115 milli fiW1E43(2) 1l5~ 1272010

f7ZEJj(2)(6) 1[S X (3) i~ sect)11(2) ~Uplusmnpound~(2)

~~ ~i(4) ~J(4) ~~X(5)

~U~ sectj tt rhi i1 E t m lJ ll tdtllm HlTI m Lp iJ~ J D f lnHW jt amp 15 [ BJ~1ItoJ r-ffli ~I l~ tl ll g ~

~ it N ~Hi lNfliJ fiHr amp tJF i1lt f~rj]m~lit z ltt)l( ~iI~ tilUfilliHfi 413 plusmn 13 kg iyenJ LD ~ltlt~Hff0

4X at 1 1Ifl J ffiamp l 1J tz~ i- t ~~71-ilUj A B C raquo D yenf 4 Hll~ 33 ~f - ~HB m plusmn ~ljTiqZunJ

0t ~ mUil A Jl ( INWWD 1E~K l t13 fO M~m J tlJ 71- )J U [illHliJ -a til lliB ~ 155 10 140 ~Iuj 16 mgkg

10 96 rngkg i~ 1 1 1lg t3Jty 3250 kcalkg Z J H~ ffu tril bull B m C fif[l D f[EtlUtrJ71-)jIJ em~nJ tE~W

a~Jm q J ~M~ i~ JJ ~ jij1E ri31 jjuJ (Cu 25 1) lliB l~gU g-~iiJ (eu 10) ~~ r- ~ M ij1i tiUiiJ (Cu 356) ~W

)WJ 011~ 35 mgkg IJJfttiJfft lJll ffjifJ B M1 jjQC j[ltdIHM ~i tl l cj]71-5JUtil)7~i~JDlijjfM ~6j~ JtiyenJ~I~ 35 ~ 5

mgkg D ll ~ lj mj1J ~ i~~1Jll 3i 11Wm euroiifiJ ~J( I8 1f~ 5 mgkg 0 ~ ~WJm~ lill3 rrm sectH1tm (tjij) 4 jiJl ~M~ 4 ~ ~~MmW0 fu~~~M~~ 4~~0R~ff~~~ W~fi~~M ffi ~~

m ~~~ampMW~~n~~~~~ ~~~W0m~~~~ H~~M~ ~amp~ff~R~

yenJ l1dm 100 kg ffiHMR 0 t-_K IJ~ tJM~tu llit fim rH 7Jd~ 1jHI l+ 0 llit~MjfHamp~ff$~)~f lft ~ 3Emml lj

~ middot~~middot ~ ~ middot ~ t~ ~kRMampregW~~ffi~~ middot ~~~ ~m~mW~ ~Ntt

0fjg mlllH1 )jJ fU~W tJF l1 M lIrJ fD jI A m ~ l -lf~UTY~ bull mHEJJn l ttM lIi fO~ fIrjJ ]fUJ(IJJ iI~ IJt yenJ i Fii tili (P lt 005) ~~ftffu = tt1111l middottfm (fi ~Hlr] fffi rr J1I jfl lJl ~lj m ~w iI1 i11~ Hl ifEEi (27-33 mg

kg) fJij IfflJilmiddot tllflS 1Jfj i+ampnIIr~l q] ffi RJ inJfttJl-- B mitft~ ~~ rfrflHs gHil plusmn l~Jfl f-f rii tim ~l tJ0

E- NfB~plusmn~Jm lqmFHm 1J l r1~ jJU ifn1 n0~ri] r 1~ tW i~~R flpound~t1 fj gK~lmtE N t~ mJ mf~ rp

~- dr1 i~ frt fr lm El tJ r-i ltti[riJ 1 -~MFfH1JJ fM ~ 1JU flIT ~ r 0

(1 ) ff l3lt~ I~ ~~~fi _l~~ ffr liJf lsectG~fl j 1544 tt shy(2) tJ I3lttgtJt[il~~w 3Jm~~iI~PIT~1Hfl 0

(3) rrl3lttgt1CtiThW-~ ~~ 1tt~~lWirfi dlHfl 0

(4) 1~L ~ki fijJr0W~~ middot ( fifi)

( 5) 1TM1U m~ i ~ iiir iii~rrrg M 0

(6) fillifiHVfi E-mail tmsu mailtlri govtw 0

Il6

tll~tt W1J fSI lffi ~41j I l ttlM ttlMtE lp tH~OOnrT TiJ lf liWiyen)] 1llt-i- 6Pi Wtltin CU2 gt bull Mg2

+ bull

Ca 2 + bull Fe 3

+ bull Zn 2 + ~ Jt l l 3Z t J f U Cu 2 Ji Zn 2 (r1 t5 CJ ) ] a ~t JFpx m JE JIf~ rf tl(IJ tll ~ ll

( Oberlaeas and Harland 1996 ) uHli~~ itli ampflJm l1fi] tli1 ep(I~no]~ 0

J~ IfGJ ~ ti iit ( 2000) IJI ~mQO] lJtepTIR~ -a 1 1 ~ J pound 35 ppm tJ T JiffJ1 (Cromwell 1991 0

Coffey et al 1994 Ap gar et al 1995) mit uij Iil ~ ll l$lm 250 ppm rm~ i1IHT~1 1W1CfW~J A1 amp ~ UJ 1lf ilm~~N bull fflIW 1)f1r-j amp iYX MniiJ fSI 7(~ aH ~ fi frE Mjfo] ~IJ24lt ampllJ ffJ ~Uf~ 10-30 (It

t1 ~nttr0ep m tf3 dltL11Hl7tiMi f6 m1 fn~I IJ~ ~ I P1k (Kornegay and Ha rper 1997 Doz ier et al 2003) 0

Armstrong et al (2004) mal fm UiiJf MffJ 125 ppm fl~Wijfo] ttH r nU-~ rp illlJ it rrr~~ 250 ppm MfM ilJ ilipoundj Veum et al (2004) m H tJ 50 ppm lli ~l~fJil lft1~t)lHl[jJiNtt flj ~~ 1$ 111250 ppm litL~il~0 ~

m tJpound~ijJj ltJ rJJl 4ltampW fr tt ~y 23 ZffitMlitw 13l11t f~m fj t1UlfiJ 1JrilJ~ j ]fi~ r~ JJ o t bull pl~ fti110

fJij tfil jEmJTWJ1oJi1m~ 1 ~vJ -pJf lJm t1 il ( 2005 ) tJ 1 mgmL r - ~~JWml ( -PGA) iJ~0 shy

eurol 10 mM CUS04 5H 20 tE pH 6-7 CJ~ffrF ift lfj -PGA l~Z fHiUfiiJ JUfi i5 ~f 1t 90 ~~ t~

jtftHn~ llllliiiJl~Hamp fii~ IilfHWlt 10 0 ~ -PGA W Cu 2 + iKfi II f11 Cu 2

+ f1iJm m l~U f th D~ ~~ 1iME

r5il~ 1ampiIT lm j(Ij 113~ f1 qlHnJ(J~1 t kf Rtflpound illfHl1fJJ IIJlJffi iffj tfpound fW[ iJ(-fJ uamp4lt ~f~ 1-1f=i ~ fJE i-i Cu ~ Z plusmn 1JJiJH lJ fHt J middot

IfrcX~ fif~H I rttt ~o] lltiZ lTJ if fJJreg (~~ 1iHa~ aiTI fIltLj lr~JJlJ~ rsJ ~~ )(j1 JltiWAO] fyenT WHfiU ~~~~~~mz~~ ~m~ Uamp~R~plusmn~tt~m~mtt~~~~ uamp~~mw~~m~m

O~ ~ 0

I f1Ir0 i1it~amp5Hft

iiiI J 17C 3jfr tm famp ~ I ( Co mplete ly Randomized De sign CRD) jll1IamptliHn 413 plusmn 13 kg (11

LD fE x~~1t 48 m I JJ 0 fltamp~ 9 m B- ~~ Witt~ A bull B bull C amp D~ 4 tfi U =E 71 - pound1_ mhj ~JjfgtHJfl~z f1f1] ~$Mi ( mtgmG~1j~1lt 1 ) ~ iI~W lf9 aii]m fi ftX 7JdJ t 11R bull A H1 ( fJ I~ H )

ttplusmn~-jtJjfD mrfJJ tgJtl ] lJm~ WJ -a rn rn B m 155 frJ 140 r~~ 1t fig fl~J l~ 3250 kcalk g A1 lpound IitlGfi] I bull B m C MI amp D ~WEI ~WJ 7)5 Ij (iHfr1J -E MtMl~J ffi rjlmi gt rl$JJlJritLIWW~ ( CuS045~bO GR ~amp Merck

Germany tf3$11iJ-li 25 1 ) ffi B ~r re -ampm ( ~H lW - m~ Trouw utr it ion ffW1Jll 10 ) ~

r -PGA ( f-(lJ (2005) t rt~fl 13 jIU 356) i ifiiJ 35 mgkg (j~ ftiJ ti bull IlBw WJ B JlJ$Z C HI 1Eyen lit~ l1OJ llli rp7J] tl ~gt ri~ 1Ju ~mM J1Jm~ r rt1 jf1u 35 DX 5 mgkg D Hllj faj Y ri~ 1JU~ I ~l ~~~~ ilI1]J ~A (jJ

fIjiJ 5 mgkg g I~Jm WJ~ middot31fit t1JillW (t ) 4 iiil nlt~Wlfrfl 4 jI1l 1 ~ Wl tlj 51Hamp m l~ l1H Jm0

~ 4M~0m ~IT~~ ~~~~M~~~ ft~~~~M~~ OO~yen~~mm

100 kg llifri ( 160 7 plusmn 38 f3ffi ) IiJ~5Hfl1jA~J1~W1 7-Iail~mJJ~m-tig-irfr jjf~MiffJ itHJ

~ middotl ~~Z~mmiddot ~ amp ~~ fi ~~~m r ~~~~~~~ J~

117

Table I The composition of experimental diets (kg)

Ingredients Grower Finisher

Yellow corn (CP 75 )

Soyb ean meal (CP 435 )

Fish meal (CP 60 )

Whcat bran

Mola sses

Limestone

Dicalcium phosphate

Choline chloride (50)

Sa lt

Vitamin premix

Mineral premix

Total

6700

1900

300

600

200

60

130

10

50

10

40

1000

6900

1960

600

200

100

140

10

40

10

40

1000

Vitamin premix provided per kilogram of diet as following Vitamin A 6000 lU Vitamin 03 800 IU

Vitamin B12 002 mg Vitamin E 20 IU Vitamin K3 4 mg Riboflavin 4 mg Pantothenic acid 16 mg

Niacin 30 mg Pyridoxine Img Fol ic ac id 05mg Biotin O lmg

Mineral premix provided per kilogram of diet as following Fe 140 mg Mn 20 mg Zn 70 mg T 045 mg

No addition of Cu in A diet B C and D were added 35 mg Cu as copper sulfate Cu-protcinate and Cu shy

Of PGA respectively

bullbullbull Mineral premix provided per kilogram of diet as follows Fe 140 mg Mn 20 mg Zn 70 mg I 045 mg

No add ition ofCu in A diet Band C were added 35 mg and 5 mg Cu as copper sulfate respectively D diet

was added 5 mg Cu as ell-proteinate

II iU1l1ijJt ~

( i ) ~t ~trn6 Wl if4r w~ JflJlfig-1 m j il ~ lvJ i- ffi 4 Ufi ~ m- f ~ i hlt~ ~Jm mH1 JtIi1 1 lflt HJHll lgJ L n~ tJlt

2 kgd (il tt lt 80X) 51 -F ~Fmiddot~~ jjl Jif flX JyenJ n~ rmUliJ mj jt q)dlhfiFX Dt uiD ~ M0

(bifif ~I EJJ IJ Lj f1 FG~ 1amp fIlWWiiJOiiJ f-f t l l~idIeuroIJ ~~ f-f j) g-rr r ~f~ ttji bull ( ii) iUMfjljfli l J 9d iiT 3 X(I1 $iIUtJJ c jfHj gzl~ W 4-6 )(E UJ llrr Tsect tJo 06

~ Crl0 3 mWfflJ rjJ 1JUA 40 mL 6 I L HCI bull llli fJ ifmVRqxW (iii) W~ UW~ 11 4-6 7 ~li1~ ~c $~ tJ l PR lslfr-ltiiW1-yen bull (iv) ~ 6 r] JjHiu i1H ~ill 10 mLi im )t ~EliuWlamp i~~ 1-yen bull (v) ml ~m~miEt1r iIt l ~j mll M~ jI rJfHfl l9~ ~~ ijEtmIE~fMf5b Jt ( m R 7if

11 8

~ ) m~ middot T~~~W-~ middot m~~bullbull~m middot ~~~mm~wmm ~~~~

ii rj-l i4 1i~ e

m IfilliJHtHR

ij~ ff tJj ~~tMi60JllH~ ffi~ ~T ~F 4 00 Ij ~b~n ( f~ ff~llX ) ~~8~tr 9 00 lrtn ietfttfrl 15 mLi liM ttL11 5 mL JJ Wf 1if ifJ([ l m rJ l tl l iW~51fJT ~ 10 mL I1 lj51ll1ftlillri1HamplJlHf bull

IV g~t W

~~~Mmmm~~ Mreg m 6 ~ ~0Ramp~~R~ 0~m t~~ 7

B ) J2i Jr~ J1HTmfW 1tJ tX ~ f4 1j5(f bull ~~m1Lurj t~flf bull N 1m WampOOrl- ( ttllfr cp flf1 1TJ ) bull ~

El lftj jftIJIttMl j51iJHamp tHf~ I 0-1 1 JtlJrtt FJl oT itri NnJll~tnyen c

v iJI ~ JE JtH~1 ampjJt~

( i ) ~N it Hg

icjfidiJtM PdJ a~tf ~ poundt ill ~t~ WntfH~ 2 ~ fyenW I 7x mWl ( ~m fl11 l [ilII 5- 10

kg) H ljm~fyen - I raquo mtttHfi t~ Jfj ampwlJ Mi1~ r ~t- tFIZ~ TIH3 m ~ ff ( ave rage dail y

feed intak e ADFI ) sji t~JB tt l ( ( ave rage dai ly ga in ADG ) ampallJyen4 ~gtC ( ga in feed GI

F ) c

( ii) mtmtplusmnlX -ftI( ~ i W ( 2005) ~~ il fJ1i~ tfu lf(ZJm4it~ ( 1988 ) L1J lm~ Ji deg

( iii) l~ amph 51 fJT

I j(5tmIJ Jt ~ Wl AOAC ( 1990 ) Ji rt illlJJiafiJ flI ffl ITf a Wf llill IDlJ$ bull 11 ~ )fINmiddot

ijfL ne tl-amp Ifil iJl1~ 7 ~ r shy2 f~~ h1)dl

51jJ1IJ JE7G)ix l3t 1ft f3 t1 r frl Ll11~ ll~ A 1)dl iit ( NEYTECH-2-525 ) tE 55 0-650degC

r11 ~ T J 1 1 J 6 Hl5 nIJftw litt ~ ~H fJ~ IUWI1 -i1 Mz ~ B1H3t wt 1i~ f$ fl1l M Jill rp ~tHrWmMz ~c~~ bull

3 JfnJ15 f lllJJi t~ tlb jJ( fI ~ fil j ramp iJu A 3N tyen1 JII ~ 10 mL j) tMEUiH~ 1fi1ft 35oc tt rMampillHT

llU iyen deg ~ M ~ j) R 1 it MUii~ amp JEtfi JJJm f rw ~ )I 7JtHN (Spec trop ho tom e te r 2 8 100

Hitach i ) mfj Ji~~ bull

VI McJr51if[

~l~11 fJg j)II Hy~~WLtiL ( H1f IlFf~J~~~ lf) mlJ jn ) f-( im ~Jt~ ft lj j)~ middotrrJfm 1f1Jii~ ~ Yil Ui t~UlJ

rXf Jamp ~~ t~ j m lT 51frr y = fJ + T+ E Jt ep y (-(~ illJfEl fJ tt~~ ttf 1~~ T f-tHiOJ mt rj-1 ifri] f5 ~mt E (-( ~ mH~ f lJm SAS ampti1t51irr g~ lX lWl E1 1 - middot ffIUgtHji I fjUyen (Genera l linear mo de l u

proc edure) Jth~1J51 frr (SA S 2002) j) LSMEA NS JCH~ )t fi ~ j-B JtAlHJJ C(J MJt~Jj 31 P] fFlampc ~

fi~ tamp~ Ifj JJ ff~J ~rr ~ JiUISFMHt mfj ~il (Duncan s New Mu ltiple Range Test) tt fi~ 0r J1MR IM lBJ 7pound

-W Mti~ i1

11 9

~~~ gijj f5j ~ g] fH~ t5Kf~ 51- 1JT6 if ln-tz 2 0 g lltWJf[]fl~W WJyen~ liUJm ( Ali) ~ Jfjj~

51-53 IJ~ 157 Hz 16 0 mgk g fffi B C s 0 U~N J t1J gJt tlpoundlli]iyenJ fs f WJ7t~ lJ ~ 58 5 56 9 raquo 46 2

mgk g ij~1fWHl IJ 51- ~ IJ ~ 59 7 28 0 raquo- 27 3 rugkg e

Growing per iod No addition of Cu in A diet B C and 0 were fed basal diet with 35 mg Cukg by adding

of CllS04 Cu -pro te inate or T -PGA-Cll respectively Fini sh ing period No addition of Cu in A diet B and

C were fed basal diet with 35 mg and 5 mg Cukg by adding of CUS0 4 respecti vel y 0 diet was added 5 mg

Cukg as Cu -prote inate

I CP crude protein (N X 625) DE digestible energy OM dry matter

The levels of copper and zinc in basal diets (diets OM basis) for growing o r fini shin g period were 160 and

