Name:_______________________________________ Class:GC1
Asmita Mistry, Vidyalaya, Inc., 2012 1 | P a g e
Gujarati Grammar
Personal Pronouns
Singular Pronouns: Plural Pronouns:
I hu(n) WE ame
YOU (formal) tame YOU (formal) tame
YOU (familiar) tu YOU (familiar) tame
IT/ HE/ SHE e/te THEY e loko/teo
Objective Pronouns
Singular Pronouns: Plural Pronouns:
IT/THIS aa THEY/THESE aa
THAT pelu/pelo/pelee THOSE pelaa/pelaa/pelee
Possessive Pronouns
Singular Pronouns: Plural Pronouns:
MINE maaru/aa/ee WE amaaru/aa/ee
YOUR (formal) tamaaru/aa/ee YOU (formal) tamaaraa/aa/ee
YOUR (familiar) taaru/aa/ee YOU (familiar) tamaaraa/aa/ee
HIS/HER (t)enu/aa/ee THEY teo/ e loko nu/naa/nee
Name:_______________________________________ Class:GC1
Asmita Mistry, Vidyalaya, Inc., 2012 2 | P a g e
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VERBS WITH PRONOUNS
Singular Pronouns: Plural Pronouns:
I AM… hun…..chu(n) WE ARE… ame…..Cheeye
YOU (formal) ARE… tame…..Cho YOU (formal) ARE… tame…..Cho
YOU (familiar) ARE… tu…..Che YOU (familiar) ARE… tame…..Cho
IT/ HE/ SHE IS… e/te…..Che THEY ARE… teo/ e loko…..Che
PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE VERBS WITH PRONOUNS
Singular Pronouns: Plural Pronouns:
I WAS… hun…..hato/ee WE WERE… ame…..hataa
YOU (formal) WERE… tame…..hataa YOU (formal) WERE… tame…..hataa
YOU (familiar) WAS… tu…..hato/hatee YOU (familiar) WERE… tame…..hataa
IT/HE/ SHE WAS… e/te…..hatu/o/ee THEY WERE… teo/e loko…..hataa
FUTURE TENSE VERBS WITH PRONOUNS
Singular Pronouns: Plural Pronouns:
I WILL… hun…..-eesh WE WILL… ame…..-eeshu
YOU (formal) WILL… tame…..-asho YOU (formal) WILL… tame…..-asho
YOU (familiar) WILL… tu…..-ashe YOU (familiar) WILL… tame…..-asho
IT/HE/ SHE WILL… e/te…..-ashe THEY WILL… teo/ e loko…..-ashe
Name:_______________________________________ Class:GC1
Asmita Mistry, Vidyalaya, Inc., 2012 3 | P a g e
Conjugation for the verb “To Come” (aavavu)
PRESENT TENSE
I COME hun aavu Chu. WE COME ame aaveeye cheeye.
YOU (formal) COME tame aavo Cho. YOU (formal) COME tame aavo Cho.
YOU (familiar) COME tu aave Che. YOU (familiar) COME tame aavo Cho.
IT/HE/ SHE COMES e/te aave Che. THEY COME teo/e loko aave Che.
PAST TENSE
I CAME hun aavyo hato. hun aavee hatee.
WE CAME ame aavyaa hataa.
YOU (formal) CAME
tame aavyaa hataa. YOU (formal) CAME tame aavyaa hataa.
YOU (familiar) CAME
tu aavyo hato. tu aavee hatee.
YOU (familiar) CAME
tame aavyaa hataa.
IT/HE/ SHE CAMES e/te aavyu/yo/ee hatu/o/ee.
THEY CAME teo/e loko aavyaa hataa.
FUTURE TENSE
I WILL COME hun aaveesh. WE WILL COME ame aaveeshu.
YOU (formal) WILL COME
tame aavasho. YOU (formal) WILL COME
tame aavasho.
YOU (familiar) WILL COME
tu aavashe. YOU (familiar) WILL COME
tame aavasho.
IT/ HE/ SHE WILL COME
e/te aavashe. THEY WILL COME teo/ e loko aavashe.
