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Î .¤Ï/бx��:1~%Jrxz�:y�%'y,��(�3B1~�:3e È�ÉoÊ�Ë�Ì�ÌÔÍÎÉjÏ�Ð'Ï<ÑPÏ>ÒHÓuD�I'AQNÔ=KOPCVA N�9HÂPÂ_6U}Õ4֮ѮÑÙÍÎ×~Ø~Ñ®ÑPË�Ó§D�I'A:NÔ=>O_CHAO_`kI:`m6)U�=>C�UJ6�=>6�;K?@OPAQ6�=>f'6�;K6�ÂÃ9~=KOPCVAQ`>f'OP8�CHD7=cÄTC�8:CVOPAB=�`kOPA`m6)9<;�N�fJhj`>8Q9VN�6@9<AQU/OÃ`�IQ`>6U�OPA/=Kf'6�UJ6)N�OÃ`mO_CHA�8';KCJN�6)`>`�CHD�?�OPhSH;�9~=>O_CHA³9<A:U³?�6;>SV6�Û�;KI'ÂP6MÞ�9<AQU�ìGD�;KCH?w9<À�C~^H6)á�W�!j=�OÃ`�UJ6�ÁQA'6UÀBbd=>f'6³D�CVÂPÂ_C~Ä�OPAQS@9HÂPSVCH;KOa=Kf'?�W�{xz���®t � %'���z3B��Ñ�¢¤ÒV£#¢6Ó2£�&)%'(�|���34&8ÔÏ�. Õ�¢ÆÖ?×�Ø ¯ êÙÕ�¢ÆÖ�Û æ ¢Æl�ÖAÚVÛ8ÛBÛn¢¤Ò2áÔè æ ¢Æl�ÖAÚ8Û8ÛBÛn¢6ÓÔá>áÜ . D�CH; â ê�Þ�=>Cd`K9<?@8'Â_6`W ÂP6A'S<=KfÎ . ET9<ÂÃN�I'ÂÃ9~=K6�8�CHO_AB=[¢ÆØÞÝ ¯ ;�9 Øàß 9 CVA�=Kf'6�ÂPO_A'6�À:6�=cÄG66�A=>f'6�8�CHO_AB=K`~¢¤Ò�9HAQU/¢6Ó<W�ÛzL466�À�6�Â_C~Ä�Wïáá . OaD�ÛnÕq¢ÆÖ ×�Ø ¯Lâ æ ¢Æl�ÖAÚVÛ8ÛVÛ�¢ Ø'Ý ¯ ;69 Øàß 9ámáã . ;>6�=>I';KA¯Û�Õ�¢ÆÖ ×�Ø ¯ í æ ¢Æl�ÖAÚ8Û8ÛBÛn¢ ØÞÝ ¯ ;�9 ØÞß 9�á>áä . 6�AQU�D�CV;åX. ;>6�=>I';KA�[¾¿f'6�D�IQAQNÔ=KOPCVA�;K6�=>IQ;>AQ`�[�OPD�=Kf'6�Á'=>A'6)`>`�C<D�9<Â_ÂF=Kf'6�O_AB=>6;>O_CH;8:CVOPAB=K`M9<;K6�SV;>6)9~=K6�;T=>fQ9HA�=Kf'6�?@O_A'OP?k9HÂ�Á'=>AQ6`K`¿C<D�¢ Ò 9<AQUq¢ Ó \C<=>fQ6�;KÄ�O_`>6�Oa={;>6�=>I';KAQ`�=Kf'6FUJO'"�6�;K6�AQN�6�À:6�=cÄG66�A³=Kf'6�ÁQ;�`c=�D�CHI'AQUOPAB=>6;>O_CH;F8:CVOPAB=T9HAQU�=>fQ6M?@OPAQOP?k9<Â:Á'=KA'6`K`�CHDY¢ Ò 9<AQU,¢ Ó W�$�OP=>f=>f'OÃ`�D�IQAQNÔ=KOPCVAd=>fQ679<Â_SHCV;>OP=>fQ?ªOÃ`G9HÀ'ÂP6M=>C�U'6�=>6;>?@O_A'6MÄ�fQ6�=>fQ6�;=>f'6;>6�O_`@9æ+m^~9<Â_Â_6�bC-�O_A�=Kf'6�Á'=>AQ6`K`�ÂÃ9<A:U'`>N9<8�6�À�6�=cÄT6�6Ah¢ Ò9<AQU/¢�Ó~WFL46�67ÁQSHIQ;>67Z�D�CV;¿9HA�6�ãJ9H?@8'ÂP6�C<D�=>f'6�Þ�hÎUJO_?�6AQ`>OPCVAQ9<ÂÕ4֮ѮÑÙÍÎ×~Ø~Ñ®ÑPË�Ó�D�I'AQNÔ=KOPCVAXW