335 rngkg and 96 and 3 17 rugk g respectivel y

3 Dry matter basis

ilriJ r11~ 1J0 1I6]~hzm1t~it-f~1lt~ampttHgz~~ ~ IJ 1raquo ~~ 3 ~~R Y1i Hpound 1 L~ Jm[j1~uJ Hamp~~0

ff1 lli I~ 0 ffJl ( rB~tJll r -PGA ~~ (j i1I1] ) 9H~~~iiJvill~ I kg 1-11-- JJU iJ 0 mz A OF I PMfith (P

lt 0 05) ~~ Jt fili = Km~ Y fft~f ~ f~ iHIJ yenff tai 130 BlMUiyenmt fO~]~ 70 kg l-jL ilfZ Im ~ii~ 1=rij~W JtJ3

~~ lf~ ~i~ jj IJfi IIj 0 HlYPfZ-~Jim1f~]PJ m 100 kg -ir mfti ai ~Jl tamp JJj rJliY1 AOG AO FI raquo GF

HlJ fbl lli 0 N RC ( 1998) H1 t1i ~IJ~~WHfJ 1t ( lIDJf 20-1 20 kg ) nJBjdJIijjm 1pound 742-92 3 mg rr~

iiii 3~~ A m 1 m L-j E - E t1l ~ lz ~ ~ flll] fll ( - 1 ) ~~HJT~ I N HJnn fl~ f=J WH~0n- f1 nj

I

ep 5JJJU Pi 157 amp 160 rngkg 8Jm tPfmiddotYJA DF I f1tn 250 -2 60 kg zlm (- 3 ) tf E(ttE afi] tlj1 ~p

nH~UJ( 39-42 rngd BJ1 JlJ bull jJt lsectlfreg ~i~ ll)J ffrJ sect uiiJ l~l r tj ffi =fftlfi ) ~ ( 0-35 mg kg diet ) H~ JJUm ~iliIMI1 M~

jJO rul i~ ( jH1HlG 1l~ f ) rJ1~ f~ ff0r ~n r~n ll1 ~tR l1tJg (ADG AD FI amp GF ) Jlt OO C reec h et al

(2004) 1le JlHm fI~J 59-109 kg nJ~~ ell]h$ 5 JJlJ rJ~ 1Jn 25 5 (1f~ tm~i~ ) ~lJ 5 mgkg (I ~~ iU

BJ ~~ WiWof- [fil liJtu11R JI IDfaJ ADG AD FI amp GF rJitJ llI z 5 middot -~ ll~ELQ JJ ~ jffJtJJjfJ l fiN niiJ LJ+ - sectJi13~ t~ jf(fW1~u] Jn ~ ffW9~ r~ JJ LI~iWIJ1J i ilt5tf IlITyen~m MLtJ m~ 1I

3 fJ ~ JJD~ f5J MZ~ftLgt~lN~1l5t~t1fjEZ~~

Tab le 3 Effect of adding var ious for ms of copper to diet on growth pe rfo rma nce of pigs

Groups A B C D SE

Growing per iod (BW 4 11-649 kg)

ADG t kgd 100 104 104 099 004

ADFI 1 kgd 250a 249a 253a 23Sb 004

1Ft kgkg 040 042 04 1 042 002

Finishing per iod (BW 727-100 0 kg)

ADG kgd 099 094 095 092 004

ADFI kgd 323 307 324 312 OOS

GIF kgkg 031 03 1 030 030 00 1

Overall pe riod (BW 411-1000 kg)

ADG kgd 096 092 095 093 004

ADF I kgd 260 254 260 249 005

G F kgkg 037 036 037 037 002

Growi ng period No additi on of Cu in A diet B C and D w ere fed basal diet wi th 35 rng Cukg by add ing

of CUS04 Cu-proteinate or T -PGA-Cu respective ly Finishing peri od No addit ion of Cu in A diet Band

C were fed basal diet w ith 35 mg and 5 mg Cu kg by adding of CUS0 4 respective ly D diet was added 5

mg Cukg as Cu -proteinate

ADG average dai ly ga in AD FI average da ily fee d intake GF ga infeed

a b Means within the sa me row wi thout the same su persc rip t are significa ntly differen t (P lt005)

~ ~M~ampM~ ~mbull bull ~reg 4 ~~~ R~h~~~M~~~ 4 middot~m~~m

711l r ~ fI~ ~qU middotiW f1l= ffit t~fEl m fl-1i~ 732-8 12 gd f[l3 2 1-48 1 Li d fm i5 j ieuroili ~0

m( 1993 ) ~3UI~ r ~ 1W~ fill~ 1ilRl f~~n OOiT SflHtJ U lIl lli 100 kg It] ~ Wl t ~hl VJ ~7J~

~ Iil fl[ ( an i ma l product io n un it A P U) jHH~ EJlamp JJRz tJntId~ 17 kg amp 33 L Nil tJtamp~l

( 2001) mHl lliHfI 100 kg ll1 l~ gH~B Y4ampDRZNF j1 It r~ 154- 166 kg amp 326 L bull 4 ~J~~m~ E

ftii iii~WllljJlyenjSF~MHf J 65 kg it ~lr amp iRz tJnUt ~F~ 143 kg d amp 277 Li d (Y~ ilrlt =F fl1J

Il6

tll~tt W1J fSI lffi ~41j I l ttlM ttlMtE lp tH~OOnrT TiJ lf liWiyen)] 1llt-i- 6Pi Wtltin CU2 gt bull Mg2

+ bull

Ca 2 + bull Fe 3

+ bull Zn 2 + ~ Jt l l 3Z t J f U Cu 2 Ji Zn 2 (r1 t5 CJ ) ] a ~t JFpx m JE JIf~ rf tl(IJ tll ~ ll

( Oberlaeas and Harland 1996 ) uHli~~ itli ampflJm l1fi] tli1 ep(I~no]~ 0

J~ IfGJ ~ ti iit ( 2000) IJI ~mQO] lJtepTIR~ -a 1 1 ~ J pound 35 ppm tJ T JiffJ1 (Cromwell 1991 0

Coffey et al 1994 Ap gar et al 1995) mit uij Iil ~ ll l$lm 250 ppm rm~ i1IHT~1 1W1CfW~J A1 amp ~ UJ 1lf ilm~~N bull fflIW 1)f1r-j amp iYX MniiJ fSI 7(~ aH ~ fi frE Mjfo] ~IJ24lt ampllJ ffJ ~Uf~ 10-30 (It

t1 ~nttr0ep m tf3 dltL11Hl7tiMi f6 m1 fn~I IJ~ ~ I P1k (Kornegay and Ha rper 1997 Doz ier et al 2003) 0

Armstrong et al (2004) mal fm UiiJf MffJ 125 ppm fl~Wijfo] ttH r nU-~ rp illlJ it rrr~~ 250 ppm MfM ilJ ilipoundj Veum et al (2004) m H tJ 50 ppm lli ~l~fJil lft1~t)lHl[jJiNtt flj ~~ 1$ 111250 ppm litL~il~0 ~

m tJpound~ijJj ltJ rJJl 4ltampW fr tt ~y 23 ZffitMlitw 13l11t f~m fj t1UlfiJ 1JrilJ~ j ]fi~ r~ JJ o t bull pl~ fti110

fJij tfil jEmJTWJ1oJi1m~ 1 ~vJ -pJf lJm t1 il ( 2005 ) tJ 1 mgmL r - ~~JWml ( -PGA) iJ~0 shy

eurol 10 mM CUS04 5H 20 tE pH 6-7 CJ~ffrF ift lfj -PGA l~Z fHiUfiiJ JUfi i5 ~f 1t 90 ~~ t~

jtftHn~ llllliiiJl~Hamp fii~ IilfHWlt 10 0 ~ -PGA W Cu 2 + iKfi II f11 Cu 2

+ f1iJm m l~U f th D~ ~~ 1iME

r5il~ 1ampiIT lm j(Ij 113~ f1 qlHnJ(J~1 t kf Rtflpound illfHl1fJJ IIJlJffi iffj tfpound fW[ iJ(-fJ uamp4lt ~f~ 1-1f=i ~ fJE i-i Cu ~ Z plusmn 1JJiJH lJ fHt J middot

IfrcX~ fif~H I rttt ~o] lltiZ lTJ if fJJreg (~~ 1iHa~ aiTI fIltLj lr~JJlJ~ rsJ ~~ )(j1 JltiWAO] fyenT WHfiU ~~~~~~mz~~ ~m~ Uamp~R~plusmn~tt~m~mtt~~~~ uamp~~mw~~m~m

O~ ~ 0

I f1Ir0 i1it~amp5Hft

iiiI J 17C 3jfr tm famp ~ I ( Co mplete ly Randomized De sign CRD) jll1IamptliHn 413 plusmn 13 kg (11

LD fE x~~1t 48 m I JJ 0 fltamp~ 9 m B- ~~ Witt~ A bull B bull C amp D~ 4 tfi U =E 71 - pound1_ mhj ~JjfgtHJfl~z f1f1] ~$Mi ( mtgmG~1j~1lt 1 ) ~ iI~W lf9 aii]m fi ftX 7JdJ t 11R bull A H1 ( fJ I~ H )

ttplusmn~-jtJjfD mrfJJ tgJtl ] lJm~ WJ -a rn rn B m 155 frJ 140 r~~ 1t fig fl~J l~ 3250 kcalk g A1 lpound IitlGfi] I bull B m C MI amp D ~WEI ~WJ 7)5 Ij (iHfr1J -E MtMl~J ffi rjlmi gt rl$JJlJritLIWW~ ( CuS045~bO GR ~amp Merck

Germany tf3$11iJ-li 25 1 ) ffi B ~r re -ampm ( ~H lW - m~ Trouw utr it ion ffW1Jll 10 ) ~

r -PGA ( f-(lJ (2005) t rt~fl 13 jIU 356) i ifiiJ 35 mgkg (j~ ftiJ ti bull IlBw WJ B JlJ$Z C HI 1Eyen lit~ l1OJ llli rp7J] tl ~gt ri~ 1Ju ~mM J1Jm~ r rt1 jf1u 35 DX 5 mgkg D Hllj faj Y ri~ 1JU~ I ~l ~~~~ ilI1]J ~A (jJ

fIjiJ 5 mgkg g I~Jm WJ~ middot31fit t1JillW (t ) 4 iiil nlt~Wlfrfl 4 jI1l 1 ~ Wl tlj 51Hamp m l~ l1H Jm0

~ 4M~0m ~IT~~ ~~~~M~~~ ft~~~~M~~ OO~yen~~mm

100 kg llifri ( 160 7 plusmn 38 f3ffi ) IiJ~5Hfl1jA~J1~W1 7-Iail~mJJ~m-tig-irfr jjf~MiffJ itHJ

~ middotl ~~Z~mmiddot ~ amp ~~ fi ~~~m r ~~~~~~~ J~

117

Table I The composition of experimental diets (kg)

Ingredients Grower Finisher

Yellow corn (CP 75 )

Soyb ean meal (CP 435 )

Fish meal (CP 60 )

Whcat bran

Mola sses

Limestone

Dicalcium phosphate

Choline chloride (50)

Sa lt

Vitamin premix

Mineral premix

Total

6700

1900

300

600

200

60

130

10

50

10

40

1000

6900

1960

600

200

100

140

10

40

10

40

1000

Vitamin premix provided per kilogram of diet as following Vitamin A 6000 lU Vitamin 03 800 IU

Vitamin B12 002 mg Vitamin E 20 IU Vitamin K3 4 mg Riboflavin 4 mg Pantothenic acid 16 mg

Niacin 30 mg Pyridoxine Img Fol ic ac id 05mg Biotin O lmg

Mineral premix provided per kilogram of diet as following Fe 140 mg Mn 20 mg Zn 70 mg T 045 mg

No addition of Cu in A diet B C and D were added 35 mg Cu as copper sulfate Cu-protcinate and Cu shy

Of PGA respectively

bullbullbull Mineral premix provided per kilogram of diet as follows Fe 140 mg Mn 20 mg Zn 70 mg I 045 mg

No add ition ofCu in A diet Band C were added 35 mg and 5 mg Cu as copper sulfate respectively D diet

was added 5 mg Cu as ell-proteinate

II iU1l1ijJt ~

( i ) ~t ~trn6 Wl if4r w~ JflJlfig-1 m j il ~ lvJ i- ffi 4 Ufi ~ m- f ~ i hlt~ ~Jm mH1 JtIi1 1 lflt HJHll lgJ L n~ tJlt

2 kgd (il tt lt 80X) 51 -F ~Fmiddot~~ jjl Jif flX JyenJ n~ rmUliJ mj jt q)dlhfiFX Dt uiD ~ M0

(bifif ~I EJJ IJ Lj f1 FG~ 1amp fIlWWiiJOiiJ f-f t l l~idIeuroIJ ~~ f-f j) g-rr r ~f~ ttji bull ( ii) iUMfjljfli l J 9d iiT 3 X(I1 $iIUtJJ c jfHj gzl~ W 4-6 )(E UJ llrr Tsect tJo 06

~ Crl0 3 mWfflJ rjJ 1JUA 40 mL 6 I L HCI bull llli fJ ifmVRqxW (iii) W~ UW~ 11 4-6 7 ~li1~ ~c $~ tJ l PR lslfr-ltiiW1-yen bull (iv) ~ 6 r] JjHiu i1H ~ill 10 mLi im )t ~EliuWlamp i~~ 1-yen bull (v) ml ~m~miEt1r iIt l ~j mll M~ jI rJfHfl l9~ ~~ ijEtmIE~fMf5b Jt ( m R 7if

11 8

~ ) m~ middot T~~~W-~ middot m~~bullbull~m middot ~~~mm~wmm ~~~~

ii rj-l i4 1i~ e

m IfilliJHtHR

ij~ ff tJj ~~tMi60JllH~ ffi~ ~T ~F 4 00 Ij ~b~n ( f~ ff~llX ) ~~8~tr 9 00 lrtn ietfttfrl 15 mLi liM ttL11 5 mL JJ Wf 1if ifJ([ l m rJ l tl l iW~51fJT ~ 10 mL I1 lj51ll1ftlillri1HamplJlHf bull

IV g~t W

~~~Mmmm~~ Mreg m 6 ~ ~0Ramp~~R~ 0~m t~~ 7

B ) J2i Jr~ J1HTmfW 1tJ tX ~ f4 1j5(f bull ~~m1Lurj t~flf bull N 1m WampOOrl- ( ttllfr cp flf1 1TJ ) bull ~

El lftj jftIJIttMl j51iJHamp tHf~ I 0-1 1 JtlJrtt FJl oT itri NnJll~tnyen c

v iJI ~ JE JtH~1 ampjJt~

( i ) ~N it Hg

icjfidiJtM PdJ a~tf ~ poundt ill ~t~ WntfH~ 2 ~ fyenW I 7x mWl ( ~m fl11 l [ilII 5- 10

kg) H ljm~fyen - I raquo mtttHfi t~ Jfj ampwlJ Mi1~ r ~t- tFIZ~ TIH3 m ~ ff ( ave rage dail y

feed intak e ADFI ) sji t~JB tt l ( ( ave rage dai ly ga in ADG ) ampallJyen4 ~gtC ( ga in feed GI

F ) c

( ii) mtmtplusmnlX -ftI( ~ i W ( 2005) ~~ il fJ1i~ tfu lf(ZJm4it~ ( 1988 ) L1J lm~ Ji deg

( iii) l~ amph 51 fJT

I j(5tmIJ Jt ~ Wl AOAC ( 1990 ) Ji rt illlJJiafiJ flI ffl ITf a Wf llill IDlJ$ bull 11 ~ )fINmiddot

ijfL ne tl-amp Ifil iJl1~ 7 ~ r shy2 f~~ h1)dl

51jJ1IJ JE7G)ix l3t 1ft f3 t1 r frl Ll11~ ll~ A 1)dl iit ( NEYTECH-2-525 ) tE 55 0-650degC

r11 ~ T J 1 1 J 6 Hl5 nIJftw litt ~ ~H fJ~ IUWI1 -i1 Mz ~ B1H3t wt 1i~ f$ fl1l M Jill rp ~tHrWmMz ~c~~ bull

3 JfnJ15 f lllJJi t~ tlb jJ( fI ~ fil j ramp iJu A 3N tyen1 JII ~ 10 mL j) tMEUiH~ 1fi1ft 35oc tt rMampillHT

llU iyen deg ~ M ~ j) R 1 it MUii~ amp JEtfi JJJm f rw ~ )I 7JtHN (Spec trop ho tom e te r 2 8 100

Hitach i ) mfj Ji~~ bull

VI McJr51if[

~l~11 fJg j)II Hy~~WLtiL ( H1f IlFf~J~~~ lf) mlJ jn ) f-( im ~Jt~ ft lj j)~ middotrrJfm 1f1Jii~ ~ Yil Ui t~UlJ

rXf Jamp ~~ t~ j m lT 51frr y = fJ + T+ E Jt ep y (-(~ illJfEl fJ tt~~ ttf 1~~ T f-tHiOJ mt rj-1 ifri] f5 ~mt E (-( ~ mH~ f lJm SAS ampti1t51irr g~ lX lWl E1 1 - middot ffIUgtHji I fjUyen (Genera l linear mo de l u

proc edure) Jth~1J51 frr (SA S 2002) j) LSMEA NS JCH~ )t fi ~ j-B JtAlHJJ C(J MJt~Jj 31 P] fFlampc ~

fi~ tamp~ Ifj JJ ff~J ~rr ~ JiUISFMHt mfj ~il (Duncan s New Mu ltiple Range Test) tt fi~ 0r J1MR IM lBJ 7pound

-W Mti~ i1

11 9

~~~ gijj f5j ~ g] fH~ t5Kf~ 51- 1JT6 if ln-tz 2 0 g lltWJf[]fl~W WJyen~ liUJm ( Ali) ~ Jfjj~

