TOAOP XI,IBKOBmacedonia.kroraina.com/knizhki/balkanski_1996.pdfnaprurra 4o 9. lX. 1944 r. flopa4u...

$: TOAOP XI,IBKOBmacedonia.kroraina.com/knizhki/balkanski_1996.pdfnaprurra 4o 9. lX. 1944 r. flopa4u roea Bil lr3npau{aM aero-6raorpaQr,rrra ct/tt Kogro cbM AaA cne4 no6e4ara 9. lX. 1944$
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TOAOP XI,IBKOB

ConeglianoKOHEANAHO

AUDIO . TV. VIDEO

ren./Qarc: 3853 531, 3853 493

Calrge"no ttazoga/un

Ha z-H 7eoftza Kpacfu - qeq/ttAncnantou4ecfiSo&afian

ufienopan

@To.aop Eaarcancxn - aBrop, 1996

@ Xp. [agnnon - xy.4otrcnnn Ha Kopf,gara, 1996

@ Cr. .Zl,ecnogon - aBTop Ha Kapf,Karypnre

@HK "3nar '94" , 1996

ISBN 954-8709-10-4

Togop Eanknruclcn

TOtrOPXIABKOB

EguH egukoBeg sanpoconoepaQunma na

,4ukmamopa

Benuko TupnoBo1996

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42xuu:ro) e cTaprur4 HayqeH cbrpyAHl,tK Bl4Hcrlrryra ra 6urrapcru errar npra EAH.3arupurnrr e 6uvapcxa Qunoneuz u uc-mopug ubl 8eruarorupnoBcKr4fl yHuBepct,t-rer, a no-KhcHo u acnupaHrypa B CoSrar(cneqnarrxocr leKcuKolo?un u AeKarKoz-p$unl. Xa6uaurupax e Karo AeKcuKolor,nercrarcorpa{ n oHoMacT. Hayvxoro rrnyrBopqecrBo o6xsarqa xa4, 200 rpyAa -

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s 1. KbM l4CTOPvtflTA HA TEMATAlzlnrepecur Mn KbM npoconorpaQr,rnra xa S,urraropa 6e-

u.re aus6y4eH cnpraraxo. flpes Qeapyapra '1985

r. e X-ro pa-ioHxo ynpaBneH[e ua MBP noA Har[cKa Ha c y)Knrennre orVl-ro ynpaaneHne HaAupxaBHa cilrypHocr Mrcge1 Mnageuo|n Kpacuuup KanypgoS noAnncax nporoKon, qe nobeqe Hq^ aAa noceu{aaanr cu6paHug Ha lAacrnryta ra 6unrapcxn e3nK,KaAero pa6orn. B rorrercra Ha o6qcHexnero/ Koero Mu npe-

AocraBnxa BbnpocHnre Anqa, ce pas6rapaure/ qe Karo ce n3-Ka3BaM Cpeuy qoBeKoHeHas[crHnqecKaTa no^rrnKa Ha Tora-BarxHnre pbKoBoAureln Ha lAxonryra sa 6urapcrm e3uK -

Togopra l48auo8a-Mup,ae6a n USan Koue6, cbM ce h3Ka3ganBcbulHocr cpeuly "4pyrapn Top,op Xetsxog". l1pe4nonaram, vecaMlrqr Xueros eABa At,t e noAo3upal ut cneKy aqugTa c He-roBoTo nme. Tara no Hegont craHax aHTnxnBKoBr4cr.

B mHororo cao6o,a,Ho BpeMe, Koraro 6ax nsonnpan oro6qecreexnr ta HayqHur xr4Bor e l4xcrrar1aa, qaK Ao 1989 r.,or nn6onurcrBo ce upoBl4x 8 MHoxecreoro 6r,rorpafcrr,ryr3Mtacn]rqu sa To4op Xnexoe. O6puqax BHr,rrunH]re Ha BceK]laHeKAor :la Hero, Ha BcgKa nPogBa Ha roraBauHnn Kpnnroro-Bop, Kor,rro pea^Ho cbu{ecrByBaue noA HarncKa Ha qeH3ypH-paHut e3nK Ha AnKrarypara, Hap[qaH ouqe "gtpBeu esux" (Qp.limba de lem), uo\oeo\op u nog.

l'lrpaonavalxo cu6rapax Marepn;rn]r no reMara: 'To4op

Xnaxoa e 6rnrapcrara oHoMacrnKa", BnocAeAcrone Marepna-Abr HapacHa Ao Apyra reMa: "Kbm oHoMacrnqHara 6norpa$unxa ,,A,nrraropa". Perucrpupaxa ce o6aqe 14 MHoxecroo Qarrnxa 6unrapcxl,rr HoeoroBop 14 Kpnnrorooop/ B pe3y^rar Ha Koe-ro ce oQopMh Hacroru{ara pa6ora.

gnrarenqr BeporrHo e cMyreH or HaAcloBa. l-lop,o6no ve-TnBO notrrl,r He e HanycKa o crpaHnqnre Ha HayqHut neqar.!,ocera e3,rKo3HaHnero, e3yrKoooro l43cleAgaxe 6eule a no-MOU{ Ha ncropuqra nPeAu Bcl4r{KO I OHe3u C^yqam, KOraTorpn6aarue no AaHHu Ha e3nKa,oya ce rBCraHoBr4 l4cropr4qecKa

{arronorran. Tosra rnn e3uKoBeAcK}r rpyAoBe ca ta3BuKaHu Hax'rBor I c^yqauTe, KoraTo AnncBaT nncMeHl4 cBnAeTeAcTBa 3:l

6flcrophqecKu o6eKril r4^u qBneHug, a cbu{o l,r B c/\yLranre, Ko-raro yMelo ce npnKpnBar unu +anuJr,r$r,rr-1,rpar raKuBa $arrr.r.B roHrperunr cnyvari 6urorpaQraara Ha Top,op Xneroe ceoKa3a c MHoro 6enn nerHa/ KbAero ltcropur<uT ce qyBcrByBa-6eenor,aou-1eH, a e3uKoBeAbr e B cBor4 ao4ra. C ra3u yroBopKanPeAynpexAaBaM quTareM, qe B roBa onucaHue HqMa AaHanycHa noJuqlrrra Ha e3lrKoBe,a,, xoraro no AaHHh Ha e3uKaBb3craHoBrBa lrnu HanpaBo nnuie Hen3BecrHara qacr or 6yror-paf r.rrra Ha H al,r - ronennua .A.,u rrarop e 6rnrapcKara hcropfi r.

