Com Linux Win

8/8/2019 Com Linux Win

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Linux Operating System

Windows Vs Linux

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Pre-installation

Windows

Pre-installed by default on

almost all new desktop PCs

Notes

Microsoft's agreement with

vendors to sell only the

Windows OS is being challengedin court by French consumer

rights groups

Linux

Pre-installed by default on

very few new desktop PCs.

January 2010

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Server market share

Windows

7.3%

Linux Note

33.8% April 2009

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Top 500 supercomputer operating system

family share

Windows

1.0% (absolute 5)

Linux

88.6% (absolute 443), the

14 fastest supercomputers

run Linux

June 2009

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Graphical user interface

Windows

The window manager

is the Desktop

Window Manager onWindows Vista. The

desktop environment

may be modified by a

variety of third partyproducts such as

WindowBlinds

Linux

A number ofdesktop

environments are available,

of which GNOME and KDEare the most widely used.

By default, they use as their

window managers Metacity

and KWin respectively,

though these can be

replaced by other window

managers such as Compiz

Fusion

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Command-line interface

Windows

The Command Prompt

exists to provide direct

communicationbetween the user and

the operating system.

Linux

Linux is strongly integrated

with the system console.

The command line can beused to recover the system

if the graphics subsystem

fails. A large number ofUnix

shells exists. with the

majority being "Bourne

shell compatible" shells, of

which the most widely used

is GNU Bash.

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A command-line interface, typically displayed in a system

console orterminal emulatorwindow, allows users to tell the

computer to perform tasks ranging from the simple (for example,

copying a file) to the complex (compiling and installing new

software).

Shells are powerful but can be confusing to new users. Some

complex tasks are more easily accomplished through shells

than through a GUI, such as piping, orscripting. See also:Comparison of computer shells.


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Ease of Install

Windows

On Windows Server

2003 and prior, the

installation is dividedinto two stages; the

first, text-mode; the

second, graphical.On

Windows Vista andnewer, the installation

is single stage, and

graphical.

Linux

Varies greatly by

distribution. Most

distributions intended fornew or intermediate users

provide simple graphical

installers. General purpose

oriented distributions offer

a live CD or GUI installer

(SuSE, Debian, Pardus,

Pclinuxos, Mandriva,

Ubuntu, Fedora etc.),

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Drivers

Windows

The Windows installation media

usually contains enough drivers

to make the OS functional. To thisend, "generic" drivers may be

used to provide basic

functionality. Drivers for these

devices can later be upgraded

from the manufacturer. Windows

Update may also contain updateddrivers that can be installed after

the base OS is in place.

Linux

Linux kernels in most

distributions include the majority

of drivers available as modules,hardware is detected and drivers

loaded at boot with usually little

or no user interaction

required.usually the drivers are

included in the kernel (open-

source), and therefore do notrequire additional media or any

user interaction. A few hardware

manufactures (Broadcom, Nvidia)

have proprietary drivers which

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Pre-installed software

Windows

Some multimedia and home use

software (IE, Media Player,

Notepad, WordP

ad,P

aint) plusOEM bundled software. Windows

Vista Includes IE7, Windows Mail,

Windows Media Center, etc.

depending on which edition is

purchased. It does not include

Office suites or advancedmultimedia software

Microsoft's methods of bundling

software were deemed illegal in

the case United States v.Microsoft

Linux

All main distributions

contain numerous

programs: multimedia,graphics, internet, office

suites, games, system

utilities and alternative

desktop environments.

Some distributions

specialise in education,

games, or security.

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Not pre-installed software

Windows

A massive pool of both

proprietary software (including

shareware and freeware) and freesoftware. Programs usually come

with the required libraries and

are normally installed easily.

Uninstallation can be of varying

difficulty depending on which of

many installer methods wereused, components and registry

entries may be left behind

Linux

A massive pool of free software

and some proprietary software

covering a wide range of use. AMicrosoft employee wrote in an

internal report in 1998 that "Most

of the primary apps that people

require when they move to Linux

are already available for

free.Using free Windows-compatibility layers like Wine,

some Windows software can also

be run


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Linux distributions can not lawfully include

MP3 orMPEG-4 file decoders in a majority

of countries, as it would violate the Patent

Cooperation Treaty. There is nothing

preventing a user from installing these

decoders, however the user assumes allliability for installing said pieces of

software. Media players (such as

Rhythmbox)) for free alternative

audio/video formats are available in Linux,

but these players are unable to decode

patented formats, such as MP3, withoutinstalling additional plugin


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Partitioning

Windows

Expanding NTFS partitions is

possible without problems,

and on Vista it is possible toshrink partitions as well.

Third party tools are

available that have more

features than the built-in

partitioning tools.

Linux

Most file systems support

resizing partitions without

losing data. LVM providedynamic partitioning. All

Linux distributions have

bundled partitioning

software such as fdisk or

gparted

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File systems

Windows

Natively supported: NTFS,

FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, and

others; 3rd-party driversavailable for ext2, ext3,

reiserfs, HFS, and others

Windows can read and write with

Ext2 and Ext3 file systems with

third-party drivers such as FS-driver or ext2fsd; and ReiserFS

through rfstool and related

programs.

Linux

Natively supported: ext2, ext3,

ext4, ReiserFS, FAT, ISO 9660,

UDF, NFS, NTFS (incomplete), JFS,

XFS and others; many additional

filesystems (most notably NTFS

using NTFS-3g, and ZFS) are

available using FUSE.