51-53 IJ~ 157 Hz 16 0 mgk g fffi B C s 0 U~N J t1J gJt tlpoundlli]iyenJ fs f WJ7t~ lJ ~ 58 5 56 9 raquo 46 2

mgk g ij~1fWHl IJ 51- ~ IJ ~ 59 7 28 0 raquo- 27 3 rugkg e

Growing per iod No addition of Cu in A diet B C and 0 were fed basal diet with 35 mg Cukg by adding

of CllS04 Cu -pro te inate or T -PGA-Cll respectively Fini sh ing period No addition of Cu in A diet B and

C were fed basal diet with 35 mg and 5 mg Cukg by adding of CUS0 4 respecti vel y 0 diet was added 5 mg

Cukg as Cu -prote inate

I CP crude protein (N X 625) DE digestible energy OM dry matter

The levels of copper and zinc in basal diets (diets OM basis) for growing o r fini shin g period were 160 and

335 rngkg and 96 and 3 17 rugk g respectivel y

3 Dry matter basis

ilriJ r11~ 1J0 1I6]~hzm1t~it-f~1lt~ampttHgz~~ ~ IJ 1raquo ~~ 3 ~~R Y1i Hpound 1 L~ Jm[j1~uJ Hamp~~0

ff1 lli I~ 0 ffJl ( rB~tJll r -PGA ~~ (j i1I1] ) 9H~~~iiJvill~ I kg 1-11-- JJU iJ 0 mz A OF I PMfith (P

lt 0 05) ~~ Jt fili = Km~ Y fft~f ~ f~ iHIJ yenff tai 130 BlMUiyenmt fO~]~ 70 kg l-jL ilfZ Im ~ii~ 1=rij~W JtJ3

~~ lf~ ~i~ jj IJfi IIj 0 HlYPfZ-~Jim1f~]PJ m 100 kg -ir mfti ai ~Jl tamp JJj rJliY1 AOG AO FI raquo GF

HlJ fbl lli 0 N RC ( 1998) H1 t1i ~IJ~~WHfJ 1t ( lIDJf 20-1 20 kg ) nJBjdJIijjm 1pound 742-92 3 mg rr~

iiii 3~~ A m 1 m L-j E - E t1l ~ lz ~ ~ flll] fll ( - 1 ) ~~HJT~ I N HJnn fl~ f=J WH~0n- f1 nj

I

ep 5JJJU Pi 157 amp 160 rngkg 8Jm tPfmiddotYJA DF I f1tn 250 -2 60 kg zlm (- 3 ) tf E(ttE afi] tlj1 ~p

nH~UJ( 39-42 rngd BJ1 JlJ bull jJt lsectlfreg ~i~ ll)J ffrJ sect uiiJ l~l r tj ffi =fftlfi ) ~ ( 0-35 mg kg diet ) H~ JJUm ~iliIMI1 M~

jJO rul i~ ( jH1HlG 1l~ f ) rJ1~ f~ ff0r ~n r~n ll1 ~tR l1tJg (ADG AD FI amp GF ) Jlt OO C reec h et al

(2004) 1le JlHm fI~J 59-109 kg nJ~~ ell]h$ 5 JJlJ rJ~ 1Jn 25 5 (1f~ tm~i~ ) ~lJ 5 mgkg (I ~~ iU

BJ ~~ WiWof- [fil liJtu11R JI IDfaJ ADG AD FI amp GF rJitJ llI z 5 middot -~ ll~ELQ JJ ~ jffJtJJjfJ l fiN niiJ LJ+ - sectJi13~ t~ jf(fW1~u] Jn ~ ffW9~ r~ JJ LI~iWIJ1J i ilt5tf IlITyen~m MLtJ m~ 1I

3 fJ ~ JJD~ f5J MZ~ftLgt~lN~1l5t~t1fjEZ~~

Tab le 3 Effect of adding var ious for ms of copper to diet on growth pe rfo rma nce of pigs

Groups A B C D SE

Growing per iod (BW 4 11-649 kg)

ADG t kgd 100 104 104 099 004

ADFI 1 kgd 250a 249a 253a 23Sb 004

1Ft kgkg 040 042 04 1 042 002

Finishing per iod (BW 727-100 0 kg)

ADG kgd 099 094 095 092 004

ADFI kgd 323 307 324 312 OOS

GIF kgkg 031 03 1 030 030 00 1

Overall pe riod (BW 411-1000 kg)

ADG kgd 096 092 095 093 004

ADF I kgd 260 254 260 249 005

G F kgkg 037 036 037 037 002

Growi ng period No additi on of Cu in A diet B C and D w ere fed basal diet wi th 35 rng Cukg by add ing

of CUS04 Cu-proteinate or T -PGA-Cu respective ly Finishing peri od No addit ion of Cu in A diet Band

C were fed basal diet w ith 35 mg and 5 mg Cu kg by adding of CUS0 4 respective ly D diet was added 5

mg Cukg as Cu -proteinate

ADG average dai ly ga in AD FI average da ily fee d intake GF ga infeed

a b Means within the sa me row wi thout the same su persc rip t are significa ntly differen t (P lt005)

~ ~M~ampM~ ~mbull bull ~reg 4 ~~~ R~h~~~M~~~ 4 middot~m~~m

711l r ~ fI~ ~qU middotiW f1l= ffit t~fEl m fl-1i~ 732-8 12 gd f[l3 2 1-48 1 Li d fm i5 j ieuroili ~0

m( 1993 ) ~3UI~ r ~ 1W~ fill~ 1ilRl f~~n OOiT SflHtJ U lIl lli 100 kg It] ~ Wl t ~hl VJ ~7J~

~ Iil fl[ ( an i ma l product io n un it A P U) jHH~ EJlamp JJRz tJntId~ 17 kg amp 33 L Nil tJtamp~l

( 2001) mHl lliHfI 100 kg ll1 l~ gH~B Y4ampDRZNF j1 It r~ 154- 166 kg amp 326 L bull 4 ~J~~m~ E

ftii iii~WllljJlyenjSF~MHf J 65 kg it ~lr amp iRz tJnUt ~F~ 143 kg d amp 277 Li d (Y~ ilrlt =F fl1J

117

Table I The composition of experimental diets (kg)

Ingredients Grower Finisher

Yellow corn (CP 75 )

Soyb ean meal (CP 435 )

Fish meal (CP 60 )

Whcat bran

Mola sses

Limestone

Dicalcium phosphate

Choline chloride (50)

Sa lt

Vitamin premix

Mineral premix

Total

6700

1900

300

600

200

60

130

10

50

10

40

1000

6900

1960

600

200

100

140

10

40

10

40

1000

Vitamin premix provided per kilogram of diet as following Vitamin A 6000 lU Vitamin 03 800 IU

Vitamin B12 002 mg Vitamin E 20 IU Vitamin K3 4 mg Riboflavin 4 mg Pantothenic acid 16 mg

Niacin 30 mg Pyridoxine Img Fol ic ac id 05mg Biotin O lmg

Mineral premix provided per kilogram of diet as following Fe 140 mg Mn 20 mg Zn 70 mg T 045 mg

No addition of Cu in A diet B C and D were added 35 mg Cu as copper sulfate Cu-protcinate and Cu shy

Of PGA respectively

bullbullbull Mineral premix provided per kilogram of diet as follows Fe 140 mg Mn 20 mg Zn 70 mg I 045 mg

No add ition ofCu in A diet Band C were added 35 mg and 5 mg Cu as copper sulfate respectively D diet

was added 5 mg Cu as ell-proteinate

II iU1l1ijJt ~

( i ) ~t ~trn6 Wl if4r w~ JflJlfig-1 m j il ~ lvJ i- ffi 4 Ufi ~ m- f ~ i hlt~ ~Jm mH1 JtIi1 1 lflt HJHll lgJ L n~ tJlt

2 kgd (il tt lt 80X) 51 -F ~Fmiddot~~ jjl Jif flX JyenJ n~ rmUliJ mj jt q)dlhfiFX Dt uiD ~ M0

(bifif ~I EJJ IJ Lj f1 FG~ 1amp fIlWWiiJOiiJ f-f t l l~idIeuroIJ ~~ f-f j) g-rr r ~f~ ttji bull ( ii) iUMfjljfli l J 9d iiT 3 X(I1 $iIUtJJ c jfHj gzl~ W 4-6 )(E UJ llrr Tsect tJo 06

~ Crl0 3 mWfflJ rjJ 1JUA 40 mL 6 I L HCI bull llli fJ ifmVRqxW (iii) W~ UW~ 11 4-6 7 ~li1~ ~c $~ tJ l PR lslfr-ltiiW1-yen bull (iv) ~ 6 r] JjHiu i1H ~ill 10 mLi im )t ~EliuWlamp i~~ 1-yen bull (v) ml ~m~miEt1r iIt l ~j mll M~ jI rJfHfl l9~ ~~ ijEtmIE~fMf5b Jt ( m R 7if

11 8

~ ) m~ middot T~~~W-~ middot m~~bullbull~m middot ~~~mm~wmm ~~~~

ii rj-l i4 1i~ e

m IfilliJHtHR

ij~ ff tJj ~~tMi60JllH~ ffi~ ~T ~F 4 00 Ij ~b~n ( f~ ff~llX ) ~~8~tr 9 00 lrtn ietfttfrl 15 mLi liM ttL11 5 mL JJ Wf 1if ifJ([ l m rJ l tl l iW~51fJT ~ 10 mL I1 lj51ll1ftlillri1HamplJlHf bull

IV g~t W

~~~Mmmm~~ Mreg m 6 ~ ~0Ramp~~R~ 0~m t~~ 7

B ) J2i Jr~ J1HTmfW 1tJ tX ~ f4 1j5(f bull ~~m1Lurj t~flf bull N 1m WampOOrl- ( ttllfr cp flf1 1TJ ) bull ~

El lftj jftIJIttMl j51iJHamp tHf~ I 0-1 1 JtlJrtt FJl oT itri NnJll~tnyen c

v iJI ~ JE JtH~1 ampjJt~

( i ) ~N it Hg

icjfidiJtM PdJ a~tf ~ poundt ill ~t~ WntfH~ 2 ~ fyenW I 7x mWl ( ~m fl11 l [ilII 5- 10

kg) H ljm~fyen - I raquo mtttHfi t~ Jfj ampwlJ Mi1~ r ~t- tFIZ~ TIH3 m ~ ff ( ave rage dail y

feed intak e ADFI ) sji t~JB tt l ( ( ave rage dai ly ga in ADG ) ampallJyen4 ~gtC ( ga in feed GI

F ) c

( ii) mtmtplusmnlX -ftI( ~ i W ( 2005) ~~ il fJ1i~ tfu lf(ZJm4it~ ( 1988 ) L1J lm~ Ji deg

( iii) l~ amph 51 fJT

I j(5tmIJ Jt ~ Wl AOAC ( 1990 ) Ji rt illlJJiafiJ flI ffl ITf a Wf llill IDlJ$ bull 11 ~ )fINmiddot

ijfL ne tl-amp Ifil iJl1~ 7 ~ r shy2 f~~ h1)dl

51jJ1IJ JE7G)ix l3t 1ft f3 t1 r frl Ll11~ ll~ A 1)dl iit ( NEYTECH-2-525 ) tE 55 0-650degC

r11 ~ T J 1 1 J 6 Hl5 nIJftw litt ~ ~H fJ~ IUWI1 -i1 Mz ~ B1H3t wt 1i~ f$ fl1l M Jill rp ~tHrWmMz ~c~~ bull

3 JfnJ15 f lllJJi t~ tlb jJ( fI ~ fil j ramp iJu A 3N tyen1 JII ~ 10 mL j) tMEUiH~ 1fi1ft 35oc tt rMampillHT

llU iyen deg ~ M ~ j) R 1 it MUii~ amp JEtfi JJJm f rw ~ )I 7JtHN (Spec trop ho tom e te r 2 8 100

Hitach i ) mfj Ji~~ bull

VI McJr51if[

~l~11 fJg j)II Hy~~WLtiL ( H1f IlFf~J~~~ lf) mlJ jn ) f-( im ~Jt~ ft lj j)~ middotrrJfm 1f1Jii~ ~ Yil Ui t~UlJ

rXf Jamp ~~ t~ j m lT 51frr y = fJ + T+ E Jt ep y (-(~ illJfEl fJ tt~~ ttf 1~~ T f-tHiOJ mt rj-1 ifri] f5 ~mt E (-( ~ mH~ f lJm SAS ampti1t51irr g~ lX lWl E1 1 - middot ffIUgtHji I fjUyen (Genera l linear mo de l u

proc edure) Jth~1J51 frr (SA S 2002) j) LSMEA NS JCH~ )t fi ~ j-B JtAlHJJ C(J MJt~Jj 31 P] fFlampc ~

fi~ tamp~ Ifj JJ ff~J ~rr ~ JiUISFMHt mfj ~il (Duncan s New Mu ltiple Range Test) tt fi~ 0r J1MR IM lBJ 7pound

-W Mti~ i1

11 9

~~~ gijj f5j ~ g] fH~ t5Kf~ 51- 1JT6 if ln-tz 2 0 g lltWJf[]fl~W WJyen~ liUJm ( Ali) ~ Jfjj~

51-53 IJ~ 157 Hz 16 0 mgk g fffi B C s 0 U~N J t1J gJt tlpoundlli]iyenJ fs f WJ7t~ lJ ~ 58 5 56 9 raquo 46 2

mgk g ij~1fWHl IJ 51- ~ IJ ~ 59 7 28 0 raquo- 27 3 rugkg e

Growing per iod No addition of Cu in A diet B C and 0 were fed basal diet with 35 mg Cukg by adding

of CllS04 Cu -pro te inate or T -PGA-Cll respectively Fini sh ing period No addition of Cu in A diet B and

C were fed basal diet with 35 mg and 5 mg Cukg by adding of CUS0 4 respecti vel y 0 diet was added 5 mg

Cukg as Cu -prote inate

I CP crude protein (N X 625) DE digestible energy OM dry matter

The levels of copper and zinc in basal diets (diets OM basis) for growing o r fini shin g period were 160 and

335 rngkg and 96 and 3 17 rugk g respectivel y

3 Dry matter basis

ilriJ r11~ 1J0 1I6]~hzm1t~it-f~1lt~ampttHgz~~ ~ IJ 1raquo ~~ 3 ~~R Y1i Hpound 1 L~ Jm[j1~uJ Hamp~~0

ff1 lli I~ 0 ffJl ( rB~tJll r -PGA ~~ (j i1I1] ) 9H~~~iiJvill~ I kg 1-11-- JJU iJ 0 mz A OF I PMfith (P

lt 0 05) ~~ Jt fili = Km~ Y fft~f ~ f~ iHIJ yenff tai 130 BlMUiyenmt fO~]~ 70 kg l-jL ilfZ Im ~ii~ 1=rij~W JtJ3

~~ lf~ ~i~ jj IJfi IIj 0 HlYPfZ-~Jim1f~]PJ m 100 kg -ir mfti ai ~Jl tamp JJj rJliY1 AOG AO FI raquo GF

HlJ fbl lli 0 N RC ( 1998) H1 t1i ~IJ~~WHfJ 1t ( lIDJf 20-1 20 kg ) nJBjdJIijjm 1pound 742-92 3 mg rr~

iiii 3~~ A m 1 m L-j E - E t1l ~ lz ~ ~ flll] fll ( - 1 ) ~~HJT~ I N HJnn fl~ f=J WH~0n- f1 nj

I

ep 5JJJU Pi 157 amp 160 rngkg 8Jm tPfmiddotYJA DF I f1tn 250 -2 60 kg zlm (- 3 ) tf E(ttE afi] tlj1 ~p

nH~UJ( 39-42 rngd BJ1 JlJ bull jJt lsectlfreg ~i~ ll)J ffrJ sect uiiJ l~l r tj ffi =fftlfi ) ~ ( 0-35 mg kg diet ) H~ JJUm ~iliIMI1 M~

jJO rul i~ ( jH1HlG 1l~ f ) rJ1~ f~ ff0r ~n r~n ll1 ~tR l1tJg (ADG AD FI amp GF ) Jlt OO C reec h et al

(2004) 1le JlHm fI~J 59-109 kg nJ~~ ell]h$ 5 JJlJ rJ~ 1Jn 25 5 (1f~ tm~i~ ) ~lJ 5 mgkg (I ~~ iU

BJ ~~ WiWof- [fil liJtu11R JI IDfaJ ADG AD FI amp GF rJitJ llI z 5 middot -~ ll~ELQ JJ ~ jffJtJJjfJ l fiN niiJ LJ+ - sectJi13~ t~ jf(fW1~u] Jn ~ ffW9~ r~ JJ LI~iWIJ1J i ilt5tf IlITyen~m MLtJ m~ 1I

3 fJ ~ JJD~ f5J MZ~ftLgt~lN~1l5t~t1fjEZ~~

Tab le 3 Effect of adding var ious for ms of copper to diet on growth pe rfo rma nce of pigs

Groups A B C D SE

Growing per iod (BW 4 11-649 kg)

ADG t kgd 100 104 104 099 004

ADFI 1 kgd 250a 249a 253a 23Sb 004

1Ft kgkg 040 042 04 1 042 002

Finishing per iod (BW 727-100 0 kg)

ADG kgd 099 094 095 092 004

ADFI kgd 323 307 324 312 OOS

GIF kgkg 031 03 1 030 030 00 1

Overall pe riod (BW 411-1000 kg)

ADG kgd 096 092 095 093 004

ADF I kgd 260 254 260 249 005

G F kgkg 037 036 037 037 002

Growi ng period No additi on of Cu in A diet B C and D w ere fed basal diet wi th 35 rng Cukg by add ing

of CUS04 Cu-proteinate or T -PGA-Cu respective ly Finishing peri od No addit ion of Cu in A diet Band

