�

+ �-,.����, ; B H ' r)�� <�< R N � � F � G ; + �-,.����, ; B � � F � G H j � <�< ? ;w' � �������*%,��#�Q&�� 0101�CAR N � � F � G ; �E* ; B � � F � G < ��� ; &�*%P � <�< ? ;w'5�#�Q���*%�.*3 �A��A*3�sAR ��� � 7 ���r�� �"!$#&%�?�� 7(' ; ��� � 7 �r !$#&%�? < ? ;w' � �����9�*%,��#�Q&�� 0101�CA

�T��)��O� ����>�&)�� #� ��#�4_��� ���������T*%,��#�4�#��*%�� 0lK

o%�

Page 33: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

� *30�>������)�#PT�e� 0101�\9��1�%��! � ��*%�@*3 ��A��A*3��9 o(S����4�� q%�

+ �Q,@�a�<, ; B H ' r) x <�< R N � � F � G ; + �-,.����, ; B � � F � G H j 8 <�< ? ;�' � �����V��*%,��#�Q&A� 010��CAR N � � F � G ; ��* ; B � � F � G < � ��� < ? ;�'O�#�Q���*%�.*3 ����A*3�sAR ? N � � F � G ; ��* ; B � � F � G <�< A � ��� ? �% N ;�� � <�R ? N ;�� < A � AR ; ��* ; B < ���J6 < � ���47 ' ; ��* ; B < � �v6 � < ? ;�' � �����49+*%,��#�Q&A� 010��CA

�T��)��O� ����>�&)�� #� ��#�� �� ��*3��!l�������-*%,����+�#��*%�� 0lK

o%o

Page 34: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

� ��������� �

��������� � ��� ������� ������� � �"!#�%$ & �"� �%$�')(

* '+� �,���

L.-0/#*21�34- !�2657-984:;-=<>3*%>a&?- 0 *%,@8A-CBA84DE/#PGFH3>6DI8A3JFH3'czK3JFL/#PL-O,/26/>5784DA*M/>BN8�*O84:>-=B4D�0P<�&I-Q3R<63*%>�&?- 0*%,S8A-CBA84DE/#P�>@*(*3&?-CFL/�zK3TFL/#PL-$,^2>/>5784D�*M/>B�SU1V:>DI5T:G1�FLBN5�*M/>B4D�!>-Q34- !�DE/G84:;-W<>3J-C57- !>DI/#PX5J:>FH<>8A-Q3GK�hS:>DIB34- !�265784DA*M/Y1�*L3�ZB[/#*L8�*M/�&A'�,~*L3�,/26/>5784DA*M/>B\1@D?84:4!#*30]FLDI/_^a`aSv>�2>8e0U*L34-wPL-C/;-Q3JF%&�&A'b1V:>-C/c84:;-w!�*30FLDI/DIBdFL/='0<6FH3484DIF%&�&�'$*L3�!>-Q34- ! BA-Q853�KVhS:;-_34- !�2>5784D�*M/eDIBd5J:6FH3JFL578A-Q3JDA|Q- !�>('\hS:;-�*L34- 0 $#Sf1V:>DI5T:eB484FH8A-CB84:>FH8SFP57-Q3484FLDE/W8R'g<h-+*%,�0U*M/#*L8�*M/>DE5QD?8R'i8A-CBA8-,/*L3-,/2>/65784DA*M/>B�*%,j84:>-+,~*L3�0 BfC 3Gkl EGF�H 9JIRF%&IB*R1�*L3�ZB1a- &�&},/*L3Q,/26/>5784DA*M/>B+*%,�84:;-�,~*L3�0 BnCd3mklon-K �@-Q34-pn�DIBqFl_6/>D?8A-P8�*L84F%&)&A'�*L3�!;-Q34- !OB4-Q84*%,�B4DA|Q-Pr�S1V:>DE5J:X1s-5QFL/ 3J-�PMFH3�!.FLBc84:;-PDI/t8A-�PL-Q3JBYDI/X84:;-PDI/t8A-Q3qHF%&�? F�H r VX9jA K���2;3484:;-Q3i0U*L34-%Sg,/*L3YB4D�0P<�&EDI5QD?8R'%S1a-qFLB4B2�0-c84:>FH8�r47r�Lu-,/*L3VB�*30P-_DI/v8A-�PL-Q3dw3K $ &�&h34-�,x-Q34-C/>57-CBV8�*Gyz- !#PL-CB4{FH3J-Y34-�,x-Q34-C/>57-CB�8�*- !�PL-CB*%,a84:;-P<6FH3484DIF%&�*L3i!;-Q3+PL3JFH<6:gS\1@:#*MBA-UqL-Q3484DI57-CBqFH34-]BA8A3JDE/#PMBbDI/ 84:;-1!#*30FLDE/ 3�FL/�!�!>D?34-C578A- ! - !�PL-CB5�*L3434-CB4<@*M/�!W8�*1*L3�!;-Q34- !05�*30P<6FH3JF�>�&I-c<6FLD?3JB ; D K|-%K ;G� Hv��< DIBSFL/9- !�PL-qD{� �e} ��< K

h�*0-C/>B�2;34-P84:>FH8RF\,^2>/>5784DA*M/�,~FH34,x3*30 0U*M/#*L8�*M/;-i5QFL/]>f-P34-CF%!>D)&A'm!>-Q8A-C578A- !">('�*32;3q8A-CB48�Sj1a-&A*21s-Q3�>.*32>/�!�+ �-,.����, ; B H ' < DE/Y8A-Q3�0B�*%,a��* ; B < K !�.c2>D�q�F%&?-C/t8&A'%S�1s-�FH34--&A*(*%�gDE/#P[,/*L3UFVP%*(*(!�2;<><f-Q3>.*32>/�!+*M/U��* ; B < DI/Y8A-Q3i0B�*%,<+ �-,.����, ; B H ' < K�L.-�34- !�2>57-�84:;-a84FLB��Q*%,�*%>>84FLDI/>DI/�PVFL/�2;<><f-Q3�>.*32>/�!,/*L3},/2>/65784DA*M/>B�1VD?84:PFL/PFH3>�D?8A3JFH3'Y3TFL/#PL-�8�*c84:>FH8 *%,a*%>>84FLDI/>DI/�PdB265J:FL/U2;<6<h-Q3�>.*32>/�!�,/*L3},/2>/65784DA*M/>B1VD?84:O>�DI/>FH3'p3JFL/#PL-%K