A roaa e onpaoAaHo noHe orKbM Ky ryponoruqHa rAeAHaroqKa: npoclo HtMa AuKTaTop B ncropuflTa Ha Hapo4nre, xor,r-ro Aa He e c noAnpaBeHa 6rorpaQraa; HgMa ronaM 4nrcrdrop,3a Kororo Aa HgMa MHoxecrBo 6raorpa$r,rra.

s z. sl46^vrorPAocKo onucAHr4EHA SnOTPAOUUTE HA AI4|ffATOPA

E4n HcraeHara t u3secrna aaro6morpadr,ra Ha.A.,ra rcraropa eny6nraryeaHa a r,re6panure My cbvilHeHnt (T. XuBxoS, r. 24,C., 1978 r., c. 504-507). Or nprApfxr4renHoro nncMo, aApe-cupaHo go lOpul Osepo9, pexucbop Ha cbBercKr4r Qunna "Ko-MyHncrur" (npoxercnrpaH y Hac noA 3arnasrero "Borisr,rqn Haceo6o4ara'), c Aara 5 anpran 1976 r., ce pas6npa, qe roBa ecrapa aero6uorpafrar or 17. Xll. 1945 r. p,o p,nec ror',rexrdpnO aBTeHTnt{HOCTra Ha TOBa nnCaHUe He Ce e noflBl,r^. l4sre-pecHo e, qe npeAn cnoMeHarara Aara ra3h aaro6uorpaQua Hee 6r,rna m3BecrHa Ha raKa ycbpAHmre r'ly 6raorpafrn. Mex4yBnpoqeM, s nocoqeHoTo np]4Apr/KuTeAHo nncMo ,A,urraropur3:l nbpBl4 u nocneAeH nbr Kopurnpa rnHo6uorpa$rarra 3a ce-6e cr,r c eAHo 3HaMeHareAHo l43peqeHile, cpe.: "Crr4eapeMeH-Ho or npeABapnrelH[re raHQoprtaaqran, Kol4ro hMaM/ ocraBaMc Bneqar^eHnero, qe ce HaAqeHflEa MogTa po^' KaKro B cbn-pon4BhrenHoro ABnxeHue, raKa u s pa6orara ra 6op6nre Hanaprurra 4o 9. lX. 1944 r. flopa4u roea Bil lr3npau{aM aero-6raorpaQr,rrra ct/tt Kogro cbM AaA cne4 no6e4ara 9. lX. 1944 r.Aaro6r,rorpaQr,rrra roqHo (nop,v. moe) orpasnea moRra 4er,r-Hocr npe3 BbnpocHr4t nepno4,"

7

l(aro ce H3Kntoqar xfutxr,rre 6raorpaQravHn cnpaarn sa T.Xnsroe no BpeMe Ha us6opu, I try4AecTpaHHnr neqar nnoA., nbpBr4re My oQnqraanHn 6norpaQnr,r ce noqBeBar npe31981 r. firpea cpeA nbpB]rre no 3Haqexrae e 6r,rorpaQuara, ns-AaAeHa or lzlncrraryra no ncropnq na 6Kl-1, noA HaAcAoa'To-p,op Xnaxoe. EnorpaQnveH oeepr" (C., 19Bl r., 480 c.). 3a ro-3n "HayqeH rpyp," xa 6urapcrnre niaprnnHra ucrop'l{t4 6newu-tr KoMyHr4cr, 6norpaS il peqe3eHr Ha 6raorpaSuqHut oqepKllgmtp Ceuepgxue9 nnue, qe qenra n npeAHa3HaLreHnero Mye "4a ce noKOKe Top,op Xneroe raKbB, KaKbBro He e 6un"(Tpyl, 6p.75,1990 r., c. 3). flpeg 1982 r. u3Aare^crsoro HaQK na AKMC nycHa c6opxur: 'Mna6ocr, HapeqeHa 6op6a.Cnomexn 3a M aAexKmre roAnnn Ha Ap. Top,op Xnsroe" (192c.), cucraa[rea Mamed Aonrcuu, Ka,{ecroara Ha ro3r4 c6opnraxce nPaAcraBsr qpe3 HgKor4 or c/\eAHure cbnocraBKr4: eAuH orcnoMeHmre c HaAcAoB "PeeonnqnoHHa M aAocr" (c.101-1Ol)e or ,A,uuumtp MypgxeS, cbu{r,rnr rosr.r Myp,a,xeB, nonnrcareop-H14K or c. Anclrqeeo, flasapp,xr,lrJKo, roriro Ha 9. lX. 1994 r.pa3crpelBa co6creeHoprqHo AtAo cu ({e44Luepa Koroa, 6a-u{a Ha HeroBara cunpyra), ror,rro pa3cneABa caeAeHrera 3alnpoBoKaqnoHHara p,eriHocr Ha Top,op Xnsros sbB Bpb3Ka cer3Al4poaH[q 3a Hnxona felues noA KoAoooro Ha3oarr]re"OBeH", cpB. onucaHnero aa K. 4arcpo|, Bropnnt erax (flna-,rarx, 1990 r., c. 40): "Paspa6orrara roraBa ce BoAr4 or noAKoB-nux Mypp,xeo, BnocleAcrere HaqaAHnK Ha KoHrpapa3FHaBa-relHara cnpx6a...Toaa 6e .roeeKbr, 3:l Kororo To,a.,op Xneroecil cnoMHtule MHoro qecro Ao oH3n AeH - 14 'r.nu'1889 r. -Koraro Ha cfrpeuHoro ra{e cbc cbBerH}u4nre or ra6unera mys 10.00 qaca 6e AoK aABaHo/ qe reH. Mypp,xee (aeve nercro-Hep) e noqhH;tn. Xueroa 3anoqHa Aa ct,t cnoMHr KaK B oHt4groAnHn 6r,rn paspa6orBaH. Crr.qunr Myp4xea 6un xo.qr,rn 4opranpu cbnpyrara my Mapa Maneeea c Bbnpoc: 'Tn nosHaealu nn4o6pe roq .tosex?n Tr rny orroBopn^a rBbpAe orpt4qare^Ho t4Aopn ro il3roHrna". CpaaHere cera .t<aK reH. Myp4xeB npeAc-raeq T. Xnsros I cnoMeHnre cu: "3a nbpBr4 nbr ce cpeu{Hax cApyrape To4op Xuaxoa B Kpae Ha 1939 r. 6qx ce 3aBbpHa^ orBapHa B poAHoro cu celo Aecuqoeo... Kaxeo Mt4 e npaanlocr,rnHo Bner{arneHile roraea? f pro KaqecrBo Ha ApyrapsXneros 6e cnoco6nocrra My 6upro f,a ce opraeHrupa a o6c-