Page 4: 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 2 1 0 -2 -1 0 1 2 -2rkursem.com/publications/RKU_CEC1999_multinational.pdf · 2013-09-02 · 8q9= etó'wïìháÔ\ =>;kop6)` =>c uj6)9f/À

Fitness calculated in some points

Policy of population

Old population (source) New population (Destination)

Migrating individual

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eMU'UJOP=>O_CHA:9<Â{U'6�=K9HOPÂÃ`M9HAQU�OÃUJ69V`�D�CH;7OP?@8';KC~^H6?@6�AB=MN�9HA�À:6D�CHI'AQU�OPA�Ûz]�;�`m6? ÞßVßHß<á�WM¾¿f'6�6�ã48�6�;KO_?�6AB=K`MN�CH?@8Q9H;>6)`¿=cÄGC^H6�;�`>OPCVAX\HÄT6�O_SHfB=>6)Ud9<A:UkAQ9~=KOPCVAQ9<Â�`>6�Â_6NÔ=KOPCVAX\BC<DX=Kf'6M?�I'Âa=KOPA:9~h=>O_CHAQ9HÂ�ÅGe­Ä�OP=>f�`m=K9HAQU'9<;�U�\4`mf:9<;KOPA'S�9<AQU@=�9<SVSHO_A'S�ÅFe7`�W�¾¿f'68:6)9<lJ`�C<D�=Kf'6�D�I'AQN�=>O_CHAQ`G9<;K6�l4A'C~Ä�AX\V`>C�ÄT6M9<;K6�9<À'Â_6¿=>C�N�CH?�h8Q9<;K679VN�f'OP6^H6)U@;>6)`mI'ÂP=K`GÄ�OP=>f�CH8J=KOP?k9<Â�;K6`>I'Âa=�`�W�eMÂPÂ�8';KCHÀ'Â_6�?k`9<;K6k?@9<ãJOP?@O_ä9~=KOPCVA+8Q;>CVÀ'ÂP6?k`�W�ÅF9HN�f¯D�I'A:NÔ=>O_CHA�OÃ`\�D�CV;�69VN�f?�6�=>f'CJU�\'=>6`m=>6)U�CHA¯Þ[H[�;KI'AQ`Wб34%'&*{1~x�y,�¯1234&)*{��r&L4OPA:N�6³=>fQ6�8';>O_?k9<;KbkSHCB9<Â�OÃ`T=>C@ÁQAQU�?@CH;K6³8:6)9<lJ`T=>fQ6³D�CHÂ_ÂPC~Ä¿hOPA'S¯D�I'A:NÔ=>O_CHA�OÃ`@IQ`>6U�9H`k9HA�O_AQUJOÃN�9<=>O_CHA�C<D7fQC~Ä SHC4CJU�=>f'68:CV8'I'ÂÃ9~=>O_CHA�O_`W�� Ú8óC��OÃ`�=Kf'6�`>6�=�C<D�8�CHO_AB=K`�OPA�j¦Ä�f'6;>6�=>f'6Á'=>A'6)`>`�fQ9H`�9�SHÂ_CHÀ:9<Â�CH;�Â_CJN�9<Â�CV8J=>O_?k9'W

