6.2 W Y Z D x w Ô ¹ º ¼ R d e 4 W b c f 5 r g ¹ º 6.2.1 …...6. 145 6.2 6.2.1 ! " # % ') *...
Transcript of 6.2 W Y Z D x w Ô ¹ º ¼ R d e 4 W b c f 5 r g ¹ º 6.2.1 …...6. 145 6.2 6.2.1 ! " # % ') *...
6. � � � � � 145
6.2� � � � �
6.2.1 � � � � � � � � ! " # % ' )* + , . 0 1
Astro-E2 [36] 2 4 2005 5 7 6 10 78 7 : < = 12:30 > 4 @ A B D E 8M5 F H J L 6 MN P Q R 4 S T U W Y Z [ \ ^ ` a c d ^ g 4 i k lm o
(Suzaku, p q ) r t u v ^ g x ( y � � � ) � i kl m o 2 4 i 2 m a � o(1979 5 ) 4 i � � � o
(19835 ) 4 i � � � o(1987 5 ) 4 i � k \ o
(1993 5 ) > � m7 : � N � 8 , . 0 1 � 4 2000 5 ! 6 > ` a c d #$ & x ASTRO-E
8 ( * + N � � - � i k l m o 2/ c 0 1 2 4 5 565 km8 6 7 8 P : a 4 < 7 > /
= P15 > ? k - �
◦ @ B D E G H (HXD) [17] [18] [19]
i k l m o J L M O 8 < Q � � - T , . U V X(HXD;
Hard X-ray Detector) 2 4 Y Z � JAXA 4 \ U ] 4^ _ ] 4 � ` 4 a b ] 4 c ] 4 d e ] 4 Stanford ] fg r h i & � j k & x : 8 � � - � HXD 2 10–600keV
8 \ R l n o q r t r v w � x R y J z { | }~ � P � � & 4 U V X �(HXD-S) 4 � � F { � � ?� �
(HXD-AE) 4 � � � o � � �(HXD-DE) f g8 � ~ � r n ~ L \ ^ � - � � g ^ 2 4 2004 5 � 6� 8 < � � � � � � > � � � v � 2 � 4 � 6 \ ^2 0 1 c � 4 ` a c d ¡ 8 ¢ £ ¤ > ¥ ¦ g � R x �
◦ HXD § ¨ © ª « [47] [48] [63] [105]
` c d 8 ¬2 = ® 4 HXD
8 ¯ a c d � j ° ¦ gx � 7 6 23 7 > 2 DE� 4 � 25 7 > 2 AE
� > �± P ² ³ & 4 7 6 26 \ ^ 2 64 ´ 8PIN µ ¶ · r �
(500 V) r 36 ¸ 8 ¹ º L ¼ ½ r ¾(900 V)
8 0 ¿� ± 8 ² ³ > À � Á �  à � ¿ P Ä Z > 0 w 4 � x
· ~ < = P Å Æ > Ç m k - A È P É Ê 4 8 6 5 7 >2 Ë Ì Í f Î � Ï Ð P Ñ � � Ò x � � g > 4 � HXD8 Ó � � 4 ` a Ô d < 8 Õ Ö f g � × Ø k - � r fm 4 Ù Ú > Û Ö & � R - � r � Ü Ý ¦ g x � x Á &U V X � P Þ ß à � � > Q f � ! ¸ 8 � r L � ¶ �8 a 4 < ¸ � Ö Û � 4 � & x −20◦
� 2 f m 4−14◦ ¡ ® � Ï Q k - � r r f � x �
¡ ® & � 4 i k l m o > J L ¦ g x CCD � |(XIS) r 4 0 � 1 , . � � �
(XRS)8 ¯ a Ô d : �
� & x � & \ & � � j ° 8 � � 8 5 8 6 8 7 4 XRS8 à � � � - � D � � } � � � � > � � k - r R � � � Ò 4 XRS 2 N � P # R 4 � P � & x 0 12 � � � � � r � > � � x � HXD 2 0 ¿ P k � � ·¹ & 4 Þ � 8 � � P � � > U & x � 4 " # f R r$ & ¦ g x 8 � 4 8 6 15 7 \ ^ 0 ¿ 8 ( ¯ a Ô d P
' f � x � � 19 7 > 2 � Ú Ï Q > ) * & , H ~ � }o - .A
8 � � � ¹ 0 r - L | ¶ L P Ñ � & x [2] �� 8 ® i k l m o 1 ,
HXD r XIS8 ! 3 5 8 U V
X � � � P ' � r > f � , 6 � 1HXD Ï Q 8 8
9 : P ; w � R - �◦ HXD § < = ? @ AB C � � � r � P Q R x HXD D F G H &
( I ¶ ~D J Ö f g
), N � U K , Ö Û D L & R M Ù f g P ,
6 � P N O Q À w x [90] [91] [92] [96] � HXD1 S U
� W � Y Z D \ ] D x w , N Ô � ¹ º - ¶ ^ ¼ N �Q 4 - _ R ¶ ` ~ W b c ' f � � / Ô Q d e & , 5D ® D / Ô � r � � g � , L � f ¹ º - ¶ ^ ¼ b ch i � j � k P l k � m y ^ 1 n o p q D � r r &
� , B C � � � r � P Q R � , N Ô r / Ô D ¶ ` ~W b c � | � r � P ¢ t � & x [34] [97] � 5 D u v ,HXD
1 � Í r k - x x y ^ z { | } ~ � P Ñ � & �R - � r � Ü Ý ¦ g x � y 6.2 a1 , ¢ t � ¦ g x
� | � r � � D HXDy ^ z { | } ~ � � � - �¢ t � ¦ g x z { � : ,
HXDy ^ z { | } � 1 <} Q ¢ ] � � � � g J Ö k - � 5 D � � � 1 , / �
� cutoff rigidityQ � � x � � � � 1 D � � Q � �
� � � , � � � � � � � � Ú � � � � ¡ D ¢ D £¤ ¥ D Þ ß � ¦ § � ¨ Ç C Q 1 , Þ ß � � � D © ª« " # Q ¬ � ¨HXD
1 · ¹ ^ W ® ¯ � « ¡ ¬ � ¡° , ± ^ ² ³ ´ µ ¶ · 1 ¸ ¹ D � � , i � j � k D µ ¶ W ¬ º � « � Q , » � ¼ ½ ¾ À Â � Ã §
� , Ä Å Ç D � È É � � À ° ¡ [44] [94]¨
10 20 50 100 200 500Energy (keV)
10
10-3
-4Counts
/sec
/cm
2/k
eV
y 6.2 a: Non X-ray backgrounds, per unit effectivearea, of the HXD (PIN and GSO)[34] compared withthat of the BeppoSAX PDS.
