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腇腉 /* (,**/) - +3/,*+ 腑腌腏 ,**. 3 + 腔腙腊腂腒腄腈腆腘腋腚腎腁 腖腗腃腇腉腅腀腐腓 腩膂腪 , 腊腊 腁腺 臃臅臧 腊腊腊 ,**. +* +- ,**/ . 3 Asama Explosion of September +st, ,**.On the Damage to Glass Windows and Estimation of Explosion Energy Akihiko YOKOO , 腂腂 , Fukashi MAENO and Hiromitsu TANIGUCHI 腂腂腂 At ,* : *, JST on September +st, ,**., Asama volcano erupted and produced a strong air wave (,*/ Pa at 1.0 km away from the summit). The wave induced some damages to glass windows in buildings located within about ++ km of the summit. The detailed situations about these damages are reported in this paper. The explosion energy of this eruption and diameter of crater are estimated to be +..+* +, ,.,+* +, J and about 1/ m, respectively, based on the assumption that scaling laws obtained by charge explosion experiments were applicable to the case of explosive volcanic eruption. Key words : Asama volcano, air wave, glass breakage, explosion energy +腅腃腆腄 膼腢腔腺膼腧膼膬腥膊腚腵膡臔 ,,/02 m腨臀腔腑腳腦腧腚膖腸膳腴腙腠腐腴膖腥 腲腵臔臦膋腡腧膹腃腯腼膆膁腤腆膉臊腝 腕腡腰 3 膚腸臲腏腵 腔腺腄臂臩腖腰臚臩+3-* ; 膣臬 +33+腇腁 +3/* 腣腱膖腡腧腼膆膁腧膜臯膮腨Sakuma (+3/+) 腥腲腴腭腢腯腳腶膖臃腑腳腧膩腼膆膁腧臄腓腢腼膆膁腤腆腢腧膢膵腒膺腘腶腜+31- 腣腱膖腥腲腵腧腼膆膁腤腆腹臲腧膤腨膣臬(+31-) 腥臖腘腶腠腍腵腙腑腙腣腗腡腣腧腲腎腤腾 腺膂腧腭腜腣腧腲腎腤臤腧腼膆膁腒膞腶腜腧腑腢腍腞腜膱腉腚腤臮腸臫臑腥臟腙腠腍腵腨腌 腭腴腤腍腗腶腨膡臔腥膿腞腜腗腢腡腨腤腔腢腸 膖臐膜膤腑腳 腼膆膁腧腤腆腒腌腞腜腍腎臜臡膉膛腸膻膦臣腒膗膧腥腘腑腧腬腞腠腵腗腢 膌腡腤腍腼膆膁腧腾腺膂腱臤腼膆膁腒腚腵腑腙腤腍腑腸膶腚腵腤膏臗腧膎腟腡腌腴 (Baker et al., +32-)膖臔膖腥腲腵膲膣臰腢腼膆膁 腤腆腨膜腢腧膢至腸膙腚腵臭腡臸腤臮腡腌 腟腭腴膖腥腚腵臐腱膽臐腒臢膘腑腳 膭腔臵腘腶腠腍腵腗腢腸臇腏腶腩膖腒膥腓腵腜腫 腗腶腒膐腓膥腗腙腜膜臯膮腸致臏腙腛腧膷膕腸 腔腧膻膦臣腧膫臛臕腢腙腠臷腮臨腦腠腍腔腗腢腨臨 腡腌腷腎腗腧腢腓Taniguchi (+33-) (,***) 腳腒臙腙腠腍腵腲腎腥腦腧腚腱膖腧腻膅膇 腽腃膓腸臉腍膖臐膜腢腧膢至腸膙腚腵腗腢 臎臁腧膖臔臐腥腟腤腒腵臸腤臒膯腧腪腢腟腢腙 腠膨腖腳腶腲腎腛腗腡腸腵臍腡腨膡臔腧 ,**. 3 腊腊 32*2/12 臘臶膰臈膠臞臶0- 腝腷腌膝膑膝膻膦膔膝臻臆 Institute of Mineralogy, Petrology, and Economic Geology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku Uni- versity, 0-, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 32*2/12, Japan. 膾臩: 23++.+3 臠臝臘臓膒臔+1,,+3 腛腌臐膻膦臩腮腅膖臔膟膻膦膃膈膄腃 Present Address : Sakurajima Volcano Research Cen- ter, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto 腊腊腊 University, +1,,+3, Sakurajima-Yokoyamacho, Ka- goshima 23++.+3, Japan. 32*2/10 臘臶膰臼.+ 腝腷腌腝腷腹膀腹膻膦膃膈膄腃 Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku Uni- versity, .+, Kawauchi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 32*2/10, Japan. Corresponding Author : Akihiko Yokoo e-mail : [email protected]

Transcript of 3 ˘ˇˆ˙ › cgi-bin › dpdf.cgi?q=50.3,4.pdf · +31- +31- ˘ˇˆ ˙˝ ˛ 3 ˚2 ˜ !ˇ" #˙$...