Name:_______________________________________ Class:GC1
Asmita Mistry, Vidyalaya, Inc., 2012 4 | P a g e
Nouns and Gender Masculine:
Nouns ending in “o” Chokaro, rasto, rediyo
boy, road, radio
Names of males, mountains and seas krishanaa, himaalaya, pacific
Krishna, Himalaya, Pacific
Common Masculine nouns nepkeen, saaboo, rumaal, koT, paTo, naasto, ras,
napkin, soap, towel, coat, belt, snack, juice,
darvaajo, kaagaDd, viraam, rasto, reDiyo, telefon, chamacho
door, paper, rest, road, radio, phone, large spoon
Feminine:
Nouns ending in “i” or “ee” gareebee, Chokaree, devee
poverty, girl, Goddess
Names of females and rivers Priya, Yamuna
Common Feminine Nouns taaee, topee, pen, roTlee, puree, gaaDee, moTar,
tie, hat, pen, indian flat bread, round bread, car, motor, office,
chaavee, khurashee, chaadar, ghanTaDee, kofee, oongh
key, chair, sheet, bell, coffee, sleep (noun)
Neutral:
Nouns ending in “un” Chokarun, gaadalun, sapanun
Child, mattress, dream
Names of cities and villages Mumbai, Umargaam
Common Neutral Nouns: brush, osheeku, pent, sharT, doodh, baaraNu, paaNee, tebal
brush, pillow, pants, shirt, milk, door, water, table
Learn Gujarati by Kirit Shah, 1991
Name:_______________________________________ Class:GC1
Asmita Mistry, Vidyalaya, Inc., 2012 5 | P a g e
Singular and Plural Nouns
Masculine Nouns:
Singular Nouns ending in “a” and other masculine nouns
Add “o”:
ful→fulo (flowers)
Singular Nouns ending in “o” Change “o” to “aa”:
Chokaro→Chokaraa (boys)
or Add “o” after adding “aa”
Chokaraa→ Chokaraao
Feminine Nouns:
Singular nouns ending in “ee” Add “o”:
khurashee→khurasheeo (chair)
Singular nouns ending in “aa” Add “o”:
maataa→maataao (mothers)
Neutral nouns:
Singular nouns ending in “un” Change “un” to “aan”
Chokarun→Chokaraan (children)
Learn Gujarati by Kirit Shah, 1991
Name:_______________________________________ Class:GC1
Asmita Mistry, Vidyalaya, Inc., 2012 6 | P a g e
Adverbs
Adverbs modify the verb or add meaning to the verb.
Time immediately
sometimes
always
daily
everyday
every year
tarat
koeek vaar
hameshaa
dar-roj
dar-roj
dar-varshe
often
just now
afterwards
finally
day and night
ghaNee vaar
amaNaa
pachee thee
Chelle
raat-divas
Place everywhere
far
from here
from there
from where
chaaron-or
door
yahaan se
vahaan se
kahaan se
somewhere
inside
near
outside
within
kaheen se
andar
paas
baahar
bheetar
Action continuous
quickly
slowly
lagaataar, nirantar
jaldee se
dheere se
like this
suddenly
how
eise
achaanak
keise, kis tarah
Quantity a little
a lot, very much
completely
thoDaa, zaraa saa
bahut, khoob
pooraa
exactly
somewhat
according to one’s capacity
baraabar
kuCh
yathaa-shakti
Certainty surely
certainly
zaroor
nishchit
really, indeed
undoubtedly
sachmuch
beshak, nis-sandeh
Doubt perhaps kadaachit possibly shaayad
Name:_______________________________________ Class:GC1
Asmita Mistry, Vidyalaya, Inc., 2012 7 | P a g e
Prepositions
Prepositions are related to a noun.
above, on
after
against
as
around
because of
before
below
for
for the sake of
inside
in the middle of
oopar, par, paas
peeChe, baad
virudhdh
samaan
chaaron or, aaspaas
kee vajah se
aage, saamane, pahale
tale, neeche
liye, vaaste
khaatir
bheetar
beech me
like
near
on the other side
outside
opposite
than
through
till
to, towards
up to
with
without
samaan, tarah
nikaT, paas
pare, kinaare
baahar
sam-mukh
kee apeksha, se
dvaaraa, maarfat
tak
prati, taraf, or, dishaa me
paryant
saath, samet, sahit
bina, sivaa, rahit
Conjunctions
Conjunctions join two words or two sentences.