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ü�ý�'�� � / ú,0Hýjú��2143�5 � 3�6 �7�8������! #"%$9� ��);: & 1 � õè�<'>=¡�%� � �U�6�VùKø���õ�Îù9<AQU@?�OÃ`�=Kf'6MÅFIQN�Â_O_U'69<AkUJOÃ`m=K9<A:N�6�D�I'A:NÔ=>O_CHA�WA�CBLü�9HN�=K`�9V`�9<A+>N�;KC~Ä�U�N�CVI'AB=>6�;<-@D�CV;78�69Hls mWv!j=³N�CHIQAV=�`MfQC~Ä�?k9HABb�CHD�=>f'6OPAQU'OP^4OÃUJIQ9<ÂÃ`�9<;K6�N�ÂPCB`m6;�=>fQ9HA¯[QW ìd=>C�8:6)9<l� mWE!j=�`m=K9<;>=K`³9<=³[9<AQU�OPAQN�;>6)9H`>6`FÀBb�Þ7D�CH;T8�69<l1 {6�^V6�;Kb�=>O_?�6³9<A�OPA:UJOP^4OÃUJIQ9HÂ�OÃ`ÂP6)`>`T=KfQ9<A�['Wïì�D�;>CV?§8:6)9<l/ mW�¾¿f'O_`TD�IQAQNÔ=KOPCVA�f:9H`TOa=�`�?k9~ãJO_?@9Ä�f'6�A�=>f'6�OPA:UJOP^4OÃUJIQ9HÂ_`¿9<;K6�I'AQOaD�CV;>?@Â_bdN�;KC~Ä�UJ6U@A'6)9<;¿9<Â_Â�=>f'68:6)9<lJ`�W�¾¿f'6M[QîPÞ)[�òà�,Ûnlmá�DFE%� Ú8óC�<EG6�ãJ8';K6`K`m6)`�=>f:9~=FÄT6�Ä¿9<AB=F9~=ÂP6)9H`m=�Þ[HG§CHD�=>f'6�Ä�f'CHÂ_6�8�CH8QI'Â_9<=>O_CHA�AQ69<;M=>f'6�8:6)9<lJ`W7¾¿f'6=>C<=�9<ÂT`>N�CH;K6�OÃ`�=Kf4IQ`�9�Â_C<=�À'OPSVSH6;�Ä�f'6�A�ÄT6�N�;>CB`>`�=Kf'6�Þ)[IGÀQ9<;K;>O_6�;�D�CH;�=Kf'6�8�69Hl�\�9HAQU�B:9<=m=K6�AQ`�Ä�f'6�A�?k9HABb/9<;K6dA'6)9<;Oa=)WFL4OPA:N�6�=>f'6³^~9<Â_I'6)`�9<;K679HUQUJ6U�D�CH;�9�8:6)9<l@=Kf'6³8:CV8'I'ÂÃ9~=>O_CHAÄ�Oa=Kf�6UDBIQ9HÂPÂ_b�?k9<A4b�OPA:UJOP^4OÃUJIQ9HÂ_`79~=76)9HN�f�C<D�=Kf'6�8�69Hl4`MÄ�OPÂ_ÂfQ92^H6³=Kf'6�ÂÃ9<;KSH6)`c=7`KN�CV;>6VW�Ç'CH;M=>f'6�`mO_A'SVÂP6�8�69Hl�8';>CVÀ'Â_6�? =>f'6SH;�9<8'f�Ä�Oa=Kf�Þ[H[�O_AQUJO_^BOÃUJIQ9HÂ_`¿OÃ`�`>f'C~Ä�A�OPA�ÁQSHIQ;>6�YJW