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Asama Explosion of September +st, ,**.�On the Damage toGlass Windows and Estimation of Explosion Energy

Akihiko YOKOO�,��, Fukashi MAENO�and Hiromitsu TANIGUCHI���

At ,* : *, JST on September +st, ,**., Asama volcano erupted and produced a strong air wave (,*/Pa at 1.0km away from the summit). The wave induced some damages to glass windows in buildings located within about

++ km of the summit. The detailed situations about these damages are reported in this paper. The explosion

energy of this eruption and diameter of crater are estimated to be +..�+*+,�,.,�+*+, J and about 1/m,respectively, based on the assumption that scaling laws obtained by charge explosion experiments were applicable

to the case of explosive volcanic eruption.

Key words : Asama volcano, air wave, glass breakage, explosion energy

+� � �� ���������������� �� ,,/02

m� ��� !���"�#$%&�'()& �#�*���+,-�.����/01��� 2�3456-7 38$9:� ���;<� =< +3-* ; >?! +33+�@ +3/*�#-��/01�"ABC� Sakuma (+3/+)�*&D�E!F #� !�G#H�/01�IJ�/01����KLMN$OFP@ +31-

�#�*�%Q&�/01��'9�R(�>?!(+31-)�SOF(T�@ ' ' UV- U�*W"XYZ� DP U�*W"[)�/01M\FP� �T]P^��"_*$`a�+b'(T�*c,�dD&"T@ VF� ����e]PV�-�"� -��#fAR(�. ! g�/01���Md]Ph �

TWij3k$ lmnMop�O �q](/�V��0r-"T@ �/01�XYZH[)� /01M���� '"T $s1��2t�"uv�wx-d&(Baker et al., +32-) #��#�*�y>z3�/01���"A��K4{$�|��}-5~"_*-d�@ xD& � �#�6��7fH�fM�� !��8�OF(T�V�$�:F� �#M�J�P�� VFM�J�V'P"ABC$��' ����$9��lmn��:���'(����(T�V���8-d�W@ V��J Taniguchi (+33-)H���;(,***)!M�<'(T�*W� ����#������=�$�T �#fA��K4{$�|��V�7 ���#�7f�x"M�5~" ¡�¢�x�'(£¤!F*W@ �V--*c-� ���� ,**. 3

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¥32*�2/12 ¦>§¨?©ª�«¨? 0�-@A5¬5¬­�¬lm®%¬¯°Institute of Mineralogy, Petrology, and Economic

Geology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku Uni-

versity, 0�-, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai32*�2/12, Japan.±<B : ¥23+�+.+3 ²³C§´C��D +1,,�+3µE5¬7flm<FB#�¶3lm·¸¹�Present Address : Sakurajima Volcano Research Cen-

ter, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto

���

University, +1,,�+3, Sakurajima-Yokoyamacho, Ka-goshima 23+�+.+3, Japan.¥32*�2/10 ¦>§¨?©ºG .+@A5¬@A»¼»lm·¸¹�Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku Uni-

versity, .+, Kawauchi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 32*�2/10,Japan.

Corresponding Author : Akihiko Yokoo

e-mail : [email protected]

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Fig. +. Disaster distributions around the Asama Volcano by the September +st eruption. Six places su#ered from

the air wave ; damage to glass windows (open circles) and others (closed circles). Three squares represent the

volcano-acoustic stations equipped with a low-frequency microphone by the Japan Meterological Agency, and

the star shows the location where 1 ballistic rocks were discovered by our investigation.

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Table +. Relationship between the overpressure and damage to glass windows.

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Fig. ,. Photos of (a) glass breakage at the Asama

Volcano Museum taken by Kyodo News, (b) a

view from a broken window at Tashiro Primary

School and (c) a glass crack at the Asama

Memory House taken by M. Enomoto.

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a)L1:©ª68«;g. �,#� ��¬�@���­X� +.-2+*++ J�gn�����#� �����O ~������ Eexp ©!"� /01� �3��H �X� �� �="®;,�� �����X�¯°;,hgPg�l��-.��m�� ~��± ²³ (Goto et al., ,**+)���};,-��´ �����"®� eblast�����csG d�� z{# *pd�p*.*+ ��=�gh

eblastxexp�*../�1**2d�� (.)