8raHoBKara n c npeqil3Hocr Aa npaBn u3BoAr4 - Heu{o xaPaK-repHo 3a roneMnt pbKoBoAurel. KaKBo r,imana npe4er,r4. flprac-urairn e c. Aecuqoeo, rora 6tpso paa6r,rpa, qe nonaAHan B6y4xo KoMyHr,rcur{ecKo ceno, yqacrByBalo B Ab roroAuulHl4re6op6ra Ha naprnrra, qe ta B MoMeHra ropta orbHtr Ha 6op6a-ra... 6eue 3:rnoqHana Bropara coeroBHa aofixa... Hp<ex 6eon[TeH naprneH r{oaeK, xor,rro Aa ocBernu cu6ulnqra u Aa rtapa3rcHr4 or Hatr.tr4 no3nqnn. 3a Aecuqoeo ro3r4 qoBeK 6e nrna-AHtr, Ho u3KnloqurelHo onureH naprileH Aetrel To4op Xue-roe. B cpeu-ll,rre cn c naprnr,rHr4t ceKperap feopeu l4\an,ae| n cApyru Apyfapn or pbKoBoAcrBoro n aKrhBa Apyraper Xnsroeocgernh qcHo nonurur{ecKara o6craHoexa, BAbxHa Btpa Ha Ko-MyHucrnre n peMo4crure. Hara-4o6para ultocrpaqrt 3a npa-Br4nHt,tre yKa3aHnt 6rxa nposeAeHure no roBa BpeMe ng6o-pvr... Toea Moxe 6u crana 6narogapenre Ha 64urelHocfia HanaprnraHara opraHil3aqug, HacoqEaHa oT TaKuBa onuTH14 pbKo-BoArirelr4, KaKBnro 6rxa To4op Xuaxos ra Mapa Maneeed(c.101-104). 3a 4ocroeepHocrra Ha ro3l4 cnoMeH Mo)Ke Aa ceHaAHlrKHe B Cneqna^HoTo npoyqBaHe 3a AecuqoBcKara Aet4-Hocr Ha To4op Xnsxoe npn B. Xpucmo\a, "!,pe6Ha ncTop14e.Kar xaH Tarap craHa pesontoqiloHep g Aecrqoeo. Kornry e 6ranHy)KeH rvryrera na To4op XuBKoB" (P. Aeno, 6p. 38, 1990 r., c.2): "[1per 1939-1940 r. Mapa Maneeea 6rana nerapKa B celo-ro. Top,op Xneroe Ha ABa nbru ce norBsBal e Aecuqoao hxuBtn npn Het o6uqo oKono 40 4Hra... Tourara He pa6oren,-ceAgn cu noBeqe B Kbrql4. ,Aopn, Koraro rpr6aano xqrori noTbMHo Aa 3aBeAe AeKapKara npu 6oner, npau{alu crHa Ha xa-3anre... Xusroe Ka3BatA, qe e 3aBbpul4n rpuMeceqeH Kypc nopexucypa. Brnto.{nln ro I ABe MnaAexKn npeAcraB eHnn Bceloro... [pr,r rroporo clr r4ABaHe e Aecnqoso Xueros qecronpeKaPBaA BeqePnre cn a KoMnaHmtra Ha eAHa secena nnt4-HaAa rpynuqra... HnxaKBa BpBKa c naprrafiHara opraHn3aqugI cenoro He e ycraHoBgBal..."

flper 1981 r. nop, orroBopHara peAaKqut Ha noera !,uuu-mtp MemogueS, "roran cboerHuK Ha AnKraropa, naprntixoro[3AarencrBo ny6nraxyea 6raorpaSraveH an6yr'r no peueHre HaL{K na 6Kfl no cnyuari 70-rop,rauxr,rHara Ha T. Xuaroa, no4HaAcAoB "CnH na cBor HapoA, cyrH Ha cBoero apeme" (376 c.).Ar6yr'nur e cbnpoeoAeH c KparKr4 6raorpafr,tvnn 6enexrn

9(c.27-351, Kol,rro no cbu4ecrao yrsbpxAaBar eAuHcreeHo r,r He-orMoHHo o{nqnanxara 6uorpa$ravNa Bepclre or 14 3:l To4opXueroe. Kpaxn 6enexxn 3a peBonloqnoHHara nny 4enHocryfMa n B cnoMeHrre a Mapa Matee1a-XuSxo&a - 'Ts o6ltvaulexopara" (C., 1982 r.).

E4Ha or cbu{ecrBeHnre 6uorpaS[qH[ KHnrn ra ,A,r,tnaro-pa e Ha 6nsluuq r'ly "4pyrap no 6op6a", trleH Ha l-{K xa 6Kl-1,nonhrilqecKut eMnrpar flerup Cenrep4xraeB, n3AaAeHa e fla-pux npe3 1985 r. noA 3ar aBue nHuu4oxecrBo B Aocnexlr HaBeAu9ne", qacrn or Kotro 6rxa ny6nraKysaHlr BbB B-K 'TpyA"

npes 1990 r. [1o crr4ecreo KHnrara e peqeH3nr Ha n3eecrHureAocera 6raorpaQrara sa T. Xnsros r Hali-geqe Ha 6raorpa-

QuvHnr oqepK or 1981 r. "Or-qe B Haqanoro Ha npexnBrsaHe-To Ml4 a vpx6uHa - nlru:e Cennep4xraea - Bb3Hr4KHaxa HtKol4xosr4 o6crorrelcroa... B uee4HoxparH[re cpequ c y6nrun(no-rucno - 6en. L6.) nucaren-eMurpaHr feoprra Maproa, ro-r4ro craoaxa e Aoxp.,on u Mnuxex, cieA npoAb xmrenHr o6-cbxAaHng npeqeH[xMe, tte e Heo6xo4umo Aa ce 3aeMeM cHanncBaHeTo il l43AaBaHeTo Ha KHura, B KotTo Aa ce nOKaXe

{anuruanar opeon, cBAaBaH oKono nMero na To4op Xueroe.Ou4e roraea Bb3npuexMe, qe rg rpa6ea p,a 6up,e o3arnaBeHa"HnuqoxecrBo B Aocnexilre Ha Belu.rne" (TpyR, 6p. 75, 1990r., c. 3).

llocaep.,Ha no BpeMe e 6norpa$uqHara KHrxxa na Koc-m ag u H 4 a rctpoL, cbBerH n K Ha.^A.,n rraropa, o3arnaoeHa "Bropuirerax", l43AaAeHa I'AHTeHil" npes 1990 r. u.B orAeAHa KHuxKaor "ilAaMbKn npe3 cbqara roAnHa. Xopara oqaKBaxa Aa HayqarrobpAe MHoro or ra3n 6raorpaQra 3a Heno3Harne uM T. Xrae-KoB, 3a 6ennre nerHa B HeroBoro xl,rBoroonucaHue. B rHurarao6ave, Korro no cbu4ecreo e xati-nunHoTo 3acera "naprilriHo"qernBo 3a AuKraropa, HtMa Hru{o cbulecBeHo no oTHouJe-Hne Ha 6enrre nonera e 6norpa{r,rAra My, ocBeH xnnore3ara3a Bb3MOXHara Bpb3Ka C pbKOBOAl,rTeAt Ha pa3y3HaEaTeAHOrO'Arr-ynpaB eHhe Ha qapcKara orpr6a 3a cnrypHocr H. fer.uee.

B csoe npeAaeaHe sa 27. lX. 1990 r. e 8.50 v. Pa4rao Co-Qua urnrvn qr4raTencKr4 MHeHut Ll KHurara. Hqron or rtx cr43alnucax/ cps.: "3ag magu KHuea yceu4aM xeAaHuemo na a9mopaga onpa6gae c\oemo npuacmSue. Mucan, qe KHuaama e uHcnu-pupaHa om egHu cpegu", "KHLteama ne ue sago$oau... Hanucaua e

10e\eMeHmapHo om eguH qo^eK, Koimo He e xuSt| e\eMeHmapHo8 xa6unema ua Togop XuBrco&... B uen ue e ampaseHa getcmSu-m eAH ocm m a t ca uo t4puxu ".

flo cuqecreo 6raorpafnqHure rpyAoBe n 6enexrra (rqxcuo6r4aaanr no-HararbK I n3noxeH,lero) sa To4op Xuaxos oc-BerntBar eAuHcroeHo 6raorpa$raara My Karo nbpBr4 n reHepa-AeH ceKperap Ha 6Kfl ra npeAceAaren Ha ,,A,upxaoHils cbBer.9ogeKbr (c manra 6yrea) Top,op Xnsros or BpeMero npeAilp,a sarpa6ra Bnacrra ocraBa HanbAHo r4nu noqrt,t HanbAHo He-no3Har sa 6rnraprare/ Koero craHa n npuquHa :!a Hanr4ceaHeroHa ro3r4 onur 3a 3alntiaBaHe Ha 6enure noneTa s HeroBara 6n-orpa{na.2

