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2013 edition
Pocketbooks
ISSN 1725-4566
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Pocketbooks
2013 edition
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Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
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Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2013
ISBN 978-92-79-33105-3
ISSN 1725-4566
doi:10.2785/4663
Cat. No: KS-DK-13-001-EN-C
Theme: Environment and energy
Collection: Pocketbooks
European Union, 2013
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
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Energy, transport and environment indicators 3
Introduction
Introduction
The 2013 edition presents facts and figures from the Energy, Transport andEnvironment sectors, all in a single volume. With a view of the growing globalpolitical importance of issues such as climate change and energy security, thethree sectors have become increasingly interconnected. This creates the needfor a comprehensive approach, comprising reliable and comparable statisticaldata, necessary for the better understanding of the complexity of the issues,for sound policy-making and the setting of effective measures.
For the first time, the indicators present national data for the 28 EU Member
States, the EFTA and candidate countries. When available, the EU-28aggregate is also provided. When the EU-28 aggregate is not available, theEU-27 aggregate is provided. Data are generally available for the periodbetween 2001 and 2011; transport mainly between 2006 and 2011. In theenergy chapter, the main data sources are: reporting under Regulation (EC)No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on EnergyStatistics and Directive 2008/92/EC concerning transparency of gas andelectricity prices. In the transport chapter, the most important data sources
are: reporting under the EU legal acts on transport statistics and the Eurostat/UNECE/ITF Common Questionnaire. Regarding environment, data onwaste derive from reporting under Regulation 2150/2002 on waste statisticsand data on water are collected in cooperation with the OECD by meansof a Joint Questionnaire. Environmental accounts are collected by Eurostatand emissions data are taken from the European Environment Agency. Thereport State of Europes Forests 2011 is the source of data on forest area andwood harvest by ownership whereas imports of wood and wood productscome from Eurostat. Data on bird indicators are provided by the EuropeanBird Census Council/The Royal Society for Protection of Birds/BirdLifeInternational/Statistics Netherlands.
General data offer a first macroscopic overview of the main characteristicsof the EU and its position with regard to the main economies worldwide.
Energyindicators include supply, final consumption, renewable sources, andthe structure of the industry; energy dependency, energy efficiency, and energyprices. The new Directive on renewable energy sources (1), integral part of
the Energy Package, defines the share of these sources in gross final energyconsumption. This publication presents data on certain indicators, for examplebiofuels, relevant for the policy on the promotion of renewable energy.Energy prices are presented in accordance with the new methodology.
Transport indicators cover equipment, volume of passengers and freighttransport, modes of transport, transport infrastructure, road safety andtransport-related emissions.
The Environment chapter includes indicators on climate change andgreenhouse gas emissions, waste generation and treatment, water resources,abstraction and use, wastewater treatment, forestry and biodiversity,chemicals, material flow accounts and relevant financial indicators such asenvironmental protection expenditure and environmental taxes.
For detailed data please check: Free data available on the Eurostat website at http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat European Environment Agency (EEA) website at http://eea.europa.eu
(1) Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotionof the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealingDirectives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC (2009/28/EC).
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostathttp://eea.europa.eu/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostathttp://eea.europa.eu/http://eea.europa.eu/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat8/10/2019 Eurostat Energy
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4 Energy, transport and environment indicators
Introduction
Eurostat the statistical office
of the European UnionEurostat is the statistical office of the European Union, situated inLuxembourg. Its task is to provide the EU with statistics at a European levelthat enable comparisons between countries and regions.
Eurostats mission is to be the leading provider of high quality statistics onEurope.
In 2011, Eurostat had around 880 persons working for it and its executedbudget amounted to EUR 85 million (excluding costs of statutory staff andadministrative expenses).
The production of Union statistics shall conform to impartiality, reliability,objectivity, scientific independence, cost-effectiveness and statisticalconfidentiality; it shall not entail excessive burdens on economic operators.
Eurostat aims:
to provide other European institutions and the governments of the MemberStates with the information needed to design, implement, monitor andevaluate Community policies;
to disseminate statistics to the European public and enterprises and to alleconomic and social agents involved in decision making;
to implement a set of standards, methods and organizational structureswhich allow comparable, reliable and relevant statistics to be producedthroughout the Union, in line with the principles of the European statisticsCode of Practice;
to improve the functioning of the European Statistical System, to supportthe Member States, and to assist in the development of statistical systemson international level.
A practical guide to accessing EuropeanstatisticsThe simplest way to access Eurostats broad range of statistical informationis through the Eurostat website (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat). Eurostatprovides users with free access to its databases and all of its publications inPDF format via the Internet. The website is updated daily and gives accessto the latest and most comprehensive statistical information available on theEU, its Member States, EFTA countries, and candidate countries.
Eurostat online data code(s) easy access to thefreshest dataEurostat online data codes, such as tps00001andnama_gdp_c (2), allow thereader to easily access the most recent data on Eurostats website. In thispocketbook these online data codes are given as part of the source beloweach table and figure.
(2) There are two types of online data codes: Tables (accessed using the TGM interface) have 8-character codes, which consist of 3
or 5 letters the first of which is t followed by 5 or 3 digits, e.g. tps00001andtsdph220. Databases (accessed using the Data Explorer interface) have codes that use an
underscore _ within the syntax of the code, e.g.nama_gdp_candproj_08c2150p.
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostathttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostathttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostathttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=tps00001&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=tps00001&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=tps00001&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nama_gdp_c&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nama_gdp_c&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nama_gdp_c&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=tps00001&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=tps00001&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=tps00001&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=tps00001&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=tsdph220&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=tsdph220&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=tsdph220&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=proj_08c2150p&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nama_gdp_c&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nama_gdp_c&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nama_gdp_c&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=proj_08c2150p&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=proj_08c2150p&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=proj_08c2150p&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostathttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=proj_08c2150p&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=tsdph220&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=tps00001&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nama_gdp_c&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nama_gdp_c&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=tps00001&mode=view8/10/2019 Eurostat Energy
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Energy, transport and environment indicators 5
Introduction
In the PDF version of this publication, the reader is led directly to the freshestdata when clicking on the hyper-links that form part of each online datacode. Readers of the paper version can access the freshest data by typing astandardised hyper-link into a web browser, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=&mode=view, where is to bereplaced by the online data code printed under the table or figure in question.The data is presented either in the TGM or the Data Explorer interface.
Online data codes can also be fed into the Search function on Eurostatswebsite, which is found in the upper-right corner of the Eurostat homepage,
at http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat.
The results from such a search present related dataset(s) and possiblypublication(s) and metadata. By clicking on these hyperlinks users are takento product page(s) (3), which provide some background information abouteach dataset/publication or set of metadata. For example, it is possible tomove directly to the data from the data product page by clicking the TGM or
Data Explorer icons presented under the View table sub-heading.Note that the data on the Eurostats website is frequently updated.
Note also that the description above presents the situation as of the end ofNovember 2011.
Statistics Explained
Statistics Explained is part of Eurostats website it provides easy accessto Eurostats statistical information. It can be accessed via a link on theright-hand side of Eurostats homepage, or directly at http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained.
Statistics Explained is a wiki-based system that presents statistical topics.Together, the articles make up an encyclopedia of European statistics, whichis completed by a statistical glossary that clarifies the terms used. In addition,
numerous links are provided to the latest data and metadata and to furtherinformation, making Statistics Explained a portal for regular and occasionalusers alike.
In May 2012 Statistics Explained contained well over 500 statistical andbackground articles and some 1 200 glossary pages in English; their numberis continuously growing. About 100 of these articles, the content of theEurostat yearbook (by the end of September 2012) and Eurostat regionalyearbook are available in French and German, and 20 representative ones
have been translated into 18 other EU languages. As a result, 570 articles in20 languages besides English can be consulted.
Users can search for articles using navigational features in the lefthand menu.The top-right menu bar of Statistics Explained offers tools, among others, toprint, forward, cite, blog or share content easily.
(3) The product page can also be accessed by using a hyper-link, for example,http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=, where is to bereplaced by the online data code in question.