hS:>-kPL-C/;-Q3JF%&bD�!>-CF�*%,c84:;-X34- !�2>5784D�*M/�DIB]8�*�DE/>5734- 0P-C/t84F%&�&A'�8A3JFL/>B,~*L3�0�F",/2>/65784DA*M/8B�DI/v8�*�F0U*M/#*L8�*M/>-5,^2>/>5784D�*M/gSU1V:>D�&?-]-C/>B2;3JDE/#P=84:>FH8�,/*L3_-CFL5T:�34-Q<6FLD?3J- !�qZDA*3&IFH8A- !�- !#PL-%S�84:;-5qHF%&�2;-5*%,S84:;-,^2>/>5784DA*M/iDIBa5J:>FL/#PL- !9FH8�*M/�&�']F4,x-Q1�<.*MDI/v84B K�hV:>DIBs8A3JFL/>B�,/*L3�0FH84DA*M/iF%&�&A*21VB�2>Ba8�*�_6/�!]F�0U*M/�*L8�*M/;-,^2>/>5784DA*M/�5�&A*MBA-98�*]B�FL/�!�8�*�2><><f-Q3�>.*32>/�!y��* ; B < >('G84:;-\!6DIBA84FL/>57-O,x3*30 B�8�*.84:>FH8U,/26/>5784DA*M/gK

o $

Page 35: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

hS:;-N8A3JFL/6B�,~*L3i0FH84DA*M/ <>3*�!�2>57-CBd84:;-U,/*3&�&A*21VDI/#Pi5J:>FLDE/�*%,w,^2>/>5784DA*M/6B�C�B�kl BXHbkl B � kl B 8 H 1@:;-Q34-B 8YDIBV0U*M/#*L8�*M/;-%K�hS:;-�!>DIBA84FL/>57-�>f-Q8 1a-Q-C/eFL/c'=8 1�*W5�*M/>BA-C5�2;84DAqL-�,^2>/>5784DA*M/6BSDI/=84:>-R5T:>FLDI/0DEBS-L.(2>F%&8�*G84:>-k!>DIBA84FL/657-98�*"0U*M/#*L8�*M/>-\*%,YB�*30P-0F%2 � D�&EDIFH3'�,^2>/>5784DA*M/ 1VD?84:�FGB�0F%&�&?-Q3P3JFL/�PL-%KNhS:(2>BN1a-*%>>84FLDI/�FL/d2;<><f-Q3�>@*326/�!],/*L31�E* ; B < DI/G8A-Q3i0B�*%,S84:;-l!>DIBA84FL/657-p8�*�0U*M/#*L8�*M/>-5*%,dB0F%&�&I-Q3�zK3JFL/#PL-,^2>/>5784DA*M/>B K��z/WF%!�!>D?84DA*M/�Sv- !#PL-CB�qZDA*3&IFH8A- !5>c']84:;-dF%2 � D�&EDIFH3'�,/26/>5784DA*M/>BaFH34-bF%&IB�*�qgDA*3&EFH8A- !$>('$B�SZFL/�!+ �-,.����, ; B H ' < 5QFL/�>f--&A* 1a-Q3 >.*32>/�!>- !4>('_84:>-�5�*L3J34-CBA<.*M/�!>DI/�P@<>3�*%>6F�>6D�&IDI8R'+,/*L3�84:;-SB0F%&�&I-Q3�zK3JFL/#PL-F%2 � D�&IDIFH3�'+,/2>/65784DA*M/>B�K��UDI/>F%&�&A'%SH1a--*%>>84FLDI/FL/U2><><f-Q3�>.*32>/�!�*M/1� * ; B < DI/R8A-Q3�0B}*%, + �-,.����, ; B H ' < S2>B4DE/#PRFL/0FL/>F%&A*%P%*32>BT>@*326/�!5,~*L3->6DE/>FH3'czK3JFL/#PL-�,/26/>5784DA*M/>B�FL/�!W84:>-c8 1�*�>.*32>/�!>B�!;-CBJ573JDA>f- !pF�>.*vqL-%K�z/��g-C5784DA*M/ �(K�9O1s-�!;-CBJ573JDA>f-XFL/�!�FL/>F%&A'(|Q-�*L<f-Q3JFH8�*L3JB���� ������S�� ¢��d¢�SbFL/�� � £ � �����IFH8A-Q3

2>BA-��e8����;-�_6/;-�,/26/>5784D��M/>B�BXH H B � S\FL/���B 8��>-CB4573JDA>f-��0F�>��vqL-%K�� / �g-C5784D��M/ �(Kt�p1s-N<>3!�GqL-R84:;-N3JFL/#PL-34-���265784D��M/��I- 010Fp1V:>DI5T:f2;<6<h-Q3V>��32>/��>B��E* ; B < FL/"�����21s-Q3+>��32>/"�>B + �-,.����, ; B H ' < >$#=84:;-N5%�L3�z34-CBA<��M/��6DI/#P .(2>FL/t84D?84D?-CB-,&�L3SB0F'�(�?-Q3�3JFL/#PL-+,^2>/>5784D��M/6B�K�L.-q5%�M/>5)��2��>-c84:>DIB�5J:6FH<>8A-Q3[>$#��g-C5784D*�M/ �(Kto1V:;-Q3J-c1s-Y<63+�GqL-4hV:;-)�L34- 0 $#K