S 3. EEA]4TE NOAETA B 6]4OTPAO]4flTA HAAnKTATOPA

"flpnxnBe" ra ,A,rrraropa 6enrare nonera 6rxa ra6y sa6raorpa$rare rury. Oceermeaxa ce KbAe npta6nnsurenHo roqHo,KbAe c o6unHn clyxoBe B KpunroroBopa Ha 6rnrapcxnn na-pop,. Cne4 "c,vrbprra" ua,A,nrcraropa, Koraro ocraHa orHoBo ca-Mo ilMero Togq Xu\roL,4opra 6er onpeAe^eHuelo "4pyrapn",cbc 3aBnAHa 6upsr,rHa 3alnoqHaxa Aa ce 3anblsar 6enure nerHae 6r,rorpaSr,rqra/ Kor4To no cbulecrao, HapeAeH[ eAHo Ao Apy-ro n ycnopeAHo Ha faaluraQr,rraqnnre, u3rpaxAar eAilH HoB,HenoAo3rpaH xuBoronr,tc-6r,rorpaQrar Ha T. Xnaxoe AoBpeMeTo, KoraTo crbnBa Ha Bbpxa Ha nnpaMnAara.

flo-cuulecroeuu "gcBergBaHr,rt" xa 6enure neTHa unu no-nera nMa npeAil Bcr4rrKo BbB BecrHilKapcKn crarnlr n nso6uqo exypHanrcruqecKn M:lrepr4ann. flo-eaxHn or rqx ca: lO. Ca-nyngxue$, "Oanlungusr Ml4r 3a lHKo" (Bev. HorrHn, 6p. 24,1990 r., c. 5); Il. KoBaueB,'Tpy4oaarcur or LUecra pora" ([1or-nei4, 6p. 9, 1990 r., c. 3); Maagocm, HapeqeHa 6op6a; [7o nene-aanHume aegu Ha oQutquamama ucmopus; ToA xu yqewe,Ha: ura.'(ra rpnre - peAaKqnoHHt4 crarnu or nMlaAexra npurypra"na s. Crupr-ue,r, 6p. 2294,1990 r.); t7. y',aSuxruueL, Wsnuara(nope4uqa - e. "HapoAxa apnnnrn, 6 n 7 $eepyapr,r 1990 r.),Irl8. fepacuuoS, flpraxocur. To4op Xreroe a aHnafar.uncrKara6op6a (Beq. Hoenxu,6p. 17,1990 r., c.2l; Llcxpeu Asueno|,

t1flerup Cervrep,opxneB npeAcraBq lzlcruHara ra To4op Xnexoe(TpyR, 6p.75,1990 r., c. "l); fl. CeuepgxueS, Hnu4oxecrao eAocnexl4re Ha Bennqne, B. Xpucmio&a, [pe6aa ucropma. Karxan Tarap craHa peBoltoql4oHep e Aecuqoso. Kor"ty e 6urn ry-xeH uyreri Ha Top,op Xileroe (Pa6.4eno, 6p.38, 1990 r., c.2); M. Mupue\cxa, BupHere Moe o4H (Pa6. ,r,eno, 6p.26,199Or., c. 4), Aa. Aaexcaugpo9,6nn nr,r e To4op Xr4sros areHr-npo-BoKarop (Or. QpoHr, 6p. 13350, 1990 r., c.4); Cm. 6ozgauo8,Or anorpr,r$a Ao r acHocna (florneA, 6p. 17,18,1990 r.); A.Atexcaugpo8, flo cne4rare Ha cbMHeHnero. Pasroaopn n $arrraoKono HeneranHara 4er,ruocr Ha To4op Xmeroe (P. p,eno, 6p.64, 1990 r., c. 3), K. 4arcrpo9, Bropr,rar erax u Ap.

Eennre nerHa a 6raorpa{Nnra Ha .A.,r.rrraropa ca yHmBep-caneH rQarcr, unna rr e 6ftorpaQr,rvrre Ha AuKraropnre neo6ulo14 Ha KOMyHr4CTnqeCKnre AnKraropl4 KoHKperHo n ca B np9KaBpb3Ka c 6enure nerHa B ucropugTa Ha HapoAr4Te, nonaAHanurnoA B acTra Ha KoMyHl4cTr4re, npuKpura noA MapKcl.tcrKoroonpeAe^eHue "4r.rxrarypa Ha nponerapnara". E4ea nn e Heo6-xoAl4Mo Aa AaBaM npnMepm c 6enure nerHa a 6r,rorpaSr.rr.rreua Tumo, Cmanuu, 4aywecrcy, Xo Wu Muu, Mao /,st !yu, Xoue-xep,fluow Kagap n Ap.; c 6ennre nonera a "coqranucruqecKn-Te" ucroplrr,r Ha CCCP, MoHronut, 9exocnosarun, \munun,BuerHam, flonr-ua u np.

Eenlrre nerHa e 6norpa{rarra Ha 6unrapcxraa ,{r,rrcrarop6rxa ecru4Hocr AeMoHcrpupaHn '.rpe3 HeroBoro Ka3uoHHo xl,r-rne, 'To.qop Xneroe. Er,rorpaQuvex oeepK" (C., 1981 r.), xoe-ro cnopeA HrKol4 ut3rortHt4qn e npeBeAeHo r,l r43AaAeHo Haoqe uecr e3uKa (17. CeuepgxueB, noc. oq.). Cpeqy rex 14 3:lrrx g neqara ce notouxa KparKu rsanvrQr,rxaqun Karo cAeAHr4-re: "Ll3secrHr.r ca 6uorpaSnuHmre My AaHHu oKolo BcrbnBaHe-ro My B KoMyHucrnqecKara naprue npes 1932 r., pa6orara eAbpxaBHara neqarHnqa/ yLtacrnero B 3au-{Ltrara Ha feoprlr !,,ra-Ml4rpoB no BpeMe Ha AairnqrarcKug npoqec, c6nucurcur c AeBo-ceKraHTcKr4q KyPc Ha napTt4gra '{ orcrpaHgBaHero My or nap-ruiHa pa6ora. PeeonoquoHHLtre aKqun/ B Kor4ro yqacrtsyBanpe3 To3l4 nepuoA/ ca onncbHm npunoBAr4rHaro, 6e: KoHKper-Ho no3o&lmHe Ha peanHn cvrya\Au t4 xopa. Tosa e rltnltqHo3a_qtlara nny 6norpa$_r" 4o 1944 r. B nes lt^ a onltcaHylAOCIA AKTII|BHI4 AEnCTl fl, HO re Karo qe ^r nporl,rqar

12caMr.r sa ce6e cu, 6es peanxa Bpb3Ka n qeneHacorrenocr. 3a-roBa npe3 BcuqKnTe roAHHl,r Ha HeroBoTo pbKoBoAcTBo ceuenxeuJe or "gaxnenr" n "4onepeHil" Altqa, ve 6uorpaQnrraMy e n3MucneHa, crbKmeHa (noA.t. Moe - T.6.1 u ,{e roriBcbu-lHocr e areHT xa Hnxona leuleB" (K. 4arcpo9, noc, cbr{.,c. 36); "Mr4cbnra 3a 'trmxr,r nerHa" I cKpoMxara MuHaAa