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostathttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostathttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explainedhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explainedhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostathttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained8/10/2019 Eurostat Energy
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6 Energy, transport and environment indicators
Acknowledgements
Project management:
Roeland Mertens, Eurostat
For further information:
Energy indicators:
Roeland Mertens
Transport indicators:
Luciano De Angelis
Environment indicators:
Evangelia Ford-Alexandraki: coordinator
Waste Lene Bochaton
Forestry and biodiversity Marilise Wolf-Crowther, Csaba Mozes
Water Jrgen Frster
Chemicals Christian Heidorn
Environmental accounts and climate change:
Ulrich Wieland: coordinator
Greenhouse gas emissions David Biddle, Stephan Moll
Material flow accounts Cristina Popescu, Stephan Moll
Environmental taxes Anton Steurer
Environmental protection expenditure Anton Steurer
Publication management:
Stavroula Papagianni and Philip Siakkis,
Centre for Renewable Energy Sources and Saving
Original language:
English
Translations:
European Commission Translation Service
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Energy, transport and environment indicators 7
Table of contents
Introduction 3
1 General Data
1.1 Basic figures1.1.1 Area and population worldwide 221.1.2 GDP, GDP share in the world, GDP per head in PPP worldwide 241.1.3 Trade in goods worldwide 26
2 Energy indicators2.1 Energy dependency2.1.1 Energy dependency all products 302.1.2 Energy dependency hard coal and derivatives 322.1.3 Energy dependency oil 342.1.4 Energy dependency natural gas 36
2.2 Energy intensity
2.2.1 Energy intensity 382.3 Energy supply2.3.1 Primary energy production, by fuel 402.3.2 Gross inland consumption, by fuel 422.3.3 Imports of energy products, by country of origin 442.3.4 Net imports of solid fuels and oil 462.3.5 Net imports of natural gas 482.3.6 Net imports of electricity 50
2.4 Final energy consumption2.4.1 Final energy consumption, by sector 522.4.2 Final energy consumption, by industrial sector 542.4.3 Final energy consumption in industry, by fuel 562.4.4 Final energy consumption by mode of transpor 582.4.5 Final energy consumption in transport, by fuel 602.4.6 Final energy consumption in households, by fuel 62
2.5 Energy industry2.5.1 Installed capacity of electricity generation plants, by type 642.5.2 Power station generation, by type 662.5.3 Thermal efficiency of power stations 682.5.4 Combined heat and power generation 702.5.5 Market share of the largest generator in the electricity market 72
2.6 Renewable energy sources2.6.1 Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption 74
2.6.2 Installed capacity for electricity generation from renewables 762.6.3 Electricity from renewables in total electricity consumption 782.6.4 Biofuels production capacity 802.6.5 Primary production of biofuels 822.6.6 Share of biofuels in fuel consumption of transport 84
2.7 Energy efficiency2.7.1 Gross inland consumption per capita 862.7.2 Final electricity consumption per capita 88
2.8 Energy prices2.8.1 Electricity prices in households and industry 902.8.2 Natural gas prices in households and industry 92
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3 Transport indicators
3.1 Transport equipment3.1.1 Motorisation rate of passenger cars 963.1.2 Passenger cars, by fuel type 983.1.3 Renewal rate of passenger cars 1003.1.4 Motorisation rate of lorries and road tractors 1023.1.5 Renewal rate of lorries and road tractors 104
3.1.6 Airfleet by operator country 1063.2 Freight transport3.2.1 Index of inland freight transport volume relative to GDP 1083.2.2 Modal split of inland freight transport 1103.2.3 Goods freight transport by rail 1123.2.4 Goods freight transport by road 1143.2.5 Goods freight transport by inland waterways 1163.2.6 Goods freight transport by sea 118
3.2.7 Goods freight transport by air 1203.2.8 Goods freight transport by oil pipelines 122
3.3 Passenger transport3.3.1 Passenger transport by rail 1243.3.2 Passenger transport by passenger cars 1263.3.3 Passenger transport by buses and coaches 1283.3.4 Passenger transport by air 1303.3.5 Passenger transport by sea 132
3.4 Transport safety3.4.1 Persons killed in road accidents 134
3.5 Transport infrastructure3.5.1 Motorways network 1363.5.2 Railways network 138
3.6 Transport-related emissions
3.6.1 Greenhouse gas emissions from transport, by mode of transport 140
4 Environment indicators4.1 Greenhouse gas emissions4.1.1 Greenhouse gas emissions and agreed reduction targets 1444.1.2 Greenhouse gas emissions, breakdown by inventory sector 1464.1.3 Carbon (CO2) intensity of energy use 148
4.1.4 CO2emissions by economic activity, by country 1504.1.5 Carbon (CO2) productivity of the EU economy by NACE section 1524.1.6 Domestic and global CO2emissions induced by EU-27
production and consumption perspective 154
4.2. Material flow accounts4.2.1 Domestic material consumption by material 1564.2.2 Total imports and exports of materials in the EU-27 1584.2.3 Total imports and exports, by stage of manufacturing 160
4.2.4 Domestic material input and domestic material consumptionper capita 1624.2.5 Raw material input and raw material consumption per capita 164
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4.3 Waste4.3.1 Total waste generated (hazardous, non-hazardous) 1664.3.2 Waste generation by economic activity and households 1684.3.3 Waste management 1704.3.4 Waste generation (excluding major mineral wastes) 1724.3.5 Municipal waste generated per inhabitant 1744.3.6 Energy production from municipal waste incineration 1764.3.7 Greenhouse gas emissions from waste treatment 178
4.3.8 Recovery and recycling rate of packaging waste 1804.3.9 Recovery and recycling rate for end-of-life vehicles 1824.3.10 Waste electrical and electronic equipment 1844.3.11 Waste shipment hazardous waste 186
4.4 Chemicals4.4.1 Production of environmentally harmful chemicals 188
4.5 Forestry and biodiversity4.5.1 Trade in roundwood, fuelwood and pellets 1904.5.2 Imports of major wood products by species 1924.5.3 Production and apparent consumption of industrial roundwood
by species 1944.5.4 Tropical wood imports to the EU from Chapter 44 of the
Harmonised System 1964.5.5 Economic indicators for forestry and logging in current
basic prices 1984.5.6 Employment in forestry and logging 200
4.5.7 EU common bird indicators 2024.5.8 National and EU farmland bird indicators 204
4.6 Water4.6.1 Total abstraction of fresh water 2064.6.2 Total abstraction of fresh water per capita, by source 2084.6.3 Use of water from all supplies by the domestic sector
(households and services) per capita 2104.6.4 Self supply water use for energy production (cooling water only) 2124.6.5 Population connected to at least secondary wastewater treatment 214
4.7 Environmental taxes4.7.1 Environmental tax revenue by type as % of GDP 2164.7.2 Environmental tax revenue by type as % of taxes and social
contributions 2184.7.3 Energy taxes by economic activity 2204.7.4 Transport taxes by economic activity 2224.7.5 Implicit tax rate on energy 224
4.8 Environmental protection expenditure4.8.1 Environmental protection expenditure in the European Union 2264.8.2 Environmental protection expenditure by environmental domain 2284.8.3 Environmental protection expenditure by sector 2304.8.4 Environmental protection investment and current expenditure
by sector 2324.8.5 Environmental protection expenditure by industry sub-sector 234
Annex A: Glossary of terms used in the energy section 236
Annex B: Terms and methodology used in the transport section 239Annex C: Glossary of terms used in the environment section 240Annex D:Calorific values and conversion factors 246
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Table des matires
Introduction 3
1 Donnes gnrales
1.1 Chiffres de base1.1.1 Superficie et population, au niveau mondial 221.1.2 PIB, part du PIB mondial, PIB par habitant en PPA, au niveau mondial 241.1.3 Commerce de biens, au niveau mondial 262 Indicateurs de l'nergie
2.1 Dpendance nergtique2.1.1 Dpendance nergtique tous produits 302.1.2 Dpendance nergtique houille et drivs 322.1.3 Dpendance nergtique ptrole 342.1.4 Dpendance nergtique gaz naturel 36
2.2 Intensit nergtique2.2.1 Intensit nergtique 38
2.3 Approvisionnement nergtique2.3.1 Production d'nergie primaire, par combustible 402.3.2 Consommation intrieure brute, par combustible 422.3.3 Importations de produits nergtiques, par pays d'origine 442.3.4 Importations nettes de combustibles solides et de ptrole 462.3.5 Importations nettes de gaz naturel 482.3.6 Importations nettes d'lectricit 50
2.4 Consommation nergtique finale
2.4.1 Consommation nergtique finale, par secteur 522.4.2 Consommation nergtique finale, par secteur industriel 542.4.3 Consommation nergtique finale dans l'industrie,
par combustible 562.4.4 Consommation nergtique finale, par mode de transport 582.4.5 Consommation nergtique finale dans les transports, par combustible 602.4.6 Consommation nergtique finale des mnages,