,5�� �������! "�� #�\�.- /10123-547698;:1<=:�6O ����?>[email protected]=G$#H�;-�_�/>DI/#PI�L<f-Q3JFH8��L3JB84:6FH81VD*�*�JGf-�K>BA-)LMK��NL&�L3=�'G>84FLDI/>DE/POQL&K>/65784D��M/>B=RXH)S!R � S�FL/��TR 834-��IFH8A-��=8��UR�VU*VXWZY\[^]R[G_`YXW C o f c � fhe {�m c�e w��Y�� ���Y�dlA�¢��d¢Zl�{ r yQZ�£\[P��� f { t o � {�� { pjqsr`t m9u c�r R^]�3�kl? _`SAr%VXajA�m c { e.fh| {�m f y p�qsr`t m9u c�r<~ uGmGo&mGo f wh{ �Of y c � {�u r { r y mGo f wh{ � f>c�e w � { |^|0fhe�e { r � f�� r�s{ e m9u t7qs| { e lb� ¢��d¢ ?cR`Anu^w5w c �Of { e � u9m e { e�i@� c�r`c m c�r�f�pjqsr`t m9u c�r {�m�y�uxwhm { r`tjf�d *fegRih pjevc � mGo fnp�qsr`t �m9u c�r R � C o f c � fhe {�m c�e w=���i�����Q{ r y�Z`£\[P���Q{ evf y f9z�r�f y � fh|�c�~kj u r mGo f w f y f�z�r u9m9u c�r w�l { r y7m{ e.fSfh|0f �Ofhr mGw cNp ? _`SAr�V;ajA�{ r yfl�PTm �

�Y�� �����Z?cRnS+l5S!m�Aoe � hqprsssst ssssul u p RCe � h"';lm u p RCe � h R mRCe � h c mGo f7e�~ u^w f

Z�£v[P���¤?cRnS+l5S!m�Aoe � hqprsssst ssssu� ¢��d¢ ?w�Y�� �����Z?cRnS+l5S!m�A�A

u p �¢��d¢ ?w���i�����Z?cRnS+l5S!m.A�Aoe � h �pX���i�����Z?cRnS+l5S!m.Aoe � hRCe � h c mGo fhej~ uxw f

x'y

Page 36: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

��� �����H�L<f-Q3JFH8��L3_BJD��P<"��#�yABE.\K6FLB4:;-CB4{084:;-P3JFL/POL-U�'L R�8��k? l"S!m�A V�� �L84DI57-p84:>FH8qD�L�FL/.-��POL-iDIB/P�L8��ZD�� �IFH8A-�� G\#�R��>D?8SDIB�/P�L8��gD�� �EFH8A-���G\# �Y�� ���Y�Z?cRnS+l"S!m�A V� �;��[9� ��W  �¡G¢¤£"e ���i����� ?cRnS+l5S!m�A&h� b T¡9¢d£5egRih�l u �Gf�� �Y�� ���Y� y cRf w r�c m"u r m evc y qDtjf { rDi�r�f7~ g u c �| {�m f y f y � f w �

Z�£v[����F�L<h-Q3TFH8��L3>3JB48�yAB�.\K>FLBJ:;-CB4{�84:;-�3JFL/POL-�8��T? l5S!m�A��284:>-C/YF'�?8A-Q3JB[84:;-�34-CB+K��I84DI/PO�B��F'�*�I-Q3� K3JFL/POL-LMK>/>5784D��M/=FH8@B����P-Y<��MDI/t84B�8��9�'G684FLDI/984:;-q5)�*�MBA-CBA8��3�M/��L8��M/;-�LMK>/>5784D��M/��>FL/���6/>F'�(��#�y�K>/6BE.\K6FLB4:;-CB4{84:;-fLMK>/>5784D��M/ FH8�K>/>F'�?8A-Q3J-��e<��MDI/t84Bd8��984:;-f�L3JD�OMDI/6F'��HF'�*K;-CB)V��V:>DIBA�?-CF'�>Bd8��W84:;-3L&� �*��� 1@DI/POpBJD��P<"�?-5)�IFLD�� ]� �;��[9� �����>DEBA8�egRnS Z`£\[P���Z?cRnS+l5S!m.A&h p d *3e �Y�� ���Y�Z?cRnS+l"S!m�A&h ����C_!_�� � ; #��;-��/>D?84D��M/>BJ�'L�84:;-1Z�£v[����XFL/�� � ¢��d¢ �L<f-Q3JFH8��L3JB)]

�>DIBA8�egRnS Z�£v[����¤?cRnS+l5S!m�A&h p �6DIBA8�eg� ¢��d¢ ?w�Y�� ����� ?cRnS+l5S!m�A�A S �Y�� ���Y� ?cRnS+l"S!m�A&hp d *3e �Y�� �����Z?cRnS+l5S!m�A&h �

�d-�6/;-c84:>-Su r m f7e�g { |¤cNp { g u c�| {�m f y f y � f e � S � h ~ u9mGo e.f w � f.t mnm c�pjqsr`t m9u c�r R08��9Gh-b84:;-YDE/v8A-Q3��HF'�?cRCe � h S!RCe � h�A�e~B4DE/>57-S84:;-S-���OL-VDIB��ZD�� �IFH8A-��9G\#3R��$RCe � h � RCe � h�h V��.-dB4F�#P84:>FH8�8 1J�_DI/t8A-Q3��HF'�IB t7evc w�w�D*L84:;-)#NDI/t8A-Q3JBA-C578�DI/��=�L34-�84:>FL/3�M/;-V<n�MDE/v8)V�� /t8+K>D?84D��L-���#��MD�L61a-V5%�M/>BJD*�;-Q3 RCe � h�VURCe � h�FLB�F��P-CFLB+K;34- �'L:P�21��ZD�� �IFH8A-��WFL/i-��POL-=e � S � hsDIB��g84:;-C/i1s-c5QFL/9B4FY#]84:>FH8 Z�£v[����¤?cRnS+l5S!m�A\<6FH3484DIF'�*�*#R3J-Q<6FLD?3JB��gD*� �IFH8A-��-��POL-CB �'L Ri1@:P�MBA-SDI/t8A-Q3��HF'�IB�573+�MB4B ? l"S!m�A61@D?84:P� K;8�1J�L3JBA-C/>DE/PO��L84:;-Q3 �ZD�� �IFH8A-��]-��POL-CB)V��S:;- L&� �*���21VDI/PO�?-!�"�]FfL �L3#�]F'�ID%$Q-CB�D��P<��L3484FL/t8�<>3+�L<f-Q3484DI-CBN�'LCZ�£v[�����V�"V���������& C o f�pjq r�t m9u c�r Z�£v[����Z?cRnS+l"S!m�A�o {�w mGo f�p7c�|G|}c�~ u r �$� evc � f7e m9u f w phc�e { |G| R�] 3Okl ? _`SAr VUajA{ r y*{ |^| l5S!m =�? _`SAr�V;ajA"w qDt o>mGo {�m�l�PTm��M �  �¡9¢d£5e Z`£\[P���Z?cRnS+l5S!m.A&h  �¡9¢d£5egRih�lOu �9f � Z�£v[���� y c�f w r`c mSu r m eNc y q�tjf { rDi<r�f7~ g u c�| {�m f y

f y � f w �P � Z�£\[P���Z?cRnS+l"S!m�A"o {Cw r�cOg u c�| {�m f y f y � f w ~ o c w f u r m fhejg { | w t eNc w�wT? l5S!m.A �' � C o f u r m fhejg { |�cNp { g u c�| {�m f y f y�� f�~ uGmGo evf w � f�t m¤m c Z�£v[P���\?cRnS+l5S!m�Adu^w t�c�r m {�u r�f y�u r mGo f u r m fhejg { |

cvp mGo u^w f y � f�~ uGmGo e.f w � f.t m"m c R �

x �

Page 37: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

���C_!_�� � �P�L3�G>34-��ZD?8o#����>-�6/;-�� p.� ¢��d¢�?w���i����� ?cRnS+l5S!m�A�A�FL/"��� p Z�£\[P���Z?cRnS+l"S!m�A VT� -Q8=e � S � hGf-_FL/X-��POL- �gD*� �IFH8A-�� G$#�� �h84:6FH8dDIB!����e � h � ��e � h V; #eD?84BD�>-�6/>D?84D��M/����=DIB �=�M/P�L8��M/;-NFL/��084F�L-CB�HF'�*K;-CB�DE/�? l"S!m�A V $ �IB��_/P�L84DI57-V84:6FH8��e � hbp RCe � h�D�L���e � h �=�? l5S!m.A��;FL/�����e � hbp �ne � h�D�L���e � h�=�? l5S!m�A V�.-N5%�M/>B4D*�;-Q3 L&� K;3@5QFLBA-CBd1V:>-Q34-q-CFL5T:��'L��e � hVFL/�����e � hSDEBS-CD?84:;-Q3bDI/>BJD*�;-��L3 � K;84B4D*�;-q84:;-RDE/v8A-Q3��HF'�? l5S!m.A V��� FLBA-Ia ]���e � h S���e � h�=�? l"S!m�A V �S:>DIB_5QFLBA-i5QFL/6/P�L8F�Z5Q5)K;3�] e � S � hq5QFL/>/P�L81Gf- �ZD�� �IFH8A-�� G\#��Gf-C5QF'K>B4-���e � hbp �ne � h S���e � h p ��e � h�FL/"���iDIB �=�M/P�L8��M/;-'V��� FLBA-��$]���e � h S���e � h�=�? l5S!m�A VJ�ZDI/657-ARXFL/����=F OL3J-Q-��M/7Gn�L84: � FL/�� � �;D?8NL&� �*���21VBa84:>FH8�e � S � hDEB �ZD�� �IFH8A-��fG$#1RiFL/��*?���e � h S���e � h�A�p ?cRCe � h S!RCe � h�A V �S:>DIBj<>3+� �L-CB�<6FH3484B e aYh�FL/"� e x h V����YB4:P�2184:6FH8�?���e � h S���e � h�Ak�P�g-CBa/��L8�573!�MB4B ? l"S!m�A��6DI8s34-!�]FLDI/>Ba8��N<>3+� �L-c84:6FH8�84:;-c5QFLBA-c1V:;-C/���e � h � mFL/"����e � h P;l5QFL/>/P�L8�:>FH<6<h-C/iVZ;NK;8�DI/iB+K>5T:iFN5QFLBA-b1a- �FK>B48a:>F �L-��ne � h p mSFL/����ne � hbp lFL/"�984:>FH8V5%�M/t8A3JF'�>DI5784BV84:;-��3�M/��L8��M/>DI5QD?8o#U�'L��"V��� FLBA- x ]���e � h �= ? l"S!m�A�����e � h�= ? l5S!m.A V9�ZDE/>57- e � S � hdDIB �gD*� �IFH8A-�� ����e � h � mV � �M/>BA-L.$K;-C/t8+��#��RCe � hFp ��e � h � mPFL/�� ��84:$K>B����ne � hfp mV �ZDI/>57-��GDIB �3�M/P�L8��M/;-��!��e � h R �ne � hfp m ��FL/��:>-C/>57-���e � hAp"�ne � h�p mV �S:6DIBd<>3+� �L-CBq84:>FH8 ?���e � h S���e � h�A�DI/v8A-Q3TBA-C5784B ? l5S!m�AsDI/.FH8��3�MB48��M/;-<��MDI/t8Fegm)h �h-CBA84F G"�IDIBJ:>DI/POP<6FH3J8#�$V � LCRCe � hJp$��e � hNp�m �h84:;-C/IR.FL/����eF OL3J-Q-F�M/�G��L84: � FL/��� ��FL/���<6FH3484B�e aYhRFL/�� e x hFL&� �*��� 1�V�� LV/P�L8���84:>-C/ m p%�ne � h �p ��� �����Z?cRnS+l"S!m�Aoe � h V �S:$K>B�����i����� ?cRnS+l5S!m�Aoe � h PXm �\FL/�� :;-C/>57-3RCe � h�PXm�p&��e � h V��ZDI/>57-fRCe � hNp'��e � h � m �f<6FH3484B3e aYhFL/"� e x hNL&� �*���21�V��� FLBA- $P](��e � h�=�? l5S!m�A S���e � h�=&? l"S!m�A V �S:6DIB�5QFLBA-qDIBVB�#�� �P-Q8A3JDI5QF'�f8�� � FLBA- x V