4einocr Ha To4op Xneros B Ko^ yHr.rcrnrrgcKoro ABlrxe-rne (noA.r. Moe - L6.) 6eLue n3Ka&rHa Harl-Hanpe4 ot Huxona[1a6ao6, n3BecreH B cpeAr4re Ha crapure naprurinu 4eriqr,r cr4Mero Kouapa...\fi. CeubpgxueS, noc. cuv.), "Bre Bpb3Ka c He-

Pa3Kpr4rnre nonuqeracxn npoBoKaropu a3 ncKaM Aa pa3KaKa3:r cbMHeHnnra B npoooKaropcroo Ha Top,op Xueros u Hero-eara Salnosna 6uorpaQnfl, KoflTo cera cbc 3aBnAHa crapa-TeAHOCT Ce CKitAbnBa, KaTO n y Ce np]rnlrcBa HeBepogTHa4einocr \Cm. 6ozgano8, noc. cuv., 6p. 1B); "Br,r4Hr,rar npoQcu-to3eH Aeeq no BpeMe Ha cbnporhBara gp.6opuc |aaeoe|e6e-ceAara cn c Hac Ka3a: "Ou4e Ha nbpBoro 3aceAaHhe Ha OK (Ha6Kf-l e CoQran nper 1934 r. - 6ea. L6.) ce noeAhrHa Bbnpocbrra To4op Xnsxos. Ha qnenosere Ha OK nM craHa tcHo, qerofi e cb,vrHlrrelHa Arr'{Hocr (no4v. Moe - T.6.) n HflMil MtcTocpe4 Hac" (An. ,Atexcaugpo9, f1o cleAure, noc. cuq.); 'Tpa6aa

Aa Ce uMa npeABuA, qe Cbu{eCTByBa ne Cayuattxa, BbrpeulHaBpBKa Me4Ay rKoHoMr4qecKara n no^Hn4qecKa crpyKrypa HaeAHo o6u{ecrBo 14 Tuna AuqHocnr, Kor4ro ce [3A]4rar Ha qenHoMqcro B Hero. Aaropr,rrapxnre n ror:llurapHu o6qecrea urs4n-rar frarypra raro Tr.r6epni, Kaanryrra n Hepox, raro XexpuxVlll, (Dnnran ll, l4ean [posHr,r, xaro CrarruH, Xurnep u MaoAgeAyx, raro (nb Ha 4pe6Ho) Hayurecry ra T. Xr,rsros. 14 BcenaK ToraBaulHara nonnrnqecKa BbpryuKa e BlrHoBHa, par6r,rpace, qe h3AnrHa qoBeK xaro To4op Xneroe Haqeno Ha naprlrt-Ta u AbPxaBaTa h He ro cMeHn oBpeMe, Koraro ou{e Moxeue,c Alrqe no-HpaBcrBeHo, c no-roMMo qyBcrEo 3;l orroBoPHocr,no-{y rypHo, npocro no-rpaMorHo. flpn roBa e 6rna noselrelr^r{ RO-MaAKO n3BecTlra TBbpAe HefcHaTa My - /ueKo Ka3a-no - 6norpaQnn 4o 9.l,X.1944 r., Bbpxy Koero qacr or 6r-orpa$nrra My qe rpn6aa Aa ce xBbpAH npxa ceernnHa Hanpoqeca" (nop,v. Moe - L6.)'(6. Myimnu,3a orroeopnocna uBuHara na To4op Xuaxoa. - Ay*a, 31 mari 1990 r., c. 3). ufo-

AnHn HapeA q h3r+aBax,rne. Heroeara r4croPug. Vqexnne q or

T3BecrHnqu, 6raorpaSr,rra, cnoMeHu, Qranr*ra. Crunra no crbnKaBbpBtxMe cAeA Hero no napr[3:lncK[Te nbreKn. 14 3aroea, ro-raro npe3 1982 r. B peAaKllhera Ha B. "Co{nricxn yHnBepcn-Ter" nona4Haxa re3!{ AoKyMeHTn (cen.a,erencrBo 3a 3penocT,nMeHHnqu 3a 3anncBaHe Ha T. Xuexos e lOpra4ravecxnn Qa-Kylrer - 6en. L6.), ncravrn 6qx^ê yAuBeHn. B EnorpaQravHraroqepK... re oso6u4o He ce cnoMeHaoar. Toea Hra o6upxea.Craeaue AyMa s;t MHoro mxeH nepuoA - 1942-1943 ro4uxa.llepraop, Ha aKrlrBHa cbnporlrBa, Ha Bbopb)Kexa 6op6a c rAaB-Ho ,l,ericreyaau{o ^l4qe Top,op Xnexos (lxro)... .A..oxaro HqroliOTrOBOpl4 Ha Te3u BbnpOCl4, CMqTaMe, tle AOKyMeHil,rre rpn6ea

Aa BnAqr 6qn csqr. Aro He 3a Apyro, noHe Aa 6r,a,ar ta3nomy-BaHu B c eAeaulrq buorpaQr,rven ovepr! Cnope4 Hac re Mo-raT Aa BHecar u3BecrHr4 KopeKq[n B nhcaHaTa r Aonb BaHaraAbnro BpeMe ucropl4e. Karro H Aa noc fxar 3a npxmep KaKc i HHr,rMaAHx npembnrraBaHgrs ,r orar Aa ce curaoprr MAK-Cl,lMfu\HVl 6uorpaSnn (noAq. Moe - L6.)" (flo HeneranHnreore4ra...), 'To4op Xneros e qoBeK c rb,uem poAoB npox3xoAe fipaaeq" (11. Hailgeuo8, rnaaeH cneqranncr B orAen Hapop,-Ha npoceera a rp. flpaaeq) u Ap. l4ro6u4o, a 6raorpaSuflra Ha6aarapcrun .A,urrarop HescHornre 3ar xlrBora My Ao 1944 r.3:lnoqBar BlrHaru orraM, KbAero :raabputoa t,tcrl,tHara. ilo rocilsbnpoc nonK. U8. Comupo9 nnule a "Hapo4Ha apm[e"(6.11.1990 r.): "Karemro u Aa ca Haunre qyBcrBa, oqeHKn n He-cbrlacut, Xuexoe e He caMo qacr or cr46ara Ha BceKu orHac, Ho n qacr or r4cTopr4tra Ha MHorocTpaAaAHa Eunraprar.3aroea BcsKo AoKyMeHTaAHo cBr,rAerencTBo ra xeroeara 4eri-xocr (n ilcrnHcKo, r Sarruu$nqr,rpaxo), BceKa HeroBa AyMa,HaMepeHxe, MoTr4B sa 4er,rcrene, 3:lMr4cM 3al l4HTp[ra 14An c^y-.{aiHa nocrbnKa (axo uma rarasa) He ca 6es 3HaqeHne 3a Ha-uero noKoneHue r,r sa 6r4equre h3cêAogareû. Konroro nHenplltTHo Aa 3Byt{14, qpe3 Hero n HeroBug xl4Bor Hue qe pa3-6epenr no-,a,o6pe ce6e cu".