◦ HXD § Ê Ë Í Î Ï Ð Ñ Ò [13] [48]Ó Ô Ô D M Ù � Ö × Ø � ¬ D Ã , Ó 3 Ù ¹ W µ Ú ÛD Ü Ý Þ � × È ß à D � ¸ � g ¦ § � ¨ g � h
JAXA� � Q , � � D � � Û � � À ° ¡ ¨Æ 1 , � ¡ HXD È ß à Q � � � ´ � D� � ¶ ` ¶ W � � g , � Ü � � Ò È ß à Q J � ��
� � � g ¦ § � ¨ � Ô ¦ D � ` ¶ W b c , £ ¤ ¥I � ¶ D � � , � É - � � W � � � � É � ß � D J
� , � ` ¶ W j � � ¬ º D Û � à � � � ¨ � �� Ù � W µ Ú Û 1 , � ß � ß Q 1 � Ü � � ¬ � ¨ �� 1 , È ß à � � � � � � - � ² W É � � � � � �
D , � � D � � É � ß � ! " k D $ & � , ® ¯ D () � Q Þ � - . / ª D M 0 2 3 ¦ , � � � 1 5 M0 È ß à ` ß - 7 � ¼ 8 9 : Q � Ü � � � ¨
� � 1 , È ß à � � ½ ¾ À ; < ± ^ ² ³ ´ µ ¶· D » > ? @ � A B C D Q � Ü � � � � ¦ § �
[44][94]
¨ � � Q E A F G H ¬ ± ^ ² ³ ´ µ ¶ · J � ² WÉ D L M A ½ ¾ < N O Q ; < T U � V ¶ W � � ¬
� È ß à � X � É Y L M A Z È É ± [ ² ³ ´ µ ¶ · Y] ^ _ ß É Y � Ü ¬ º A � ` ¬ a b à § d A 9: Y � ß � ß N f g h ¬ ? @ � i j k ¦ § � ¨
146 6.2. � � � � �
◦ � � � � � � � � � � [76]� � � � � " $ % & ( � * + , . / � � 0 1 2 32004
* 4 & 6 8 � : < & � = > @ � A � � � � �B(SWG) , � C E F H I J K � � 3 XRS & M N PQ , � C S T U � V W � � � X � � K � � ! Y � 2005*10 Z [ \ " � 2 3 SWG ] X _ � # � & a b c d
, e C 0 1 $ E % 3 ! ' ( & . / $ g h � � �2005*
10 Z 12–15 : 3 JAXA , , SWG S 1 c d � .i j ' 3 2006* l Z 4 " � , SWG m � , . / � o
p ( 700 1 $ E F � � � r 2 2
SWG _ � # � m �, 3 Y & + , t u j ' � S 4 � 5 , 6 7 8 w x $ 9
: � u ( ' � < 9 � y z 2 3 = > & { | , ~ o � �� � � � � 2
2006*
4 Z ? ( 3 � S � A � 1 � ,� h � 3 JAXA 3 6 _ � � NASA 3 < e % � �ESA
� � � U , E F j ' � . / � g h j ' � � r 2 9 D� U � . / � � $ F � , 3 . / 6 + $ � � � , � � �SWG 4 � 5 9 A � . / 4 � 5 9 3 t u % � * � �
� � � m � � x 2 � Q � 3 S � � , A . j ' � �
◦ HXD � � ¢ ¤ � � � ¥ ¦ § ¨ © � ª « [49] [64][93] [95] [98] [99]
HXD & ¬ � � J ® 2 3 ] ¯ ° ± ® � 6 7 ² ³ ´, ¬ � � J � � M N , µ ¶ 3 50 keV – 5 MeV & ·¸ ¹ º 3 » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ � w Á 3 Ã Ä Å Æ 6 3 Ç � � K
¾ È É Ê Ë � � � � � 3 WAM (Wide-Band All-SkyMonitor) M N � � : � � � 3 � > � 3 � � 3 · �� Ê Ë m L � º 3 WAM , e � . / � � � � �
2006* � Z 4 � º , 3 � º , 50 � � ! � » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ # wÁ ( $ � � 2 % & ' ( )
� ¯ ° � * , C 3 % & - ® 2Konus-Wind 3 � / & HETE-2 3 0 _ � � & Swift Ê
Ë & 2 É m � 3 � � M Î ¼ Á º $ � �
6.2.2 4 6 8 9 ; = > ? @ B D F HI � K 2
2005* L Z � � � M � � N � 3 O É P ÉQ
BD+30◦ 3639� . / � � � R S 2 Ð T U É W �
X & Ñ Y Ò Ó , Z � 3 [ \ � ] ° � ^ ^ _ ` a É ,Ô b Õ d " & 0 1 º 3 e � É f W ] ° g , h i � �R m º h k l W Ö � 3 n o B p q ½ W Ö y r S s Ut ¾ � ] u � � � . / & v z 3 w S � x t ¾ y z �
� ^ � � � M �CCD � _ p
( { T | u × & } ~ ) ,e C 3 a � � � � � b K & � � � � t ¾ � ¯ ° � �R m , y � � �
( � � � p # � � ) [33] [58]�
w � � Á � b K � � � � � m � � & � 2 3 � � �y � �90 � � � � � � � R S 2 É & � � � � \ & �
® º 34He →12C & ¡ ¢ £ º ¤ K S � � � W ¥ ¦
, e C � � � � \ & " ® , § © " $ K S É f m �* ] ° r S * � � v z m ª « º © � [4] [45] [43] [65][82]
� É ¬ ® º & � � £ y m ] ° & ® � W ¯ , ° ¶� ± ² Ê y z º[3] [29] [31]
I � & > ³ ´ µ & ] X® ¶ m Ê K �
[33] [108] [117]� 2 É & · " $ b K
[ * º & ¹ º » Ö ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ Ê � À Á º $ � �
6.2.3 Â Ä Æ @ Ç É Ê◦ Ë Ì Í � Î Ï � Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö ×
Ø Ù Ú K ¼ XMM-Newton
º Û Ü r S �12 Ý Þß à � � ß à � � � � � ² � T U t ¾ ] u � p q
½ , � � � p q ½ � Þ ¿ ¥ � � � Þ T U¶ � � � � � � r K ¿ ¥ � � � 2MASS � # � � Þ� � [ ¾ � # � b K É � ß à � Þ T U Þ � � ¶ �
� � � � � % Þ v � � � S Þ � º � ß à � ²� T U � p q ½ Þ � ¿ � � ¿ � © M � W � R
� � � � p q ½ � Þ ² � � ¼ � ² � T U � � �� � Ê � � � � � � � � � ^ R � � � � � �
[60][88] [107]
� � M ¿ !6.2 b Þ � # ¿ ß à ¼ � p q
½ � Þ � % � & � � ' ¿ ( � � * * + � � � RS ¼ ß à W ² � � � ß à � � � ¿ ] - � ^ ^ �� / 0 b 1 * 2 3 5 7 9 � Þ : ¿ ; < = > ? ¾ � R
� � A B � Ø Ù Ú Þ ¹ º D ³ ´ µ � F & �[32] GH � I M K � N � � ß à � Þ Û Ü M N O r S � G
Fornaxß à � ? ¼
CCD P Q p ¿ � � ¶ R Þ v � � p q T � Þ Fe, Si, S
F U ¿ � V � � ¼ � % [ ¿� W & * , % � p q T X ¿ � � T U � � � � �� � M ^ R � W Y Z r S �
[74] [87] G R S ¼ Ø Ù ÚÞ ¹ º ´ µ b K M A B r S � v � ?
II \ �Ia \ Þ] ^ _ Þ � ` a z W b X � c ¾ d R � � A B e � G
1e-05
1e-04
0.001
1 10 100
Rat
io
2D distance (kpc)
Iron-Mass to Light Ratio
!6.2 b: Iron-mass to light ratio profiles of 12 clusters
of galaxies [32]. The iron mass contained in the hotplasma within a given projected radius is divided bythe stellar mass within the same region.
◦ Ë Ì Í f Î Ï g Ë Ì Ó h j k lm n K ¼ H ß à W ß à � 2 3 5 7 9 � Þ : ¿ ; p K q ¼ r s e � ß à W ß à � � p q T � b K u v¦ w F x y � z 1 � v � � ª « � c � � G R Þ {| W } � 1 S ~
X � ¶ � ? � � � � d � à � Þ �� R (� à
) Þ � � % ¼ � � Þ b � � � M ¿ � � e� ¼ � ? � � G� � � ¼ � �
(z = 0.0183) Þ � � � � � � à � � z = 0.55 Þ CL 0016+1609
� à � ? � & � � ¿ �� � � � R Þ � � ¶ � � � � � d G � Þ � � � �
� � � � à � Þ � à ¶ � ¼ � � ¶ � ? � � � � d�
CL 0016+1609 Þ M Þ ¿ � V Y � ¿ � ' ¿ (� � c � � � � � � - � d
[61] G ¡ ¼ ¢ £ � µ ¤ ¥¦ § � © � � c ª H e ~ � K « ¬ P Q ® Þ ¯ N � °
� F U � ± � ª § ² � b ³ � ´ µ ? � � G
6. � � � � � 147
◦ � � � � � � � � � � � � ! #$ & � ' � ( � ) * + � , - . / 0 1 3 � ( 4 56 7 8 9 ' � ; < = ? @ A C D E 4 � ) * + G I JK L G M � N 3 1 P Q ( R S 7 8 � W X Y 7 [ ' \
] ^ E _ a Q ] b c � d 4 ' \ � ] ^ E BeppoSAXe f c � d 4 g I h i 6 j ; k l 0 n ^ 8 p [ � Wq P r _ Q t u b r 4 Fornax
' \ � i v ; w x '\ � � y S { 9 ( P | 4 CCD } ~ ) (XIS)
; ? @A C D � � (0.3–10 keV)
r 4 I h 6 j ] ^ ; � � 0� � 7 8 4 _ a Q ] b ; � � � � � r 3 9
[87] W � d� x ; ' \ � ] ^ E 4 _ Q t u b
HXDc � � g I h6 j ; � � 0 � � 7 8 � W P 8 � r
NGC 3376i v
� � ; ' \ � ] ^ 4 HXD-PINc � d � ] c g I h� � ; � � 0 n ^ 8 p [ � 0 4 � � � ) � � ;
� � � 0 � � � � � 8 p [ i [ 9 � 4 � � h r E i[ [75][89] W � � 4 � � { 9 � � � ) � � ; � �A � / [ p � n � � � D � � 5 � Q � P ( r 4 ! d
� � i � " � $ 3 9 [ W
6.2.4 % ' ) + - / 1 2 4 6 8 : ; =◦ > ? A � C D E � � � F G� H J � ^ E J ¡ K c N 3 M 3 4 � 9
JAXA;
N O ^ ( ¢ P { 4 Q R S T Q V W £ X Z � L f( [ ]^ V LMXB) ] ^ ; _ ¤ ¥ 6 j ; ¦ § a ¨ � 9
[39][27] [55] W S T b 0
Eddington c d c e f u g 4 6 jh c ! i k L 0 l © 7 8 4 ª X 9 k m n o c ! i pq r s t 3 v ^ 8 G M 7 8 V 4 g [ x ® a z { }
~ ~ a V W _ ¤ ¥ E 4 G M 7 8 9 k L c ! V g I h �= 6 j ] s } 8 � [ W � Q � u � c ! V � � ;LMXB; y S s � � ] 8 4 � D � 5 � a � � p [ V W
◦ � � � � � � � � �� £ X Z � L � c Q R S T 0 1 3 V g 4 ¤ ¥ � A� D g � i 4 ¯ ° � A Z c E k L � p � � � r
� � c ! V � ¥ 0 � 8 V W � H 4 ¡ ¢ 4 £ ¤ ^ E� ¦ � ¥ g ¢ P } 4 INTEGRALe �
[20]J
RXTEe �[10] [56] [57]
a / [ 4 [ u ~ ] ; ¤ ¦ � A � D§ � p � � � r � � ? @ A C D ; ¨ K © ª � a ¦§ } « W � � u � § E 4 ¯ s c ? @ A C D ¯ ° D A
; ± ± ² ³ §Her X-1
a[80] 4 � « ´ � � � D ¯ �} «
A0535+26a · ¸ ² ³ § y S }
[24] [81] 4 q 8¹ 8 36 keV g 45 keVc 4 � � z º a � ¼ ½ V P
g 0 § 3 «[30] [66] W A0535+26 E 4× 1035 erg s−1
g [ x w [ ¨ K � � « 0 4 � � ? @ A C D E 4 � ¾ c¨ K 0 � À s � ] � « g 3 S � 7 8 « Á g 4 10% ÂÃ § � Ä } Å [ « W Â $ ; Æ g ] ^ 4 � p � � �r � � ? @ A C D E 4 ¤ ¦ ¨ K c © ª V X Ç s q
x § � [ X Ç s a i 4 È � ³ � É Ê a Ë Ì Z § a V W◦ Í Î Ï Ð � � � � �Ñ Ò Ó Ô � A � D (
� M Ñ Ò V � Õ X ; Z � L�
)§ E 4 Ö × (
Õ X ) Ø (M K ) Ø ( Ù ; � p * )
cÚ Û V ? @ A C D ( Ü Ý ³ c ∼ 1018 eV) � § 4 K
L Þ G M 7 8 Å [ V Æ g Þ ß � 8 Å [ V W � � u �§ E 4 ] c � A � D ( � �33 msec � � 6.2 c) ¯ !
�PSR 1509 − 58 ( � �
150 msec)Þ y S � 8 4
[ � � § � � Þ � � § 3 « W � 4 £ ¤ 4 � ¦ ;� ¢ � E � ; � D � a / [ Å 4 HXD
; � � f � ��
(� � n 5 �
61μ sec)Þ ± } u � [ Å [ V Æ g a
� � } « W SN1987A§ E 4 � � V � � � Þ � � a
G I V Æ g § � � V I ³ � ¦ Þ � u � i ~ ~ � V[67] W � � D � } s � � � Å [ V W
folded at
33.58090 msec
60
80
100
Cou
nts/
sec
Pulse Phase0 0.5 1.51.0 2.0
� 6.2 c: Spin-folded light curves of the Crab pulsar,detected in the 20–50 keV band with the Suzaku HXD[48]. The signal includes unpulsed nebular emission.
◦ � � E � � � � � �� Õ X � � ] [ � E � $ & ; Ñ Ò Ó Ô � � D g� « Ù § � Õ X � K E Z � L � ; s ; ! i À Ö ¥w [ Þ � M K g � p * ; " E � Z � L � ; X Ç a $À Ö ¥ $ Ñ V X Ç Þ � V W ! � Å
TeV % � � § ; KL G M Þ � � � 8 V Þ � ' ( � ; y S ³ � � ) E *} , � « W � Æ § - . ; � ¢ � g 0 P } � � M
( � �33 1 )
§ 3 Ò V � Õ X � � ] [ �AE Aqr
a � � u � c ! i y S } « g Æ | � Q R S T c 5 x I ³
� � ¦ c G 6 � 33 1 ; � � § 7 8 � 8 « g I ³ � _� ¦ a � 9 � u g s ∼ 50 keV � § ; 6 V Æ g c <
= } � > ? a ¼ ½ V Æ g Þ § A « W◦ B C D F H � � I EJ K K s � - . � L M � ¥ g � N § � Q R S T
V O P Q R S T U . V a W X[6] [12] � [ Y ~ ,
U Z \ ] ^ s � � � «[110] [113] [115] W
� � Y � ` a i � Cyg X-1[69] [79] � GRO J1655-40[68] [78] � GRS 1915+105, 4U 1630-47 � ¥ U O
P Q R S T d � Þ e f � g � h H � j � U k l aW X « W [ v g s m T o q r ` � i � CCD t u P gHXD
a Ç ] v V Æ g ` a i � � 6.2 d U a x ` x y z T ` } Å $ À e Y ` ] « i � | d } h U ~ Q �
� � R � Þ � � g « W HXD§ j � �
keV � § �� § A Å [ V W Æ Æ , � � _ � ¦ � � U � - ¸ a ¥
x � X V , Þ � J � U � � § � V W◦ ULX � �
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[1] � � � 10 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2006�3 � 26 �
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[4] Murashima, M., Kokubun, M., Makishima, K.,Kotoku, J., Murakami, H., Matsushita, K., et al.:“Suzaku Reveals He-burning Products in the X-ray Emitting Planetary Nebula BD +30◦ 3639”,Astrophys. J. Lett., in press (2006)
[5] Young, A., Rudnick, L., Katz, D., DeLaney, T.,Kassim, N.E., & Makishima, K.: “Canonical Par-ticle Acceleration in FRI Radio Galaxies”, Astro-phys. J. 626, 748-766 (2005)
[6] Kubota, A., Ebisawa, K., Makishima, K., &Nakazawa, K.: “On the Temperature Profile ofRadiatively Efficient Geometrically Thin Disks inBlack Hole Binaries with the ASCA GIS § , Astro-phys. J. 631, 1062-1071 (2005)
[7] Isobe, N., Makishima, K., Tashiro, M., & Hong, S.:“The XMM-Newton Detection of Diffuse InverseCompton X-Rays from Lobes of the FR II RadioGalaxy 3C 98”, Astrophys. J. 632, 781-787 (2005)
[8] Ezoe, Y., Kokubun, M., Makishima, K., Seki-moto, Y., & Matsuzaki, K.: “Investigation of Dif-fuse Hard X-Ray Emission from the Massive Star-forming Region NGC 6334”, Astrophys.J. 638,860-877 (2006)
[9] Ueda, Y., Ishisaki, Y., Takahashi, T., Ohashi, T.,& Makishima, K.: “The ASCA Medium SensitivitySurvey (The GIS Catalog Project): Source CatalogII”, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 161, 185-223 (2005)
[10] Nakajima, M., Mihara, T., Makishima, K., &Niko, H.: “A Further Study of the Luminosity-Dependent Cyclotron Resonance Energies of theBinary X-ray Pulsar 4U 0115+63 with RXTE”,Astrophys. J., in press (2006) [astro-ph/0601491]
[11] Tanaka, T., Sugiho, M., Kubota, A., Makishima,K., & Takahashi, T.: “Spectral Evolution of a Lu-minous Compact X-Ray Source in NGC 253 withChandra and XMM-Newton Observatories”, Publ.Astr. Soc. Jp. 57, 507-511 (2005)
150 6.2. � � � �
[12] Abe,Y., Fukazawa,Y., Kubota,A., Kasama,D., &Makishima,K.: “Three Spectral States of the DiskX-Ray Emission of the Black-Hole Candidate 4U1630- 47”, Publ. Astr. Soc. Jp. 57, 629-641 (2005)
[13] Terada Y., Watanabe, S., Ohno, M., Suzuki, M.,Itoh, T., Takahashi, I., Sato, G., Murashima, M.,Kawano, N., Uchiyama, Y., Kubo, S., Takahashi,T., Tashiro, M., Kokubun, M., Makishima, K. etal.: “Development of a Monte Carlo Simulatorfor the Astro-E2 Hard X-ray Detector (HXD-II)”,IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 52, 902-909 (2005)
[14] Yanagida, T., Takahashi, H., Itoh, T., Kasama,D., Enoto, T., Sato, M., Hirakuri, S., Kokubun,M., Makishima, et al.: “Evaluation of Propertiesof YAG (Ce) Ceramic Ccintillators”, IEEE Trans.Nucl. Sci. 52, 1836-1841 (2005)
[15] Miyawaki, R., Niko, H., Okada, Y., Kokubun, M.,Makishima, K., Negoro, H., Kotoku, J., Terada,Y. al.: “High Resolution Fourier Synthesis HardX-Ray Imaging Based on CdTe Strip Detectors”,IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 52, 2052-2057 (2005)
[16] Tajima, H., Kamae, T., Madejski, G., Mitani, T.,Nakazawa, K., Tanaka, T., Takahashi, T., Watan-abe, S., Fukazawa, Y., Ikagawa, T., Kataoka, J.,Kokubun, M., Makishima, K., Terada et al.: “De-sign and Performance of the Soft Gamma-Ray De-tector for the NeXT Mission”, IEEE Trans. Nucl.Sci. 52, 2749-2757 (2005)
[17] Ohno, M., Fukazawa, Y., Yamaoka, K., Kokubun,M., Terada, Y., et al.: “Preflight Calibration andPerformance of the Astro-E2/HXD-II Wide-BandAll-Sky Monitor”, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 52,2758-2764 (2005)
[18] Yamaoka,K., Ohno,M., Terada,Y., Hong,S., Ko-toku,J., Okada,Y., Tsutsui,A., Endo,Y., Abe, K.,Fukazawa, Y., Hirakuri, S., Hiruta, T., Itoh, K.,Itoh, T., Kamae, T., Kawaharada, M., Kawano,N., Kawashima, K., Kishishita, T., Kitaguchi, T.,Kokubun, M., et al.: “Development of the HXD-IIWide-Band All-Sky Monitor onboard Astro-E2”,IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 52, 2765-2772 (2005)
[19] Hong, S., Yamaoka, K., Terada, Y., Ohno, M.,Tsutsui, A., Endo, Y., Kotoku, J., Okada, Y.,Mori, M., Fukazawa, Y., Kamae, T., Kokubun, M.,Makishima, K. et al.: “Performance of GRB Moni-tor with Astro-E2 Hard X-ray Detector (HXD-II)”Nuovo Cim. 28C, 821-824 (2005)
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[20] Okada, Y., Niko, H., Kokubun, M., Makishima,K. et al.: “A search for Cyclotron Resonance Fea-tures with INTEGRAL”, Proc. 5th INTEGRALWorkshop:“The INTEGRAL Universe” (eds. V.Schonfelder, G. Lichti & C. Winkler), p.467 (2005)
[21] Itoh, T., Kokubun, M., Takashima, T., Yanagida,T., Hirakuri, S., Miyawaki, R., Takahashi, H.,
Makishima, K., et al.: “R&D of a New 1-Dimensional Gamma-Ray Position Sensor UsingScintillators Coupled to a Si Strip Detector”, IEEENucl. Sci. Symp. Conf. Record 1, 186-190 (2005)
[22] Takahashi, H., Yanagida, T., Kasama, D., Itoh, T.,Kokubun, M., Makishima, K., et al.: “The Tem-perature Dependence of Gamma-Ray Responses ofYAG:Ce Ceramic Scintillators”, ibid, 3, 1337-1340
[23] Yanagida,T., Takahashi,H., Itoh,T., Kokubun,M.,Makishima, K., et al.: “Evaluation of Basic Prop-erties of Ce-Nd Codoping YAG (Ce) Ceramic Scin-tillators”, Proc. Radiation Detectors & Their Uses(eds. S. Sasaki, T. Shibata, T. Sanami, H. Taka-hashi, & M. Nakazawa), 19, 251-260 (2005)
[24] Inoue, H., Kunieda, H., White, N., Kelley, R., Mi-hara, T., Terada, Y., Takahashi, H., Kokubun, M.,Makishima, K., & The Suzaku Team: “SuzakuDetection of Cyclotron Line near 50 keV forA0535+26 � , Astronomer � s Telegram, #613 (2005)
[25] Yanagida, T., Ezoe, Y., Kawaharada, M.,Kokubun, M., & Makishima, K.: “Large X-rayFlares from B-type Stars, HD 261902 and HD47777, in NGC 2264 Observed with Chandra”,Proc, Int’l Conf. on Active OB stars (eds. S. Stefl,S. Owocki, & A. Okazaki), in press (2006)
[26] Yanagida, T., Ezoe, Y., Kawaharada, M.,Kokubun, M., & Makishima, K.: “Chandra Ob-servations of OB stars in the Cygnus OB2 Associ-ation”, ibid.
[27] Takahashi, H., & Makishima, K.: “X-ray Studyof Mass-Accretion Flows onto Weakly-MagnetizedNeutron Stars”, Proc. Conference “The X-ray Uni-verse 2005”, p.304 (2006)
[28] Miyawaki, R., Sugiho, M., Kubota, A., Mak-ishima, K., Namiki, M., Tanaka, T., & Tsunoda,N.: “Spectral Study of Ultra-Luminous CompactX-ray Sources with XMM-Newton and Chandra”,ibid., p.433
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[29] � � � � � � � ! � � � � � � � # $ � % & ' �� ( * � , - � . � 0 ( . 2 3 4 6 8 : ; = > ? A
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[32] Kawaharada, Madoka “X-ray Study on the Spa-tial Distribution of Heavy Elements in Hot Plas-mas Associated with Clusters of Galaxies”, ' © �
§ ¨ �
6. � � � � � 151
[33] Murashima, Mio � “X-ray Study of Planetary Neb-ulae”, � � � � � ( � � � � � )
[34] � � � � � � � � � � � ! " # % & ( ) * + , � - � � . / � � � � �
[35] 0 � � � � � � 2 � 3 � 5 7 � 9 : ; � 2 � ! < # =2 > $ & ? ( 5 # ( ) * + , * C . / � � � � �� , - . / �
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[36] Makishima, K.: “A New X-ray Window to beOpened with Astro-E2”, 6 7 � � � E ( 6 7 9 :
H � , 2005 June 2)
1 � ; 4 5
[37] Yanagida, T., Ezoe, Y., Kawaharada, M.,Kokubun, M., & Makishima, K.: “Large X-rayflares from B-type stars, HD 261902 and HD 47777,in NGC 2264 observed with Chandra”, Int’l Conf.on Active OB stars (Hokkai-Gakuen Univ., Sap-poro; 2005 Aug. 29-Sept. 2)
[38] Yanagida, T., Ezoe, Y., Kawaharada, M.,Kokubun, M., & Makishima, K.: “Chandra Ob-servations of OB Stars in the Cygnus OB2 associ-ation”, ibid
[39] Takahashi, H., & Makishima, K.: “X-ray Studyof Mass-Accretion Flows onto Weakly-MagnetizedNeutron Stars”, “The X-ray Universe 2005” Con-ference (San Lorenzo del Escorial, Spain; 2005September)
[40] Miyawaki, R., Sugiho, M., Kubota, A., Mak-ishima, K., Namiki, M., Tanaka, T., & Tsunoda,N.: “Spectral Study of Ultra-Luminous CompactX-ray Sources with XMM-Newton and Chandra”,ibid.
[41] Itoh, T., Kokubun, M., Takashima, T., Yanagida,T., Hirakuri, S., Miyawaki, R., Takahashi, H.,Makishima, K., Tanaka, T., Nakazawa, K., Taka-hashi, T., Honda, T.: “R&D of a New 1-Dimensional < -Ray Position Sensor Using Scintil-lators Coupled to a Si Strip Detector”, IEEE Nucl.Sci. Symp. (Puerto Rico; 2005 Oct. 25)
[42] Yanagida, T., Ezoe, Y., Kawaharada, M.,Kokubun, M., & Makishima, K.: “X-ray Flaresfrom Young Intermediate Mass Stars in NGC2264Observed with Chandra”, Protostars and PlanetsV) (Waikoloa Village, Hawaii; 2005 Oct. 24-28)
[43] Makishima, K., Murashima, M., Kokubun, M.,Murakami, H., Hayashida, K., Matsushita, K., Ko-toku, J., Arnaud, K., & Hamaguchi, K.: “TheSuzaku PV observation of the Planetary NebulaBD+30 = 3639”, Suzaku Science Working GroupMeeting (ISAS/JAXA; 2006 Feb. 20)
[44] Kokubun, M., Ishisaki, Y., Ogasaka, Y., Anabuki,N., Porter, F., & Takahashi, T.: “Suzaku Obser-vation of the Lockman Hole”, ibid.
[45] Kokubun, M., Murashima, M., Makishima, K.,Matsushita, K., Kotoku, J., Murakami, H., etal. “Suzaku Detection of a Highly Carbon En-riched Plasma in BD +30◦3639”, IAU SymposiumNo.234: Planetary Nebulae in our Galaxy and Be-yond (Waikoloa, Hawaii; 2006 April 3-7)
( D J E F )
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1 ^ 20 � ,Z [ ] � � ` _ ` a 7 a b b 9 d V e c : 9 , d e . /12aSC-6
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o p HXD-II 7 9 q y � Astro-E2 � ! % X ( ) * +(HXD-II) , r s I . / 15aSA-11
[48] V W X Y / f g h h / D P f g / [ \ � X / [ \ i j /W i j / 9 k l l / m n � o / n p q r / s t v w /
o p it Astro-E2 � ! HXD-II 7 9 q y � Astro-E2� ! % X ( ) * +
(HXD-II) , r s II y � � � < � 9� � 5 & � ] b v � � . / 15aSA-12
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j / W i j / V W X Y / 9 k l l / m n � o / n pq r / s t v w � Astro-E2 � ! HXD-II 7 9 q y
� Astro-E2 � ! % X ( ) * +(HXD-II) , r s III y� � � � e c : (WAM) x . � 15aSA-13
[50] � y � � D P f g � I � � 0 � � W � � � 0 � � � �s t v w � [ t � � W 9 � � � [ \ � X � � � � � y
� � � � 5 7 � 9 : ; Si ¡ ¢ £ > $ & ? ¤ ¥ < ( �§ ) * + , ¨ © * C (2) ª � 19aYA-9
[51] � W � � � [ \ i j � � y � � 0 � � � � D P f g �s t v w � � { [ « � ¬ | g � ® W ¯ S � � ° �� y ³ [ ´ µ m > ¶ · ¹ ? º � » � � � YAG:Ce � 5¼ � ½ : , * C ª � 19aYA-10
[52] Hirakuri, S., Kokubun, M., Itoh, T., Yanagida,T., Miyawaki, R., Makishima, K., Kubo, S., & .Honda, T.: “R&D of a Low Background CosmicHard X-ray Imager with a Position Sensitive PMTand an Active Coded Mask”, KD.00011
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Cep X-4 Ì � H Þ � b � �� � � Ì � � ª H10a
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[59] : 8 < = � > : ; � = � ? � 8 A � , . 0 1 � � � �� � � Chandra 3 5 � . 6 B � � 5 B C E C
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[61] G H J K � ? � 8 A � , . 0 1 � � � � � � � ^ _ `c d f g � i � ^ _ � j k l m X Y . Z � a " II ) �T11b
[62] L M � D � G H J K � ? � 8 A � o p q � , . 01 � � � � � � � Abell 1795 r � ^ _ ` � T s t u �v N � � w x y z � { | ) � T19a
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[67] Hasinger, G., j M Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ç � 8 � � Ç ` a bË Ç Ì Í Î Ç Bauer, M. Ç Y Ï ½ = À � e ® ¯ ) �. 6 Ð Ñ 5 Ò Ó SN1987A � 8 9 ) Ç P5-37
[68] o p q Ç Õ M Ö Ç , . 0 1 Ç × Ø 8 Ù Ú Ç � Û �J Ç O Ü Ý Þ Ç ² 8 ß à Ç B � à ; Ç o p � � � 3 À
� e ® ¯ � � . 6GRO J1655-40 � 8 9 � Ç P5-45
[69] × Ø 8 Ù Ú Ç � � � � Ç , � Ç � ? * Ç � �Ü ] Ç , . 0 1 Ç Õ M Ö Ç o p q Ç » ¼ ½ ¾ � 3 À
� e ® ¯ � � . 6Cyg X-1 � 8 9 � Ç P5-46
[70] � � � Ç × Ø 8 Ù Ú Ç , . 0 1 Ç o p q Ç » ¼ ½¾ Ç � � � Ç � � � � Ç � � Ü ] À � e ® ¯ � � . 6� � � ^ _
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[72] � � × � Ç � ? � Ç O Ü Ý Þ Ç � � � Ç Õ M Ö �3 À � ! ® ¯ � � . # $ & ( Â ) + - Ä ^ _ � � � � ÇP5-49
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� . # : ; ^ _ < 3 5 � � = > 6 7 � � � � Ç P5-50
[74] P Q R � Ç O Ü Ý Þ Ç @ A B Ç C 8 D Ç } E F N Ç� G H � Ç � p J K Ç G H J K Ç L M � Í À � ! ®
¯ � � . # Fornax^ _ ` � � � � Ç P5-51
[75] O Ü Ý Þ Ç P Q R � Ç C 8 D Ç ? M D Ç G H JK Ç , . 0 1 Ç L M � Í Ç } E F N Ç » ¼ ½ ¾ À � !® ¯ � � . # ^ _ N P ^ _ ` 3 5 � � = > � � � � ÇP5-52
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[78] o p n q Ç Õ M Ö Ç o p q r Ç × Ø 8 Ù Ú Ç � Û � J� 3 � ! ® ¯ � ^ - � À � ! ® ¯ ` s t � . # u v xy z - { | t }
GRO J1655-40 � � � � Ç J01a
[79] × Ø 8 Ù Ú Ç � � � � Ç , � Ç � ? * Ç � � Ü~ Ç Sachindranatha Naik Ç o p q r Ç Õ M Ö Ç op n q Ç » ¼ ½ ¾ Ç � � � � 3 À � ! ® ¯ ` s t �
. # Cygnus X-1 � � � � Ç J08b
[80] � � V � Ç � 8 � � Ç ¹ � º n Ç » ¼ ½ ¾ Ç o p q r Ço p n q Ç � @ � � Ç Naik, Sachindra � 3 À � ! ®
¯ s t � . # X > � { � - Her X-1 � � � � Ç J39a
[81] � M � � Ç G � � Î Ç ¹ � º n Ç � 8 � � Ç o p nq Ç � @ � � Ç » ¼ ½ ¾ � 3 À �
Suzakus t � . #
X > � { � - A0535+26 � � � � Ç J43b
[82] # ¼ $ & Ç o p q r Ç » ¼ ½ ¾ Ç ( * , ½ Ç # ² n³ Ç P Q R � Ç � 8 � À � ! ® ¯ ` � . # / t 0 t 1BD +30◦ 3639 � U V µ C ¶ � � ¸ � Ç N23a
[83] � 8 � � Ç � 8 � � Ç È É Ê Ç � � Ü ~ Ç # ² n ³ Ç� 8 � F Ç Õ M � � Ç � � à ; Ç o p � � Ç 6 Û 7 Ço p q r � 3 � ! ® ¯ � ^ - � À � ! ® ¯ ` � . # ^
_ } � Sgr A E � 3 5 � � X > 6 7 � � � � Ç Q24a
[84] � � à ; Ç } E F N Ç 8 # Ö ½ Ç / 0 Ï Ç o p � � Ç# ² n ³ Ç � 8 � � Ç � 8 � � Ç o p q r Ç O Ü Ý Þ Ç� � 1 Î À � ! ® ¯ ` s t � . # ^ _ } � Ç \ . ]^ _ � 3 5 � � = > 6 7 � � � � Ç Q25b
[85] 8 # Ö ½ Ç # ² n ³ Ç � � à ; Ç o p q r Ç � � 1Î À � ! ® ¯ ` s t � . # Sgr B2 E � 3 5 � � X> 6 7 � ~ � � Ç Q26b
[86] Õ M Ö Ç o p n q Ç o p q r Ç » ¼ ½ ¾ Ç � � × � Ç� � � � 3 À � ! ® ¯ ` s t � . # 2 & (  ) + -Ä ^ _
NGC 4945 � � � � Ç S12a
[87] P Q R � � � p J K � � � � O Ü Ý Þ � @ A B � �G H � � } E F N � 8 # J � � C 8 D � � � � �� 8 � � � G H J K � L M Í � » ¼ ½ ¾ À � ! ® ¯
s t � . # Fornax ¡ ^ _ ` � � � � � T01a
[88] ? ¢ 8 A Ç G H J K Ç » ¼ ½ ¾ À � ^ _ ` £ v ¤ ¥ }� T U V � X Y p Z � Ç T07a
[89] } E F N Ç O Ü Ý Þ Ç » ¼ ½ ¾ Ç o p q r Ç C 8 D Ç? M D Ç P Q R Ç G H J K Ç � � � À � ! ® ¯ `s t � . # ^ _ ` � � X > 6 7 � ] ¨ � Ç T13b
[90] } E F N Ç © ª ~ « Ç × Ø 8 Ù Ú Ç o p q r Ç o p �� Ç o p n q Ç 8 ¬ Ç � ? � Ç � 8 � � Ç ® ¯ � �
� 3 HXD-II^ - � À � ! ® ¯ ` s t ° ± � � X >
{ � � HXD ² { � � � � 0 � Ç W51a
6. � � � � � 153
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# � � + , - HXD ! / 0 1 " 2 3 $ % & '
PIN (4 * + - 5 6 7 / 0 1 9 3 : 4 6 8 : ; < ; � W52a
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, - HXD ! / 0 1 " 2 3 $ % & ' K X J 5 6 7
HXD / K M - M N ; � W53a
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; � W54a
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! / 0 1 W " 2 3 X K X J 5 67 (HXD) / _ s t u v ` - w y z / Z a ; � W55b
[95] { | a + � H F G H � b [ \ ] � b O d ] � A B C m �< } > ? � O C D � ~ � � � � � ! " # � � � � � �� } e � � � � o � { | � � � � O � � � � P � �� � � � � U HXD
� � 0 1 W " 2 3 X Z [ \ ] ^ _` � (WAM) / � s t u v � - w � � ; � W56b
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U 1 " 2 3 ;HXD
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J � � � HXD ¢ � A / � a ; � 28aTF-1
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HXD � � 0
1 W " 2 3 X $ % & ' X J � � ¢ � A / 0 1 9
3 � ; � 28aTF-2
[98] � B � m � O C D � � O � � � � P � � R S � T � Q RO S T � � � � � � U 1 " 2 3 ;
HXD � � 0 1 W "2 3 X $ % & '
X J � � Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` � A� HXD-II/WAM / � a (I)
; � 28aTF-3
[99] H � G � � b [ \ ] � { | a + � � B � m � O " ] �� O � � � � P � � O C D � U 1 " 2 3 ;
HXD �
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` � A � HXD-II/WAM / � a (II); � 28aTF-4
[100] # O � j � # � � $ � { | Q � � ~ � � � � k } � �� � � � � � � � � � & � ' � ( P ) � * O + , 0 1 .
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� b / c[104] # O e \ Q { | Q � Q ] } e Q # � � $ Q � � � � Q ;
< = > � U A 1 i j k l 1 3 4 - 6 � � YAG(Ce,Nd)/ ¤ 8 ; < m Q � � o / � � � � � q / ¯ ° � Q 9p-ZH-6 ( r < H � s 2005 � 9
±9 � )
[105] � ! " # A v ² J $ % x " y { X E ² J � � m Q| ~ �21 � � COE “QUESTS” � � � � 4 - � �
� �( ³ � ´ � ¨ Q 2005 � 11
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21 � � COE “QUESTS” �� � � 4 - � � � �
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4� � � �
· P � � ( � � H � Q 2006 � 3±
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4� � � � · P � � ( � � )
[109] # O e \ Q { | Q � Q ] } e Q � � � $ Q ~� � � Q � } ¥ Q � � � � Q ; < = > � U A
v (YGd)3Al5O12(Ce) § v � s t 4 - 6 � � � £ ¤« U 6 7 8 ¤ 8 ; < m � ¦ o / � � � � � � � ¯ °� ¹ 24a-M-11 ( § ¨ © H s 2006 � 3
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( § � « � Q ¯ ° � Q ¬ � )
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[111] # O e \ Q S Â Ã = Ä Q P µ O � Q Å Æ Ç È Q ; <= > A v Ì Í - w Î Ï Ð U Ñ Ò Ó º OB2 F Ô 4 Õ �
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{ � s 2005 ¾ 11 ¿ 6 À )
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[115] ; < = > A v � » Ï Ð � � Ñ Î � � � � � m Q �� � a M |21
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[117] 8 < � , A v x � y { : U Ñ ; Ð = Ð > � @ B ×Ø m Q C � D º » � » E � � � � - F G ½ � « �
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[118] < = > A v I � J à � K ° ± � K � � m Q � - = Ú ¼O Û Ü Ý ( � - � 7 s 2006 ¾ 4 ¿ 22 À )