,*)�� � ������ � � �"!�#\�!�. ��

�.-NFH34-R/�� 1 34-CF'�P#98��7�;-�6/;-�LMK>/>5784D*�M/>BVDI/084:;-_5T:>FLDI/IRXkl RXH�kl R � kl R 8 ShFLB@1a-��*�jFLB@F'K � D*�IDEFH3+#B��F'�(�?-Q3� K3JFL/POL-NLMK>/>5784D��M/6BkR QH �\R Q� �vFL/"�=R Q8 V��S:;-CB4- L&K>/65784D��M/>BUFL/��N84:;-CD?3�<63+�L<f-Q3484D?-CBUFH34-�B+K �"�]FH3JD%$Q-��DI/W84:;-�L � �*�*� 1VDI/�O1�?-!� �F`V

�S:>-P8A3JFL/>B4D?84D*�M/QL 3+��� R�8��IRXHb8A3TFL/>B�L&�L3#�B �ZD�� �IFH8A-��.-��POL-CBY1VD?84:Q�M/;--C/"�;<��MDI/v8bDI/ 84:;-U��� 1a-Q3:>F'��Lk�'L�84:;-R3JFL/POL-RFL/��=84:>-F�L84:;-Q3d-C/��;<��MDI/t8VDI/=84:;-1K><><f-Q3V:>F'��L�DI/t8��]-��POL-CB@1VD?84: G��L84:0-C/��><n�MDE/v84BDI/e84:;-PB4F��P-N:>F'��Lb�'L�84:;-N3JFL/POL-'V $ L 8A-Q3c84:>FH8b1a-N34-Q<6FLD?3 �gD*� �IFH8A-��X-��POL-CBb1VD?84:�G��L84:e-C/"�;<��MDI/v84B@DI/84:;-��*� 1a-Q3V:>F'��L��'L�84:>-Y3JFL/POL-c8��=�'G684FLDI/ R � FL/��W84:;-C/��"K;<><f-Q3�:>F'��L��'L�84:>-c3JFL/POL-Y8��=�'G684FLDI/ R 8 V

x,+

Page 38: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

�"V����������10�4 ��Y���V(4 V�6>739�]R[G_�Y ?�� f�z�r�f wju D�pjqsr`t m9u c�r w u r m fhe � w cNp R ]\3�kl ? _`SAr V ajA�{Cwp7c�|^|�c�~ w �

R Q�pX�Y�� ���Y�Z?cRnS�� � V;a S��� A RXHJpXZ�£v[P���¤?cRnS�� � V a S�� AR QH pX��� ����� ?cRXH)S+_`S� � V ajA R � pXZ�£v[P���¤?cRXH)S+_`S� � VTajAR Q� pX��� ����� ?cR � S��� SAr V;ajA R 8 pXZ�£v[P���¤?cR � S�� SAr V;ajA

C o f w fnpjq r�t m9u c�r w5o { g�f mGo fnp7c�|^|�c�~ u r � � evc � f7e m9u f w�l p7c�eTf7g�f7e�i � eNc � { � u | uGm i y�u^wjm e u � q m9u c�r ' �M � +f[ , [5Z , egRnSE'�h R +f[ , ["Z , egR Q SE'�hP � +f[ , [5Z , egRnSE'�h R +f[ , ["Z , egR QH SE'�h TS+f[ , [5Z , egR Q� SE'7h' � d *3egRih"' d *3egR Q h\T d *3egR QH h T d *1egR Q� h

���C_!_�� � $ �*�f3J-)L -Q34-C/657-CBS8��Gyz<6FH3J84B4{FH34-Y3J-)L -Q34-C/657-CB�8��<6FH3484B �'LZ�[-!�"�F�a X$Ve aYh�S:;-J��� �����1�L<f-Q3JFH8��L3U/;-��L-Q3�F'�"�>B[/;-Q1 �gD*� �IFH8A-��Y-��POL-CB�G$# � �IFLD�� a + V��S:;-Q3J-)L �L34-��� �¡G¢¤£"egR Q h  �¡G¢¤£"egRih �>FL/��=84:;-q5)�IFLD�� L&� �*���21VB)Ve � h��.-iB4:�� 1 84:6FH8� �¡G¢¤£"egR QH hcFL/"�� �¡G¢¤£"egR Q� hbFH3J- y�u^w�� c u r msB!KPG6BA-Q84B��'L� T¡9¢d£5egRih ��FL/"�O84:;-i5)�IFLD��L&� �*��� 1@B)V �UD?3JBA8��;/P�L8A-Y84:6FH8� T¡9¢d£5egR QH haFL/��* �¡G¢¤£"egR Q� haFH34-qB!KPG6BA-Q84BN�'LZ �¡G¢¤£"egRih �PGf-C5QF'K>BA-�R QH FL/�� R Q�FH34-c5%�M/>BA8A3 K>578A-���Lx3+��� R K>BJDI/PO_FPB4-L.\K;-C/657- �'LCZ�£v[P���eFL/�� �Y�� ���Y� �L<f-Q3JFH8��L3TB��;1V:>DI5T:p/>-��L-Q3VF'���/;-Q1 �ZD�� �IFH8A-��=-��POL-CB G$# � �IFLD�� a + FL/��=<6FH348�e aYh V