lA tara, nepuoAbr Ao BBKaqBaHero Ha AuKraropcKr4tTpoH e npeAcraaeH or MHoro 6enn nonera u ,vritnKo nerHa B6r,rorpaQraara Ha T. Xnsros. Koraro 3anoqHax Aa rn n3cneA-BaM, 3a ueHe 6eure qcHo caMo roBa, Koero 6er.ue 3an!r@Ho BHeroBara o{uqraaaHa 6raorpaQr,rr: nPo4ex... B ceno l-lpaeeq,rora orpaHo qe qye rax rpara Hero, HanBeceH HaA A|onKaTa 3a-

1,4eAHo c Mar4Ka r,ay, 'SanxaHbr nee xara4yutra neceH"; "B Hero-BnTe AercKr4 cbHNU4a U{e oxkrBtBar repou or cnoMeHure HanpaBuaHm" (Cr,rx Ha cBot HapoA..., c. 27). Aarop Ha re3u peAo-Be e eAnH yBaxaBaH Mb)K - noerbr ,4,,. Mero4nee. fleHo, roriHe e 3HaeA Hl4r4o sa o6eKra Ha cBoero nucaHue, nopaA,r Koe-To e Busnpuen cbBceM AoruqHo, ue 6unrapcxnar ,A,nrrarop eAorlJbA HanpaBo or... 6unrapcKmt pHauJKm enoc. 14 a rorn cny-qari Heroeoro r4ABaHe e eAHa yHhBepcanua e 6raorpaSuilre HaKoMyHncn4rrecKnre AmKraropn. Tara Hanp. sa Tlocu{ 6porTwro Enu lOpyxo\a (PaseeFrqaniler KyAr runn Tnto, B. HoahHu,6p. 180, 1990 r., c.2) nr,ru.re: "14 aKo e BepHa nH{opmaqnnra,qe Tnro e Hanucal noBeqe KHuru or AeHun, a roBa TBbpMTHeroBuTe u3cêAoBareîl, To crrypHo lorocâBcKr,rTe xypHa-nrlcrn uMar roneMnt lxaHc Aa BM3:lr s lilHecoaara,KHn[a HapeKopAure C Heu3qepnaeMoTo Ctl BAbXHoBeHue u Hacrott.ltl-Bocr Aa ce par6epe Bc[rrKo, Koero Aocera caMo ce e "uyr-uy-KaAo 3aA rynncnre" r Aa ce pa3Kpr4qr u xara-nnanrure.rarixu Ha6weur,ug KoMyHr,rcruqecKn Ar,{Aep, Aa ce "o6pa6ornr" Bcr4.rKn4erar,rnn oT noûTuqecKilt 14 14HTI4MHr,rt My xr4BoT. Hafi-uHre-pecHoTo e/ qe u Aocera, KaKro r,1 npeAu, Tnro ocraea nn'{Hocr-Ta/ 3a KoRTo Hara-mHoro ce roBopr4 14 nutr.le e lorocnaeilg -eAnH napaAoKc/ npeBbpHa^ AyMure Ha nncarem FpaHro 9o-nuq, qe "Tr4To e Aolubn or npuKa3Kure n ce e gbpHan B npu-Ka3Knre" B eAHa romMa ncn4Ha..." Tara nnogr n3c eAoBarenc-KU nbr Ha e3rKoBeA BCbU{HOCr TpbrHa OT Hr4U{OrO, 3aulOTO 14H 14 uloro 6eure n pil KpLlro sa4 6r,r orpaf ravH ra {anr-u r,r f ra raqn ra,3a KOT4TO nO-HaTaTbK B TOEa OnUCaHUe nOCTO,|HHO qe CraBa

AYMA.

s 4. oA txvrBl4TE kr oMlxr4ourur4pAHr4TE"nAPATPA(Dy|" B SUOTPAO]/IflTA HA AyTKTATOPA

Tyr craea Bbnpoc 3a oHe3[ SanuraQraraqur, Ko]4ro He canpeAMeT Ha ToBa nucaHne, Kor4To Beqe ca u39cHeHr4 I AUTepa-

rypara. 3a ux cuo6r4aaa BceKlr or cneMeceroHoemepurlcrm-re "6rorpaQu" na .A,nrraropa. HarBaxo: l-lucaHnero ua 17.lla9ao\a, "9BKu 14 naponn" (flapnae4ar, 1976 r.), usluea cnep,oKa3aH Bbpxy aBTopKara HarucK ",0.,a Harrnepu HaquH Aa ynoMe-

15He rMero Ha ToAop Xusxoe" (17. CeuepgxueS, noc. crq.); raroorroBopeH Qarrop B cbnporilBan, Ll9. fepacuuo| a "[1puno-cbr..." r43Hact pe4 Qa,rulra$uraqrau 3a pbKoBoAnara ponr xa T.Xusxos B AeBerocenremepuricroTo BbcraHue, Bcbu{Hocr pb-KoBoAeHo or Apyrn Alrl{a; 3:l Heler€l^Hara 4eriHocr na T.Xneroe - 6r,rorpa$rurn $arru, cpeqy Kol4ro 3acraoar 3an[-caH&fre cnoMeHr4 na y',o6pu TepneweS, cpa.: "!,oxonKoro 3Haq,6eure HRKaKBo rrypnepqe rurur fpa4cr[t KoMilTer Ha llaprna-ra. Xneeetue ch AeraAHo. [,axe Arroro Ha 1944 r., Heo6elno-KotBaH or Hl4Koro, cu notruBalle e foee4apl{14/ KbAero )KeHar.,ry 6er-ue nerapra"; 3:t Mura, ve To4op Xuaros e cb3Aaren HanaprnflHara opraHu3aqun o foad4apqn npe3 1941 r., KoeroBcbr{Hocr e 6nna yqpeAeHa roqHo ABaAecer roAuHl4 npeAuroBa n Ap.Cm. \oegano9 (Or anorpr,r$a...) raspr,rvHo noAqepra-Ba: "[1o "o6orartsaHe" 6uorpa0rrra Ha To4op Xnaxoa 4unrnroAuHr4 ce npoBexAaxa ycuneHr aKqrn sa Qanu.rra$uqupaHeHa 4erlcremrenHocrra. B moe npncbcrBhe B AoMa Ha npof. 4-p AHren Cnmeonoe, 6raar-u npaeurencrBeH AeKap u qecreH Ko-MyHl,rcr/ p,ofi4e JzleaH 6ores or flasnureHil, KbAero npeAn Ae-Bern cenreMapra Cranaeoxoe pa6orel Karo ̂ eKap. Sores ucxa-u:e CumeoHoB Aa Hannue/ qe Koraro To4op Xneroe e uABaAnpn Mapa Maneeea, pbKoBoAeA L{qlara, naprnraHa opraHn3a-qils B rpaa. 3a qecr Ha ,0,-p CranneoHoa, xofiro MeXAy Bnpo-qem 6e t,r lryM npra caar6ara Ha Xueroa c Manee'aa, roi orx-8bp^t4 KaTeropnqHo TaKaBa p,er,rnocr Ha x4eroe",{TeHrao KoSa-