C were fed basal diet w ith 35 mg and 5 mg Cu kg by adding of CUS0 4 respective ly D diet was added 5

mg Cukg as Cu -proteinate

ADG average dai ly ga in AD FI average da ily fee d intake GF ga infeed

a b Means within the sa me row wi thout the same su persc rip t are significa ntly differen t (P lt005)

~ ~M~ampM~ ~mbull bull ~reg 4 ~~~ R~h~~~M~~~ 4 middot~m~~m

711l r ~ fI~ ~qU middotiW f1l= ffit t~fEl m fl-1i~ 732-8 12 gd f[l3 2 1-48 1 Li d fm i5 j ieuroili ~0

m( 1993 ) ~3UI~ r ~ 1W~ fill~ 1ilRl f~~n OOiT SflHtJ U lIl lli 100 kg It] ~ Wl t ~hl VJ ~7J~

~ Iil fl[ ( an i ma l product io n un it A P U) jHH~ EJlamp JJRz tJntId~ 17 kg amp 33 L Nil tJtamp~l

( 2001) mHl lliHfI 100 kg ll1 l~ gH~B Y4ampDRZNF j1 It r~ 154- 166 kg amp 326 L bull 4 ~J~~m~ E

ftii iii~WllljJlyenjSF~MHf J 65 kg it ~lr amp iRz tJnUt ~F~ 143 kg d amp 277 Li d (Y~ ilrlt =F fl1J

11 8

~ ) m~ middot T~~~W-~ middot m~~bullbull~m middot ~~~mm~wmm ~~~~

ii rj-l i4 1i~ e

m IfilliJHtHR

ij~ ff tJj ~~tMi60JllH~ ffi~ ~T ~F 4 00 Ij ~b~n ( f~ ff~llX ) ~~8~tr 9 00 lrtn ietfttfrl 15 mLi liM ttL11 5 mL JJ Wf 1if ifJ([ l m rJ l tl l iW~51fJT ~ 10 mL I1 lj51ll1ftlillri1HamplJlHf bull

IV g~t W

~~~Mmmm~~ Mreg m 6 ~ ~0Ramp~~R~ 0~m t~~ 7

B ) J2i Jr~ J1HTmfW 1tJ tX ~ f4 1j5(f bull ~~m1Lurj t~flf bull N 1m WampOOrl- ( ttllfr cp flf1 1TJ ) bull ~

El lftj jftIJIttMl j51iJHamp tHf~ I 0-1 1 JtlJrtt FJl oT itri NnJll~tnyen c

v iJI ~ JE JtH~1 ampjJt~

( i ) ~N it Hg

icjfidiJtM PdJ a~tf ~ poundt ill ~t~ WntfH~ 2 ~ fyenW I 7x mWl ( ~m fl11 l [ilII 5- 10

kg) H ljm~fyen - I raquo mtttHfi t~ Jfj ampwlJ Mi1~ r ~t- tFIZ~ TIH3 m ~ ff ( ave rage dail y

feed intak e ADFI ) sji t~JB tt l ( ( ave rage dai ly ga in ADG ) ampallJyen4 ~gtC ( ga in feed GI

F ) c

( ii) mtmtplusmnlX -ftI( ~ i W ( 2005) ~~ il fJ1i~ tfu lf(ZJm4it~ ( 1988 ) L1J lm~ Ji deg

( iii) l~ amph 51 fJT

I j(5tmIJ Jt ~ Wl AOAC ( 1990 ) Ji rt illlJJiafiJ flI ffl ITf a Wf llill IDlJ$ bull 11 ~ )fINmiddot

ijfL ne tl-amp Ifil iJl1~ 7 ~ r shy2 f~~ h1)dl

51jJ1IJ JE7G)ix l3t 1ft f3 t1 r frl Ll11~ ll~ A 1)dl iit ( NEYTECH-2-525 ) tE 55 0-650degC

r11 ~ T J 1 1 J 6 Hl5 nIJftw litt ~ ~H fJ~ IUWI1 -i1 Mz ~ B1H3t wt 1i~ f$ fl1l M Jill rp ~tHrWmMz ~c~~ bull

3 JfnJ15 f lllJJi t~ tlb jJ( fI ~ fil j ramp iJu A 3N tyen1 JII ~ 10 mL j) tMEUiH~ 1fi1ft 35oc tt rMampillHT

llU iyen deg ~ M ~ j) R 1 it MUii~ amp JEtfi JJJm f rw ~ )I 7JtHN (Spec trop ho tom e te r 2 8 100

Hitach i ) mfj Ji~~ bull

VI McJr51if[

~l~11 fJg j)II Hy~~WLtiL ( H1f IlFf~J~~~ lf) mlJ jn ) f-( im ~Jt~ ft lj j)~ middotrrJfm 1f1Jii~ ~ Yil Ui t~UlJ

rXf Jamp ~~ t~ j m lT 51frr y = fJ + T+ E Jt ep y (-(~ illJfEl fJ tt~~ ttf 1~~ T f-tHiOJ mt rj-1 ifri] f5 ~mt E (-( ~ mH~ f lJm SAS ampti1t51irr g~ lX lWl E1 1 - middot ffIUgtHji I fjUyen (Genera l linear mo de l u

proc edure) Jth~1J51 frr (SA S 2002) j) LSMEA NS JCH~ )t fi ~ j-B JtAlHJJ C(J MJt~Jj 31 P] fFlampc ~

fi~ tamp~ Ifj JJ ff~J ~rr ~ JiUISFMHt mfj ~il (Duncan s New Mu ltiple Range Test) tt fi~ 0r J1MR IM lBJ 7pound

-W Mti~ i1

11 9

~~~ gijj f5j ~ g] fH~ t5Kf~ 51- 1JT6 if ln-tz 2 0 g lltWJf[]fl~W WJyen~ liUJm ( Ali) ~ Jfjj~

51-53 IJ~ 157 Hz 16 0 mgk g fffi B C s 0 U~N J t1J gJt tlpoundlli]iyenJ fs f WJ7t~ lJ ~ 58 5 56 9 raquo 46 2

mgk g ij~1fWHl IJ 51- ~ IJ ~ 59 7 28 0 raquo- 27 3 rugkg e

Growing per iod No addition of Cu in A diet B C and 0 were fed basal diet with 35 mg Cukg by adding

of CllS04 Cu -pro te inate or T -PGA-Cll respectively Fini sh ing period No addition of Cu in A diet B and

C were fed basal diet with 35 mg and 5 mg Cukg by adding of CUS0 4 respecti vel y 0 diet was added 5 mg

Cukg as Cu -prote inate

I CP crude protein (N X 625) DE digestible energy OM dry matter

The levels of copper and zinc in basal diets (diets OM basis) for growing o r fini shin g period were 160 and

335 rngkg and 96 and 3 17 rugk g respectivel y

3 Dry matter basis

ilriJ r11~ 1J0 1I6]~hzm1t~it-f~1lt~ampttHgz~~ ~ IJ 1raquo ~~ 3 ~~R Y1i Hpound 1 L~ Jm[j1~uJ Hamp~~0

ff1 lli I~ 0 ffJl ( rB~tJll r -PGA ~~ (j i1I1] ) 9H~~~iiJvill~ I kg 1-11-- JJU iJ 0 mz A OF I PMfith (P

lt 0 05) ~~ Jt fili = Km~ Y fft~f ~ f~ iHIJ yenff tai 130 BlMUiyenmt fO~]~ 70 kg l-jL ilfZ Im ~ii~ 1=rij~W JtJ3

~~ lf~ ~i~ jj IJfi IIj 0 HlYPfZ-~Jim1f~]PJ m 100 kg -ir mfti ai ~Jl tamp JJj rJliY1 AOG AO FI raquo GF

HlJ fbl lli 0 N RC ( 1998) H1 t1i ~IJ~~WHfJ 1t ( lIDJf 20-1 20 kg ) nJBjdJIijjm 1pound 742-92 3 mg rr~

iiii 3~~ A m 1 m L-j E - E t1l ~ lz ~ ~ flll] fll ( - 1 ) ~~HJT~ I N HJnn fl~ f=J WH~0n- f1 nj

I

ep 5JJJU Pi 157 amp 160 rngkg 8Jm tPfmiddotYJA DF I f1tn 250 -2 60 kg zlm (- 3 ) tf E(ttE afi] tlj1 ~p

nH~UJ( 39-42 rngd BJ1 JlJ bull jJt lsectlfreg ~i~ ll)J ffrJ sect uiiJ l~l r tj ffi =fftlfi ) ~ ( 0-35 mg kg diet ) H~ JJUm ~iliIMI1 M~

jJO rul i~ ( jH1HlG 1l~ f ) rJ1~ f~ ff0r ~n r~n ll1 ~tR l1tJg (ADG AD FI amp GF ) Jlt OO C reec h et al

(2004) 1le JlHm fI~J 59-109 kg nJ~~ ell]h$ 5 JJlJ rJ~ 1Jn 25 5 (1f~ tm~i~ ) ~lJ 5 mgkg (I ~~ iU

BJ ~~ WiWof- [fil liJtu11R JI IDfaJ ADG AD FI amp GF rJitJ llI z 5 middot -~ ll~ELQ JJ ~ jffJtJJjfJ l fiN niiJ LJ+ - sectJi13~ t~ jf(fW1~u] Jn ~ ffW9~ r~ JJ LI~iWIJ1J i ilt5tf IlITyen~m MLtJ m~ 1I

3 fJ ~ JJD~ f5J MZ~ftLgt~lN~1l5t~t1fjEZ~~

Tab le 3 Effect of adding var ious for ms of copper to diet on growth pe rfo rma nce of pigs

Groups A B C D SE

Growing per iod (BW 4 11-649 kg)

ADG t kgd 100 104 104 099 004

ADFI 1 kgd 250a 249a 253a 23Sb 004

1Ft kgkg 040 042 04 1 042 002

Finishing per iod (BW 727-100 0 kg)

ADG kgd 099 094 095 092 004

ADFI kgd 323 307 324 312 OOS

GIF kgkg 031 03 1 030 030 00 1

Overall pe riod (BW 411-1000 kg)

ADG kgd 096 092 095 093 004

ADF I kgd 260 254 260 249 005

G F kgkg 037 036 037 037 002

Growi ng period No additi on of Cu in A diet B C and D w ere fed basal diet wi th 35 rng Cukg by add ing

of CUS04 Cu-proteinate or T -PGA-Cu respective ly Finishing peri od No addit ion of Cu in A diet Band

C were fed basal diet w ith 35 mg and 5 mg Cu kg by adding of CUS0 4 respective ly D diet was added 5

mg Cukg as Cu -proteinate

ADG average dai ly ga in AD FI average da ily fee d intake GF ga infeed

a b Means within the sa me row wi thout the same su persc rip t are significa ntly differen t (P lt005)

~ ~M~ampM~ ~mbull bull ~reg 4 ~~~ R~h~~~M~~~ 4 middot~m~~m

711l r ~ fI~ ~qU middotiW f1l= ffit t~fEl m fl-1i~ 732-8 12 gd f[l3 2 1-48 1 Li d fm i5 j ieuroili ~0

m( 1993 ) ~3UI~ r ~ 1W~ fill~ 1ilRl f~~n OOiT SflHtJ U lIl lli 100 kg It] ~ Wl t ~hl VJ ~7J~

~ Iil fl[ ( an i ma l product io n un it A P U) jHH~ EJlamp JJRz tJntId~ 17 kg amp 33 L Nil tJtamp~l

( 2001) mHl lliHfI 100 kg ll1 l~ gH~B Y4ampDRZNF j1 It r~ 154- 166 kg amp 326 L bull 4 ~J~~m~ E

ftii iii~WllljJlyenjSF~MHf J 65 kg it ~lr amp iRz tJnUt ~F~ 143 kg d amp 277 Li d (Y~ ilrlt =F fl1J