par combustible 62
2.5 Industrie nergtique2.5.1 Capacit installe de production d'lectricit, par type 642.5.2 Production des centrales lectriques, par type 662.5.3 Rendement thermique des centrales lectriques 682.5.4 Production combine de chaleur et d'lectricit 702.5.5 Part de march du plus grand producteur d'lectricit 72
2.6 Sources d'nergie renouvelables2.6.1 Part de l'nergie produite partir de sources renouvelables
dans la consommation finale brute d'nergie 742.6.2 Capacit installe de production d'lectricit partirde sources d'nergie renouvelables 76
2.6.3 Part de l'lectricit produite partir de sources renouvelablesdans la consommation totale d'lectricit 78
2.6.4 Capacit de production de biocarburants 802.6.5 Production primaire de biocarburants 822.6.6 Part des biocarburants dans la consommation de carburant
des transports 84
2.7 Efficacit nergtique2.7.1 Consommation intrieure brute par habitant 862.7.2 Consommation finale d'lectricit par habitant 88
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2.8 Prix de l'nergie2.8.1 Prix de l'lectricit pour les mnages et l'industrie 902.8.2 Prix du gaz naturel pour les mnages et l'industrie 92
3 Indicateurs des transports3.1 Matriels de transport3.1.1 Taux de motorisation en vhicules particuliers 963.1.2 Vhicules particuliers, par type de carburant 983.1.3 Taux de renouvellement des vhicules particuliers 100
3.1.4 Taux de motorisation en camions et tracteurs routiers 1023.1.5 Taux de renouvellement des camions et tracteurs routiers 1043.1.6 Flotte arienne, par pays oprateur 1063.2 Transport de marchandises3.2.1 Indice de volume du transport intrieur de marchandises
par rapport au PIB 1083.2.2 Rpartition modale du transport intrieur de marchandises 1103.2.3 Transport de marchandises par rail 1123.2.4 Transport de marchandises par route 114
3.2.5 Transport de marchandises par voies navigables intrieures 1163.2.6 Transport de marchandises par voie maritime 1183.2.7 Transport de marchandises par voie arienne 1203.2.8 Transport de marchandises par oloducs 1223.3 Transport de passagers3.3.1 Transport de passagers par rail 1243.3.2 Transport de passagers en vhicules particuliers 1263.3.3 Transport de passagers par autobus et autocars 128
3.3.4 Transport arien de passagers 1303.3.5 Transport maritime de passagers 1323.4 Scurit des transports3.4.1 Nombre de personnes tues dans des accidents de la route 1343.5 Infrastructures de transport3.5.1 Rseau autoroutier3.5.2 Rseau ferroviaire 1363.6 missions lies aux transports
3.6.1 missions de gaz effet de serre dues au transport, par modede transport 140
4 Indicateurs de l'environnement4.1 missions de gaz effet de serre4.1.1 missions de gaz effet de serre et objectifs de rduction adopts 1444.1.2 missions de gaz effet de serre, ventiles par secteur d'inventaire 1464.1.3 Intensit en carbone (CO2) de la consommation nergtique 1484.1.4 missions de CO
2par activit conomique, par pays 150
4.1.5 Productivit carbone (CO2) de lconomie de lUE par sectionde la NACE 152
4.1.6 missions de CO2intrieures et mondiales induites par lUE-27 optiques de la production et de la consommation 154
4.2. Comptes des flux de matires4.2.1 Consommation intrieure de matires, par matire 1564.2.2 Importations et exportations totales de matires dans lUE-27 1584.2.3 Importations et exportations totales, par stade de transformation 160
4.2.4 Apport intrieur de matires et consommation intrieurede matires, par habitant 1624.2.5 Apport de matires premires et consommation de matires
premires, par habitant 164
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Table des matires
4.3 Dchets4.3.1 Production totale de dchets (dangereux, non dangereux) 166
4.3.2 Production de dchets, par activit conomique 1684.3.3 Gestion des dchets 1704.3.4 Dchets ( lexclusion des principaux dchets minraux) 1724.3.5 Production de dchets municipaux, par habitant 1764.3.6 Production dnergie partir de lincinration des dchets
174municipaux 1784.3.7 missions de gaz effet de serre provenant du traitement
des dchets 1804.3.8 Taux de valorisation et de recyclage des dchets demballage 182
4.3.9 Taux de valorisation et de recyclage des vhicules hors dusage 1844.3.10 Dchets dquipements lectriques et lectroniques4.3.11 Transfert de dchets dchets dangereux 1864.4 Produits chimiques4.4.1 Production de substances chimiques nocives pour lenvironnement 1884.5 Sylviculture et biodiversit4.5.1 Commerce de bois rond, de bois de chauffage et de granuls 1904.5.2 Importations des principaux produits du bois par essence 192
4.5.3 Production et consommation apparente de bois duvre par essence 1944.5.4 Importations de bois tropicaux (relevant du chapitre 44 du systmeharmonis) dans lUE 196
4.5.5 Indicateurs conomiques de la sylviculture et de lexploitationforestire en prix de base courants 198
4.5.6 Emploi dans la sylviculture et lexploitation forestire 2004.5.7 Indicateurs europens des espces doiseaux communs 2024.5.8 Indicateurs nationaux et europens des espces doiseaux
des milieux agricoles 204
4.6 Eau4.6.1 Prlvements totaux deau douce 2064.6.2 Prlvements totaux d'eau douce, par habitant et par source 2084.6.3 Utilisation d'eau d'approvisionnement public et d'auto-
approvisionnement par le secteur domestique (mnageset services), par habitant 210
4.6.4 Utilisation d'eau (auto approvisionnement) pourla production d'nergie (eau de refroidissement uniquement) 212
4.6.5 Population raccorde des systmes de traitement au moins
secondaire des eaux rsiduaires 2144.7 cotaxes4.7.1 Revenu des cotaxes par type, en % du PIB 2164.7.2 Revenu des cotaxes par type, en % du total des impts
et cotisations sociales 2184.7.3 Taxes sur lnergie, par activit conomique 2204.7.4 Taxes sur les transports, par activit conomique 2224.7.5 Taux d'imposition implicite de l'nergie 224
4.8 Dpenses de protection de l'environnement4.8.1 Dpenses de protection de lenvironnement dans lUnion europenne 2264.8.2 Dpenses de protection de l'environnement, par domaine
environnemental 2284.8.3 Dpenses de protection de lenvironnement, par secteur 2304.8.4 Investissements et dpenses courantes pour la protection de
lenvironnement, par secteur 2324.8.5 Dpenses de protection de lenvironnement, par sous-secteur
industriel 234
Annex A: Glossaire des termes utilises dans la section nergie 236Annex B: Section Transport termes et mthodologie 239Annex C: Glossaire des termes utilises dans la section environnement 240Annex D:Valeurs calorifiques et facteurs de conversion 246
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Inhaltsverzeichnis
Einfhrung 31 Allgemeine Daten
1.1 Eckdaten1.1.1 Flche und Bevlkerung weltweit 221.1.2 BIP, BIP-Anteil am globalen BIP, BIP pro Kopf in KKP weltweit 241.1.3 Weltweiter Warenverkehr 26
2 Energieindikatoren2.1 Energieabhngigkeit2.1.1 Energieabhngigkeit alle Erzeugnisse 302.1.2 Energieabhngigkeit Steinkohle und Nebenprodukte 322.1.3 Energieabhngigkeit l 342.1.4 Energieabhngigkeit Erdgas 36
2.2 Energieintensitt2.2.1 Energieintensitt 38
2.3 Energieversorgung2.3.1 Primrenergieerzeugung nach Brennstoff 402.3.2 Bruttoinlandsverbrauch nach Brennstoff 422.3.3 Einfuhren von Energieprodukten nach Ursprungsland 442.3.4 Nettoeinfuhren von Festbrennstoffen und l 462.3.5 Nettoeinfuhren von Erdgas 482.3.6 Nettoeinfuhren von Strom 50
2.4 Endenergieverbrauch
2.4.1 Endenergieverbrauch nach Sektor 522.4.2 Endenergieverbrauch nach Industriesektor 542.4.3 Endenergieverbrauch der Industrie nach Brennstoff 562.4.4 Endenergieverbrauch nach Verkehrszweig 582.4.5 Endenergieverbrauch des Verkehrs nach Brennstoff 602.4.6 Endenergieverbrauch von privaten Haushalten nach Brennstoff 62
2.5 Energieindustrie2.5.1 Installierte Leistung von Stromerzeugungsanlagen
nach Anlageart 642.5.2 Erzeugung von Kraftwerken nach Anlageart 662.5.3 Thermischer Wirkungsgrad von Kraftwerken 682.5.4 Kraft-Wrme-Kopplung 702.5.5 Anteil des grten Erzeugers am Strommarkt 72
2.6 Erneuerbare Energiequellen2.6.1 Anteil erneuerbarer Energie am Bruttoendenergieverbrauch 742.6.2 Installierte Leistung fr Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren
Energiequellen 762.6.3 Strom aus erneuerbaren Energiequellen
Gesamtstromverbrauch 782.6.4 Kapazitt der Biokraftstofferzeugung 802.6.5 Primrerzeugung von Biokraftstoffen 822.6.6 Anteil von Biokraftstoffen am Kraftstoffbrauch im Verkehr 84
2.7 Energieeffizienz2.7.1 Bruttoinlandsverbrauch pro Kopf 86
2.7.2 Stromendverbrauch pro Kopf 882.8 Energiepreise2.8.1 Strompreise fr Haushalte und Industrie 902.8.2 Erdgaspreise fr Haushalte und Industrie 92
Inhaltsverzeichnis
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Inhaltsverzeichnis
3 Verkehrsindikatoren
3.1 Fahrzeuge3.1.1 Motorisierungsgrad bei Personenkraftfahrzeugen 963.1.2 Personenkraftfahrzeuge nach Kraftstoffart 983.1.3 Erneuerungsrate bei Personenkraftfahrzeugen 1003.1.4 Motorisierungsgrad bei Lastkraftwagen und Straenzugmaschinen 1023.1.5 Erneuerungsrate bei Lastkraftwagen und Straenzugmaschinen 1043.1.6 Flugzeugflotte nach Betreiberland 106
3.2 Gterverkehr3.2.1 Index des innerstaatlichen Gterverkehrsvolumens im
Verhltnis zum BIP 1083.2.2 Aufteilung des innerstaatlichen Gterverkehrs auf die