No of individuals near the peak0

7.87

10

7.08

20

6.30

30

5.51

40

4.72

50

3.93

60

3.15

70

2.36

80

1.57

90

0.78

100

0.00

Score

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FON ×�Ò�N­Ð'Ë�ØUT~̸Q�ÏV\JÊYP�å+¾¿f'6�92^V6�;�9<SV6�A4I'?�À:6;dC<D�8�69<lJ`D�CHI'AQUXWF¾¿f'OÃ`¿O_`�N9<ÂÃN�I'ÂÃ9~=K6U�9~=¿=>fQ6�6�AQU�C<D�9@;>IQAXW

FON ×�Ò�N�Ì�K�ÏVM>ËVåG¾¿fQ6�92^H6;K9HSH67`KN�CV;>6�Ä�fQ6�A�=>f'6�ABIQ?�À�6�;�CHDSH6�AQ6�;�9~=>O_CHA:`�9<;K6�N�CV?@8'ÂP6�=>6)U�W�¾¿f'OÃ`MOÃ`M9HÂ_`>Ck8'OÃNÔ=>IQ;>6)U�OPA=>f'6�SV;K9H8'fXW

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FON ×�Ò�N³Ì�K�ÏVM>Ë�P§Ï6Q�ÏKÐ�É�N_忾¿f'6�92^H6;K9HSH6³`>N�CH;K6³=>O_?�6)`�Þ[V['\UJOP^4OÃUJ6U�À4bd=Kf'6�CH8'=>O_?@9HÂX`>N�CH;K6HW

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F e ^~9<Â_I'6�C<D�[IG D�CH; +Ke�Â_Â�8�69<lJ`@D�CVI'AQUVG­-�UJC46`dA'C<=?�6)9<Ak=KfQ9~=G=>f'67?@6�=>fQC4UkD�9<O_ÂP6)UkN�CH?@8'Â_6�=K6�Â_bHW�!j=GCVA'Â_b�O_AJhUJO_N9~=K6`�=>f:9~=³=>f'6@?@6�=Kf'CJU/UJO_U+A'CH=�Á:AQU/9<Â_Â{=Kf'6k8�69<lJ`OPA�9<A4b�;KI'AXWdY�D�CHIQAQU¯8:6)9<lJ`³C<D�ó�UJC46`>AA@ =�N�CHI'AB=�9H`³9`mIQNN�6)`>`mD�I'ÂX;KI'AXW