11 9

~~~ gijj f5j ~ g] fH~ t5Kf~ 51- 1JT6 if ln-tz 2 0 g lltWJf[]fl~W WJyen~ liUJm ( Ali) ~ Jfjj~

51-53 IJ~ 157 Hz 16 0 mgk g fffi B C s 0 U~N J t1J gJt tlpoundlli]iyenJ fs f WJ7t~ lJ ~ 58 5 56 9 raquo 46 2

mgk g ij~1fWHl IJ 51- ~ IJ ~ 59 7 28 0 raquo- 27 3 rugkg e

Growing per iod No addition of Cu in A diet B C and 0 were fed basal diet with 35 mg Cukg by adding

of CllS04 Cu -pro te inate or T -PGA-Cll respectively Fini sh ing period No addition of Cu in A diet B and

C were fed basal diet with 35 mg and 5 mg Cukg by adding of CUS0 4 respecti vel y 0 diet was added 5 mg

Cukg as Cu -prote inate

I CP crude protein (N X 625) DE digestible energy OM dry matter

The levels of copper and zinc in basal diets (diets OM basis) for growing o r fini shin g period were 160 and

335 rngkg and 96 and 3 17 rugk g respectivel y

3 Dry matter basis

ilriJ r11~ 1J0 1I6]~hzm1t~it-f~1lt~ampttHgz~~ ~ IJ 1raquo ~~ 3 ~~R Y1i Hpound 1 L~ Jm[j1~uJ Hamp~~0

ff1 lli I~ 0 ffJl ( rB~tJll r -PGA ~~ (j i1I1] ) 9H~~~iiJvill~ I kg 1-11-- JJU iJ 0 mz A OF I PMfith (P

lt 0 05) ~~ Jt fili = Km~ Y fft~f ~ f~ iHIJ yenff tai 130 BlMUiyenmt fO~]~ 70 kg l-jL ilfZ Im ~ii~ 1=rij~W JtJ3

~~ lf~ ~i~ jj IJfi IIj 0 HlYPfZ-~Jim1f~]PJ m 100 kg -ir mfti ai ~Jl tamp JJj rJliY1 AOG AO FI raquo GF

HlJ fbl lli 0 N RC ( 1998) H1 t1i ~IJ~~WHfJ 1t ( lIDJf 20-1 20 kg ) nJBjdJIijjm 1pound 742-92 3 mg rr~

iiii 3~~ A m 1 m L-j E - E t1l ~ lz ~ ~ flll] fll ( - 1 ) ~~HJT~ I N HJnn fl~ f=J WH~0n- f1 nj

I

ep 5JJJU Pi 157 amp 160 rngkg 8Jm tPfmiddotYJA DF I f1tn 250 -2 60 kg zlm (- 3 ) tf E(ttE afi] tlj1 ~p

nH~UJ( 39-42 rngd BJ1 JlJ bull jJt lsectlfreg ~i~ ll)J ffrJ sect uiiJ l~l r tj ffi =fftlfi ) ~ ( 0-35 mg kg diet ) H~ JJUm ~iliIMI1 M~

jJO rul i~ ( jH1HlG 1l~ f ) rJ1~ f~ ff0r ~n r~n ll1 ~tR l1tJg (ADG AD FI amp GF ) Jlt OO C reec h et al

(2004) 1le JlHm fI~J 59-109 kg nJ~~ ell]h$ 5 JJlJ rJ~ 1Jn 25 5 (1f~ tm~i~ ) ~lJ 5 mgkg (I ~~ iU

BJ ~~ WiWof- [fil liJtu11R JI IDfaJ ADG AD FI amp GF rJitJ llI z 5 middot -~ ll~ELQ JJ ~ jffJtJJjfJ l fiN niiJ LJ+ - sectJi13~ t~ jf(fW1~u] Jn ~ ffW9~ r~ JJ LI~iWIJ1J i ilt5tf IlITyen~m MLtJ m~ 1I

3 fJ ~ JJD~ f5J MZ~ftLgt~lN~1l5t~t1fjEZ~~

Tab le 3 Effect of adding var ious for ms of copper to diet on growth pe rfo rma nce of pigs

Groups A B C D SE

Growing per iod (BW 4 11-649 kg)

ADG t kgd 100 104 104 099 004

ADFI 1 kgd 250a 249a 253a 23Sb 004

1Ft kgkg 040 042 04 1 042 002

Finishing per iod (BW 727-100 0 kg)

ADG kgd 099 094 095 092 004

ADFI kgd 323 307 324 312 OOS

GIF kgkg 031 03 1 030 030 00 1

Overall pe riod (BW 411-1000 kg)

ADG kgd 096 092 095 093 004

ADF I kgd 260 254 260 249 005

G F kgkg 037 036 037 037 002

Growi ng period No additi on of Cu in A diet B C and D w ere fed basal diet wi th 35 rng Cukg by add ing

of CUS04 Cu-proteinate or T -PGA-Cu respective ly Finishing peri od No addit ion of Cu in A diet Band

C were fed basal diet w ith 35 mg and 5 mg Cu kg by adding of CUS0 4 respective ly D diet was added 5

mg Cukg as Cu -proteinate

ADG average dai ly ga in AD FI average da ily fee d intake GF ga infeed

a b Means within the sa me row wi thout the same su persc rip t are significa ntly differen t (P lt005)

~ ~M~ampM~ ~mbull bull ~reg 4 ~~~ R~h~~~M~~~ 4 middot~m~~m

711l r ~ fI~ ~qU middotiW f1l= ffit t~fEl m fl-1i~ 732-8 12 gd f[l3 2 1-48 1 Li d fm i5 j ieuroili ~0

m( 1993 ) ~3UI~ r ~ 1W~ fill~ 1ilRl f~~n OOiT SflHtJ U lIl lli 100 kg It] ~ Wl t ~hl VJ ~7J~

~ Iil fl[ ( an i ma l product io n un it A P U) jHH~ EJlamp JJRz tJntId~ 17 kg amp 33 L Nil tJtamp~l

( 2001) mHl lliHfI 100 kg ll1 l~ gH~B Y4ampDRZNF j1 It r~ 154- 166 kg amp 326 L bull 4 ~J~~m~ E

ftii iii~WllljJlyenjSF~MHf J 65 kg it ~lr amp iRz tJnUt ~F~ 143 kg d amp 277 Li d (Y~ ilrlt =F fl1J

I

ep 5JJJU Pi 157 amp 160 rngkg 8Jm tPfmiddotYJA DF I f1tn 250 -2 60 kg zlm (- 3 ) tf E(ttE afi] tlj1 ~p

nH~UJ( 39-42 rngd BJ1 JlJ bull jJt lsectlfreg ~i~ ll)J ffrJ sect uiiJ l~l r tj ffi =fftlfi ) ~ ( 0-35 mg kg diet ) H~ JJUm ~iliIMI1 M~

jJO rul i~ ( jH1HlG 1l~ f ) rJ1~ f~ ff0r ~n r~n ll1 ~tR l1tJg (ADG AD FI amp GF ) Jlt OO C reec h et al

(2004) 1le JlHm fI~J 59-109 kg nJ~~ ell]h$ 5 JJlJ rJ~ 1Jn 25 5 (1f~ tm~i~ ) ~lJ 5 mgkg (I ~~ iU

BJ ~~ WiWof- [fil liJtu11R JI IDfaJ ADG AD FI amp GF rJitJ llI z 5 middot -~ ll~ELQ JJ ~ jffJtJJjfJ l fiN niiJ LJ+ - sectJi13~ t~ jf(fW1~u] Jn ~ ffW9~ r~ JJ LI~iWIJ1J i ilt5tf IlITyen~m MLtJ m~ 1I

3 fJ ~ JJD~ f5J MZ~ftLgt~lN~1l5t~t1fjEZ~~

Tab le 3 Effect of adding var ious for ms of copper to diet on growth pe rfo rma nce of pigs

Groups A B C D SE

Growing per iod (BW 4 11-649 kg)

ADG t kgd 100 104 104 099 004

ADFI 1 kgd 250a 249a 253a 23Sb 004

1Ft kgkg 040 042 04 1 042 002

Finishing per iod (BW 727-100 0 kg)

ADG kgd 099 094 095 092 004

ADFI kgd 323 307 324 312 OOS

GIF kgkg 031 03 1 030 030 00 1

Overall pe riod (BW 411-1000 kg)

ADG kgd 096 092 095 093 004

ADF I kgd 260 254 260 249 005

G F kgkg 037 036 037 037 002

Growi ng period No additi on of Cu in A diet B C and D w ere fed basal diet wi th 35 rng Cukg by add ing

of CUS04 Cu-proteinate or T -PGA-Cu respective ly Finishing peri od No addit ion of Cu in A diet Band

C were fed basal diet w ith 35 mg and 5 mg Cu kg by adding of CUS0 4 respective ly D diet was added 5

mg Cukg as Cu -proteinate

ADG average dai ly ga in AD FI average da ily fee d intake GF ga infeed

a b Means within the sa me row wi thout the same su persc rip t are significa ntly differen t (P lt005)

~ ~M~ampM~ ~mbull bull ~reg 4 ~~~ R~h~~~M~~~ 4 middot~m~~m

711l r ~ fI~ ~qU middotiW f1l= ffit t~fEl m fl-1i~ 732-8 12 gd f[l3 2 1-48 1 Li d fm i5 j ieuroili ~0

m( 1993 ) ~3UI~ r ~ 1W~ fill~ 1ilRl f~~n OOiT SflHtJ U lIl lli 100 kg It] ~ Wl t ~hl VJ ~7J~

~ Iil fl[ ( an i ma l product io n un it A P U) jHH~ EJlamp JJRz tJntId~ 17 kg amp 33 L Nil tJtamp~l

( 2001) mHl lliHfI 100 kg ll1 l~ gH~B Y4ampDRZNF j1 It r~ 154- 166 kg amp 326 L bull 4 ~J~~m~ E

ftii iii~WllljJlyenjSF~MHf J 65 kg it ~lr amp iRz tJnUt ~F~ 143 kg d amp 277 Li d (Y~ ilrlt =F fl1J

121

tJ 0X4 APU fifll-z ) ttt t1il ilj~ jfmUftLuJlMtHl=I ti= mi~~jff frllH1i ~amp fjfILamp aJ M klrjJUmiddotFrHfj ) lli GUk

Z If]1Iif ffi j lH1 ~ ilit ll IJHJ11 z illW bull A rI~ ID iiZ~W r ilrtli~ Jrr~~ It~~ ft ftltrID f~ fLt 0 fJ3 m fJm~gr tpound ~~ B m C ru j IM fiM1iY rp jfnJi~L ~amp fU~ ~ middot irffi AOFI amp~ HnttL ~ f [])[ 1)j yen f~trJl fu l J WJtilli Ifx middot amp t1~ ilit middot1 pound ~i1 middotjl ~p WtJ iS JJr fl~ lftmb~ JlVN~ (1992 ) amp rcech et poundII

(2004) iiJf~fm tplusmn m jjpound ifuJ iI~ lft lljtFyenf Qil lfCjf L Jtj JJufffi tJiyenJjz iiHtliB= 1fmi ~lID PJ mut f ljm (I1 jfnJplusmn

~ f Et lm fl tJ~ lplusmnj ( Unde rw ood 1977 ) ITii ~J a~ 17jUiHJnll illi f~njj fi1 middot

4 I1riUI i0)Jfl1~ I jJ ttzilUJ ft f1~J~Wlt $ltl1lttJF7Itt Z ~~

Table 4 Effect of adding various forms of co pper to diet on feces and urine excretion of pigs

Groups A B C 0 SE

IBW I kg 634 663 65 8 639 29

OMI g1d 1764 1720 1761 1697 25

Fecal

Excretion gd 81 2 732 87 3 736 58

Mo isture 69 03 6901 68 99 6862 10S

OM gd 250 225 271 231 16

Copper (OM) mgkg 567 1684 1550 l290b 62

Copper

Intake mgd 2S 2 1028 1042 888b 14

icca l mgid 142c 37Sh 420 30 1b 27

Digestibility 4970b 632 59 74h 6618 332

Urinary excretion Lid 4 81 478 32 l 385 110

lt Growing period No addition of Cu in A diet B C and 0 were fed basal diet with 35 mg Cukg by adding

of ellSO Cu-prore inate or T -PGA-ClI respectively Finishing period No addition of Cu in A diet Band

C were fed basal diet with 35 mg and 5 mg Cukg by adding of ClISO respectively 0 diet was added 5

mg Cukg as Cu-prote inate

I IBW initial body weight OM dry matter intake OM dry matter

b Means within the same row without the same superscript arc sign ificantly different (P lt 005)

~~M~~~ ~~Rwreg~ ~mreg~tt~ ~~7~~~mz ffiM~~~~

~ Wills ~i[reg fJ(1 ill - tf tHJfEl lli (w 5 ) rm A ffl (tfi y~tjJJu1iq ) Jtnm rpli~m i~lt~~tt

1tP=JnYHBlli m15FWQiiJ tJ- ~ - R fB1tfJplusmn J ijyen4(lJQUJ f ~O~t~ J[Jir~~5amp~ IR ltreg~ rpZ

~ ~~ II Hi(llf ampI(I II~1 bull B MiTll C HHt l IFtl middot ll ])lJlj lfj H~ 1Jll liml~3HlIiJ~~~ A(]~J ilJ 35 t [J 5

rugkg ~~5t middottfr aFD middot rtlifnl~ldl IJ 1y 585 fn 28 0 mgkg ( ~ 2 ) ifUBW~~ I (lliFiLjqJ(J i1iiJ ipoundUrr ti~jt

~ c W1t iyenj ( ~ 5) IJiJ Vcum et a1 (2004) frff JC Z fiW illJ J1t 11z ~iJ iC~ m Ifj~al1J fll rp (I1Jlii1p- l ( 0

VI 250 ppm ) it7JJIlffi] H1I~j 2i ( 1992 ) tEli - ~IHn EJ uiiJfftl ( d 35 6 ppm (I~~~ ) 1115jJJ lj rJiY~i0

)Jn fu1EI~Hl~ JiUJ-g iltiJ 0 5 10 30 raquo 50 mg kg fil1 ~iY f~ IT jtJj ~fltt ~r~1ampIIl 1tr~]ziftJ iC~ JlrMi~ffoJ f tjJ

(I J~ -a ~ )J [J rfff~FiHJpound ltGZ~ Mii L)amp Creech et poundII (2004) tEflfHfi1f1 59-109 kg lY-Jflj ~W1I 9l5gt ]

122

$)JO 25 ( f1if~~ ) 5 ( l~ l~ Jt ) Ill 5 mg k g ( ~ril~ r) 1JIliltl ij-ltH1yenHfrtl ijiJJU25 mgkg icin rJJ~ ~ tpoundn~fi WJIin 9Jt cjJ illH ifiWl]ilF1Jgtili ijf~ Jt ftC-ffiJtij L jjJF)UftJitlN 0 ~ lHr ~rlh i q l iJiiJ IjJ

im fJt fl 1i~ 200-300 u gdL ijS( L il lie et al (19 77) mUJ J(f ~ tF lJ m 10-100 kg 1fi1 J (ll m rjJ (lj i1~ iJlMpound

flli2- 127-141 ppm ( Ull 127- 141 ji g dL ) nU~1~~ r j

f 5 to] rfi )JU =f [6]~~ZiIJ 1 1 tWtHr1t JiIl1B tt IJ~EiJ~

Table 5 Effect of adding various forms of copper to diet on blood trait of pigs

Groups A B C D Sf

Cu Ii gdL 249 1gt 3011 198 1gt 239 middot0 35

Fe u g1dL 121 130 127 III 9

Fer ritin nglmL 21 23 20 22 3

RBC X 106uL 71 72 69 70 02

Hemog lobin gdL 127 134 128 128 03

Growing period No addition of Cu in A diet B C and D were fed basal diet with 35 mg Cukg by adding

of CUS04 Cu-proteinate or r -PGA-Cu respectively Finishing period No addition of Cu in A diet Band

C were fed basal diet with 35 mg and 5 mg Cukg by adding of CUS04 respectively D diet was added 5

mg Culkg as Cu-proteinate

a 0 Means wi thin the same row without the same superscript are significantly different (P lt005)

~~~~~~ ~~~m~mmffi~ZR~ ( ~0Ramp~~R~~ ) =m~ttrn ~

ffmntt~~~ M~~6 middot~~mBM mOOm moom mm ~ middot ~~~m mm~~

~ H~ Jtj --el11 I~HJJFr39t] fsectili m7f tEJJ - ~ - R yenB F~plusmnpoundIh(f-HI-g aiiJm lj J iffiHJ~ JJ l l 0- 35 mg

kg (jjf~riJ f3Lltpoundie ~R H fJrl t t Hf JlU1il Ward el al (1991) amp My er et al ( 1992) mH Qu t ittj=I $[iiJ --amp5 (0 vs 250 ppm ) =f lt ifIHHr i11f21t Hkz yentHIH0f)) g6Jm $ 1Jo f rnJM~ Z~ 1UJJ~HIi 5iiWiepM~T ~ flH~ 7J~ fj~ K 7 Jtcf-1RHl )JiOOampln lJil

Z ilUlfiHH x~ ~J- Luo and Dove (1996) f IJfJliHLjlilf iliiO~ jfli) r~ OJ fff flWGflLZJfil~-f) middot -tHl ra1 lJT- lii WIliampI-T k M tj=I mFtJ fimh fHili B ~U lffj i+ ~H jJjICbZ fJ~ lli rj liY-J l1ilJ ~1fti liWJY lJUm1sect1jpoundinx A W D W D rJJ1R C Wh~ middot Luo and Dove (1996) tpound W1fffilruj ql liM ~ tJ~ JII lifit ~l1 ij imll J (I1 11I iJ 15

amp 250 ppm 2imtfi1Jo 250 ppm MI=f JiiUIJfIti bull Im ili IrJZ ~Jl iNJ iJj ~~alMflmiddot Jff Mli~ plusmntl ~ix tJ~ J 1I 15 ppm ffimiddot ~

toit de Li ma et al ( 198 1) WJ tJmj ~ i0 )Jn fvfE Wm ~ c (IJJ Jfrtl 0 amp 250 ppm QltiJ 1h i1w~~tI~ Jmm i jmmgnj t ~ )J D 250 ppm fi tt nr~ qr (f] jfnj~ tfrx1lri)HiiJU f~ r -jzyenfJiiU rJffrl4 ~~ ~ ~~~iiHfI

5 iffi Prince et at (1984) mtH Jt fJ-rJJl r jl Jfi tl (jJJ iJ ~-i MuiHJn Ml7middotj)ji1JIIjii] tEfmw 93 kg 1Ij)ti ~~ 3 2 ~m ~W ~ ~~ ffi~ middot ~~~ IJT-~~~ ~ff~~~ q ~m~~~~~ ffimW

lm ~ i fflZ IDampI wJml rJg ~WfL 1rT A ~ ~x ~ iI W lfl JR fiiDf+miJJrJ 35 mgkg 1p tl~ B ~H Lt ftJ r I LfJ ~ riiJ~shy

Bl3 mllt tt~EHl ~riii (P - 0 05 ) ~iI~tEmYFif tJ iltl 100 kg IRHEYf l[xt JfJJ lliN Jild ljJ iI Jj[ f l

~ 67- 102 ppm lW~ft lJ flm 159-212 ppm ri1 W Luo and Dove (19 96) iJf ~do Hj j w ~t ftrTI rJi1 ifnJ

-a- 15 vs 2 50 ppm 7JJ1J 1raquog)atJmi rtlllOJIYJ iK~ 1Jl 1-g 08 8 VI 090 ppm i1fi)JqJlliq~ friJ (I J iJ~JJt fllJYJjJlfj~

00 8 ppm ~~ 8JHm PZ~j bull Lillie et al (1977) mil 1 Jm amp~ Q uj kJ=E gtf~ - TIfllh tllq f4 ~j

12J

)7h~JJu jf01 H~ il~Jfl it 1n fJ klmill 100 kg U J Jti ~ 1t nfljl fH~f0 1f lH lIn rjlI~i~ ipoundlJJl 7 )J U 1~ 26 0

33 9 WI 15 ppm n U ljiJ f ~it~ fi~HtHlI 0

Table 6 Effect of adding vari ous forms of copper to diet on carcass characteristics of pigs

Groups A B D

Number of pigs 6 6 6 ()

Slaughter age day 1655 1664 1664 l li5 l 16

Slaughter weight kg 1080 107 7 105 7 106 4 15

Carcass weight kg 89 1 X97 876 X79 I ID

Carcass length em 1000 100J 98 4 90 1 0 9

Backfat thickness mm 224 22 6 231 26 2 16

Percentage lean 5178 50 79 52 67 5198 0 60

PCI cntage fat 1267 1382 134 9 1302 084

Growing period No addition of Cu in A diet B C and D were fed basal diet with 35 mg Cukg by adding

of e us o Cu-proteinate or r -PGA-Cu respectively Finishing period 0 addi tion of e ll in A diet B and

C were fed basal diet with 35 mg and 5 mg Cukg by adding of CUS04 respectively D diet was added 5 mg

Cukg as Cu-pro tcinatc

Table 7 Effect of die tary supplemen tati on w ith vari ous forms o f copper on visce ra Longissi mus dorsi

muscle and bile copper conce ntration for pigs

Groups A R C D SE

--- ----------- -------- m ~ kg dry rnattc r - - shy - shy - - - ---------- shy ---- shy

Liver 270 27 8 321 327 2 0

Pancreas 9 1ah 10 2 Xllh 6i 10

Spleen 20 5 2 121 159h 184b 16

Kidney 375 44 1 362 4 58 35

Bile 4 2h 7 1t 57 J l)h 0 9

Longissimus dorsi muscle 10 10 09 09 0 3

Growing period No addition of u in I diet B and D were fed basal diet with 35 mg Cukg by adding

of CUS0 4 Cu-proteinate or l -PGA-Cll respectively Finishing period No addition of Cu in A diet B and

C were led basal diet with 35 mg and 5 mg Cukg by adding of CuSObull respective D diet was added 5

mg Cukg as Cu-protcinatc

a b Means within the same row without the same superscript an significantly dill I III (P lt 005)

124

~ i~ ([ aD 1M cj J M~ JJ rJ 1~ IciJ illn ttJ JlUl ( fv1tMiliJ in I~ jrf 21iilWrJamp r - PG A ~ ) tHrO] (r1 7~ j ( t~

amplH4nJ~ M fitI1Wnl lf~q J (0illtij i3 1t E~J(iJj N RC (1998) Mlmlfl 20- 120 kg Jg2 o-j ~ ill~~~ t ( 4 -3 mg kg diet ) bull ~ [l1Jl Iamp ( 28 2 mgday ) IJ ~Q M ~ (7 4 2-9 23 mgd a y ) t~ ff J-ttN11

HE 1(ll iB(1t HXfOJftmt-t llkjlJ~jtfU~ =mtlJ lli Mltif-~Nn~ tiWnlf middotfiail]3i-Rf(l1~t1iJJj flZ

~jj] tlit =1~ lnM r IM~ JJU il~lIl1n i1U l r m( 0

rp lsectYJ~ tJ i$ - ~cg fliiln 0 2000 middot ~ iffffll r l j fmiV1IfMQ Ci] 0

fl rampf~~~~lmHht~ 1988 middot B d~mn flifI~FHIJf Ei ~ tm 00

Ei J ~ramp fii~ i~ FJr 0 1993 0 jrnlJR~llFn ljffiTffZ ~ jmiddot hrnI~OO (r-Jn p B 0 13 ~iifeurollJt~r JT yen

(tUm21~17G

1middotHwj)fl ~~)( i~ iR ll)] bull 1992 fiilJlffirp iII13 middot1tifH 1Et R1tIiE l1II1amptFIIXamptJ~HItyenJ 1illtiJ - _~W~ro 0

rj1 ~11 [t 2 I(3) 239 -246 0

jampfi tnJHj~ fJlH15l iim~ 2005 1-J Bacillus natto j Z -PG A-Cu 2 i1UJ~z~~1 ri rli 0 J

(1iW34(if flJ) 1I7

iJ ~E~ IIJ~ W bull 200 I bull fir lRrlJilf middotib)i ft bull -amp yenJ 1i~ N5iH1 (t~ ~ ltamp) p 329 rjJ I ff~~ 0 ~

lt~ w Eijt fi~A IYJ ~rj~iI1 ~ti ~ I J ff~ )( 11 amp~n 20 0 5 f~riMillgJlmlmf1~Wti~ ~ I r~tE1i~ Jff 1IDtE H)~

amp~UI1i1 (j~ 1J~r~iN bull trr~iJ f~i 3X(4 )24 7-25X 0

AOAC 1990 O fficial Method s of Ana lysi s 1510 cd Assoc iation of Offi cial Analytica l Chemi sts Arl ing to n

VA

Apgar G A E T Kornegay M D Lindemann and D R Notter 1995 Evalua tio n of copper sulfa te and a

copper lysine complex as growth promoter s for w eanling sw ine J An im Sci 732640-2646

Arm strong T A D R Cook M M Ward C M Willi ams and J W Spears 2004 Effec t o f di etary copper

source (cupric citrate and cupric sulfat e) an d concentra tion on growth performance and feca l copper

excretion in weanling pigs J An im Sci 82 1234-1240

Co ffey R D G L Cro mwe ll and H J Mon egu c 1994 Effi ca cy o f a co ppe r-lys ine complex as a g ro wth

prornotant for wea nlin g pigs J An im Sc i 72 2 X ~0-2S86

Creech B L J W Spea rs W L Flowers G M Hill K E Lloyd T A Armstron g and T E Engle 2004

Effect of dietar y truce mineral concent ration and source (inorgan ic vs ch clated) on per forman ce mineral

status and feca l mineral excretion in pigs from we aning th rough fini shing J nim Sc i 82 2 140-2 147

Cromwel l G L 199 1 Antimicrobia l age nt s In E R M ill er D E Ull rey a nd 1 J Lew is (ed ) Sw ine

utr ition pp 297 -3 14

de Lima R F T bull tahl y and G L Cro mwel l )9XI Effects of co ppe r w ith and without ferrou s ulfide and

antibioti cs on the pe rform ance of pigs 1 Anim Sc i 5224 1-247

Do z ier W A 3d A J Dav is M E Free man and T L Ward 2003 Ea rl y grow th and e nvi ron me nta l

implications of dietary z inc and co pper concentra tions and sour s of broi ler chic ks Br Poult Sc i 44

72o-7J 1

125

Kornega y E T and A F Harper 1997 Environmental nutrition Nutrient management stra teg ies to reduce

nutrient exc retion of sw ine Pro f Anim Sci 13 99- [ II

Lill ie R J L T Frobish N C St eele and G G ra be r [977 Effec t o f di etary copper and tyl osin and

subse quent withdrawal on grow th hematology and tiss ue residues of growing- finsh ing pigs J Anim

Aci45 100-[07

Luo X G and C R Dove 1996 Effec t of dietary copper and fat on nutrient ut ilizatio n d ige s tive enzyme

act ivities an d tissue m inera l lev e ls in wea nl ing pigs J An im Sci 74 1888-1 89 6

Myer R 0 J W Lamkey W R Walker J H Br endemuhl and G E Co m bs 1992 Performance and

carcass charac te ris tics of swi ne when fed d iet s co ntai ning cano la o il and added c opper to a lter th e

unsaturated saturated ratio of po rk fat J Anim Sci 70 [4 [ 7-1423

NRC [998 Nutr ient Requirements of Swine (I Oth ed ) National Academic Pr ess lnc NY USA

Oberlac as D and B F Harland 199 6 Impact of phytic acid on nutrient availability In Ph ytase in animal

nutrition and waste mana gement B C Michael and E T Kornegay (ed ) pp 77- 84

Prince T J V W Hays and G L Cromwell 1984 Int er acti ve e ffec ts of di et a ry ca lc ium phosphorus and

copper on performance and liver s tores of pigs J Anim Sci 58356-361

SAS 2002 SAS procedure guide fo r personal computer s Versi on 6 th ed SAS In stitu te Inc Cary NC US A

ndcrx ood E J [977 Trace e lements in human and animal nutrition (4th ed) West ern Australia

Vcum T L M S Carlson C W Wu D W Bollinger and M R Ellersieck 2004 Copper proteinate in

weanling pig diets for enhan cing growth performance and reducing fecal copper ex cr etion compared

with copper sulfa te J Anim Sci ~2 [062-1070

Ward T L K L Watkins L L Southern P G Hoyt and D D French 1991 int er acti ve effec ts of sodium

zeo lite-A and copper in g row ing swi ne grow th and bon e and tissue mineral co ncentra tions J A nim

Sc i 69 726-733

126 Taiwan Livestock Res 43(2) 1[5 - [27 20 [0

Effect of dietary copper sources and levels on

growth carcass and fecal copper excretions in

growing-finishing pigs (1)

Tein-Ming SU(2)(6) Herng-Fu Lee Ting-Hsun Hsiao(2)

Shine-Ming Liou(2) Kuo-Lung Chen Jin-Jen LU(4) and

Chung-Wen Liao (5)

Received Ju l 30 2009 Accepted Dec 3 2009

Abstract

The purpose of th is study was to investigate the effect of dietary suppleme ntation with different forms

or levels of cop per on the growth carcass quality and lean meat com posi tion of gro wi ng- finish ing pigs A

tota l of 48 LD (Lan drace f X Du roc t ) pigs hal f barrows an d hal f gilts we re ass igned to fo ur dietary

treatments when their body weights we re 41 3 plusmn 13 kg Group A (without extra Cu adde d) was co ntro l whi ch

was provided with the basal diet during growing-finishi ng stage In the growing pe riod pigs in the groups B

C and D were fed basa l diet (CP 155 and DE 32 50 kca llkg) wi th 35 mg copperkg by adding CUS04 Cushy

proteinate or r -PGA-Cu respectively The pigs in groups Band C were fed basal diet (CP 14 and DE 3250

kca lkg) with two levels of co pper ie 35 mgkg and 5 mgkg from CUS04 and In group D was provided 5

mgkg from Cu-protcinatc dur ing the finishing pe riod In this study the pigs we re fed ad libitum of die t and

water The feed ing trial was ter minate d when the bod y we ight of pigs reached 100 kg Half of the pigs were

randomly chosen and slaughtered The growth performance ca rcas characteris tics and copper co ncen tration

of diet feces liver pancreas spleen kidney bi le Longissimus dorsi musc le and blood se rum we re measured

The res ult showed that the different for ms of cop per compounds did not affect the g row th pe rformance

carcass cha racteristics fecal and ur inary copper exc retion of the pigs Th e pigs of grou p A had low er (P lt

005) dail y Cu intake Cu excre tion and Cu co nce ntration in feces than the other groups Besid es the Cu

co nce ntration of liver ranged from 27-33 rngkg and no d iff er en ce was ob served amo ng the treatments

Group B pigs had significa ntly high er (P lt 005) Cu co nce ntra tion in pancreas splee n bile and blood serum

In concl usion pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based die ts added di fferent forms or levels of Cu did not affec t the

growth performance and ca rcass characteristics Ho wever the Cu co nce ntration in feces and the excret ion of

Cu increased when dai ly Cu inta ke was increased

Key words Growing-finishing pigs Copper Feca l and ur inary excreti on

122

$)JO 25 ( f1if~~ ) 5 ( l~ l~ Jt ) Ill 5 mg k g ( ~ril~ r) 1JIliltl ij-ltH1yenHfrtl ijiJJU25 mgkg icin rJJ~ ~ tpoundn~fi WJIin 9Jt cjJ illH ifiWl]ilF1Jgtili ijf~ Jt ftC-ffiJtij L jjJF)UftJitlN 0 ~ lHr ~rlh i q l iJiiJ IjJ

im fJt fl 1i~ 200-300 u gdL ijS( L il lie et al (19 77) mUJ J(f ~ tF lJ m 10-100 kg 1fi1 J (ll m rjJ (lj i1~ iJlMpound

flli2- 127-141 ppm ( Ull 127- 141 ji g dL ) nU~1~~ r j

f 5 to] rfi )JU =f [6]~~ZiIJ 1 1 tWtHr1t JiIl1B tt IJ~EiJ~

Table 5 Effect of adding various forms of copper to diet on blood trait of pigs

Groups A B C D Sf

Cu Ii gdL 249 1gt 3011 198 1gt 239 middot0 35

Fe u g1dL 121 130 127 III 9

Fer ritin nglmL 21 23 20 22 3

RBC X 106uL 71 72 69 70 02

Hemog lobin gdL 127 134 128 128 03

Growing period No addition of Cu in A diet B C and D were fed basal diet with 35 mg Cukg by adding

of CUS04 Cu-proteinate or r -PGA-Cu respectively Finishing period No addition of Cu in A diet Band

C were fed basal diet with 35 mg and 5 mg Cukg by adding of CUS04 respectively D diet was added 5

mg Culkg as Cu-proteinate

a 0 Means wi thin the same row without the same superscript are significantly different (P lt005)

~~~~~~ ~~~m~mmffi~ZR~ ( ~0Ramp~~R~~ ) =m~ttrn ~

ffmntt~~~ M~~6 middot~~mBM mOOm moom mm ~ middot ~~~m mm~~

~ H~ Jtj --el11 I~HJJFr39t] fsectili m7f tEJJ - ~ - R yenB F~plusmnpoundIh(f-HI-g aiiJm lj J iffiHJ~ JJ l l 0- 35 mg

kg (jjf~riJ f3Lltpoundie ~R H fJrl t t Hf JlU1il Ward el al (1991) amp My er et al ( 1992) mH Qu t ittj=I $[iiJ --amp5 (0 vs 250 ppm ) =f lt ifIHHr i11f21t Hkz yentHIH0f)) g6Jm $ 1Jo f rnJM~ Z~ 1UJJ~HIi 5iiWiepM~T ~ flH~ 7J~ fj~ K 7 Jtcf-1RHl )JiOOampln lJil

Z ilUlfiHH x~ ~J- Luo and Dove (1996) f IJfJliHLjlilf iliiO~ jfli) r~ OJ fff flWGflLZJfil~-f) middot -tHl ra1 lJT- lii WIliampI-T k M tj=I mFtJ fimh fHili B ~U lffj i+ ~H jJjICbZ fJ~ lli rj liY-J l1ilJ ~1fti liWJY lJUm1sect1jpoundinx A W D W D rJJ1R C Wh~ middot Luo and Dove (1996) tpound W1fffilruj ql liM ~ tJ~ JII lifit ~l1 ij imll J (I1 11I iJ 15

amp 250 ppm 2imtfi1Jo 250 ppm MI=f JiiUIJfIti bull Im ili IrJZ ~Jl iNJ iJj ~~alMflmiddot Jff Mli~ plusmntl ~ix tJ~ J 1I 15 ppm ffimiddot ~

toit de Li ma et al ( 198 1) WJ tJmj ~ i0 )Jn fvfE Wm ~ c (IJJ Jfrtl 0 amp 250 ppm QltiJ 1h i1w~~tI~ Jmm i jmmgnj t ~ )J D 250 ppm fi tt nr~ qr (f] jfnj~ tfrx1lri)HiiJU f~ r -jzyenfJiiU rJffrl4 ~~ ~ ~~~iiHfI

5 iffi Prince et at (1984) mtH Jt fJ-rJJl r jl Jfi tl (jJJ iJ ~-i MuiHJn Ml7middotj)ji1JIIjii] tEfmw 93 kg 1Ij)ti ~~ 3 2 ~m ~W ~ ~~ ffi~ middot ~~~ IJT-~~~ ~ff~~~ q ~m~~~~~ ffimW

lm ~ i fflZ IDampI wJml rJg ~WfL 1rT A ~ ~x ~ iI W lfl JR fiiDf+miJJrJ 35 mgkg 1p tl~ B ~H Lt ftJ r I LfJ ~ riiJ~shy

Bl3 mllt tt~EHl ~riii (P - 0 05 ) ~iI~tEmYFif tJ iltl 100 kg IRHEYf l[xt JfJJ lliN Jild ljJ iI Jj[ f l

~ 67- 102 ppm lW~ft lJ flm 159-212 ppm ri1 W Luo and Dove (19 96) iJf ~do Hj j w ~t ftrTI rJi1 ifnJ

-a- 15 vs 2 50 ppm 7JJ1J 1raquog)atJmi rtlllOJIYJ iK~ 1Jl 1-g 08 8 VI 090 ppm i1fi)JqJlliq~ friJ (I J iJ~JJt fllJYJjJlfj~

00 8 ppm ~~ 8JHm PZ~j bull Lillie et al (1977) mil 1 Jm amp~ Q uj kJ=E gtf~ - TIfllh tllq f4 ~j

12J

)7h~JJu jf01 H~ il~Jfl it 1n fJ klmill 100 kg U J Jti ~ 1t nfljl fH~f0 1f lH lIn rjlI~i~ ipoundlJJl 7 )J U 1~ 26 0

33 9 WI 15 ppm n U ljiJ f ~it~ fi~HtHlI 0

Table 6 Effect of adding vari ous forms of copper to diet on carcass characteristics of pigs

Groups A B D

Number of pigs 6 6 6 ()

Slaughter age day 1655 1664 1664 l li5 l 16

Slaughter weight kg 1080 107 7 105 7 106 4 15

Carcass weight kg 89 1 X97 876 X79 I ID

Carcass length em 1000 100J 98 4 90 1 0 9

Backfat thickness mm 224 22 6 231 26 2 16

Percentage lean 5178 50 79 52 67 5198 0 60

PCI cntage fat 1267 1382 134 9 1302 084

Growing period No addition of Cu in A diet B C and D were fed basal diet with 35 mg Cukg by adding

of e us o Cu-proteinate or r -PGA-Cu respectively Finishing period 0 addi tion of e ll in A diet B and

C were fed basal diet with 35 mg and 5 mg Cukg by adding of CUS04 respectively D diet was added 5 mg

Cukg as Cu-pro tcinatc

Table 7 Effect of die tary supplemen tati on w ith vari ous forms o f copper on visce ra Longissi mus dorsi

muscle and bile copper conce ntration for pigs

Groups A R C D SE

--- ----------- -------- m ~ kg dry rnattc r - - shy - shy - - - ---------- shy ---- shy

Liver 270 27 8 321 327 2 0

Pancreas 9 1ah 10 2 Xllh 6i 10

Spleen 20 5 2 121 159h 184b 16

Kidney 375 44 1 362 4 58 35

Bile 4 2h 7 1t 57 J l)h 0 9

Longissimus dorsi muscle 10 10 09 09 0 3

Growing period No addition of u in I diet B and D were fed basal diet with 35 mg Cukg by adding

of CUS0 4 Cu-proteinate or l -PGA-Cll respectively Finishing period No addition of Cu in A diet B and

C were led basal diet with 35 mg and 5 mg Cukg by adding of CuSObull respective D diet was added 5

mg Cukg as Cu-protcinatc

a b Means within the same row without the same superscript an significantly dill I III (P lt 005)

124

~ i~ ([ aD 1M cj J M~ JJ rJ 1~ IciJ illn ttJ JlUl ( fv1tMiliJ in I~ jrf 21iilWrJamp r - PG A ~ ) tHrO] (r1 7~ j ( t~

amplH4nJ~ M fitI1Wnl lf~q J (0illtij i3 1t E~J(iJj N RC (1998) Mlmlfl 20- 120 kg Jg2 o-j ~ ill~~~ t ( 4 -3 mg kg diet ) bull ~ [l1Jl Iamp ( 28 2 mgday ) IJ ~Q M ~ (7 4 2-9 23 mgd a y ) t~ ff J-ttN11

HE 1(ll iB(1t HXfOJftmt-t llkjlJ~jtfU~ =mtlJ lli Mltif-~Nn~ tiWnlf middotfiail]3i-Rf(l1~t1iJJj flZ

~jj] tlit =1~ lnM r IM~ JJU il~lIl1n i1U l r m( 0

rp lsectYJ~ tJ i$ - ~cg fliiln 0 2000 middot ~ iffffll r l j fmiV1IfMQ Ci] 0

fl rampf~~~~lmHht~ 1988 middot B d~mn flifI~FHIJf Ei ~ tm 00

Ei J ~ramp fii~ i~ FJr 0 1993 0 jrnlJR~llFn ljffiTffZ ~ jmiddot hrnI~OO (r-Jn p B 0 13 ~iifeurollJt~r JT yen

(tUm21~17G

1middotHwj)fl ~~)( i~ iR ll)] bull 1992 fiilJlffirp iII13 middot1tifH 1Et R1tIiE l1II1amptFIIXamptJ~HItyenJ 1illtiJ - _~W~ro 0

rj1 ~11 [t 2 I(3) 239 -246 0

jampfi tnJHj~ fJlH15l iim~ 2005 1-J Bacillus natto j Z -PG A-Cu 2 i1UJ~z~~1 ri rli 0 J

(1iW34(if flJ) 1I7

iJ ~E~ IIJ~ W bull 200 I bull fir lRrlJilf middotib)i ft bull -amp yenJ 1i~ N5iH1 (t~ ~ ltamp) p 329 rjJ I ff~~ 0 ~

lt~ w Eijt fi~A IYJ ~rj~iI1 ~ti ~ I J ff~ )( 11 amp~n 20 0 5 f~riMillgJlmlmf1~Wti~ ~ I r~tE1i~ Jff 1IDtE H)~

amp~UI1i1 (j~ 1J~r~iN bull trr~iJ f~i 3X(4 )24 7-25X 0

AOAC 1990 O fficial Method s of Ana lysi s 1510 cd Assoc iation of Offi cial Analytica l Chemi sts Arl ing to n

VA

Apgar G A E T Kornegay M D Lindemann and D R Notter 1995 Evalua tio n of copper sulfa te and a

copper lysine complex as growth promoter s for w eanling sw ine J An im Sci 732640-2646

Arm strong T A D R Cook M M Ward C M Willi ams and J W Spears 2004 Effec t o f di etary copper

source (cupric citrate and cupric sulfat e) an d concentra tion on growth performance and feca l copper

excretion in weanling pigs J An im Sci 82 1234-1240

Co ffey R D G L Cro mwe ll and H J Mon egu c 1994 Effi ca cy o f a co ppe r-lys ine complex as a g ro wth

prornotant for wea nlin g pigs J An im Sc i 72 2 X ~0-2S86

Creech B L J W Spea rs W L Flowers G M Hill K E Lloyd T A Armstron g and T E Engle 2004

Effect of dietar y truce mineral concent ration and source (inorgan ic vs ch clated) on per forman ce mineral

status and feca l mineral excretion in pigs from we aning th rough fini shing J nim Sc i 82 2 140-2 147

Cromwel l G L 199 1 Antimicrobia l age nt s In E R M ill er D E Ull rey a nd 1 J Lew is (ed ) Sw ine

utr ition pp 297 -3 14

de Lima R F T bull tahl y and G L Cro mwel l )9XI Effects of co ppe r w ith and without ferrou s ulfide and

antibioti cs on the pe rform ance of pigs 1 Anim Sc i 5224 1-247

Do z ier W A 3d A J Dav is M E Free man and T L Ward 2003 Ea rl y grow th and e nvi ron me nta l

implications of dietary z inc and co pper concentra tions and sour s of broi ler chic ks Br Poult Sc i 44

72o-7J 1

125

Kornega y E T and A F Harper 1997 Environmental nutrition Nutrient management stra teg ies to reduce

nutrient exc retion of sw ine Pro f Anim Sci 13 99- [ II

Lill ie R J L T Frobish N C St eele and G G ra be r [977 Effec t o f di etary copper and tyl osin and

subse quent withdrawal on grow th hematology and tiss ue residues of growing- finsh ing pigs J Anim

Aci45 100-[07

Luo X G and C R Dove 1996 Effec t of dietary copper and fat on nutrient ut ilizatio n d ige s tive enzyme

act ivities an d tissue m inera l lev e ls in wea nl ing pigs J An im Sci 74 1888-1 89 6

Myer R 0 J W Lamkey W R Walker J H Br endemuhl and G E Co m bs 1992 Performance and

carcass charac te ris tics of swi ne when fed d iet s co ntai ning cano la o il and added c opper to a lter th e

unsaturated saturated ratio of po rk fat J Anim Sci 70 [4 [ 7-1423

NRC [998 Nutr ient Requirements of Swine (I Oth ed ) National Academic Pr ess lnc NY USA

Oberlac as D and B F Harland 199 6 Impact of phytic acid on nutrient availability In Ph ytase in animal

nutrition and waste mana gement B C Michael and E T Kornegay (ed ) pp 77- 84

Prince T J V W Hays and G L Cromwell 1984 Int er acti ve e ffec ts of di et a ry ca lc ium phosphorus and

copper on performance and liver s tores of pigs J Anim Sci 58356-361

SAS 2002 SAS procedure guide fo r personal computer s Versi on 6 th ed SAS In stitu te Inc Cary NC US A

ndcrx ood E J [977 Trace e lements in human and animal nutrition (4th ed) West ern Australia

Vcum T L M S Carlson C W Wu D W Bollinger and M R Ellersieck 2004 Copper proteinate in

weanling pig diets for enhan cing growth performance and reducing fecal copper ex cr etion compared

with copper sulfa te J Anim Sci ~2 [062-1070

Ward T L K L Watkins L L Southern P G Hoyt and D D French 1991 int er acti ve effec ts of sodium

zeo lite-A and copper in g row ing swi ne grow th and bon e and tissue mineral co ncentra tions J A nim

Sc i 69 726-733

126 Taiwan Livestock Res 43(2) 1[5 - [27 20 [0

Effect of dietary copper sources and levels on

growth carcass and fecal copper excretions in

growing-finishing pigs (1)

Tein-Ming SU(2)(6) Herng-Fu Lee Ting-Hsun Hsiao(2)

Shine-Ming Liou(2) Kuo-Lung Chen Jin-Jen LU(4) and

Chung-Wen Liao (5)

Received Ju l 30 2009 Accepted Dec 3 2009

Abstract

The purpose of th is study was to investigate the effect of dietary suppleme ntation with different forms

or levels of cop per on the growth carcass quality and lean meat com posi tion of gro wi ng- finish ing pigs A

tota l of 48 LD (Lan drace f X Du roc t ) pigs hal f barrows an d hal f gilts we re ass igned to fo ur dietary

treatments when their body weights we re 41 3 plusmn 13 kg Group A (without extra Cu adde d) was co ntro l whi ch

was provided with the basal diet during growing-finishi ng stage In the growing pe riod pigs in the groups B

C and D were fed basa l diet (CP 155 and DE 32 50 kca llkg) wi th 35 mg copperkg by adding CUS04 Cushy

proteinate or r -PGA-Cu respectively The pigs in groups Band C were fed basal diet (CP 14 and DE 3250

kca lkg) with two levels of co pper ie 35 mgkg and 5 mgkg from CUS04 and In group D was provided 5

mgkg from Cu-protcinatc dur ing the finishing pe riod In this study the pigs we re fed ad libitum of die t and

water The feed ing trial was ter minate d when the bod y we ight of pigs reached 100 kg Half of the pigs were

randomly chosen and slaughtered The growth performance ca rcas characteris tics and copper co ncen tration

of diet feces liver pancreas spleen kidney bi le Longissimus dorsi musc le and blood se rum we re measured

The res ult showed that the different for ms of cop per compounds did not affect the g row th pe rformance

carcass cha racteristics fecal and ur inary copper exc retion of the pigs Th e pigs of grou p A had low er (P lt

005) dail y Cu intake Cu excre tion and Cu co nce ntration in feces than the other groups Besid es the Cu

co nce ntration of liver ranged from 27-33 rngkg and no d iff er en ce was ob served amo ng the treatments

Group B pigs had significa ntly high er (P lt 005) Cu co nce ntra tion in pancreas splee n bile and blood serum

In concl usion pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based die ts added di fferent forms or levels of Cu did not affec t the

growth performance and ca rcass characteristics Ho wever the Cu co nce ntration in feces and the excret ion of

Cu increased when dai ly Cu inta ke was increased

Key words Growing-finishing pigs Copper Feca l and ur inary excreti on

12J

)7h~JJu jf01 H~ il~Jfl it 1n fJ klmill 100 kg U J Jti ~ 1t nfljl fH~f0 1f lH lIn rjlI~i~ ipoundlJJl 7 )J U 1~ 26 0

33 9 WI 15 ppm n U ljiJ f ~it~ fi~HtHlI 0

Table 6 Effect of adding vari ous forms of copper to diet on carcass characteristics of pigs

Groups A B D

Number of pigs 6 6 6 ()

Slaughter age day 1655 1664 1664 l li5 l 16

Slaughter weight kg 1080 107 7 105 7 106 4 15

Carcass weight kg 89 1 X97 876 X79 I ID

Carcass length em 1000 100J 98 4 90 1 0 9

Backfat thickness mm 224 22 6 231 26 2 16

Percentage lean 5178 50 79 52 67 5198 0 60

PCI cntage fat 1267 1382 134 9 1302 084

Growing period No addition of Cu in A diet B C and D were fed basal diet with 35 mg Cukg by adding

of e us o Cu-proteinate or r -PGA-Cu respectively Finishing period 0 addi tion of e ll in A diet B and

C were fed basal diet with 35 mg and 5 mg Cukg by adding of CUS04 respectively D diet was added 5 mg

Cukg as Cu-pro tcinatc

Table 7 Effect of die tary supplemen tati on w ith vari ous forms o f copper on visce ra Longissi mus dorsi

muscle and bile copper conce ntration for pigs

Groups A R C D SE

--- ----------- -------- m ~ kg dry rnattc r - - shy - shy - - - ---------- shy ---- shy

Liver 270 27 8 321 327 2 0

Pancreas 9 1ah 10 2 Xllh 6i 10

Spleen 20 5 2 121 159h 184b 16

Kidney 375 44 1 362 4 58 35

Bile 4 2h 7 1t 57 J l)h 0 9

Longissimus dorsi muscle 10 10 09 09 0 3

Growing period No addition of u in I diet B and D were fed basal diet with 35 mg Cukg by adding

of CUS0 4 Cu-proteinate or l -PGA-Cll respectively Finishing period No addition of Cu in A diet B and

C were led basal diet with 35 mg and 5 mg Cukg by adding of CuSObull respective D diet was added 5

mg Cukg as Cu-protcinatc

a b Means within the same row without the same superscript an significantly dill I III (P lt 005)

124

~ i~ ([ aD 1M cj J M~ JJ rJ 1~ IciJ illn ttJ JlUl ( fv1tMiliJ in I~ jrf 21iilWrJamp r - PG A ~ ) tHrO] (r1 7~ j ( t~

amplH4nJ~ M fitI1Wnl lf~q J (0illtij i3 1t E~J(iJj N RC (1998) Mlmlfl 20- 120 kg Jg2 o-j ~ ill~~~ t ( 4 -3 mg kg diet ) bull ~ [l1Jl Iamp ( 28 2 mgday ) IJ ~Q M ~ (7 4 2-9 23 mgd a y ) t~ ff J-ttN11

HE 1(ll iB(1t HXfOJftmt-t llkjlJ~jtfU~ =mtlJ lli Mltif-~Nn~ tiWnlf middotfiail]3i-Rf(l1~t1iJJj flZ

~jj] tlit =1~ lnM r IM~ JJU il~lIl1n i1U l r m( 0

rp lsectYJ~ tJ i$ - ~cg fliiln 0 2000 middot ~ iffffll r l j fmiV1IfMQ Ci] 0

fl rampf~~~~lmHht~ 1988 middot B d~mn flifI~FHIJf Ei ~ tm 00

Ei J ~ramp fii~ i~ FJr 0 1993 0 jrnlJR~llFn ljffiTffZ ~ jmiddot hrnI~OO (r-Jn p B 0 13 ~iifeurollJt~r JT yen

(tUm21~17G

1middotHwj)fl ~~)( i~ iR ll)] bull 1992 fiilJlffirp iII13 middot1tifH 1Et R1tIiE l1II1amptFIIXamptJ~HItyenJ 1illtiJ - _~W~ro 0

rj1 ~11 [t 2 I(3) 239 -246 0

jampfi tnJHj~ fJlH15l iim~ 2005 1-J Bacillus natto j Z -PG A-Cu 2 i1UJ~z~~1 ri rli 0 J

(1iW34(if flJ) 1I7

iJ ~E~ IIJ~ W bull 200 I bull fir lRrlJilf middotib)i ft bull -amp yenJ 1i~ N5iH1 (t~ ~ ltamp) p 329 rjJ I ff~~ 0 ~

lt~ w Eijt fi~A IYJ ~rj~iI1 ~ti ~ I J ff~ )( 11 amp~n 20 0 5 f~riMillgJlmlmf1~Wti~ ~ I r~tE1i~ Jff 1IDtE H)~

amp~UI1i1 (j~ 1J~r~iN bull trr~iJ f~i 3X(4 )24 7-25X 0

AOAC 1990 O fficial Method s of Ana lysi s 1510 cd Assoc iation of Offi cial Analytica l Chemi sts Arl ing to n

VA

Apgar G A E T Kornegay M D Lindemann and D R Notter 1995 Evalua tio n of copper sulfa te and a

copper lysine complex as growth promoter s for w eanling sw ine J An im Sci 732640-2646

Arm strong T A D R Cook M M Ward C M Willi ams and J W Spears 2004 Effec t o f di etary copper

source (cupric citrate and cupric sulfat e) an d concentra tion on growth performance and feca l copper

excretion in weanling pigs J An im Sci 82 1234-1240

Co ffey R D G L Cro mwe ll and H J Mon egu c 1994 Effi ca cy o f a co ppe r-lys ine complex as a g ro wth

prornotant for wea nlin g pigs J An im Sc i 72 2 X ~0-2S86

Creech B L J W Spea rs W L Flowers G M Hill K E Lloyd T A Armstron g and T E Engle 2004

Effect of dietar y truce mineral concent ration and source (inorgan ic vs ch clated) on per forman ce mineral

status and feca l mineral excretion in pigs from we aning th rough fini shing J nim Sc i 82 2 140-2 147

Cromwel l G L 199 1 Antimicrobia l age nt s In E R M ill er D E Ull rey a nd 1 J Lew is (ed ) Sw ine

utr ition pp 297 -3 14

de Lima R F T bull tahl y and G L Cro mwel l )9XI Effects of co ppe r w ith and without ferrou s ulfide and

antibioti cs on the pe rform ance of pigs 1 Anim Sc i 5224 1-247

Do z ier W A 3d A J Dav is M E Free man and T L Ward 2003 Ea rl y grow th and e nvi ron me nta l

implications of dietary z inc and co pper concentra tions and sour s of broi ler chic ks Br Poult Sc i 44

72o-7J 1

125

Kornega y E T and A F Harper 1997 Environmental nutrition Nutrient management stra teg ies to reduce

nutrient exc retion of sw ine Pro f Anim Sci 13 99- [ II

Lill ie R J L T Frobish N C St eele and G G ra be r [977 Effec t o f di etary copper and tyl osin and

subse quent withdrawal on grow th hematology and tiss ue residues of growing- finsh ing pigs J Anim

Aci45 100-[07

Luo X G and C R Dove 1996 Effec t of dietary copper and fat on nutrient ut ilizatio n d ige s tive enzyme

act ivities an d tissue m inera l lev e ls in wea nl ing pigs J An im Sci 74 1888-1 89 6

Myer R 0 J W Lamkey W R Walker J H Br endemuhl and G E Co m bs 1992 Performance and

carcass charac te ris tics of swi ne when fed d iet s co ntai ning cano la o il and added c opper to a lter th e

unsaturated saturated ratio of po rk fat J Anim Sci 70 [4 [ 7-1423

NRC [998 Nutr ient Requirements of Swine (I Oth ed ) National Academic Pr ess lnc NY USA

Oberlac as D and B F Harland 199 6 Impact of phytic acid on nutrient availability In Ph ytase in animal

nutrition and waste mana gement B C Michael and E T Kornegay (ed ) pp 77- 84

Prince T J V W Hays and G L Cromwell 1984 Int er acti ve e ffec ts of di et a ry ca lc ium phosphorus and

copper on performance and liver s tores of pigs J Anim Sci 58356-361

SAS 2002 SAS procedure guide fo r personal computer s Versi on 6 th ed SAS In stitu te Inc Cary NC US A

ndcrx ood E J [977 Trace e lements in human and animal nutrition (4th ed) West ern Australia

Vcum T L M S Carlson C W Wu D W Bollinger and M R Ellersieck 2004 Copper proteinate in

weanling pig diets for enhan cing growth performance and reducing fecal copper ex cr etion compared

with copper sulfa te J Anim Sci ~2 [062-1070

Ward T L K L Watkins L L Southern P G Hoyt and D D French 1991 int er acti ve effec ts of sodium