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Boot Loader

Windows

NTLDR in Windows Server 2003 and

prior. Graphical configuration tools

are available for both, such as

EasyBCD for the Windows BootManager and MSConfig for NTLDR,

which can chain load multiple non-NT

environments, including Linux, by

referring to volume boot records

from those environments saved on

the Windows partition

Linux

May boot to multiple operating

systems through numerous

bootloaders such as LILO and

GRUB. With these, it is possible to

choose among multiple installed

kernel images at boot time.

Graphical configuration tools for

GRUB are available including

KGRUBEditor (KDE) and GrubConf(GNOME).GRUB can also accept

arbitrary, one-time configurations

at boot time via the GRUB

prompt

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Boot Loader

GRUB and LILO also support booting to non-

Unix operating systems via chain loading; for a

Windows and Linux dual-boot system, it is

often easiest to install Windows first and then

Linux because Linux installers such as

Ubuntu's installer will easily and fully

automatically detect and set up otheroperating systems for dual/multiple boot with

Linux.


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Installation

Linux distributions were said to be difficult for the average user to install.[citation needed]However, easy-to-use installers were becoming common on the major distributions alreadyby the beginning of the twenty-first century. The main Linux distributions include graphicalpackage managers which assist the user in searching for packages and installing themgraphically (e.g., Fedora's PackageKit, and Debian and Ubuntu's Synaptic Package Manager).When package managers are used the user saves time as there is no need of surfing to webpages, downloading the appropriate packages, and installing them; the package manager

handles all downloading, installing, resolving of dependencies, and conflict resolution.[42] Today, most distributions[citation needed] have simplified the installation and offer a Live

CD system allowing users to boot fully functional Linux systems directly from a CD or DVDwith the option of installing them on the hard drive. This enables a user to evaluate adistribution for either software or hardware compatibility with no permanent modification totheir computer.

The Windows install process and most general-use Linux distributions use a wizard to guideusers through the install process. Windows often comes pre-installed while a Linux

distribution has to be chosen and installed, but one can argue that the installation of Linuxnowadays is no more difficult than configuration of a pre-installed Windows


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Accessibility and usability

Windows Linux

A study released in 2003 by

Relevantive AG indicates

that The usability of Linuxas a desktop system was

judged to be nearly equal to

that of Windows XP

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Consistency between versions

Windows

User interaction with

software is usually

consistent between

versions, releases, and

editions.

Linux

Consistency ranges from

high to poor between

distributions, versions,window managers/desktop

environments, and

programs. Software is

generally highly user-

customizable, and the user

may keep the

customizations between

versions.

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Consistency between applications

Windows

All Microsoft software

follows the same guidelines

for GUI, although not allsoftware developed for

Windows by third parties

follows these GUI

guidelines. As stated above,

backports tend to follow the

guidelines from the newer

operating system.

Linux

Highly consistent within KDE

and GNOME. However the

vast amount of additionalsoftware that comes with a

distribution is sourced from

elsewhere; i

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General stability

Windows

Windows operating systems

based on the NTkernel

(including all currentlysupported versions of

desktop Windows) are

technically much more

stable than some older

versions (including

Windows 3.1 and 95/98).

Installing unsigned or beta

drivers can lead to

decreased system stability

Linux

A Linux window manager, a

key component of the X

Window-based GUI system,can be highly stable

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Downtime

Windows

Reboots are usually

required after system

and driver updates.

Microsoft has its

hotpatching technology,

designed to reduce

downtimes.

Linux

Linux itself needs to restart

only for kernel updates.[51]

However, a special utilitycan be used to load the new

kernel and execute it

without a hardware reset

(kexec) and hence can stay

up for years without a single

hardware reboot, reducing

downtime.

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Recovery

Windows

In modern, NT-based versions of

Windows, programs that crash

may be forcibly ended through

the task manager by pressing

CTRL+SHIFT+ESC or

CTRL+ALT+DEL. Should this fail,

other third-party applications can

also be used. However, if a badly

behaving application hangs theentire GUI, it is difficult or

impossible to recover without

restarting the entire computer

Linux

All processes except for init

and processes in D or Z

state may be terminatedfrom the command line. If

the GUI hangs, on most

distributions, CTRL+ALT+F1

takes the user to the

terminal, where the process

can be killed, and the GUI

restored

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Hardware emulation and

Virtualization

Windows

VMware, VirtualBox,

Virtual PC, Virtual

Server, Hyper-V (only

available on 64-bit

versions of Vista SP2,

Windows 7, and

Windows Server 2008),

Parallels, QEMU on new

hardware.

Linux

VMware, VirtualBox, Xen,

Parallels, Linux-VServer,

OpenVZ, Win4Lin, KVM.VirtualBox and QEMU can

be used to run Microsoft

Windows as guest operating

system.

With virtualization you may

run an operating system

within another operating

system.

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Security

Windows

true comparison between Windows

and Linux on the values of the

inherent security of each operating

system is hard to obtain. Windowsruns nearly 90% of desktop

computers in the consumer market,

and is the main operating system of

the vast majority of commercial and

institutional users.This makes

Windows- equipped machines alarger target for malware, which is

written by coders who desire to

cause as much damage as possible.

Linux

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