Verkehrszweige 1103.2.3 Schienengterverkehr 1123.2.4 Straengterverkehr 1143.2.5 Gterverkehr der Binnenschifffahrt 1163.2.6 Seegterverkehr 1183.2.7 Gterluftverkehr 1203.2.8 Gterverkehr mittels Erdlfernleitungen 122
3.3 Personenverkehr3.3.1 Schienenpersonenverkehr 1243.3.2 Personenverkehr mit Personenkraftfahrzeugen 1263.3.3 Personenverkehr mit Linien- und Reisebussen 1283.3.4 Personenluftverkehr 130
3.3.5 Personenseeverkehr 1323.4 Verkehrssicherheit3.4.1 Straenverkehrstote 134
3.5 Verkehrsinfrastruktur3.5.1 Autobahnnetz 1363.5.2 Eisenbahnnetz 138
3.6 Verkehrsbedingte Emissionen3.6.1 Verkehrsbedingte Treibhausgasemissionen nach Verkehrstrger 1404 Umweltindikatoren
4.1 Treibhausgasemissionen4.1.1 Treibhausgasemissionen und vereinbarte Reduzierungsziele 1444.1.2 Treibhausgasemissionen, Untergliederung nach Inventarbereich 1464.1.3 CO2-Intensitt des Energieverbrauchs 148
4.1.4 CO2-Emissionen nach Wirtschaftszweig und nach Land 1504.1.5 CO2-Produktivitt der EU-Wirtschaft nach NACE-Abschnitt 1524.1.6 CO2-Emissionen der EU-27 EU und weltweit aus der 154 Produktions- und Verbrauchsperspektive
4.2. Materialflussrechnungen4.2.1 Inlandsmaterialverbrauch nach Material 1564.2.2 Gesamtein- und ausfuhren von Material der EU-28 1584.2.3 Gesamtein- und ausfuhren nach Verarbeitungsgrad 160
4.2.4 Inlandsmaterialeinsatz und Inlandsmaterialverbrauch pro Kopf 1624.2.5 Rohstoffinput und Rohstoffverbrauch pro Kopf 164
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4.3 Abfall4.3.1 Abfallaufkommen insgesamt (gefhrlich/nicht gefhrlich) 166
4.3.2 Abfallaufkommen nach Wirtschaftszweig 1684.3.3 Abfallbehandlung 1704.3.4 Abfall (ohne wichtige mineralische Abflle) 1724.3.5 Siedlungsabflle in kg je Einwohner 1744.3.6 Energieerzeugung aus der Verbrennung von Siedlungsabfllen 1764.3.7 Treibhausgasemissionen aus der Abfallbehandlung 1784.3.8 Recycling- und Wiederverwertungsrate bei Verpackungsabfllen 1804.3.9 Recycling- und Wiederverwertungsrate bei Altfahrzeugen 1824.3.10 Elektro- und Elektronik-Altgerte 184
4.3.11 Verbringung gefhrlicher Abflle 1864.4 Chemikalien4.4.1 Herstellung umweltschdlicher Chemikalien 188
4.5 Forstwirtschaft und Artenvielfalt4.5.1 Handel mit Rundholz, Brennholz und Pellets 1904.5.2 Einfuhren wichtiger Holzerzeugnisse nach Art 1924.5.3 Produktion und sichtbarer Verbrauch industriellen
Rundholzes nach Art 1944.5.4 In Kapitel 44 des Harmonisierten Systems gefhrte tropischeHlzer Einfuhren in die EU 196
4.5.5 Wirtschaftsindikatoren fr Forstwirtschaft und Holzgewinnungzu jeweiligen Herstellungspreisen 198
4.5.6 Beschftigung in Forstwirtschaft und Holzgewinnung 2004.5.7 Indikatoren weit verbreiteter Vogelarten in der EU 2024.5.8 Nationale und EU-weite Feldvogelindikatoren 204
4.6 Wasser4.6.1 Swasserentnahme insgesamt 2064.6.2 Swasserentnahme pro Kopf nach Quelle 2084.6.3 Verwendung von Wasser in privaten Haushalten (Haushalte
und Dienstleistungsbetriebe) pro Kopf 2104.6.4 Nutzung von Wasser aus Eigenversorgung zur
Energieerzeugung (nur Khlwasser) 2124.6.5 Bevlkerung mit Anschluss an eine Abwasserentsorgung mit
zumindest einer Zweitbehandlungsstufe 2144.7 Umweltsteuern4.7.1 Umweltsteuereinnahmen nach Typ in % des BIP 2164.7.2 Umweltsteuereinnahmen nach Typ in % der Steuern
und Sozialabgaben 2184.7.3 Energiesteuern nach Wirtschaftszweig 2204.7.4 Verkehrssteuern nach Wirtschaftszweig 2224.7.5 Implizierter Energiesteuersatz 224
4.8 Umweltschutzausgaben4.8.1 Umweltschutzausgaben in der Europischen Union 2264.8.2 Umweltschutzausgaben nach Umweltbereich 2284.8.3 Umweltschutzausgaben nach Bereich 2304.8.4 Umweltschutzinvestitionen und laufende Ausgaben nach Bereich 2324.8.5 Umweltschutzausgaben nach Bereich der Industrie 234
Anhang A: Glossar der in den Energiekapiteln verwendeten Begriffe 236Anhang B:Verkehr: Begriffe und Methodik 239Anhang C: Glossar der in den Umweltkapiteln verwendeten Begriffe 240Anhang D: Heizwerte und Umrechnungsfaktoren 246
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Symbols and abbreviations
Symbols and abbreviations
SymbolsEurostat online databases contain a large amount of metadata that provides informationon the status of particular values or data series. In order to improve readability, only themost significant information has been included in the tables and figures. The followingsymbols are used, where necessary:
: No data available0 Figure less than half of the unit used Not applicable or real zero or zero by default% Percentage1234 Estimates are printed in italicc ConfidentialN/A Not available
Breaks in series are indicated in the footnotes provided under each table and figure.
Units of measurementECU European currency unit, data up to 31.12.1998EUR Euro, data from 1.1.1999 on
GJ Giga JouleGW Giga WattGWh Gigawatt hourha Hectarekg Kilogramkgoe Kilograms of oil equivalentkm Kilometrekm2 Square kilometrektoe Thousand tonnes of oil equivalentkWh Kilo Watt hourm3 Cubic metremio illion (106)Mt Million tonnesMtoe illion tonnes of oil equivalentMW Mega Watt
PJ Peta Joulepkm Passenger-kilometretkm Tonne-kilometret Tonnetoe Tonne of oil equivalentTWh Terawatt hourUSD United States dollar
vkm Vehicle-kilometre
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Symbols and abbreviations
Abbreviations
AWU Annual work unitsCARE Community Road Accident DatabaseCH4 MethaneCHP Combined heat and powerCMR Carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxicCO2 Carbon dioxideDEU Domestic Extraction Used
DMC Domestic Material ConsumptionDMI Direct Material InputEBCC European Bird Census CouncilECE United Nations Economic Commission for EuropeEEA European Environment AgencyEPE Environmental protection expenditureFAWS Forests available for wood supplyFEC Final Energy Consumption
FLEGT Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and TradeGDP Gross Domestic ProductGHG Greenhouse gasesGIC Gross Inland ConsumptionGNI Gross National IncomeGVA Gross Value AddedGWP Global warming potential
IEA International Energy AgencyIPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeIT Information technologyITF International Transport ForumNACE Statistical Classification of economic activities in the European CommunityN2O Nitrous oxideOECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentOJ Official Journal of the European UnionOPEC Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting CountriesOWL Other wooded landPPP Purchasing Power ParityRES Renewable Energy SourcesRMC Raw Material ConsumptionRME Raw Material EquivalentsRMI Raw Material Input
RSPB The Royal Society for the Protection of BirdsUIC Union International des Chemins de ferUN United NationsUNECE United Nations Economic Commission for EuropeUNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeVPA Voluntary Partnership AgreementsWEEE Waste electrical and electronic equipment
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Abbreviations of countries
Abbreviations of countriesEU-28 The 28 Member States of the European Union from 1 July 2013
(BE, BG, CZ, DK, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, HR, IT, CY, LV, LT,LU, HU, MT, NL, AT, PL, PT, RO, SI, SK, FI, SE, UK)
EU-27 The 27 Member States of the European Union from 1 January2007 (BE, BG, CZ, DK, DE, EE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, CY, LV, LT,LU, HU, MT, NL, AT, PL, PT, RO, SI, SK, FI, SE, UK)
EU-15 The 15 Member States of the European Union from 1 January
1995 to 30 April 2004 (BE, DK, DE, IE, EL, ES, FR, IT, LU, NL,AT, PT, FI, SE, UK)
EFTA European Free Trade Association
BE BelgiumBG BulgariaCZ Czech RepublicDK DenmarkDE Germany
EE EstoniaIE IrelandEL GreeceES SpainFR FranceHR CroatiaIT ItalyCY Cyprus
LV LatviaLT LithuaniaLU LuxembourgHU HungaryMT MaltaNL NetherlandsAT AustriaPL PolandPT Portugal
RO RomaniaSI SloveniaSK SlovakiaFI FinlandSE SwedenUK United Kingdom
IS(4) IcelandLI LiechtensteinNO NorwayCH Switzerland
ME MontenegroMK(5) The former Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaRS SerbiaTR Turkey
(4)Also a candidate country.
(5)Provisional code which does not prejudge in any way the definitive nomenclature forthis country, which will be agreed following the conclusion of negotiations currentlytaking place on this subject at the United Nations.
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Abbreviations of countries
Other country codes
CN ChinaJP JapanRU RussiaUS United States
Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and TradeVoluntary Partnership Agreement country codesCM CameroonCF Central African RepublicCG CongoCD Democratic Republic of the CongoGA GabonCI Cte d'IvoireGH GhanaLR LiberiaHN HondurasGY GuyanaID IndonesiaMY MalaysiaTH ThailandVN Vietnam
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General Data
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Table 1.1.1: Area and population worldwide, 2011
Land area Population Population density
(1 000 km2) (thousand) (inhabitants/km2)
EU-28 4 381 506 781 116
CN 9 597 1 344 100 140
JP 378 127 817 338
RU 17 098 142 961 8
US 9 629 311 592 32World 136 127 6 974 036 51
Source: Population: United Nations Demographic Yearbook; EU-28: Eurostat (online
data code: demo_pjan),Land area: United Nations Demographic Yearbook.