and
or
but
because
our (or), tathaa, evam
ya
kintu, parantu, magar, lekin
ki, kyonki
therefore
otherwise
still
if…not…
isliye, is kaaraN
varanaa
phir bhi, to bhi
yadi….nahi
Name:_______________________________________ Class:GC1
Asmita Mistry, Vidyalaya, Inc., 2012 8 | P a g e
Adjectives
Adjectives describe nouns.
a lot, many
all
bad
best
better
big
bitter
brave
careful, cautious
cheap
clean
clever
closed
cold
common
complete
constant
cruel
dangerous
dead
deaf
dear
different
difficult
disappointed
dirty
dry
easy
educated
bahut
sab
buraa
param, ut-tam
jyaadaa, ach-Chaa
baDaa
kaDuaa
bahaadur
saavadhaan, hoshiyaar
sastaa
svachCh
chatur, hoshiyaar
bandh
Thandaa
saamaanya
pooraa, sampoorNa
satat
kroor, nirday
bhayaanak
mrut, maraa huaa
baharaa
priya, pyaaraa
vividh
mushkil
niraash
gandaa, meilaa
sukhaa
saral
paDhaa-likhaa, shikshit
empty
expensive
false
famous
fat
few
first
flat
free, independent
fresh
generous
good
great
greatest
greedy
handicapped
happy
hard, difficult
healthy
heavy
high
honest
holy
hot
hungry
ill/sick
important
innocent
jealous
khaalee
mahangaa, keematee
galat, jhuThaa
mashahoor
moTaa, tagaDaa
thoDaa, kam
pahalaa
chapaTaa, choupaT
mukt, svatantra
taazaa, haraa
udaar
achChaa, bhalaa
baDaa, mahaan
sabse baDaa
lobhee, laalachee
apang
sukhee, khush
kaThin, sakht
tandurast, nirogee
bhaaree, bozdaar
oonchaa
eemaanadaar
pavitra
garm
bhookhaa
beemaar, mareez (patient)
jarooree, mahatvapurNa
nirdosh
eerShyaaloo
Name:_______________________________________ Class:GC1
Asmita Mistry, Vidyalaya, Inc., 2012 9 | P a g e
kind
last
late (time)
late (dead)
lazy
lean, skinny
left (direction)
light
little
living
long
low
loose
lucky
mad, crazy
many times
more
naked
narrow
near
necessary
new
next
old
open
poor
powerful, strong
private
proud
quiet
quick
raw
ready
dayaaloo
antim
der se
svargeeya
aalasee
patalaa
baanye, baaee or
halkaa
ChoTaa (size), thoDaa (amount)
jeevit
lambaa
neechaa (height), oChaa (amount)
Dheelaa
bhaagyavaan
paagal, divaanaa
kaee baar, kaee gunaa
jyaadaa
nangaa, nagna
sankaraa, tang
nazadeek
jarooree, aavashyak
nayaa
agalaa
puraanaa
khula
gareeb, nirdhan, rank
balavaan, shaktishaalee
nijee, khufiyaa
abhimaanee
shaant
jaldee
kach-chaa
taiyaar
rich
right, correct
right (direction)
ripe
ruined
sad
salty
separate
short
sick
simple
slow
small
smart
soft
sorry
sour
spicy
standing
straight
strong
stupid
sweet
tall
tasteless
tender
thick
thin
thirsty
tight
tired
true
ugly
dhanavaan, dhanee
sach-chaa, sahee
daahinee or
pakaa huaa
barabaad
udaas dilageer
namakeen
alag
ChoTaa
bimaar
saadaa, saral
dheeraa
ChoTaa, ChoTee
chaalaak
naram, mulaayam
dilageer
khaT-Taa
tez
khaDaa
seedhaa
majaboot
murkh
meeThaa
oonchaa
svaadaheen
komal, narm
moTaa, ghanaa
patalaa
pyaasaa
tang, sakht
thakaa huaa
sach-chaa
badasoorat
Name:_______________________________________ Class:GC1
Asmita Mistry, Vidyalaya, Inc., 2012 10 | P a g e
unsuccessful
useful
useless
warm
weak
wealthy
wet
wide
wrong, lie
young
youthful
nishfal, asafal
upayogee
nirupayogee, nikaam
garm
ashkt, nirbal
maaladaar
bheegaa huaa
chouDaa
jhuTh
ChoTaa, taruN
javaan, yuvaa
Name:_______________________________________ Class:GC1
Asmita Mistry, Vidyalaya, Inc., 2012 11 | P a g e
Verbs
Action words
answer
apply (put on)
arrive
ask
bathe
be able
be afraid
hold
beat
become, be
begin
behave/act
believe
bend
boil
break
bring
burn
buy
change
choose
clean
climb
clothe
come
cook
count
cover
cry
jawaab dena
lagaanaa
aanaa
puChanaa
nahaanaa
kar sakanaa
ghabharaanaa
pakaDanaa
maarnaa
bananaa, honaa
shuru (chaloo) karanaa
bartanaa/pesh aanaa
maananaa
moDanaa
ubalanaa
toDanaa
laanaa
jalanaa
khareedanaa
badalanaa
pasand karanaa
saaf karanaa
chaDhanaa
kapde pahenanaa
aanaa
pakaanaa
ginatee karanaa
Dhakanaa
ronaa
cut
dance
die
dig
dine / eat
do
draw
drink
drive
eat
enjoy
explain
fall
fear
fight
find
finish
fly
forget
give
go
go back
go in
go out
hear
hide
hold
hungry (to be)
kaaTanaa
naachanaa
maranaa
khodanaa
khaanaa
karanaa
tasaveer banaanaa
peenaa
chalaanaa
khaanaa
mastee karanaa,
mouj karanaa
samjhaanaa
giranaa
Daranaa
laDanaa, jhagaDanaa
DhunDhanaa
khatma karanaa
uDanaa/uDaanaa
bhulnaa, bhul janaa
denaa
jaanaa
peeChe jaanaa
andar jaanaa
bahaar jaanaa
sunanaa
Chupanaa
pakaDanaa
bhookh laganaa
Name:_______________________________________ Class:GC1
Asmita Mistry, Vidyalaya, Inc., 2012 12 | P a g e
is
is not
jump
keep
kill
knock
know
laugh
learn
lay/lie down
lie (to tell a..)
like
listen
look
lose
make
marry
meet
open
play
pray
prepare
put
read
remember
return/give back
return/come back
run
say
search
see
hei
nahi hei
koodanaa
rakhanaa
maaranaa
khaTa-khaTaanaa
maaloom hona,
jaananaa
hansanaa
seekhanaa
leTanaa
jhooTh bolanaa
pasand karanaa
sunanaa
dekhanaa
gumaanaa, khonaa
banaanaa
shaadee karanaa
milanaa
kholanaa
khelanaa
bhajanaa,
prarthna karanaa
taiyaar karanaa
rakhanaa
paDhanaa
yaad raakhnaa
lauTaanaa
lauTanaa
dauDanaa
kehanaa
Dhundhanaa, khojanaa
dekhanaa
show
sit
sleep
smell
speak
spend
stand
stop
swim
take
teach
tear/ rip
think
thirsty (to be)
throw
try
understand
use
wait
wake
walk
want
wash/clean
wish
work
write
yawn
dikhaanaa
baiThanaa
sonaa
soonghnaa
bolanaa
kharchnaa
khaDe rehanaa
rukanaa
tairanaa
lenaa
sikhaanaa; paDhaanaa
phaaDanaa
sochanaa
pyaas laganaa
phenkanaa
koshish karanaa,
prayatna karanaa
samajhanaa
istemaal karanaa
intezaar karanaa, raah
dekhanaa
jaaganaa, uThanaa
chalanaa
chaahanaa
dhonaa, saaf karanaa
ichChaa karanaa
kaam karanaa
likhanaa
ubaasi aanaa
Name:_______________________________________ Class:GC1
Asmita Mistry, Vidyalaya, Inc., 2012 13 | P a g e
Examples of English words used in Hindi
These words remain the same in both languages
appeal
bill
bank
chimney
coffee
conductor
check (bank)
cinema
driver
engine
fee
money-order
muffler
minute
mill
pen
pencil
radio
railway
registered
ration
stove
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