,. ue| (Tpyp,oearcur or U-Jecra pora) nraure: ".^4,o cxopo Ml4ciexMe/qe 3HaeM BclrrtKo 3a xuBora u Aenoro na Torqop Xlraxos.,A,xec nocreneHHo HayqaBaMe sa QanulraQ[qhpaHr4 Qarrr,r r,r"6enu netna" oT )Kl4Tuero-6taruero nry. Taxoea "neTHo" ce oKa3-sa n soriHr4urKara r'ny cnpx6a. Konro e cnprc,rn? Kora? BrpHoAu e, qe e 6nn rpyp,,oear?... B 6rorpa$npHr4r oqepK... Ha ro3r4Bbnpoc e orAe^eHo cbBceM cKpoMHo Mecro. flpes '1936 r.(cnope4 ro3r4 oqepK - 6ea. L6.) Top,op Xhexos e orKbcHar orpeAuqnre na co$uricrrr nponerapnar, 3a 4a or6ne 3aAblxr4-TeAHara BoeHHa cnpx6a. Maxap qe h B rexKure Ka3apMeHuycnoBl4r npoAbDKaBa, cBorra peBonlor{r,tou na 4ei Hocr... ErohcruHara cnopeA r"ra6opxr,rre u 3anoBeAHu KHnrn, crxpaHnBa-nu e L{eHrpa^Hut BoeHeH apx!ro... Cruranne 4o 3anoae4HaKHnra Ha Co$raracKoro oKpbxHo rpyAoBo 6ropo or 1935 r.

r6Cpe4 nararrrare ce Ha 10 rr,rari cbu{ara roAnHa rpyAoaaqn [rori esanncaHl no4 f$ 68 e lUecra pa6orra. O6aqe cbBceM ror{Ho eQnroapaxo yao^HeHnero Ha T. Xmaroa - 19. X. 1935 r. orpora Ha flrpea nexorHa pa6orna ApyxnHa. Herogara ciryx6arpae roqHo 5 meceqa u 9 4Hu. 3a ocraxanure 81 4exa ce e or-xynunn. Bcuuqxocr fl. Koeaqes He e 3Haen, aa aaro6uorpa-Srarra Ha T. Xr4sroa (noc. ctv.), ru4ero caM aaropbr cto6qa-ea: "llpesre3n roAnHn (1932-1935) 6sx pbKoBoAuren Ha one-parnaHoro 6ropo 3:l pbKoBoAcroo Ha ylu,.rHnre axqun. [1perrrnapr 1935 r. 6sx Haro8apeH Aa pbKoBoM y Tpa^eBnqapcKaaKquq e Co$r,rn... l-lper 1936 r. t4 nbpBytre Meceqn na1937 r.6rx rpy4oear. Cne,q yBonHeHilero nocrbn[x orHoBo B Abp-xaBHara nevarHnqan (c. 505). Braxp,,a ce, qe T. Xnaroe noMHl4Meceqa ta roAnHara, Koraro pbKoBoAr4 6npo sa ynnqHu aK-\un, vt caMilTe aKqr,il4, a He noMHyt roAltHaTa !t Meceq[Te, Ko-raro e 6ran rpyp,oaa& npn nonoxeHle/ qe npe3 oHoBa BpeMerpyAoBaqnre ca clyxenn B Meceqa. Brax4a ce/ rie caMXuaxoe e ytrEcroyBan B u3Mncll4r-(tare 3.1 cBorra 6r'rorpa$nn.[1o rosn cnprari Aneenaxo| e cb3A:rn 3HaMeHarenHoro 3arlaBne"Cyera nnn yMuuleHa nbxa'r (Bev. xoeraHu,6p.22, 1990 t., c.2). Tarnea Qarrr-ura$r,rraropra 6axa BnocieAcrBue r Heroourenpu6nnxeHn. Ero n KoHKpereH npnMep. flo epenne Ha us6o-pnre 3a npeAceAarel xa Ce4moro Benuro HapoAHo cu6paxraeaxal. H. Togopo| 6er-ue nonuraH 3a Bpb3Kure clt cbc ceuericr-ao Xusrosu. Tora orroBopl4, qe He e B HnKaKBn Bpb3K14 c KAat-Ha, Aoplr qe e MalTperupaH B [3oecrHa creneH or Hero.. lA 6e-ure ras6paH 3a npeAceAaren! A eABa Au uMaue qoBeK or aKa-AeMnr{Hnre cpeAm, xoriro Aa He 3Hae, tre ara4. H. To.qopoe eKyM Ha Aro4nnnna Xnaxooa. A 4oxomoro Mn e t43BecrHo, t4npn KoMyHr4crnre KyMcrBoro ce 3aqrra s;t poAcrBo... HqronroAHr HenocpeAcraeHo cne4 10. Xl. 1989 r. nocernx naprnhnunapx'rB no noooA l43BecrHoro or 6r,rorpa$unre nhcMo xa gHro

Ao.napru3aHcKnre orpgAt4 (ex. Cilx Ha cBoero BpeMe, noc.cbtf., c. 58, LlnA 78 on. 1, a.e. 6a). Toraaa npne^rrr Me apxu-encr f. Spamano9 ce n3nycHa npeA MeHe r,r nnn cuo6u-1u, qe Be-poflTHo rooa nncMo e or ceprtra "n3Ml4cleHn nhcMa". He qem cbMHeHlre, qe repMuHbr "l43mt4oteHr nncMa" e 6nn cur,qa,qeng rarixt,tn npo0ecraonaleH e3nK xa nap,rniHnre ncropilrlt4, Ko-lrro BeAnKoAenHo ca 3Haenn sa QanulaQnKaqu[re na ,A,nrra-

l 7

ropa. npt4 Morre noceu-leHuq I npaEeq ce 3auHrepecyBax oraBTopa Ha cnoMeHa "MariKara" - Mapuu 6ouue8, "ocBernnnn cr43Mr,rcll,t-p4 Bbnpoca sa MapyUa XuexoBa (ex. MAaAocr, Ha-peqeHa 6op6a, c. 22-231. Ero xargo ce uyuyKarre 3a ro3l4M. 6onqee, u3BecreH e flpaeeq c poAoBoro cl4 ltMe TyeScxu.B xaqecreoro cil Ha naprueH ceKperap cne4 9. lX. 1944 r. Ty-eBcKl4 ,o'aea SanLunBn cBeAeHns ra T. Xnsros - uAleHHo (saroBa, qe raman) napruriHa 4eriHocr e llpaeeq, Heu{o, Koero Hece noMHr4 or HaceneHnero. BnocleAcrcne, nper 1990 r., LI\.6enuu n H- HeugenoB, un$opMaropr4 or flpaeeq, rrara cuo6u4n-xa n npoAb xeHuero Ha rosa "uyuryraHe". B 3Har Ha 6naro-AapHocr 3a ra3u $anr-uraQr,rxaqr,ra T. Xusxos Hanpaoun Mapunionqe| TyeBcxu repori Ha coqralncruqecKur rpyA.'

