PERIOD 6: ACCELERATING GLOBAL

CHANGE AND REALIGNMENTSC. 1900 TO THE PRESENT

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1

• I. RAPID ADVANCES IN SCIENCE, ASSISTED BY NEW TECH., SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE WORLD• A. NEW COMM. & TRANS. VIRTUALLY

ELIMINATE PROBLEM OF GEOGRAPHIC DISTANCE. (LIST SOME)

NEW MODES OF COMMUNICATION & TRANSPORTATION

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1

• B. NEW SCIENTIFIC PARADIGMS TRANSFORMED UNDERSTANDING OF THE WORLD1. EINSTEIN’S THEORY OF RELATIVITY• IMPACTS ON NUCLEAR ENERGY• UNDERSTANDING OF UNIVERSE & PHYSICS

E = mc2

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1

• C. THE GREEN REVOLUTION – 1950’S• 1. CHEMICALLY & GENETICALLY ENHANCED

AG.• 2. RELIED ON NEW CHEMICAL

PESTICIDES/FERTILIZERS• 3. MET NEEDS OF EARTH’S GROWING POP.• 4. LED TO CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL &

HEALTH CONCERNS

THE GREEN REVOLUTION

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1

•D. MEDICAL INNOVATIONS INCREASED SURVIVAL RATES

1. POLIO VACCINE - 19552. WHO (WORLD HEALTH ORG.) WORKING

TO ERADICATE POLIO3. CASES DECREASED 99% SINCE 1988

POLIO VACCINEPolio was declared eradicated in the Americas on Sep. 29, 1994 by the Pan American Health

POLIO VACCINEPolio was declared eradicated in the Americas on Sep. 29, 1994 by the Pan American Health

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1

• E. ENERGY TECH. LIKE OIL & NUCLEAR POWER = INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY

What has been the evolution of energy throughout human history?

ENERGY TECH. LIKE OIL & NUCLEAR POWER = INCREASED PRODUCTIVITYMore Energy, Not Less            By every humane measure, the world needs more energy. Energy multiplies human labor, increasing productivity. It builds and lights schools, purifies water, powers farm machinery, drives sewing machines and robot assemblers, stores and moves information. World population is increasing, passing seven billion people. Yet 1.1 billion people lack even electricity. Development depends on energy supply, and the alternative to development is suffering poverty, disease and premature death potentiating violence to force redistribution of material wealth. Beyond altruism, considerations of national security require developed nations to foster increasing energy production in their more populous developing counterparts. The Need for Nuclear PowerBy Richard Rhodes and Denis Beller

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1

• II. WITH THE EXPLOSION OF GLOBAL POPULATION, HUMANS FUNDAMENTALLY CHANGED THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ENVIRONMENT• A. HUMANS EXPLOIT & COMPETE OVER THE

EARTH’S FINITE RESOURCES

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1• B. GLOBAL WARMING = MAJOR CONSEQUENCE OF THE RELEASE OF GREENHOUSE GASES & OTHER POLLUTANTS.

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1

• C. POLLUTION THREATENS WATER & AIR

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1

•D. DEFORESTATION, DESERTIFICATION AND EXTINCTION CONTINUE TO BE CONSEQUENCES OF THE HUMAN IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT.

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1

• III. CONFLICT, DISEASE AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATIONS LED TO DEMOGRAPHIC SHIFTS• A. IMPROVED MILITARY TECH.

1. TANKS, AIRPLANES, A-BOMB• B. NEW TACTICS

1. TRENCH WARFARE, FIREBOMBING• C. RESULTS IN INCREASED CASUALTIES

1. WW I = 38 MILL.2. WW II = 60 MILL. – 20 MIL., 40 CIV.

FIREBOMBING OF WORLD WAR II

D. Specific “Wartime Casualties”

1. Hiroshima – approx. 135,000 casualties

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1

2. “The Rape of Nanjing” - 1937a. Japanese troops invade Chinab. Massacre 200,000-300,000

Chinese in Nanjing.c. 20,000-80,000 women raped

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1

• E. DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH POVERTY PERSISTED1. MALARIA

- PRIMARILY IN POOR NATIONS- GEOGRAPHIC/ECOLOGICAL REASONS AS WELL

(TROPICS)- 627,000 DEATHS IN 2012

Malaria in the World

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1

•F. OTHER DISEASES EMERGED AS NEW EPIDEMICS1.1918 INFLUENZA PANDEMIC

- INFECTED 28% OF AMER.- 675,000 AMER. DEATHS- 40-50 MILL. DEATHS WORLDWIDE-MORE DIED IN 1 YR. THAN 4YRS. OF “BLACK DEATH”

THE 1918 INFLUENZA PANDEMICThe Influenza Pandemic of 1918

The influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 killed more people than the Great War, known today as World War I (WWI), at somewhere between 40 and 50 million people. It has been cited as the most devastating epidemic in recorded world history. More people died of influenza in a single year than in four-years of the Black Death Bubonic Plague from 1347 to 1351. Known as "Spanish Flu" or "La Grippe" the influenza of 1918-1919 was a global disaster.

THE 1918 INFLUENZA PANDEMICThe physicians of the time were helpless against this powerful agent of influenza. In 1918 children would skip rope to the rhyme:

I had a little bird,Its name was Enza.I opened the window,And in-flu-enza.

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1

2. EBOLA- OVER 4,000

DEATHSBETWEEN 2014-

PRESENT

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1

3. HIV/AIDS- 39 MILL. DEATHS- SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

MOST AFFECTED.

1.5 mill. deaths in 2013

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1

• G. CHANGING LIFESTYLES & INCREASED LONGEVITY = HIGHER INCIDENCE OF CERTAIN DISEASES1. DIABETES & HEART DISEASE FROM

CHANGING DIETS OF MODERN AGE- MORE FATTY & SUGARY FOODS = MORE DISEASE! Diabetes in U.S.Heart disease in U.S.

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1

2. ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE RATE INCREASE DUE TO LIVING LONGER.

SCIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: 6.1

• H. MORE EFFECTIVE FORMS OF BIRTH CONTROL =

1. GREATER CONTROL FOR WOMEN OVER FERTILITY

2. TRANSFORMED SEXUAL PRACTICES

CRITICAL INTRO.

• IF YOU COULD HAVE DINNER WITH ONE OF THE 6 PEOPLE WE COVERED LAST CLASS WHO WOULD IT BE AND WHY? WHAT WOULD YOU WANT TO FIND/ASK?