$ �*�;84:>FH8s34-!�FLDI/6B�DIB�8��R<>3+� �L-V84:>FH8" �¡G¢¤£"egR QH h�FL/��  �¡G¢¤£"egR Q� h�FH34- �>DIB ���MDI/t8)V\;J#P<6FH3J8De � h �Z84:;-Q34-DIB�/P�P-���OL- �gD�� �EFH8A-��7G\#�RXH�1V:P�MBA-cDI/t8A-Q3��HF'�\573+�MB4BA-CB�? �� V a S�� A V �S:;-Q34-)L&�L34-��;84:;-c-��POL-CB��gD*� �IFH8A-��7G\#RXH�FH34-�<6FH3484D?84D*�M/;-��NDI/v8��b8 1 ���>DEB � �MDE/v8UB+KPG6B4-Q84B)]@y����21V{b-��POL-CB�1@D?84:NDI/v8A-Q3#��F'�IBU5%�M/t84FLDI/;-��PDI/*? _`S �� V7ajAFL/��.yA:>D*OM:>{d-��POL-CB�1VD?84:PDE/v8A-Q3��HF'�IBU5%�M/t84FLDI/;-��DI/*?��� SAr V�ajA V��S:;-�-��POL-CB��ZD�� �IFH8A-��3G$#1R QH FH34-SFcB!KPG6BA-Q8�'Lf84:;-D�*� 1 -���OL-CB��vGf-C5QF'K>BA-V84:;-A��� ����� �L<f-Q3JFH84D��M/]34-Q<6FLD?3JB�F'�*�;84:;-V:6D�OM:��ZD�� �IFH8A-��P-��POL-CBaFL/��pF'���>B/P�q/>-Q1 �gD*� �IFH8A-��-��POL-CB G$# � �IFLD�� a + V �S:;-V-��POL-CB �ZD�� �IFH8A-��9G\#=R Q� FH34-VF_B+KPG6B4-Q8C�'Lh84:>-V:>D�OM:P-���OL-CB��Gf-C5QF'K>BA-@84:;-�Z�£\[P��� �L<f-Q3JFH84D��M/ K>BA-��p8��FL&�L3#� R � 34-Q<6FLDI3JB�F'�*��84:;-D�*� 1��gD�� �EFH8A-��]-��POL-CBJG$#P<6FH3484BAe � hFL/�� e x h ��FL/��=/P�]/>-Q1 �gD�� �EFH8A-��9-��POL-CBVFH3J-qF'���;-���G$# � �IFLD�� a + FL/"�9<6FH348�e aYh Ve x h(�UD?3JBA8��g1s-cB4:�� 1�84:>FH8 R 8VDIB �3�M/P�L8��M/;-'VN�ZDI/>57-S84:>- LMK>/>5784D*�M/UR 8VDEBs5%�M/>B48A3!K>578A-�� L 3!��� R K>B4DI/�O_FBA-L.$K;-C/>57-��'L�84:;34-Q-fZ`£\[P�����L<f-Q3JFH84D��M/>B!�;<6FH3484B�e � h�FL/"� e x h�D��P<5��#84:>FH8S84:>-Q34-qDIB�/P�P-���OL-��gD*� �IFH8A-��G$#9R 8 1V:P�MBA-dDI/t8A-Q3���F'��573+�MB4BA-CBaFL/\#3�'L 84:;-@DE/v8A-Q3��HF'�IB ? � � VQa S �� A��!? _`S �� VQajA��`�L3? �� SArLVQajA V �S:;-Q34-)L&�L34-��R 8 �gD*� �IFH8A-CBV/P�P-���OL-CBVFH8VF'�*�\FL/"�=DIB �3�M/P�L8��M/>-'V

�D� 1 84:;-��>DIBA84FL/657-�L 3+��� R08��]84:;-qBA-Q8 �'L��3�M/P�L8��M/>-�L&K6/>5784D��M/>B�DIBSFH8 �3�MBA8�84:;-��6DIBA84FL/>57-ALx3+���

x ¦

Page 39: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

RX8��84:;-c<�FH3484DI5)K��IFH3��=�M/P�L8��M/;-�LMK>/>5784D��M/ R 8 �6FL/"�W1s-q5QFL/034-CFLB��M/eFLB L � �(��� 1VB�]d * egRih ' �>DEBA8�egRnS!R 8 h

' �>DEBA8�egRnS!RXH!h\T �>DIBA8�egRXH�S!R � h TH�>DIB48)egR � S!R 8�hp d *fegR Q h\T d *fegR QH h T d *fegR Q� h �

�S:;-��EFLBA8SBA8A-Q<�K6BA-CB � �IFLD�� a ¦$V

,*) � � �! ��� ��������� #�!��� �

�z/e84:6DIBbBA-C5784D��M/ 1a-fK6BA-_84:>-R3J-CB+K��?84B �'L�84:>-R<634-C57-��>DI/PO �?-!�"�Fi8��W<>3+� �L-"�S:;-)�L34-!� $PV��V:;-N<>3+�$�'LDIBJG$#iDI/"��K>5784D��M/U�M/=wc1VDI84:p84:>-bDE/���K>5784D%�L-b:\#t<��L84:;-CB4DEBs84:6FH8 L �L3�-��L-Q3+# LMK>/>5784D��M/�RI]X3Okl nG1@:;-Q34-� n � p �Lu �

d *fegRih�'�� E +f[ , [5Z , egRnSE'�h E w ��z/�84:;-7G6FLBA-95QFLBA-91V:>-Q34-=wIp a �s84:;-9:v#g<��L84:;-CB4DIBN:P� �*�6BFG$#G84:>-WFLBJB+K �P<>84D*�M/�B484FH8A-�� DI/�84:;-

