Vidya Prase

8/2/2019 Vidya Prase

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WITH COORDINATION OF

G.POORNACHANDRA RAO

A.GOPALA KRUSHNA

SEMINAR BY

K.VIDYA

08P61A0263


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WHAT IS A BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE?

It is a communication channel from a human's brain to acomputer by using Electroencephalography method .

We can control the brain functions by artificiallyproducing the signals and sending them to respectiveparts

Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) is a communicationsystem, which enables the user to control specialcomputer applications by using only his or her thoughts.It will allow human brain to accept and control a

mechanical device as a part of the body.


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The average human brain weights around 1400 grams. The most relevant

part of brain concerning BMIs is the cerebral cortex.

The cerebral cortex can be divided into two hemispheres. The hemispheres

are connected with each other via corpus callosum.

Cerebral cortex is responsible for many higher order functions like

problem solving, language comprehension and processing of complex

visual information.


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MAIN PRINCIPLE

Main principle behind this interface is the bioelectrical activity ofnerves and muscles. It is now well established that the humanbody, which is composed of living tissues, can be considered as apower station generating multiple electrical signals with twointernal sources, namely muscles and nerves

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method used in measuring theelectrical activity of the brain. The brain generates rhythmicalpotentials which originate in the individual neurons of the brain.

These potentials get summated as millions of cell discharge

synchronously and appear as a surface waveform


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When the neuron fires, or activates, there is a voltagechange across the cell, (~100mv) which can be readthrough a variety of devices.

When we want to make a voluntary action, the command generates from

the frontal lobe. Signals are generated on the surface of the brain. Theseelectric signals are different in magnitude and frequency. To design a BMI, there are basically two different approachesused.

1. Pattern recognition approach2. operant conditioning approach


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The BMI consists of several components:

1.implant device, or chronic multi-electrode array,

2.Signal recording and processing section, 3.External device uses to produce and control motion

4.feedback section to the subject


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IMPLANT DEVICE

The EEG is recorded with electrodes, which are placedon the scalp. Electrodes are small plates, which conductelectricityNeural implants can be used to regulate electricsignals in the brain and restore it to equilibrium


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SIGNAL PROCESSING SECTION

Multichannel AcquisitionSystems

Spike Detection

Signal Analysis

In This section amplification, initial filtering of EEG signal andpossible artifact removal takes place. Also A/D conversion ismade

spike detection will allow the BMI to transmit only the actionpotential waveforms and their respective arrival times insteadof the sparse, raw signal in its entirety

certain features are extracted from the preprocessed anddigitized EEG signal


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EXTERNALDEVICEThe device control simply transforms the classification to aparticular action i.e. up or down movement of a cursor onthe feedback screen or a selection of a letter in a writingapplication

FEEDBACK

Real-time feedback can dramatically improve the performance ofa brainmachine interface

feedback can speed up the learning process and improveperformanceFeedback used in BMIs has similarities with biofeedback,especially EEG biofeedback


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Auditory and visual prosthesis

Functional-neuromuscular stimulation (FNS)

Prosthetic limb control

Mobile phone attachment that allows a physicallychallenged user to dial a phone number without touching itor speaking into it

System lets you speak without saying a word In effective

construction of unmanned systems, in space missions,defense areas etc


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In this era where drastic diseases are getting

common it is a boon if we can develop it to itsfull potential.

Also it provides better living, more features,more advancement in technologies etc.


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Connecting to the nervous system could lead to permanent

brain damage, resulting in the loss of feelings or

movement, or continual pain.

Virus attacks may occur to brain causing ill effects.


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BMIs will have the ability to give people back their

vision and hearing. They will also change the way a

person looks at the world. Someday these devices might

be more common than keyboards

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