�yK��9��� ~� ����csG9��µP-68��´ �����"®�9«;µP-. 3Q +R��=�gh¶};,->?�@�ij D�����

Fig. -. The relationships between the crater dia-

meter (D ; m) and (a) : Explosion energy (Eexp ;

J) calculated using eq. (,), (b) : scaled depth of

explosion (d� ; m/J+/-) under the assumption of

crater’s volume ; Vx0.*2+*.m- and 1.*2+*.

m-, and (c) : ratio of energy partition for blast

from explosion energy (eblast). Dashed lines in

(c) are derived by applying the results from field

explosion experiments (eq. (.)). See text in

details.

��� ,**.� 3Q +R�� ·¸¹�º»�¼�~�������} 199

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��� d����� (Fig. -b)����� eblast� 0 +*.�1 +*. m-������������� Fig. -c

������������ ���� �� ! ��" D#�$%&�'(� �� ! ) *+���,-����./ ��-��0123 #�$%&4����� 56��7����0123 �8�%&���9:�;<�� =>=� ??���� ! ��� V�@�=A�9A��BC�� �" D#�$%&��DA�� d *E�FGH 2��� d� (Fig. -b)/#8�%&4� ��IJ� K (.)�=B#LA5�7�0123 ��� eblast#�$%&�� �?<�� �� ! �">:��=B��0123 (Fig. -a)�5�M !>:��=B0123 *5���N=B0123 / >:���� eblast� Fig. -c�O��������� ��OP�IJ#Q+�Q���R �S����T������ !U�V�#"W+� 3X +#�Q�$��%&���&�� DY4� 3X +#�Q��LA) �B�� ! ��"� 1.�11 m�S4� ?�$Z����0123 �=A +.. +*+,�,., +*+,

J#':� (Fig. -a)� ?��$� K (+)�4�� ! ���# .,�./ m����� �� ! (���#N$B��GH 2���� *.**-.�*.**-/

m�J+�-�&� (Fig. -b)���)[�\�>:?���0123 Eexp�*+,�D�A]-�^.��� /_��OP��� ����LA)[=B0`�)[a1-)[2�b3#4��� ��IJ�GH 2��� d��$=AGH 2�a1 l�� GH 2�b3 w� ckg�J+�-d �efg !�=Ahijk�A�� (Fig. .)� Fig. .�������GH 2�������$Z=B0`�)[a1lm��=AE4� GH 2���# *.**-�*.**.m�J+�-SB4�n��&�IJ#':A�� *5op6�,***/� ?�q������7�':BGH 2��� (*.**-.�*.**-/m/J+/-)�$Z�����)[lm�GH 2�a1�E�� *.*.m�J+�-�89��� ?�GH 2�a1���0123 Eexp (+.. +*+,�,., +*+, J : Fig. -a)� +�-r�rs�?��� 3X +#�Q������E�� ../�/ km:�a1Y�)[�����IJ#':�� t&u�� /_��OP���:B�;�0123 �n�� ..1 +*1 J� )[2��3lm� +* g�S�?�>:� )[a1lm� *Fig. .

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>: . km�>�� -,* g��� *?���>@���A/�B�� �C/ #�~�A��?���D�E�=&�� �t<�� ??���=B�PK (,)�(.)-��OP�IJ�F#<=A����-2GH��D�A$t��^.=&�&:&�#� x��������B0123 3-�� ! �"�EE��I=�J�S���9A�����S�� ���9� �����k���Q+�Q���K�&���S����� ��-�Q��L�� ¡¢��t� 56��-���)[��LB>�¡¢�M£,��$�?�#�9:��

/� � �"W+� ,**.N 3X +# ,*¤ *,�¥¦��Q=�

+�§¨�©�O¨�56��#ªP�B� ?�56����4� «�pQ«�R¬A .��S­fG��TU®#�L=B� ?:��tQo>:n�¯��?<�& ++ km�a1�S4� YB� �V+W�XC&�S­fG#�T=A��Y°�SLB���OPIJ#Q+�Q����$����T��

�� Qo)Y�Z[±\�²£=� �.23>:³T���´CA� ��0123 ����µLB� �:��5�7�0123 ���*+,�����?���+.. +*+,�,., +*+, J�J#':B� ?��$���)[a1�lm� ../�/ km:��~��:� O{���)[a1�D�E�=&>LB�

� �]$¶4^·�{��� "WQ+_2¸� `a8�¹

Fig. .. Relationships among scaled distance (l� ; m/J+/-), scaled depth (d� ; m/J+/-), and scaled

weight of ballistics (w� ; kg/J+/-) with an em-

pirical limit of the maximum scaled distnace of

ballistics (broken line). These bubbles are re-

sulted from several charge explosion experiments

(1.. +*.v..1 +*1 J). This figure is modified

from Taniguchi et al. (,***).

ºbcdpe/ �p5o»¼200

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� � � �

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H*¶\] �·¡^J

lmb ,**./ 3i +03`�¸���EU-f�D%¹º£»x¼� 201