84:;-)�L34-!� V�� �21 FLB4B!K �P-Y84:>FH8d84:;-q:\#g<n�L84:>-CB4DIBV:�� �*�>B L&�L3dw V;aq8��p<>3!� �L-q84:6FH8@D?8V:�� �*�>B L&�L3bwvV �.-5QFL/=3J-CFLB��M/=FLB L&� �*���21VB)]

d *3egRih ' d *fegR Q h T d *fegR QH h\T d *fegR Q� h' � E +f[ , [5Z , egR Q SE'7hT � E +f[ , [5Z , egR QH SE'7h E e w V;aYh:T�� E +f[ , ["Z , egR Q� SE'7h E e w V;aYh' � E e +f[ , [5Z , egRnSE'�h\TS+f[ , ["Z , egRnSE'�h%e w V;aYh�hp � E +f[ , [5Z , egRnSE'�h E w

�S:>-">3JBA8YDE/;-L.\K6F'�ID?8 #X1�FLBY<>3+� �L-���DE/.<6FH348Ue x h��'L�� -!�"�]F � _`V��S:;-]BA-C5%�M/"�GDI/;-L.$K>F'�IDI8 #�K6BA-CB84:;-PDI/��"K>5784D��M/0:\#g<n�L84:>-CB4DIB �f34-C5QF'�*�j84:>FH8b84:;-N3JFL/POL-f�'LNR Q[:>FLBbB4D%$Q- � H �\FL/��X84:;-N3JFL/POL-CBA�'L R QH FL/��R Q� :>F �L-RB4D�$Q-qr ��1p � u F!H V �S:>-q84:>D?3 �9BA8A-Q<IK6BA-CBS<6FH3J84BFe aYhVFL/�� e � h �'L�� -!�"�]F�� _ �hFL/"�=84:;- 6/>F'�BA8A-Q<0DEBSB4D��P<5�ID%65QFH84D��M/iV �S:>DEB�5%���P<"�?-Q8A-CBV84:;-c<>3+�$�'LoV

x X

Page 40: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

� ��������� �

� � �"� � $���� (s��� �

�S:;-Q3J- FH3J-.8 1J� <>3+�'G"�I-!�BWDI/�8A-CBA84DI/PO �3�M/��L8��M/>DI5QD?8o#T�'L1L&K>/65784D��M/>Bi84:>FH891a-.1s-Q34-O/��L8=F G"�?- 8��34-CB�� ���L-qB��=L~FH3�V �S:;- 63JBA8 �M/;-qDEB �;-CB4D�OM/>DE/POPFfOMFH<08A-CBA8A-Q3 L �L3 �3�M/P�L8��M/>DI5QDI8 #i1V:P�MBA-q5%���<"�?- � D?8 #WDIBDI/��>-Q<h-C/"�;-C/v8 �'L�84:;-_B4D�$Q-F�'L�84:;-R3JFL/POL-�e&�L3d<>3+� �ZDI/POp84:>FH8 �M/;-1���t-CBd/P�L8V- � DIBA8 h V �S:;-RBA-C5%�M/��I�M/;-DIB �;-CBJD�OM/>DI/PON8A-CBA8A-Q3TB L&�L3��3�M/P�L8��M/>DE5QD?8 #7�'L�L&K>/65784D��M/>B �;-�6/>-��7�M/0FL/\#p<6FH3J84DIF'�*��#U�L3!�;-Q34-��9BA-Q8)V� 8P1 � K"�*��F'�IB�� Gf-iDE/v8A-Q34-CB484DI/PO 8��GBA-Q-�OMFH< <63+�L<f-Q348 #O8A-CB48A-Q3JB=L&�L33�L84:;-Q3<>3!�L<h-Q3J84D?-CBNFL/�� OMFH<

<>3+�L<f-Q348o#p8A-CB484DI/POD?84BA-��*LjFH<><"�ED?-��9DI/��HFH3JD�� K>B�FH34-CFLB �'L�5%���P<"K;8A-Q3VBJ5QD?-C/>57-'V

$ _

Page 41: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

� � � (��s�,� $�' � � �

? ajA3��V $ 3+�L3JF � � V\��K>/�������V�� �L8 1�FL/>D ��� Vb�`K��>FL/ �UFL/���� Vb��$Q-)OL-��P#'V � 3!�\�'L �L-Q3JD�65QFH84D��M/�FL/��DE/v8A3JFL5784F G�D*�ID?8o#9�'L�FH<><>3+� � D �FH84D��M/W<>3+�'G5�?-!�B)V�� ��� � $ y e x h ] y _Pa�� y'y'y � a XYX�¦$V?��RA3��V $ 3+�L3JFdFL/��f��V �`K��6FL/ Vv� �P<>3+� �L-��F�*� 1 �;-)OL34-Q-a8A-CBA84DI/PObFL/��RD?84B�FH<><"�IDI5QFH84D*�M/>B)V �z/�� eNc�t�f�f y�u r ��w

cvp�� C�� �������6<6F OL-CB $ ¦ y � $ X y �Ca XYX + V? x A�� V�;s-��(�IFH34-�� �FV � �L<><f-Q3JB#�D?84: ����V<���FLBA84F'� ��� V! YDI1VD ��FL/"�"� Vi�PK��>FL/ V��jDI/;-CFH3JD?8o#98A-CBA84DI/POiDI/5T:>FH3JFL578A-Q3JDEBA84DI5c8 1 �PV � /"� eNc�t�f�f y�u r ��w cvp � � � �$# �><6F OL-CB $ x �%� $W$�a �ka XYX y V