Ku4ero ta Aa ce pa3poBr4 r43cneAooarenrr B nncanara 6n-orpa$r,rn ra,A,urraropa/ HaBctKbAe ce HaTbKBa Ha cb3HarelHu

{anuraSlrraqnn. Taxa nanpnMep roAnHm HapeA c HeroBoro3HaHne Eurapcxoro paAr4o nycKaue arreHruqeH 3anuc fx crnaca Ha To4op Xueron, rofiro nosgpaersa Ha 9. lX. 1944 r.rpaxAaHnre n naprn3aHure... 3anncbr e p,eu.rr,rQpr,rpan r,rnocraBeH Karo aaropcKu reKcr Ha T. Xr4sroa s r.1 , c. 32 nane6paHr,rre My cbrrnHeHrar. E4ua nper 1990 r. Muxo flempoS,BoAeu{ paAnonporpannara "He4eng 150" ycraHoBl4, qe Bcbul-Hocr crasa Bbnpoc 3a rlac n peq Ha Apyro Ahqe - Cmosu Ko-uaxtueS. Vlnn gpyr cnyuari: cne,a, "4erponupaHeron na T. Xr,rs-KoB ce 3aroBopl4 &l noquHanara "cae4 6one4yeaHe" neroBa 4b-r4ep9, Kotro BpeMeHHo 6euie eKltoqeHa B naHreoHa Ha 6esc-MbprHrre 6urapra. E4aa npes 1990 r. ce orKpexHa 3aBecara 3.troBa, qe 3aA 3araAbtrHara cMbpr xa Arc4nnmna ce Kpue npocroHeu-{acreH cnyvafi - yAaBeHe.

Mor3 p,a rae6poa ou{e MHoro cnyqata, Ho re, xaro Srarcn-paHn or APyr,t aBroP't, He ca npeAMer Ha MoeTo onr4caHue.TlsHecenoro AoryK npeAcraBrM eAnHcrBeHo raro $oH m aHa-Aornt Ha Bcr4qKo oHoB:I, KoeTo e pe3y TaT Ha r3cneA8aHeTono-HaTaTbK.

18

S 5. CA\4(OBETE[1o epenne Ha il3cneAe.rxero rpr6eaue Aa npoBept n He-

Kor ynopuro p.BnpocrpaHeoaHu npeAu 10. Xl. 1989 r., a ncneA ToBa, cnyxoBe, cabp:nHl4 c ilcropntTa na ,A,urraropa, Ko-aro rpr6ear-ue Aa Bb3craHoBg no AaHH[Te Ha e3taKa.

Cpep, Hapo4a e pa3npocrpaHeH B HnKoAKo Bap[aHracneAHrler cn\x: Mapyqa XuBroSa 6r,rna po4or* or nnpAoncKnrecena. 6e4Horo MoMnqe cnyryBano B KoHtoulHl,tre Ha (Dep6r,r-

nar4 Ko6yprorcKl,r. B pesynrar Ha roBa ciyryBaHe m m3oecrHa-ra npulvrKa Ha T. Xraeroe c (Dep4nHaHA 3aqan4ero Ha 6u4e-r-qran ,{rarrarop ce cBbp3Ba c qapcKara oco6a n settunre rg-arH6pavnr,r Bpb3Kr4. Tara Ha 6qn csqr B KplrnroroBopa ce not-Bn uMero Ha Top,op Xlrsxos xato Togop @epguuaueoS - nonpe3p[renHoro HapoAHo t,tMe sa @ep4ranaHA Karo (Depguuau-

eo, 6yxnnuo (Dep,a,raHaH4, roftro npnnnqa Ha MaHro, Ha qu-raHrH. Toaa nlae Ha ,{urraropa ce cBbp3eaue n cbc c yxa 3aHeroBara qnraHcKa etHuqecKa cbu{Hocr, onpeAeMHa KaroAuHrypcKa, r.e. xbriaxapcKa, B auKo-r$4raHcKa. Tesn clyxoBe,qacr or Kor4ro e {nrcupan n K. 9artpo6 (noc. cbt{., c. 35)rceoKa3axa HanbnHo 6esnoqseHu (ex. naparpa$we MaArcama,Pogocao$ue 1). flpn Moure nocer4eHmt a flpaaeq npeA]l10.X1.19B9 r. h c,reA roBa ynopnro ce rHrepecyeax or nMeHa-ra Ha HeKaKBa HeroBa nbpBa cbnpyra npeAn Mapa ManeesaXnaxosa, Koqro eAH,r cA)D(oBe AoKanh3npaxa Karo ceMHKa ornpaBeulKr4re ronu6m, Apyru - Karo 3HarHa KpaBer eAaqKa olTpyp,oeeq (ceno s 6oreerpa4cro), rpern - Karo anatlra uaAro4rtuna. Oxasa ce, qe Hnro eAilH npaoqaHuH, MaKap il Aa eqyn re3r,r cnyxoBe, He Moxe Aa rn norBbp4r,r. [lpocro T. Xus-KoB He e hMaA nbpea )KeHa, nopaAu Koero He ce,o,o6pax n AoseiHure nnneHa!

f-lpes 1985 r. B cpeAure na (DnnocoQcrna n*c:ruryr npuEAH, vurro crpaAa ce HaMilpaue rpalr rpaAuquoHlJnt nbr HaT. Xnsxos ra 6aHr9, ynopr4ro ce 3aroBopr4 3at MnHaBau{n eA-Ha c eA Apyra ABe KoAn, I Kol4ro croq^l4 ABaMa Top,op-Xraa-KoBqr4. Hamepraxa ce u oqeBup,qrn. ,A.'tnro ce uHrePecyoax orBb3MoxHr4n 4soraxux (aro He e 6uno ryrna) Ha To4op Xrae-KoB, 3El Aa nonb Hq oHoMacrilqHara 6norpa$ran xa ,A,,rarraro-

t9pa. Taar,r 3aAaqa ce oKa3a o6aqe nprKo cerlure nnu. Herixoropa3PeueHle tBHo e B KoMneTeHL{r4tTa Ha nO-pa3rOBOpAt4Br4cnlDKurenu or 6raeuero V6O.

[pyrnre clyxoee, AocrnrH:rlu Ao MeHe, 3a Kohro orKpt4xHflKaKBu oHoMacrn'{Hl4 n HeoHoMacrnqHu Sarrra, HaMilpare3uKoBo-lrcroPuqecKa TpaKroBKa no-HaTaTbK B roBa u3^oxe-HUe.

S 5. OATCTOAOT]4flTA B'CTPAHHI4TE'EUOrPAOnn U ABTO6t4OrpAOl4t4 HA TOAOP

Xl4BKOB

l4sucrBaxrqra KbM ecxa 6uorpaQrar il asro6rorpa$mnca n3BecrHn Ha qnrarem. flnure ce 3a poA, poAt4rent,t, poAHoM9CTO, yrilrTenn, coLua^Ho no^oxeHue, npon3xoA, KoMco-MoncKa 4eftHocr, BoeHHa capr6a, napruriua npuHaA exHocru noA. Tesu nilcrBaHng cnep, 1944 r. craHaxa peurnHa npaKril-Ka lr 3ilAb xeHne B nonbnBaHero Ha olDKe6unre AuttHn Kap-ronn. He 4ari o,r 6oxe nnror,r 4a nprxpne ArAo cr, rofiro e6nn nnyxrapuH l4ll4 naHAypl4H no BpeMe Ha ocMaHcKoro Bna-AuqegrBo, KMer r4nr4 crpaxap cAeA ToBa, 6rapxr,rr nnu nncap BroAnHilre Ha Crnporneara ra np.!

Kax crosr o6aqe re3n rnnoBh $anra n 6morpafr,rnre n aB-ro6raorpaQnure Ha T. Xr,reroe? Moxere 4i cparnure caMm:

* