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Essentials of Cooperative Learning

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“The PIES principles are what set cooperative learning apart from other approaches to instruction; the PIES principles are the lynchpin to successful cooperative learning.”

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“If any of the PIES principles are not implemented, we may or may not get gains. Once we understand PIES and how to implement the principles, we are prepared to unleash the full potential of cooperative learning.”

(Kagan, 2009)

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Critical Questions• Question 1:

– Positive Correlation: Are student on the same side?

• Question 2: Interdependence: – Does the task require working

together?

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Individual AccountabilityThree Components of Individual

Accountability• Individual

– The performance is done without help.• Public

– Someone witnesses the performance.• Required

– The performance is required.

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Ways to Create Individual Accountability

• Listening• Brainstorming• Decision-Making• Comprehension• Note-Taking

• Contributions• Participation• Skill Mastery• Task Completion• Achievement

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“When using cooperative teams, we ensure each

individual is held accountable for thinking, contributing, and

learning.”

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Six Approaches to Equalizing Participation• Individual Accountability• Role Assignment• Rules• Think Time• Time Allocation• Turn Taking

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Equal Participation tells us that during pair work, one person is left out in a group of three or five, so groups of four are preferable.

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Equal ParticipationCritical Question

Is participation approximately equal?

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“Those trained in the Kagan model are not satisfied with unstructured Group or Pair Discussion, in part because the Kagan model emphasizes Equal Participation.”

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Critical Question• What percent of students are overly

interacting at once?

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“Active engagement increases student learning. If

students are off task, they are less likely to learn. If

students are only occasionally engaged, they learn less than when they are regularly engaged.”