−0.9

1.2

−0.69

0.95

−0.48

0.72

−0.26

0.48

−0.05

0.23

0.15

0.0

0.36

−0.24

0.57

−0.48

0.78

−0.72

0.99

−0.96

1.2

−1.2

ô�õÙö÷Vøcù;WHûKX�}Ùù:z�øTõ���Hõ�:z��cõ���k�U���6�Bù�|Jù:z�L%�< �ý8Y�ý����?��ú:�U�����ÅF9HN�f�D�I'AQN�=>O_CHA�O_`@8';K6`>6�AB=K6U�Ä�OP=>f�9¯`mfQCH;>=kU'6`KN�;KOP8J=KOPCVAX\F9=K9<ÀQÂP6V\{9stH5§8QÂPCH=\{9�Â_6�^V6�ÂPhjN�I';K^H6�8'ÂPCH=\,9<AQU¯9�`>N�CH;K6�SV;K9H8'fXWL4OPA:N�6�9�ÂPC~Ä 2 36587:9<; `m66�?@6U�=>C�SVOP^V6F=Kf'6�f'O_SHf'6)`c=F`KN�CV;>6)`{Ä�OP=>f=>f'6�`KN�CV;>67D�I'AQN�=>O_CHA�IQ`>6U�f'6�;K6H\e2 36587:9�; Ä¿9H`�`>6�=¿=>Ck['W_Þ³OPA�9<Â_Â6�ãJ8:6;>O_?@6�AB=K`W$�f'6�A@Â_CBCVl4OPA'S�9<=F9�N�I';K^H6¿OPA�=Kf'6�ÂP6^H6ÂahÎN�I';K^H6T8'Â_C<=�A'CH=>OÃN�6=>f'6�`>?k9<Â_Â�f'CV;>O_ä�CVAB=K9<Â�Â_O_A'6`MCHA�CHAQ6�`mOÃUJ6�CHD�=>f'6�N�I';K^H6HW¿¾¿f'6`mOÃUJ6¿Ä�f'6�;K6T=>f'6)`m6�`>?k9<Â_ÂJÂPO_A'6)`�9<;K6TOÃ`�Ä�f'6;>6T=>fQ6¿D�I'AQNÔ=KOPCVA@fQ9H`ÂPC~ÄT6�;{^29HÂPIQ6`\2`>CMOP=�O_`{69V`mb7=>C³UJOÃ`c=KOPA'SVI'OÃ`mf�fQOPÂ_Â_`{D�;KCH?w^~9<Â_ÂP6bJ`�W¾¿f'6�8�69Hl4`79<;K6�O_AQUJOÃN�9~=K6U�Ä�Oa=Kf�`m?k9HÂPÂ�N�O_;KN�ÂP6)`�CVA�=>f'6�ÂP6^H6ÂahN�I';K^H6@8'Â_C<=)W�¾¿f'6d`KN�CV;>6@SV;K9H8'f/O_`�9�Û¤��C�CHDTD�IQAQNÔ=KOPCVA�N�9<Â_ÂÃ`�\92^H6�;�9<SV67`KN�CV;>62áF8QÂPCH=WF¾¿f'6�IQ8'8:6;�Â_OPA'6�Ä�OP=>f�=Kf'6i+<)78'=>O_?@9HÂÞ-Â_9HÀ:6ÂXO_`T=Kf'6�CH8'=>O_?@9HÂ�`KN�CH;K6HW

á .¤Ï[Z�*,y{sHrxz�:y_Ï�S ã �,x��z��&�t á � %Q����3B�X&ü�ý®þ:ÿ���� � \,(^]Xý�%� S�:þý����� �����<_ ~� +a` \2ý���� _ »�� +b` \2ý®þe� �

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-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2-2

-1.5-1

-0.50

0.51

1.52

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

ô�õÙö)÷Høcùhg<û�»�i¶|�}�U���U�Y�cù��Æ���_÷������cõ����úU ¾¿f'6�fQ9<;�U�8Q9<;>=�OPA�=Kf'O_`�D�I'AQNÔ=KOPCVAkO_`�=>fQ9<=�=>f'6�8�69Hl4`F9<;K6¿N�ÂPCB`m69<AQU/CVA�9�ÂPO_A'6dÄ�OP=>f�^29HÂPÂ_6�bJ`�À:6�=cÄG66�AXW�¾¿f'6dD�I'AQNÔ=KOPCVA�SHO_^H69�Â_C<=�C<DT?@OPSV;K9<=>O_CHA�À�6N9<IQ`>6@9<Â_?�CB`c=�9<A4b�?�IJ=K9<=>O_CHA¯CHA+=>f'6ç'hÎN�C4CH;�UJO_AQ9~=K6�Ä�O_Â_ÂXN�9<I:`m6�=>fQ6�OPAQU'OP^4OÃUJIQ9<ÂX=>C@?@OPSV;K9<=>6HW

−2.0

2.0

−1.6

1.6

−1.2

1.2

−0.8

0.8

−0.4

0.4

0.0

0.0

0.4

−0.4

0.8

−0.8

1.2

−1.2

1.6

−1.6

2.0

−2.0

ô�õÙö)÷Høcù;jHûlk:ù�m2ù<}��÷Vønm)ù~|�}�U�������Ã÷������cõ����ú� $�34&*,��r)&bS

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No of evaluations / 1000

41.01

355

36.91

710

32.80

1065

28.70

1421

24.60

1776

20.50

2131

16.40

2487

12.30

2842

8.20

3197

4.10

3553

0.0

Optimal

Standard

Multinational (W)Multinational (N)