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Figure 1.1.1:Population index worldwide (1995 = 100)
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
US
90
WorldEU-28
RUJP
CN
Source: EU-28: Eurostat (online data code: demo_pjan);United Nations Demographic
Yearbook and World Population Prospects The 2012 Revision United Nations
Population Division
The worlds population reached 6 974 million inhabitants in 2011.China was the most populous country with 1 344 million inhabitants,accounting for 19 % of the worlds population. The population of the
EU-28 broke through the threshold of 500 million in 2008 and reached507 million inhabitants in 2011, followed by the United States (312million), Russia (143 million) and Japan (128 million). The trend inworld population growth has been unbroken since 1995. The overallincrease between 1995 and 2011 was 21 %. Over this period, the fastestpopulation growth was recorded in the United States (16 %), followedby China (9 %), the EU-28 (5 %) and Japan (3 %). In contrast, Russiarecorded a 4 % decrease between 1995 and 2011.
Population density is the ratio of the population of the territory to thesurface (land) area of the territory. In 2011, world population densitywas estimated at 51 inhabitants/km2. The most densely populatedcountry was Japan (338 inhabitants/km2), followed by China (140)and the EU-28 (116). The United States and Russia presented densitiesbelow the world average (32 and 8 inhabitants/km2respectively).
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Table 1.1.2: GDP, GDP share in the world, GDP per head in PPP
worldwide, 2012
GDP at current prices Share of world GDP GNI per capita in PPP
(million USD) (%) (world = 100)
EU-28 16 633 942 23.2 272.8
CN 8 227 103 11.5 76.2
JP 5 959 718 8.3 300.7
RU 2 014 775 2.8 188.4US 15 684 800 21.9 419.0
World 71 666 350 100.0 100.0
Source:The World Bank
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Figure 1.1.2:GDP (1995 = 100)
In 2012, worlds Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was valued at USD71 666 billion. The EU-28 accounted for USD 16 634 billion, a 23.2 %share of the worlds GDP; while the United States accounted fora 21.9 % share. The share of China in the worlds GDP was 11.5 %,Japans 8.3 % and Russias 2.8 %. Compared to 1995, all majoreconomies increased their GDPs in 2012. Over this period, Chinapresented an 11-fold increase and Russia a fivefold increase.
Gross national income (GNI) is the sum of gross primary incomesreceivable by resident institutional units/sectors. Therefore, it is GDPless primary income payable to non-residents plus primary incomereceivable from non-residents. With the use of GNI per capita inpurchasing power parity (PPP) the relative position of individual
countries can be expressed through a comparison with the worldvalue (100). The highest value among the major world economies wasrecorded for the United States (419.0 compared to world average),followed by Japan (300.7), EU-28 (272.8) and Russia (188.4); while forChina it was 76.2.
1 140
1 040
840
940
640
740
440
540
340
240
140
1995 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 20121997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 201140
EU-28 CN
World
JP
RU
USSource:The World Bank
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Figure 1.1.3:Net exports, 2012 (billion EUR)
700 600 500 0 100 200 400 300 100 200
(1) Data for EU-28 not available.(2) Except Hong Kong.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: ext_lt_introle)
EU-27(1)
CN(2)
JP
RU
US
In 2012, the EU-27 presented the highest absolute values of exports(EUR 1 686 billion), followed by China (EUR 1 595 billion); whilethe United States presented the highest value of imports (EUR 1 816billion). As far as net exports (exports minus imports) are concerned,in 2012 the net exporting countries were China (except Hong Kong)(EUR 179 billion) and Russia (EUR 162 billion), while the UnitedStates, the EU-27 and Japan were net importers with EUR 614 billion,
105 billion and 68 billion respectively.
For the period between 2001 and 2012, all countries presentedincreased exports and imports. The highest increases in exports wererecorded in China (fivefold) and Russia (fourfold); while in imports thehighest increase was recorded in Russia, followed by China (fivefold).
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Energy indicators
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Table 2.1.1: Energy dependency all products (%)
2001 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EU-28 47.4 53.0 54.6 53.8 52.6 53.8
BE 80.6 77.1 79.9 74.3 76.8 72.9
BG 46.3 51.3 52.1 45.3 40.1 36.6
CZ 25.3 25.0 27.9 27.1 25.6 27.9
DK 28.4 24.7 21.7 20.4 16.9 8.5
DE 61.0 58.1 60.5 61.5 59.8 61.1
EE 32.1 23.8 24.0 21.4 13.1 11.7
IE 89.5 87.5 89.7 88.2 85.6 88.9
EL 68.9 71.2 73.3 67.8 69.1 65.3
ES 74.7 79.6 81.3 79.2 76.8 76.4
FR 50.7 50.5 50.9 51.0 49.1 48.9
HR 52.0 56.5 59.9 51.1 52.2 54.4IT 83.3 85.1 85.3 82.8 83.8 81.3
CY 96.1 95.9 97.5 96.3 100.7 92.4
LV 58.9 61.5 57.9 58.8 41.6 59.0
LT 46.9 61.3 58.1 50.3 82.0 81.8
LU 97.4 96.5 97.4 97.4 97.0 97.2
HU 53.6 61.3 63.4 58.7 58.3 52.0
MT 99.8 100.0 100.0 101.1 99.1 100.6
NL 34.3 38.9 34.4 36.5 30.7 30.4
AT 65.0 68.9 68.9 65.0 62.1 69.3
PL 10.4 25.6 30.6 31.7 31.6 33.7
PT 84.9 82.0 82.8 81.0 75.4 77.4
RO 26.3 31.5 27.7 20.2 21.7 21.3
SI 50.2 52.5 55.1 48.1 49.4 48.4
SK 62.2 68.4 64.6 66.4 63.0 64.2
FI 55.1 53.0 54.2 54.0 48.3 53.8
SE 36.9 36.3 37.9 37.1 36.7 36.8
UK 9.4 20.5 26.2 26.2 28.1 36.0
IS 33.4 : : : : :
NO 718.8 654.4 612.2 638.7 519.9 584.9
CH 54.6 52.3 54.9 55.4 54.2 :
MK 38.6 48.0 46.2 44.8 43.9 45.5
TR 65.1 74.4 72.2 70.4 69.3 71.1
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nrg_100a)
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Table 2.1.1a: Energy dependency all products (%)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EU-28 47.4 47.6 49.0 50.3 52.5 53.7 53.0 54.6 53.8 52.6 53.8
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nrg_100a)
The quantities of fuels delivered to sea-going ships of all flags, includingwarships, are included. Negative dependency rate indicates a net exportercountry. Values over 100% are possible due to changes in stocks.
EU-28 dependency on energy imports increased from 47.4 % of grossenergy dependency in 2001 to 53.8 % in 2011. In the last decade, theenergy dependency rate grew continuously between 2001 and 2006 andit has fluctuated since. The highest rate was recorded in 2008 (54.6 %).
As a net exporter, Denmark was the only EU-28 Member State witha negative dependency rate in 2011 ( 8.5 %). Among other MemberStates, in 2011 dependency rates below 30 % were reported by Estonia(11.7 %), Romania (21.3 %) and the Czech Republic (27.9 %). Between2001 and 2011, the dependency rate in Estonia fell from 32.1 % to11.7 %. On the contrary, the United Kingdom became a net importer
with a 36.0 % dependency rate in 2011 compared to 9.4 % in 2001;while in Lithuania the rate grew from 46.9 % in 2001 to 81.8 % in 2011.
20 40 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nrg_100a)
EU-28MTLUCYIELTIT
PTES
BEATELSKDELV
HRFI
HUFR
SISEBGUKPLNLCZROEE
DK
Figure 2.1.1: Energy dependency all products, 2011 (%)
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Table 2.1.2: Energy dependency hard coal and derivatives (%)
2001 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EU-28 48.3 58.9 64.8 62.3 58.6 62.3
BE 106.9 96.0 106.8 81.6 98.2 101.3
BG 97.2 99.2 113.8 94.0 88.3 102.7
CZ 51.6 40.8 40.7 69.7 50.1 40.6
DK 96.6 100.3 108.5 98.0 69.4 111.0
DE 53.4 67.4 71.7 74.1 79.0 81.8
EE 67.2 152.3 100.3 4.0 132.6 91.0
IE 100.4 90.7 112.4 111.7 79.3 111.1
EL 107.0 83.0 126.5 78.7 100.5 102.1
ES 64.0 71.4 79.2 85.5 86.0 70.2
FR 89.2 92.3 109.9 91.7 101.0 99.0
HR 92.2 101.9 112.7 89.3 102.5 98.3IT 101.1 99.3 101.8 97.4 100.9 96.1
CY 111.3 67.3 102.5 123.8 65.4 0.0
LV 71.0 92.1 99.9 94.1 106.5 102.1
LT 91.3 93.9 114.0 83.0 95.5 110.8
LU 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
HU 99.4 101.4 103.2 93.5 97.7 94.7
MT
NL 100.6 104.1 105.9 124.5 121.6 101.0
AT 99.1 104.8 103.3 95.5 99.6 88.0
PL 37.6 19.7 8.7 6.9 6.5 1.5
PT 92.9 100.5 91.2 106.7 98.3 97.3
RO 95.0 97.4 99.5 90.1 104.7 92.2
SI 93.3 96.5 124.9 86.3 100.2 92.9
SK 101.4 110.7 101.2 99.1 89.5 99.0
FI 101.0 95.2 112.5 108.2 86.3 125.1
SE 95.8 98.3 104.5 77.0 113.7 103.7
UK 55.9 69.5 74.9 77.7 51.2 64.1
IS 100.0 : : : : :
NO 13.3 192.9 175.2 202.1 50.2 26.3
CH 87.6 120.6 94.6 113.0 80.5 :
MK 103.4 99.7 114.1 72.7 125.3 92.4
RS 79.0 100.7 105.6 91.7 99.1 98.9
TR 78.8 91.4 88.7 91.3 82.9 88.8
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nrg_101a)
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60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nrg_101a)
PL
CZ
EU-28
FI
IE
DK
LT
SE
BG
EL
LV
BE
NL
LU
SK
FR
HR
PT
IT
HU
SIRO
EE
AT
DE
ES
UK
CY
Energy
Figure 2.1.2: Energy dependency hard coal and derivatives, 2011 (%)
Table 2.1.2a: Energy dependency hard coal and derivatives (%)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EU-28 48.3 48.1 50.2 54.7 56.4 58.4 58.9 64.8 62.3 58.6 62.3
Source: Eurostat (online data code:nrg_101a)
Negative dependency rate indicates a net exporter country. Values over100% are possible due to changes in stocks.
In 2001, EU-28 dependency on hard coal and derivatives was 48.3 %.Since 2003, the EU-28s net imports of hard coal and derivatives havebeen greater than its primary production. In 2011, it reached 62.3 %,
an increase of 14 percentage points compared to 2001.The only net exporters among EU Member States were the CzechRepublic and Poland. In 2011, their dependency rates were 40.6 %and 1.5 % respectively; in contrast, the majority of Member Stateswere almost entirely dependent on primary hard coal imports. Incomparison to 2001, Poland recorded a significant decrease in itsexports (from 37.6 % to 1.5 %); while increases were recorded inthe dependency rates of Latvia (from 71 % in 2001 to 102.1 % in 2011)and Germany (from 53.4 % to 81.8 %).
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Table 2.1.3: Energy dependency oil (%)
2001 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EU-28 77.2 82.4 84.1 83.2 84.1 84.9
BE 100.8 97.4 98.8 95.4 98.0 98.7
BG 97.9 100.0 98.7 101.3 100.8 97.7
CZ 97.5 96.2 97.5 96.6 96.3 95.0
DK 69.1 66.4 49.6 60.4 45.7 48.7
DE 96.6 94.0 95.2 95.2 95.8 94.2
EE 72.9 73.0 64.1 64.7 56.3 55.6
IE 101.7 97.0 99.7 99.2 97.5 101.7
EL 98.5 100.9 101.2 96.7 98.5 94.5
ES 99.3 99.7 100.4 98.9 99.9 99.8
FR 97.8 97.8 97.6 97.6 97.7 98.0
HR 67.7 81.1 84.0 77.8 80.5 79.9IT 92.9 92.0 91.3 91.2 92.7 90.2
CY 97.5 98.6 100.1 98.9 104.2 95.8
LV 101.3 98.1 99.0 99.4 93.6 103.2
LT 75.0 94.4 92.5 90.1 98.7 91.6
LU 98.8 98.8 100.2 100.1 99.4 99.6
HU 71.6 82.3 80.7 77.6 84.2 82.3
MT 99.8 100.0 100.0 101.1 99.3 100.6
NL 94.8 92.4 97.6 97.1 93.4 91.5
AT 89.2 91.4 92.9 90.4 88.6 90.4
PL 92.5 104.4 96.0 98.3 96.7 95.5
PT 102.8 98.8 102.1 99.0 98.0 99.9
RO 46.0 51.2 51.5 51.1 51.7 46.6
SI 97.9 98.9 101.7 98.3 100.5 99.5
SK 89.4 90.4 90.9 88.0 88.9 90.2
FI 101.1 96.3 98.9 96.5 89.3 97.2
SE 104.2 99.1 102.6 101.8 93.7 98.6
UK 44.1 2.2 9.0 7.6 14.5 26.8
IS 99.7 : : : : :
NO 1 733.5 1 021.7 811.1 852.9 620.9 763.8
CH 98.8 97.4 100.5 100.7 99.9 :
ME : 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
MK 102.7 96.6 97.4 106.5 97.8 97.3
RS 66.0 83.4 86.8 80.4 75.0 72.5
TR 91.9 96.4 93.4 90.9 92.4 91.8
Source: Eurostat (online data code:nrg_102a)
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=view8/10/2019 Eurostat Energy
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70 50 30 10 0 10 30 50 70 90 110
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nrg_102a)
DK
EU-28LVIE
MTPTESLUSI
BE
SEFRBG
FICYPLCZELDELT
NLATIT
SKHUHREE
ROUK
Figure 2.1.3: Energy dependency oil, 2011 (%)
Table 2.1.3a:Energy dependency oil (%)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EU-28 77.2 75.9 78.4 79.8 82.2 83.4 82.4 84.1 83.2 84.1 84.9
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nrg_102a)
Negative dependency rate indicates a net exporter country. Values over100 % are possible due to changes in stocks.
EU-28 dependency on oil imports grew from 77.2 % in 2001 to 84.9 %in 2011. In the last decade, the EU-28 oil dependency rate has remainedhigher compared to the dependency rates of hard coal and natural gas.
Among Member States, the only net exporter was Denmark ( 48.7 %in 2011). The United Kingdom was also a net exporter until 2005,but became an importer since. In 2011, low dependency rates wererecorded in the United Kingdom (26.8 %), Romania (46.6 %)and Estonia (55.6 %). Twenty two Member States presented oildependency rates over 90 % in 2011. Among EFTA countries, Norwayhad significant exports ( 763.8 % in 2011).
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Table 2.1.4: Energy dependency natural gas (%)
2001 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EU-28 47.1 60.0 62.0 63.9 62.1 66.7
BE 99.7 99.8 100.4 99.0 99.0 100.1
BG 99.7 91.5 96.2 98.6 92.6 86.1
CZ 96.3 93.4 98.7 104.6 85.2 110.8
DK 66.0 99.7 121.1 91.9 68.3 66.3
DE 77.0 80.3 84.5 87.9 81.9 86.1
EE 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
IE 81.6 91.4 92.1 92.5 93.4 93.1
EL 99.2 99.1 100.0 99.7 99.9 100.0
ES 96.5 99.1 100.9 98.9 99.4 101.4
FR 93.1 96.5 97.8 100.9 93.0 103.3
HR 29.6 9.2 16.6 8.1 18.1 19.5IT 77.1 87.0 90.3 88.6 90.5 90.2
CY
LV 85.6 96.8 82.2 114.1 61.8 109.4
LT 99.9 102.9 96.3 100.4 99.7 100.3
LU 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9
HU 72.7 79.9 88.1 85.6 78.7 65.6
MT
NL 56.2 63.5 72.7 61.2 61.6 68.6
AT 72.2 81.6 87.5 85.8 74.4 103.2
PL 69.2 66.0 72.6 67.3 69.3 75.1
PT 99.9 98.7 100.1 101.2 100.4 101.6
RO 17.5 29.8 28.4 15.1 16.8 22.2
SI 99.4 99.7 99.7 99.7 99.3 99.8
SK 91.9 97.9 96.3 108.6 99.9 104.8
FI 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
SE 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
UK 9.6 20.3 26.1 31.6 37.7 44.2
IS : : : : :
NO 708.7 1 504.3 1 693.2 1 551.3 1 402.0 1 705.0
CH 100.0 100.0 99.9 99.9 99.8 :
MK 99.9 100.1 100.0 99.9 100.1 100.0
RS 73.7 89.9 89.3 90.4 84.5 73.1
TR 98.8 97.8 100.2 100.1 98.1 96.6
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nrg_103a)
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=view8/10/2019 Eurostat Energy
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Source:Eurostat (online data code:nrg_103a)
75 25 50 0 5025 10075 125
DK
NL
EU-28
CZ
LV
SK
FR
AT
PT
ES
LTBE
EL
SE
FI
EE
LU
SI
IE
IT
DE
BG
PL
HU
UK
RO
HR
Figure 2.1.4: Energy dependency natural gas, 2011 (%)
Table 2.1.4a: Energy dependency natural gas (%)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EU-28 47.1 50.9 52.3 53.8 57.5 60.5 60.0 62.0 63.9 62.1 66.7
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nrg_103a)
Negative dependency rate indicates a net exporter country. Values over100 % are possible due to changes in stocks.
Compared to hard coal and oil, the dependency of EU-28 to naturalgas imports has presented the highest increase in the last decade.Between 2001 and 2011, it has grown from 47.1 % to 66.7 %, i.e. an
increase of 19.6 %.Among Member States, only Denmark and the Netherlands presentedexporting activity. In 2011, their natural gas dependency rates were 66.3 % and 68.6 % respectively. The United Kingdom, a netexporter until 2003, became an importer with a dependency rate thatreached 44.2 % in 2011. In 2011, the lowest dependency rates wererecorded in Croatia (19.5 %) and Romania (22.2 %). From EFTAcountries, Norways natural gas exports reached 1 705.0 % in 2011.
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Table 2.2.1: Energy intensity
(kgoe/1 000 EUR) Index (2001 = 100)
2001 2006 2011 2001 2006 2011
EU-28 171 159 144 100.0 93.0 84.2
BE 208 187 182 100.0 90.3 87.6
BG 1 048 833 712 100.0 79.5 68.0
CZ 480 414 356 100.0 86.3 74.2
DK 104 99 91 100.0 95.1 87.5
DE 161 151 129 100.0 93.8 80.0
EE 616 441 505 100.0 71.6 82.1
IE 112 90 82 100.0 79.8 73.1
EL 176 155 155 100.0 87.9 88.0
ES 158 153 135 100.0 96.6 85.3
FR 165 155 143 100.0 94.1 87.0HR 266 237 232 100.0 88.8 87.0
IT 127 127 121 100.0 100.7 96.0
CY 200 185 173 100.0 92.3 86.6
LV 439 322 324 100.0 73.4 73.9
LT 536 381 302 100.0 71.0 56.4
LU 148 149 136 100.0 100.6 91.8
HU 345 298 282 100.0 86.4 81.8
MT 190 180 202 100.0 94.7 106.3
NL 161 151 146 100.0 93.8 90.9
AT 135 136 126 100.0 100.8 93.4
PL 426 377 318 100.0 88.6 74.6
PT 167 164 153 100.0 98.1 91.5
RO 585 474 392 100.0 81.1 67.1
SI 273 241 230 100.0 88.4 84.5
SK 600 454 349 100.0 75.6 58.2
FI 239 233 212 100.0 97.4 88.7
SE 191 162 148 100.0 84.7 77.2
UK 141 120 104 100.0 85.2 73.5
IS 303 315 : 100.0 103.9 :
NO 122 111 112 100.0 90.6 91.2
CH 95 88 : 100.0 92.5 :
MK 610 578 530 100.0 94.7 86.9
TR 240 225 232 100.0 93.9 96.8
NB: Gross Domestic Product: millions of Euro, chain-linked volumes, reference year
2005 (at 2005 exchange rates).
Source: Eurostat (online data code: nrg_ind_332a)
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=%20nrg_ind_332a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=%20nrg_ind_332a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=%20nrg_ind_332a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=%20nrg_ind_332a&mode=view8/10/2019 Eurostat Energy
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Table 2.2.1a: Energy intensity (kgoe/1 000 EUR)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EU-28 171 168 169 167 164 159 152 151 150 151 144
Table 2.2.1b: Index of energy intensity (2001=100)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EU-28 100.0 98.4 99.2 97.9 96.0 93.0 89.2 88.5 87.6 88.7 84.2
Source: Eurostat (online data code:nrg_ind_332a)
In 2011, energy intensity in the EU-28 reached 144 kgoe/1 000 EUR,a 16 % decrease compared to 2001. In the last decade all MemberStates but Malta decreased their energy intensities. The highestdecreases were observed in Lithuania ( 44 %), Slovakia ( 42 %),Romania ( 33 %) and Bulgaria ( 32 %). In spite of the decrease, inall four countries the amount of energy required to produce a unit ofeconomic output remained among the highest in 2011; particularlyBulgaria remained the most energy intensive economy (712), five
times above EU average. The lowest levels of energy intensity wereobserved in Ireland (82) and Denmark (91). In the last decade, Irelandrecorded a 27 % decrease in its intensity.
Source: Eurostat (online data code:nrg_ind_332a)
EU-28BGEE
ROCZSKLVPLLT
HUHR
SIFI
MTBECYELPTSE
NLFRLUESDEATIT
UKDK
IE
0 200 300 400100 500 800700600
Figure 2.2.1:Energy intensity, 2011 (kgoe/1 000 EUR)
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=%20nrg_ind_332a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=%20nrg_ind_332a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=%20nrg_ind_332a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=%20nrg_ind_332a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=%20nrg_ind_332a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=%20nrg_ind_332a&mode=view8/10/2019 Eurostat Energy
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Table 2.3.1:Primary energy production, by fuel
Total production (ktoe) Share of each fuel to total production, 2011 (%)
2001 2006 2011
EU-28 944 586 882 075 804 976 9 12 11 18 29 20
BE 13 087 13 565 17 648 71 14
BG 10 307 10 987 12 256 0 51 0 3 35 12CZ 31 329 33 519 31 956 22 43 1 0 23 9
DK 27 130 29 545 21 017 54 30 14
DE 134 682 138 480 124 411 7 31 3 9 22 25
EE 3 170 3 746 5 038 81 19
IE 1 775 1 644 1 789 42 16 41
EL 9 982 10 074 9 615 78 1 0 21
ES 33 309 31 178 31 624 8 0 0 47 44
FR 130 724 135 060 134 917 1 0 85 13
HR 3 758 4 146 3 787 19 53 28
IT 26 966 27 754 31 866 0 18 22 56
CY 44 52 96 100
LV 1 523 1 846 2 075 0 100
LT 4 182 3 435 1 290 1 9 90
LU 72 119 116 73
HU 11 285 10 282 10 719 15 9 20 38 17
MT 0 0 1 100
NL 61 450 61 089 64 535 3 89 2 5
AT 9 781 10 137 11 501 0 7 13 73
PL 79 904 77 185 68 083 63 18 1 6 11
PT 4 097 4 365 5 304 97
RO 27 921 28 252 27 783 0 24 16 31 11 18
SI 3 146 3 428 3 748 32 0 43 24
SK 6 467 6 378 6 171 10 0 2 65 22
FI 15 241 18 091 16 998 10 0 35 54
SE 33 345 32 369 32 082 1 49 49
UK 259 910 185 348 128 552 8 41 32 14 5
IS 1 886 2 632 : : : : : : :
NO 228 681 216 582 199 570 0 48 45 6
CH 12 507 12 199 : : : : : : :
ME : 689 791 55 45
MK 1 575 1 617 1 744 81 19
RS 10 173 9 650 10 406 75 10 4 11
TR 24 458 26 386 32 133 6 49 7 2 35
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: nrg_100a,nrg_101a,nrg_102a,nrg_103a,
nrg_104a andnrg_1071a)
Figures do not sum to 100 % due to other fuels.
Lignite
Hardcoal
Oil
Gas
Nuclear
RES
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_101a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_104a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_104a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_101a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=view8/10/2019 Eurostat Energy
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Source: Eurostat (online data codes: nrg_100a,nrg_101a,nrg_102a,nrg_103a,nrg_104a
andnrg_1071a)
300
250
200
100
150
50
2001 2003 2004 2005 2007 20110
RESNuclearLigniteGas
Hard coalOil
Figure 2.3.1: Primary energy production, by fuel, EU-28 (Mtoe)
Table 2.3.1a: Primary energy production, by fuel, EU-28 (Mtoe)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Change
(%)Total 945 943 935 932 901 882 861 854 818 835 805 15
Oil 162 167 157 146 134 122 121 113 106 98 85 48
Gas 210 206 202 205 191 182 170 170 155 158 142 32
Nuclear 253 256 257 260 258 255 241 242 231 237 234 7
Hard coal 114 111 108 103 99 94 89 83 74 73 72 37
Lignite 97 99 99 98 96 97 96 94 91 90 95 2
RES 100 98 105 113 117 124 135 143 150 168 163 63
Source: Eurostat (online data codes:nrg_100a,nrg_101a,nrg_102a,nrg_103a,nrg_104a andnrg_1071a)
Total primary energy production in the EU-28 has declinedcontinuously between 2001 and 2009 ( 13 %). From 2009 to 2010,it grew by 2 %, followed by a 4 % drop from 2010 to 2011. In the lastdecade, RES production grew by 63 %, while reductions were recordedin the production of all other fuels. The reduction in oil production
reached 48 %, followed by gas ( 32 %), solid fuels ( 21 %) andnuclear ( 7 %). In 2011, EU-28 primary energy production amountedto 805 Mtoe; 29 % of this amount was produced by nuclear energy,followed by solid fuels (21 %), renewables (20 %), gas (18 %) and oil(11 %). In 2001, the production mix in the EU-28 was significantlydifferent. The main source of primary energy production was stillnuclear energy (27 %), followed by solid fuels (22 %), gas (22 %) andoil (17 %), while renewables only made up 11 % of the total.
Among Member States, from 2001 to 2011, significant decreases wererecorded in the energy production of Lithuania ( 69 %) and theUnited Kingdom ( 51 %).
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_101a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_101a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_104a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_104a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_104a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_101a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_101a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_101a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_104a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_104a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_104a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_101a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_101a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=view8/10/2019 Eurostat Energy
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Table 2.3.2:Gross inland consumption, by fuel
Total consumption (ktoe) Share of each fuel to total production, 2011 (%)
2001 2006 2011
EU-28 1 771 673 1 834 706 1 706 200 11 6 35 23 14 10
58 647 58 353 59 687 5 0 39 25 21 5
BU 19 449 20 645 19 278 10 32 20 14 22 7CZ 42 341 46 322 43 318 13 30 21 16 17 7
DK 20 346 21 142 18 993 17 0 39 20 21
DE 353 333 348 905 316 310 12 12 35 21 9 10
EE 5 178 5 426 6 163 0 65 17 8 13
IE 15 095 15 394 13 852 9 6 49 30 6
EL 29 103 31 566 27 920 1 27 48 14 8
ES 127 041 144 621 128 536 10 45 23 12 11FR 266 401 273 042 259 325 4 0 32 14 44 7
HR 7 995 8 943 8 540 8 0 43 30 10
IT 176 257 186 917 172 940 9 0 39 37 12
CY 2 418 2 616 2 672 0 0 95 5
LV 4 100 4 624 4 243 3 0 29 30 34
LT 8 245 8 608 7 067 3 1 35 38 15
LU 3 856 4 734 4 586 1 0 64 23 3HU 25 901 27 485 25 234 4 7 26 37 16 7
MT 879 910 1 127 100 0
NL 78 944 80 205 81 312 9 0 41 42 1 4
AT 30 672 34 546 33 951 10 0 37 23 26
PL 90 476 97 896 102 175 41 12 26 13 8
PT 25 255 25 692 23 900 9 49 19 22
RO 37 342 40 811 36 349 3 19 25 31 8 14SI 6 747 7 330 7 267 3 17 36 10 22 13
SK 18 814 18 925 17 424 16 5 21 27 23 8
FI 33 786 38 245 35 745 10 6 29 9 17 25
SE 50 618 50 454 49 511 4 1 30 2 32 32
UK 232 435 230 349 198 777 15 36 35 9 4
IS 2 789 3 711 : : : : : : :
NO 27 381 27 755 28 701 3 37 17 42CH 27 938 28 246 : : : : : : :
ME : 1 131 1 188 36 25 28
MK 2 594 2 920 3 128 5 43 31 4 10
RS 13 749 16 253 15 371 4 53 24 12 7
TR 70 979 94 417 115 728 15 14 29 32 10
Source: Eurostat (online data codes:nrg_100a,nrg_101a,nrg_102a,nrg_103a,
nrg_104a andnrg_1071a)
Lignite
Hardcoal
Oil
Gas
Nuclear
RES
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_101a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_101a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_104a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_104a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_104a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_101a&mode=view8/10/2019 Eurostat Energy
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Source: Eurostat(online data codes:nrg_100a,nrg_101a,nrg_102a,nrg_103a,nrg_104a
andnrg_1071a)
2001
OilHard coal
NuclearLignite
2003 2005 2007 2009 20110
GasRES
700
600
500
300
400
200
100
Figure 2.3.2: Gross inland consumption, by fuel, EU-28 (Mtoe)
Table 2.3.2a: Gross inland consumption, by fuel, EU-28 (Mtoe)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Change
(%)Total 1 772 1 766 1 808 1 829 1 834 1 835 1 818 1 810 1 711 1 768 1 706 4
Oil 681 676 680 683 685 680 666 663 626 621 602 12
Gas 406 408 428 438 448 441 436 443 419 445 400 2
Nuclear 253 256 257 260 258 255 241 242 231 237 234 7
Hard coal 225 222 230 229 222 230 232 212 178 190 191 15
Lignite 98 98 101 99 96 96 97 94 90 90 95 3
RES 101 98 105 112 117 124 135 144 154 173 170 69
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: nrg_100a,nrg_101a,nrg_102a,nrg_103a,nrg_104a andnrg_1071a)
Between 2001 and 2011, gross inland consumption (GIC) in theEU-28 fell by 4 %. In the last decade, RES consumption grew by69 %, while the consumption of all other fuels declined. The highestdecline was observed in oil consumption ( 12 %), followed by solidfuels ( 11 %), nuclear energy ( 7 %) and gas ( 2 %). Between 2010
and 2011, EU-28 GIC dropped for all fuels except for solid fuels. Thehighest drop was observed in gas consumption ( 10 %).
In 2011, EU-28 total GIC was 1 706 Mtoe, the lowest levels of thedecade. The fuel mix of GIC has only presented slight changes overthe past decade, contrary to the primary energy production fuel mix.Oil consumption has remained at high levels with a 35 % share of thetotal in 2011, followed by gas (23 %), solid fuels (17 %), nuclear (14 %)and renewables (10 %).
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_101a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_101a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_104a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_101a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_101a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_104a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_104a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_1071a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_104a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_104a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_103a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_102a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_100a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_101a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_101a&mode=view8/10/2019 Eurostat Energy
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Tables 2.3.3: Imports of energy products, by country of origin
Table 2.3.3a:Imports of natural gas, by country of origin (PJ)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Russia 4 437 4 575 4 916 4 962 5 143 5 140 4 896 5 148 4 566 4 032 4 102
Norway 2 104 2 644 2 758 2 802 3 064 3 307 3 566 3 927 4 058 3 912 3 715
Algeria 1 957 2 132 2 159 2 042 2 257 2 132 1 946 2 000 1 867 1 986 1 767
Qatar 27 88 80 160 196 233 275 316 724 1 375 1 486
Nigeria 216 218 336 410 436 564 588 540 316 576 589
Libya 33 26 30 48 209 321 384 398 380 382 93
Othercountries 509 433 576 847 1 288 1 316 1 018 1 314 1 463 1 710 1 771
Total 9 284 10 116 10 855 11 271 12 593 13 014 12 673 13 644 13 374 13 972 13 522
Table 2.3.3b: Imports of crude oil, by country of origin (Mt)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Russia 138 156 171 186 190 192 189 182 176 182 178
Norway 107 102 105 107 97 87 84 86 79 72 64
SaudiArabia 57 53 62 64 61 51 40 39 30 31 41
Kazakhstan 9 13 15 19 26 26 26 27 28 29 29
Iran 31 26 35 36 35 35 35 30 25 30 29
Libya 44 39 46 50 50 52 54 56 47 53 14
Othercountries 149 139 116 109 119 124 133 151 141 128 156
Total 536 528 549 572 577 567 561 571 526 524 511
Table 2.3.3c: Imports of hard coal, by country of origin (Mt)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Russia 21 23 25 38 49 56 56 58 55 48 52
Colombia 23 22 23 25 24 26 29 28 32 36 48
USA 20 14 13 15 16 17 21 32 25 30 36
SouthAfrica 49 54 57 54 52 53 46 37 29 18 16Australia 29 29 31 31 27 27 30 26 14 19 18
Indonesia 10 12 13 13 13 19 17 14 12 10 10
Othercountries 29 19 21 28 21 20 25 25 15 18 21
Total 182 173 182 203 202 220 224 220 183 179 202
Source: Eurostat (online data codes:nrg_122a,nrg_123aandnrg_124a)
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_122a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_122a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_122a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_122a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_123a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_123a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_124a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_124a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_124a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_124a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_123a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_122a&mode=view8/10/2019 Eurostat Energy
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Figure 2.3.3a:Imports of natural gas, by country of origin (PJ)
Russia
Other countries
Libya
Nigeria
Qatar
Algeria
Norway
Russia
Libya
Other countries
Iran
Kazakhstan
Saudi Arabia
Norway
Russia
Indonesia
Other countries
Australia
South Africa
USA
Colombia
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2007 2010 2011200920082006
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2007 2010 2011200920082006
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2007 2010 2011200920082006
0
10 000
12 000
14 000
2 000
4 000
8 000
6 000
0
500
600
100
200
400
300
0
200
240
40
80
120
160
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: nrg_122a,nrg_123aandnrg_124a)
EU-28 imports of natural gas grew by 46 % between 2001 and 2011.
Russia was the principal EU supplier with a 30 % share of total naturalgas imports in 2011; Norway followed with a 27 % share. From 2001to 2011, natural gas imports from Qatar presented a 54-fold increase.EU-28 imports of crude oil recorded a 5 % decline in the last decade.Over this period, imports from Kazakhstan presented a 3-fold increase.In 2011, imports from Russia accounted for 35 % of total importscompared to a 26 % share in 2001. Imports of hard coal in the EU-28grew by 11 % between 2001 and 2011. Over this period, imports from
Russia, Colombia and the USA presented a 2-fold increase. In 2011,imports from Russia made up a 26 % share of the total, followed byColombia (24 %).
Figure 2.3.3b:Imports of crude oil, by country of origin (Mt)
Figure 2.3.3c:Imports of hard coal, by country of origin (Mt)
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_122a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_122a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_123a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_123a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_123a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_124a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_124a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_124a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_124a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_123a&mode=viewhttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/product?code=nrg_122a&mode=view8/10/2019 Eurostat Energy
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Table 2.3.4: Net imports of solid fuels and oil (thousand tonnes)
Solid fuels Oil
2001 2006 2011 2001 2006 2011
EU-28 172 959 213 186 190 423 553 771 605 417 544 530
BE 11 836 7 176 4 657 29 869 32 488 29 662
BG 4 048 4 068 3 237 4 250 5 148 3 795
CZ 7 996 6 097 4 602 8 121 9 559 8 494
DK 6 789 8 617 6 155 6 432 7 856 3 830
DE 41 592 44 772 49 849 129 315 118 856 105 147
EE 1 070 58 59 836 983 693
IE 3 040 2 647 2 280 8 856 8 584 6 898
EL 1 318 352 489 19 699 21 510 15 340
ES 18 436 22 812 14 769 72 804 79 185 66 298
FR 16 739 21 168 15 650 94 357 92 708 82 692HR 744 1 188 1 206 2 759 3 585 2 976
IT 20 045 25 135 23 228 84 825 79 791 63 157
CY 59 64 1 2 498 2 989 2 651
LV 93 166 189 1 440 1 687 1 481
LT 112 433 444 2 037 2 733 2 352
LU 202 155 99 2 369 2 950 2 869
HU 1 558 1 740 1 518 4 746 5 990 5 239
MT 1 634 1 700 2 545
NL 13 659 12 729 12 067 41 605 46 943 43 525
AT 4 957 5 562 4 566 11 533 13 393 11 034
PL 25 060 17 990 1 186 18 649 23 495 24 785
PT 4 807 5 777 3 598 16 642 13 937 12 101
RO 3 641 4 616 1 795 5 437 4 822 4 297
SI 506 619 556 2 373 2 592 2 553
SK 5 698 5 917 4 827 2 816 3 435 3 382
FI 6 585 7 184 7 509 9 992 11 342 9 938
SE 3 718 3 510 3 624 1
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