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Forest physical structure in contrastingaltitudes and ecological conditions

Ana Paula Florentino, Georgina Conti, Imma Oliveras, Javier Silva and Lía MonttiCoordinated by Scott Stark

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Forest structure may influence or predict several ecosystems attributes

-Canopy structureLAI: Photosynthesis , productivity, decomposition

-Diameter and height structure Forest Growth, aboveground biomass 

carbon stocks

- Physical attributes: albedo, cover, roughness microclimate

- Diversity of microsites and habitatsabundance and ditribution of several

organisms

STRUCTURE  FUNCTION 

Why is important study forest structure?

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How does an altitudinal gradient influence forest attributes?

Girardin et al. 2010

ABOVEGROUND BIOMASSBASAL AREA

Silman´s presentation

What is the future of Amazon forests under climate change?

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How to study forest cover structure?

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Satellite remote

sensing

Permanent field plot 

Direct and & effective measures of 

forest structure and ecosystemprocesses

Estimation for large areas

Local scale, time-consuming.

Low resolution for ecological

processes, two-dimentional

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Light detection and ranking (LIDAR)

Airborne LIDAR Portable ground LIDAR

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Questions 

1-Does forest structure change with elevation?

3- Does fire affect forest structure?

2- Do changes in forest structure affect light incidence and

forest absorption over the Amazon?

4-Do LIDAR-based estimations differ from field observations?

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Methods

STUDY SITE  ELEVATION 

(m) 

TEMPERATURE 

( °C) 

RAINFALL 

(mm yr-1) 

Wayqecha  3025  11.1  1706 

Tambopata  210  23.9  2730 

Study area

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Methods

- Field data from Wayqecha and Tambopata plots (RAINFOR and fire project plots)

- LIDAR data from conical sampling (Wayqecha) and linear transects (Tambopata)

Experimental design (LiDAR)

Wayqecha

(conical sampling at 6 different angles)

Tambopata 

(linear sampling)

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Results: Does forest structure differ with elevation?

WAYTAM

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Results: Do changes in forest structure affect light incidence and

forest absorption? 

TAM-03TAM-04TAM-09

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Results: Do changes in forest structure affect light incidence and

forest absorption? 

TAM-03TAM-04TAM-09

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Results: Do changes in forest structure affect light incidence and

forest absorption? 

TapajosTAMDuckeTAM

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Results: How does fire affect forest structure? 

BurnedUnburned

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Results: How does fire affect forest structure? 

R l

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Results: Do LIDAR-based estimations differ from field

observations?TAM-04 TAM-09 WAYQECHA

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Conclusions

• Altitude changes tree height, and there is some changes in

relative vertical distribution of vegetation

• Light absorption and incidence are driven by the canopy

vertical distribution (difference between plot 9 and plot 4)

• Fire deeply changes forest structure by eliminating tallest

trees

• Some evidnece that LAI similar at different elevations, but

changes with fire

• Local forest structure is similar to a site in Central Amazon (~

1,000 km away)

• A simple model relating basal area to leaf area can predict

vertical forest structure

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LIDAR Group

PASI 2011-PERÚ

Gracias!!!

Moltes gràcies!!!

Obrigada!!! Thank you!!!