zeo lite-A and copper in g row ing swi ne grow th and bon e and tissue mineral co ncentra tions J A nim

Sc i 69 726-733

126 Taiwan Livestock Res 43(2) 1[5 - [27 20 [0

Effect of dietary copper sources and levels on

growth carcass and fecal copper excretions in

growing-finishing pigs (1)

Tein-Ming SU(2)(6) Herng-Fu Lee Ting-Hsun Hsiao(2)

Shine-Ming Liou(2) Kuo-Lung Chen Jin-Jen LU(4) and

Chung-Wen Liao (5)

Received Ju l 30 2009 Accepted Dec 3 2009

Abstract

The purpose of th is study was to investigate the effect of dietary suppleme ntation with different forms

or levels of cop per on the growth carcass quality and lean meat com posi tion of gro wi ng- finish ing pigs A

tota l of 48 LD (Lan drace f X Du roc t ) pigs hal f barrows an d hal f gilts we re ass igned to fo ur dietary

treatments when their body weights we re 41 3 plusmn 13 kg Group A (without extra Cu adde d) was co ntro l whi ch

was provided with the basal diet during growing-finishi ng stage In the growing pe riod pigs in the groups B

C and D were fed basa l diet (CP 155 and DE 32 50 kca llkg) wi th 35 mg copperkg by adding CUS04 Cushy

proteinate or r -PGA-Cu respectively The pigs in groups Band C were fed basal diet (CP 14 and DE 3250

kca lkg) with two levels of co pper ie 35 mgkg and 5 mgkg from CUS04 and In group D was provided 5

mgkg from Cu-protcinatc dur ing the finishing pe riod In this study the pigs we re fed ad libitum of die t and

water The feed ing trial was ter minate d when the bod y we ight of pigs reached 100 kg Half of the pigs were

randomly chosen and slaughtered The growth performance ca rcas characteris tics and copper co ncen tration

of diet feces liver pancreas spleen kidney bi le Longissimus dorsi musc le and blood se rum we re measured

The res ult showed that the different for ms of cop per compounds did not affect the g row th pe rformance

carcass cha racteristics fecal and ur inary copper exc retion of the pigs Th e pigs of grou p A had low er (P lt

005) dail y Cu intake Cu excre tion and Cu co nce ntration in feces than the other groups Besid es the Cu

co nce ntration of liver ranged from 27-33 rngkg and no d iff er en ce was ob served amo ng the treatments

Group B pigs had significa ntly high er (P lt 005) Cu co nce ntra tion in pancreas splee n bile and blood serum

In concl usion pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based die ts added di fferent forms or levels of Cu did not affec t the

growth performance and ca rcass characteristics Ho wever the Cu co nce ntration in feces and the excret ion of

Cu increased when dai ly Cu inta ke was increased

Key words Growing-finishing pigs Copper Feca l and ur inary excreti on

124

~ i~ ([ aD 1M cj J M~ JJ rJ 1~ IciJ illn ttJ JlUl ( fv1tMiliJ in I~ jrf 21iilWrJamp r - PG A ~ ) tHrO] (r1 7~ j ( t~

amplH4nJ~ M fitI1Wnl lf~q J (0illtij i3 1t E~J(iJj N RC (1998) Mlmlfl 20- 120 kg Jg2 o-j ~ ill~~~ t ( 4 -3 mg kg diet ) bull ~ [l1Jl Iamp ( 28 2 mgday ) IJ ~Q M ~ (7 4 2-9 23 mgd a y ) t~ ff J-ttN11

HE 1(ll iB(1t HXfOJftmt-t llkjlJ~jtfU~ =mtlJ lli Mltif-~Nn~ tiWnlf middotfiail]3i-Rf(l1~t1iJJj flZ

~jj] tlit =1~ lnM r IM~ JJU il~lIl1n i1U l r m( 0

rp lsectYJ~ tJ i$ - ~cg fliiln 0 2000 middot ~ iffffll r l j fmiV1IfMQ Ci] 0

fl rampf~~~~lmHht~ 1988 middot B d~mn flifI~FHIJf Ei ~ tm 00

Ei J ~ramp fii~ i~ FJr 0 1993 0 jrnlJR~llFn ljffiTffZ ~ jmiddot hrnI~OO (r-Jn p B 0 13 ~iifeurollJt~r JT yen

(tUm21~17G

1middotHwj)fl ~~)( i~ iR ll)] bull 1992 fiilJlffirp iII13 middot1tifH 1Et R1tIiE l1II1amptFIIXamptJ~HItyenJ 1illtiJ - _~W~ro 0

rj1 ~11 [t 2 I(3) 239 -246 0

jampfi tnJHj~ fJlH15l iim~ 2005 1-J Bacillus natto j Z -PG A-Cu 2 i1UJ~z~~1 ri rli 0 J

(1iW34(if flJ) 1I7

iJ ~E~ IIJ~ W bull 200 I bull fir lRrlJilf middotib)i ft bull -amp yenJ 1i~ N5iH1 (t~ ~ ltamp) p 329 rjJ I ff~~ 0 ~

lt~ w Eijt fi~A IYJ ~rj~iI1 ~ti ~ I J ff~ )( 11 amp~n 20 0 5 f~riMillgJlmlmf1~Wti~ ~ I r~tE1i~ Jff 1IDtE H)~

amp~UI1i1 (j~ 1J~r~iN bull trr~iJ f~i 3X(4 )24 7-25X 0

AOAC 1990 O fficial Method s of Ana lysi s 1510 cd Assoc iation of Offi cial Analytica l Chemi sts Arl ing to n

VA

Apgar G A E T Kornegay M D Lindemann and D R Notter 1995 Evalua tio n of copper sulfa te and a

copper lysine complex as growth promoter s for w eanling sw ine J An im Sci 732640-2646

Arm strong T A D R Cook M M Ward C M Willi ams and J W Spears 2004 Effec t o f di etary copper

source (cupric citrate and cupric sulfat e) an d concentra tion on growth performance and feca l copper

excretion in weanling pigs J An im Sci 82 1234-1240

Co ffey R D G L Cro mwe ll and H J Mon egu c 1994 Effi ca cy o f a co ppe r-lys ine complex as a g ro wth

prornotant for wea nlin g pigs J An im Sc i 72 2 X ~0-2S86

Creech B L J W Spea rs W L Flowers G M Hill K E Lloyd T A Armstron g and T E Engle 2004

Effect of dietar y truce mineral concent ration and source (inorgan ic vs ch clated) on per forman ce mineral

status and feca l mineral excretion in pigs from we aning th rough fini shing J nim Sc i 82 2 140-2 147

Cromwel l G L 199 1 Antimicrobia l age nt s In E R M ill er D E Ull rey a nd 1 J Lew is (ed ) Sw ine

utr ition pp 297 -3 14

de Lima R F T bull tahl y and G L Cro mwel l )9XI Effects of co ppe r w ith and without ferrou s ulfide and

antibioti cs on the pe rform ance of pigs 1 Anim Sc i 5224 1-247

Do z ier W A 3d A J Dav is M E Free man and T L Ward 2003 Ea rl y grow th and e nvi ron me nta l

implications of dietary z inc and co pper concentra tions and sour s of broi ler chic ks Br Poult Sc i 44

72o-7J 1

125

Kornega y E T and A F Harper 1997 Environmental nutrition Nutrient management stra teg ies to reduce

nutrient exc retion of sw ine Pro f Anim Sci 13 99- [ II

Lill ie R J L T Frobish N C St eele and G G ra be r [977 Effec t o f di etary copper and tyl osin and

subse quent withdrawal on grow th hematology and tiss ue residues of growing- finsh ing pigs J Anim

Aci45 100-[07

Luo X G and C R Dove 1996 Effec t of dietary copper and fat on nutrient ut ilizatio n d ige s tive enzyme

act ivities an d tissue m inera l lev e ls in wea nl ing pigs J An im Sci 74 1888-1 89 6

Myer R 0 J W Lamkey W R Walker J H Br endemuhl and G E Co m bs 1992 Performance and

carcass charac te ris tics of swi ne when fed d iet s co ntai ning cano la o il and added c opper to a lter th e

unsaturated saturated ratio of po rk fat J Anim Sci 70 [4 [ 7-1423

NRC [998 Nutr ient Requirements of Swine (I Oth ed ) National Academic Pr ess lnc NY USA

Oberlac as D and B F Harland 199 6 Impact of phytic acid on nutrient availability In Ph ytase in animal

nutrition and waste mana gement B C Michael and E T Kornegay (ed ) pp 77- 84

Prince T J V W Hays and G L Cromwell 1984 Int er acti ve e ffec ts of di et a ry ca lc ium phosphorus and

copper on performance and liver s tores of pigs J Anim Sci 58356-361

SAS 2002 SAS procedure guide fo r personal computer s Versi on 6 th ed SAS In stitu te Inc Cary NC US A

ndcrx ood E J [977 Trace e lements in human and animal nutrition (4th ed) West ern Australia

Vcum T L M S Carlson C W Wu D W Bollinger and M R Ellersieck 2004 Copper proteinate in

weanling pig diets for enhan cing growth performance and reducing fecal copper ex cr etion compared

with copper sulfa te J Anim Sci ~2 [062-1070

Ward T L K L Watkins L L Southern P G Hoyt and D D French 1991 int er acti ve effec ts of sodium

zeo lite-A and copper in g row ing swi ne grow th and bon e and tissue mineral co ncentra tions J A nim

Sc i 69 726-733

126 Taiwan Livestock Res 43(2) 1[5 - [27 20 [0

Effect of dietary copper sources and levels on

growth carcass and fecal copper excretions in

growing-finishing pigs (1)

Tein-Ming SU(2)(6) Herng-Fu Lee Ting-Hsun Hsiao(2)

Shine-Ming Liou(2) Kuo-Lung Chen Jin-Jen LU(4) and

Chung-Wen Liao (5)

Received Ju l 30 2009 Accepted Dec 3 2009

Abstract

The purpose of th is study was to investigate the effect of dietary suppleme ntation with different forms

or levels of cop per on the growth carcass quality and lean meat com posi tion of gro wi ng- finish ing pigs A

tota l of 48 LD (Lan drace f X Du roc t ) pigs hal f barrows an d hal f gilts we re ass igned to fo ur dietary

treatments when their body weights we re 41 3 plusmn 13 kg Group A (without extra Cu adde d) was co ntro l whi ch

was provided with the basal diet during growing-finishi ng stage In the growing pe riod pigs in the groups B

C and D were fed basa l diet (CP 155 and DE 32 50 kca llkg) wi th 35 mg copperkg by adding CUS04 Cushy

proteinate or r -PGA-Cu respectively The pigs in groups Band C were fed basal diet (CP 14 and DE 3250

kca lkg) with two levels of co pper ie 35 mgkg and 5 mgkg from CUS04 and In group D was provided 5

mgkg from Cu-protcinatc dur ing the finishing pe riod In this study the pigs we re fed ad libitum of die t and

water The feed ing trial was ter minate d when the bod y we ight of pigs reached 100 kg Half of the pigs were

randomly chosen and slaughtered The growth performance ca rcas characteris tics and copper co ncen tration

of diet feces liver pancreas spleen kidney bi le Longissimus dorsi musc le and blood se rum we re measured

The res ult showed that the different for ms of cop per compounds did not affect the g row th pe rformance

carcass cha racteristics fecal and ur inary copper exc retion of the pigs Th e pigs of grou p A had low er (P lt

005) dail y Cu intake Cu excre tion and Cu co nce ntration in feces than the other groups Besid es the Cu

co nce ntration of liver ranged from 27-33 rngkg and no d iff er en ce was ob served amo ng the treatments

Group B pigs had significa ntly high er (P lt 005) Cu co nce ntra tion in pancreas splee n bile and blood serum

In concl usion pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based die ts added di fferent forms or levels of Cu did not affec t the

growth performance and ca rcass characteristics Ho wever the Cu co nce ntration in feces and the excret ion of

Cu increased when dai ly Cu inta ke was increased

Key words Growing-finishing pigs Copper Feca l and ur inary excreti on

125

Kornega y E T and A F Harper 1997 Environmental nutrition Nutrient management stra teg ies to reduce

nutrient exc retion of sw ine Pro f Anim Sci 13 99- [ II

Lill ie R J L T Frobish N C St eele and G G ra be r [977 Effec t o f di etary copper and tyl osin and

subse quent withdrawal on grow th hematology and tiss ue residues of growing- finsh ing pigs J Anim

Aci45 100-[07

Luo X G and C R Dove 1996 Effec t of dietary copper and fat on nutrient ut ilizatio n d ige s tive enzyme

act ivities an d tissue m inera l lev e ls in wea nl ing pigs J An im Sci 74 1888-1 89 6

Myer R 0 J W Lamkey W R Walker J H Br endemuhl and G E Co m bs 1992 Performance and

carcass charac te ris tics of swi ne when fed d iet s co ntai ning cano la o il and added c opper to a lter th e

unsaturated saturated ratio of po rk fat J Anim Sci 70 [4 [ 7-1423

NRC [998 Nutr ient Requirements of Swine (I Oth ed ) National Academic Pr ess lnc NY USA

Oberlac as D and B F Harland 199 6 Impact of phytic acid on nutrient availability In Ph ytase in animal

nutrition and waste mana gement B C Michael and E T Kornegay (ed ) pp 77- 84

Prince T J V W Hays and G L Cromwell 1984 Int er acti ve e ffec ts of di et a ry ca lc ium phosphorus and

copper on performance and liver s tores of pigs J Anim Sci 58356-361

SAS 2002 SAS procedure guide fo r personal computer s Versi on 6 th ed SAS In stitu te Inc Cary NC US A

ndcrx ood E J [977 Trace e lements in human and animal nutrition (4th ed) West ern Australia

Vcum T L M S Carlson C W Wu D W Bollinger and M R Ellersieck 2004 Copper proteinate in

weanling pig diets for enhan cing growth performance and reducing fecal copper ex cr etion compared

with copper sulfa te J Anim Sci ~2 [062-1070

Ward T L K L Watkins L L Southern P G Hoyt and D D French 1991 int er acti ve effec ts of sodium

zeo lite-A and copper in g row ing swi ne grow th and bon e and tissue mineral co ncentra tions J A nim

Sc i 69 726-733

126 Taiwan Livestock Res 43(2) 1[5 - [27 20 [0

Effect of dietary copper sources and levels on

growth carcass and fecal copper excretions in

growing-finishing pigs (1)

Tein-Ming SU(2)(6) Herng-Fu Lee Ting-Hsun Hsiao(2)

Shine-Ming Liou(2) Kuo-Lung Chen Jin-Jen LU(4) and

Chung-Wen Liao (5)

Received Ju l 30 2009 Accepted Dec 3 2009

Abstract

The purpose of th is study was to investigate the effect of dietary suppleme ntation with different forms

or levels of cop per on the growth carcass quality and lean meat com posi tion of gro wi ng- finish ing pigs A

tota l of 48 LD (Lan drace f X Du roc t ) pigs hal f barrows an d hal f gilts we re ass igned to fo ur dietary

treatments when their body weights we re 41 3 plusmn 13 kg Group A (without extra Cu adde d) was co ntro l whi ch

was provided with the basal diet during growing-finishi ng stage In the growing pe riod pigs in the groups B

C and D were fed basa l diet (CP 155 and DE 32 50 kca llkg) wi th 35 mg copperkg by adding CUS04 Cushy

proteinate or r -PGA-Cu respectively The pigs in groups Band C were fed basal diet (CP 14 and DE 3250

kca lkg) with two levels of co pper ie 35 mgkg and 5 mgkg from CUS04 and In group D was provided 5

mgkg from Cu-protcinatc dur ing the finishing pe riod In this study the pigs we re fed ad libitum of die t and

water The feed ing trial was ter minate d when the bod y we ight of pigs reached 100 kg Half of the pigs were

randomly chosen and slaughtered The growth performance ca rcas characteris tics and copper co ncen tration

of diet feces liver pancreas spleen kidney bi le Longissimus dorsi musc le and blood se rum we re measured

The res ult showed that the different for ms of cop per compounds did not affect the g row th pe rformance

carcass cha racteristics fecal and ur inary copper exc retion of the pigs Th e pigs of grou p A had low er (P lt

005) dail y Cu intake Cu excre tion and Cu co nce ntration in feces than the other groups Besid es the Cu

co nce ntration of liver ranged from 27-33 rngkg and no d iff er en ce was ob served amo ng the treatments

Group B pigs had significa ntly high er (P lt 005) Cu co nce ntra tion in pancreas splee n bile and blood serum

In concl usion pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based die ts added di fferent forms or levels of Cu did not affec t the

growth performance and ca rcass characteristics Ho wever the Cu co nce ntration in feces and the excret ion of

Cu increased when dai ly Cu inta ke was increased

Key words Growing-finishing pigs Copper Feca l and ur inary excreti on

126 Taiwan Livestock Res 43(2) 1[5 - [27 20 [0

Effect of dietary copper sources and levels on

growth carcass and fecal copper excretions in

growing-finishing pigs (1)

Tein-Ming SU(2)(6) Herng-Fu Lee Ting-Hsun Hsiao(2)

Shine-Ming Liou(2) Kuo-Lung Chen Jin-Jen LU(4) and

Chung-Wen Liao (5)

Received Ju l 30 2009 Accepted Dec 3 2009

Abstract

The purpose of th is study was to investigate the effect of dietary suppleme ntation with different forms

or levels of cop per on the growth carcass quality and lean meat com posi tion of gro wi ng- finish ing pigs A

tota l of 48 LD (Lan drace f X Du roc t ) pigs hal f barrows an d hal f gilts we re ass igned to fo ur dietary

treatments when their body weights we re 41 3 plusmn 13 kg Group A (without extra Cu adde d) was co ntro l whi ch

was provided with the basal diet during growing-finishi ng stage In the growing pe riod pigs in the groups B

C and D were fed basa l diet (CP 155 and DE 32 50 kca llkg) wi th 35 mg copperkg by adding CUS04 Cushy

proteinate or r -PGA-Cu respectively The pigs in groups Band C were fed basal diet (CP 14 and DE 3250

kca lkg) with two levels of co pper ie 35 mgkg and 5 mgkg from CUS04 and In group D was provided 5

mgkg from Cu-protcinatc dur ing the finishing pe riod In this study the pigs we re fed ad libitum of die t and

water The feed ing trial was ter minate d when the bod y we ight of pigs reached 100 kg Half of the pigs were

randomly chosen and slaughtered The growth performance ca rcas characteris tics and copper co ncen tration

of diet feces liver pancreas spleen kidney bi le Longissimus dorsi musc le and blood se rum we re measured

The res ult showed that the different for ms of cop per compounds did not affect the g row th pe rformance

carcass cha racteristics fecal and ur inary copper exc retion of the pigs Th e pigs of grou p A had low er (P lt

005) dail y Cu intake Cu excre tion and Cu co nce ntration in feces than the other groups Besid es the Cu

co nce ntration of liver ranged from 27-33 rngkg and no d iff er en ce was ob served amo ng the treatments

Group B pigs had significa ntly high er (P lt 005) Cu co nce ntra tion in pancreas splee n bile and blood serum

In concl usion pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based die ts added di fferent forms or levels of Cu did not affec t the

growth performance and ca rcass characteristics Ho wever the Cu co nce ntration in feces and the excret ion of

Cu increased when dai ly Cu inta ke was increased

Key words Growing-finishing pigs Copper Feca l and ur inary excreti on

127 Taiwan Livestock Res 43(2) 11 5 ~ 127 2010

( I ) Contribut ion No 1544 from Livestock Research Institute Counc il of Agriculture Executive Yuan

( 2) Livestock Management Division COA-LR I Hsinhua Tainan 7 12 Taiwan ROC

( 3 ) Department of Animal Science Na tiona l Chaiyi University 300 University Road Chaiyi 600 Taiwan RO C

( 4) Animal Industry Division COA-LRl Hsinhua Tainan 7 12 Taiwan ROC

( 5) Nutrition Division COA-LRl Hsinhua Tainan 7 12 Taiwan ROC

( 6) Corresponding auth or E-mai l tmsurnail t1rigovtw