Sharing

Tagging

ô�õÙö÷Vøcù;�HûK�%�<�øcù�ö�øJzU|��k�à��øL�_÷����.�cõ#�U��úU ��C<=KO_N�6�=>f:9~=�=Kf'6Mm=K9<A:U'9<;�U�\H>fQ9<;KO_A'S�9<AQU�=�9<SHSVOPAQS³ÅGe @ FN�CHAJhH6�;KSH6�=>C�9/m=K9HÀ'ÂP6�8�CH8'IQÂ_9<=>O_CHA�D�9Hm=>6;@=>fQ9HA�?�I'Âa=KOPA:9~=>O_CHA:9<ÂÅFe @ W�¾¿f'OÃ7O_7À:6)N�9HIQm6�=>f'6;>6�O_�9dÂ_C<=³C<D�?@O_SH;�9~=KOPCVA�OPA�=>f'6À:6SHO_A'A'O_A'S+CHD79�?�I'ÂP=>O_AQ9~=KOPCVAQ9<¿;KI'AX\�Ä�f'OÃN�f�;K6UDBI'O_;K6�mCV?�66�ã4=>;�9�6~9<Â_IQ9~=KOPCVAQFCHD�=Kf'6³CHÀ â 6)NÔ=>O_H6MD�I'AQN�=>O_CHAXW�!jD�=>f'6�ã4hj9<ãJO_?�6)9H>I';K6U�=Kf'6TSH6�AQ6�;�9~=>O_CHA:�O_AQm=>69VU�CHDQD�I'AQN�=>O_CHA�6�~9<Â_IQ9<=>O_CHAQ=>f'6�N�CHA4H6;>SV6�AQN�6M;�9~=>6³ÄTCHI'ÂÃU�À:6�?@CH;K6³6UDBIQ9HÂzWá . Ü Z�*,y{sHrxz�:y Ü S­Ï�sV34y�r3B1d|F34%J°�%'y{� á y,34x���� q ��*�1~&æ Û�ç{èmé'á«ê t�ÛU¢ÈÖ�Û>Û�[Qî Y<çQðdñ�[Qî Y<ð�á�ò ì�í�� ç Å ñ�é Å

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-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 -2-1.5

-1-0.5

00.5

11.5

2-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

ô�õÙö)÷Høcù³ú:�Hû�»�i |�}�U���U���cù<�Æ���Ã÷������cõ���1V

−2.0

2.0

−1.6

1.6

−1.2

1.2

−0.8

0.8

−0.4

0.4

0.0

0.0

0.4

−0.4

0.8

−0.8

1.2

−1.2

1.6

−1.6

2.0

−2.0

ô�õÙö)÷Høcù³ú)ú)ûlkQù�m2ù<}��÷Hønm2ù~|�}���L�����Ã÷������cõ���,%

¾¿f'O_`�D�I'AQNÔ=KOPCVAd`c=K;>6)`>`>6`,=Kf'6�9<Â_SHCV;>OP=>fQ?±À4b�fQ92^4O_A'S�9�ABIQ?�À�6�;C<D�8�69<lJ`�Ä�Oa=Kf�ÂPC~ÄT6�;�f'6�O_SHfB=�Ä�fQ6�;K6 +mI'A'D�CH;>=>I'AQ9<=>6�-�?�IJ=�9~h=>O_CHAwN�9<A�N�9HIQ`m6+=>fQ6�OPAQU'OP^4OÃUJIQ9<ÂÃ`�=>C�?@OPSV;K9<=>6+D�;>CV? =>f'6/ZN�CH;KA'6;T8�69HlJ`T=>C@=>fQ6�N�6�AB=K6�;�8�69<l�W$�34&*,��r)&bS

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No of evaluations / 1000

41.01

355

36.91

710

32.80

1066

28.70

1421

24.60

1777

20.50

2132

16.40

2487

12.30

2843

8.20

3198

4.10

3554

0.0

Optimal

Standard

Multinational (W)Multinational (N)