? $�A�� VR;a-��*�EFH34-��v�nV'& � �*�>1aFLB4B4-Q3!� � VR��K>/�� ��FL/�� $ V'�DK>B4BA-��(�gVY! �]5QD?-C/t8[<63+�'G6F G6D*�EDIBA84DI5QF'�*�*#V5J:;-C5���F G5�?-<63+�\�'L~BSFL/��0FH<><"�IDI5QFH84D*�M/>B�8��]FH<><63+� � D��FH84D��M/iV �z/"� evc t�f�f y�u r ��w cNp(� C�� ��� ' ��<6F OL-CB��YX $'� x _@$ �a XYX x V

? y A�� V�;J�(K ���)� V"��KPG\#��@FL/��*��V��DKPG6DI/�L -��*�iVX�Z-���L K8A-CB484DI/PO,+�5%�L3434-C5784DE/PO�1@D?84: FH<><5�IDI5QFH84D��M/>B]8��/$K �P-Q3TDI5QF'�f<>3+�'G"�I-!�B)V�-.��� � $ + ] y $ X%� y X y �ba XYX x V

?$�RA �JV�!�3+O K>/ �\�nV� qFL/>/>FL/ �\�nV���V� �K �FH3 ����V�� K�G6DI/PLx-��*� �HFL/��.� V�/dDEBA1aFL/6FH84:>FL/ Vn�g<��L8 5T:;-C5 �L-Q3JB�V�z/"� eNc tjf�f y�u r ��w cNp0� C�� ���-1��><�F OL-CB#� y X%� ����¦��Ca XYX�¦$V

? + A � V2&d-!� �P-��*� �3��V��jD?<>8��M/ �4��V5� K�G6DI/PLx-��*� �6� VH�`K��6FL/ ��FL/�� $ V ��D�O �;-Q3JB��M/iV �g-��*L 8A-CB484DI/PO,+�5%�L3434-C5784DE/POQL �L3P<�� ��#Z/P���DIF'�EBYFL/��HL �L3PFH<><63+� � D��FH8A-7LMK>/>5784D��M/>B�V��z/7� evc t�f�f y�u r ��w cNp� C�� ��� M �><6F OL-CB x �%� $ ����a XYX`a V

?�¦RA%UfV8& � �*�;34-CDE5J: ���nV8& � �*�>1aFLB4B4-Q3!� ! V�� -C: �FL/ �cFL/�� �1V9� �M/iV �[-CBA84DE/PO �3�M/P�L8��M/>DE5QD?8 #'V �z/� eNc�t�f�f y�u r ��w cNp � � � ��1���a XYX�¦$V

? XRA%UfV,& � �*�;34-CDE5J: �\�nV,&A� �*�;1�FLB4BA-Q3!�vFL/"�"�1V$� �M/ V � 3+�L<f-Q348o#_8A-CBA84DE/POYFL/��D?84B�5%�M/6/;-C5784D��M/8����I-CFH3J/ DE/PO]FL/��XFH<><>3+� � D �FH84D��M/ V:�� ��� �Q$ y e�$\h ]�� y'x � + y _ �Ja XYX�¦$V $ /0- � 8A-C/"�;-�� F G6BA8A3JFL578bFH<><f-CFH34-��DE/W84:;-c<>3+�Z57-Q-��>DI/POMB �'L�� U � � X��$V

$�a

Page 42: cs-people.bu.edu · ! #"%$&" ')( *+ ,+-+./(0 12" 354 6 798:8=?8K 8L@IMON+PQ;SR>8:H:7QRTFIP0N+K UI7VK ;>;SH:7QK UWFIK =YXZ@ 6WE 4

? a)_CA%UfV!& � �*�;3J-CDI5J:9FL/�� �1V � �M/ V � 3+�L<f-Q348o#p8A-CB484DI/PO]DI/ Gn� K6/��;-��7�;-)OL34-Q-FOL3JFH<6:>B)V � /"� eNc�t�f�f y�u r ��wcvp�� C�� �������6<6F OL-CB $ _ �%� $�a y �Ca XYX + V

? a'ajA%UfV!& � �*�;3J-CDI5J:eFL/�� �1V � �M/ V $ B+KPG5�IDI/;-CFH3 G6DI<6FH3484D?8A-Y8A-CB48A-Q3DL&�L3DG�� K>/"�;-����;-)OL34-Q-1OL3JFH<6:>B�VJ�z/� eNc�t�f�f y�u r ��w cNp:� C�� ���-1���<6F OL-CB#��¦YX%� �YX�¦��ka XYX�¦$V ���]FH<6<h-CFH3SDE/6� c � � u r {�m c�e u t { ��a XYXYX$V

? a �RA ��V��@F $XFL/�� �nVN�;F L 3JF`V $ B+K�G 5%�M/>BA84FL/t8p-Q3J3+�L3� K<>3+�'G�F G6D*�ID?8o# ���21 �;-)OL34-Q-X8A-CBA8��VFL/"� F�B+KPG 5%�M/6BA84FL/v8]-Q343+�L3� K<>3!�'G6F G6D*�IDI8 # � � � 5J:>FH3TFL578A-Q3JD%$CFH84D��M/T�'L � � V � /7� eNc tjf�f y�u r ��w cNp � C�� ��� ���<�F OL-CB $ + y � $ ¦ $ �Ca XYX + V

? a x A ��V �DKPG6DI/�L -��*�PFL/"��� V"�`K��>FL/ V�� �'G"K>BA8a5J:>FH3TFL578A-Q3JD%$CFH84D��M/7�'L <�� ��#Z/P���DEF'�IB�1VD?84:iFH<><"�EDI5QFH84D��M/>B8��]<>3+�'OL3JF�� 8A-CB484DI/POPV � � � c�q ejr { |\c�r � c � � q m9u r ��� � y e � h ] � y �%� � + a � a XYX��$V

$ �