SharingTagging

ô�õÙö)÷Vøcù³ú:<ûK�����øcù�ö�øJzU|��­�à�ø��Ã÷������cõ�U�1% á . Î Z�*,y{sHrxz�:y Î S © �{3�&)x�����*{(�|�sV%'(�34� q %'s)°æ Û�ç�è>é'á«ê í�Û>Û�Z�í�ìJî_Þ�ç Å ñ çF�t áÎç Å ñ�çQé�ñ­Ûmí�Z7ñ�ZVé Å áÎé Å á

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-1.5-1 -0.5

00.5 1

1.5 -1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

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−1.9

1.1

−1.52

0.88

−1.14

0.66

−0.76

0.44

−0.38

0.22

0.0

0.0

0.37

−0.21

0.75

−0.43

1.14

−0.65

1.51

−0.88

1.9

−1.1

ô�õÙö)÷Høcù³ú<�VûlkQù�m2ù<}��÷Hønm2ù~|�}���L�����Ã÷������cõ���k»� ¾¿f'O_`GD�I'A:NÔ=>O_CHA�fQ9V`T`>OPãd8:6)9<lJ`�W�¾¿ÄTC�CHD�=>fQ6`>678�69Hl4`¿9H;>67A'C<=^H6�;Kb�f'O_SHf�N�CH?@8Q9H;>6)U�=KC7=Kf'6�O_;�`>I';>;KCHIQAQUJO_A'SV`W�¾¿f'OÃ`�?k9<lH6)`,Oa=fQ9<;�U�D�CH;�=Kf'6³ÕJ֮ѮÑÙÍÎ×~Ø~Ñ®ÑPË�Ó�D�I'AQNÔ=KOPCVAk=>C�`m8�C<=¿9³^29HÂPÂ_6�b�À�6�=cÄT6�6�ACHA'6@C<DT=>fQ6`>6�8�69HlJ`�9<AQU+C<=Kf'6�;�8�CHO_AB=K`WdÇ'I';>=>f'6;>?@CV;>6�Oa=�OÃ`9<SV9HOPA�69V`mb�=>C�fQ92^V6�9³?�IJ=�9~=>O_CHA�=KfQ9~=GN9<IQ`>6`,=Kf'6�O_AQUJO_^4O_UJI:9<Â=>C@?@OPSV;K9<=>6�D�;>CV?§=>fQ6`>6�ÂPC~Ħ8:6)9<lJ`�W� `�dB»ý�ηed��

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No of evaluations / 1000

49.21

812

44.29

1624

39.37

2436

34.44

3249

29.52

4061

24.60

4873

19.68

5686

14.76

6498

9.84

7310

4.92

8123

0.0

Optimal

Standard

Multinational (W)

Multinational (N)

Sharing

Tagging

ô�õÙö)÷Vøcù³ú:�<ûK�����øcù�ö�øJzU|��­�à�ø��Ã÷������cõ�U�[»�

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-0.50

0.51

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

-10

-5

0

5

10

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−0.9

1.2

−0.69

0.95

−0.48

0.72

−0.26

0.48

−0.05

0.23

0.15

0.0

0.36

−0.24

0.57

−0.48

0.78

−0.72

0.99

−0.96

1.2

−1.2

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Page 8: 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 2 1 0 -2 -1 0 1 2 -2rkursem.com/publications/RKU_CEC1999_multinational.pdf · 2013-09-02 · 8q9= etó'wïìháÔ\ =>;kop6)` =>c uj6)9f/À

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No of evaluations / 1000

82.02

1221

73.82

2443

65.61

3664

57.41

4886

49.21

6108

41.01

7329

32.80

8551

24.60

9772

16.40

10994

8.20

12216

0.0

Optimal

Standard

Multinational (W)

Multinational (N)

Sharing

Tagging

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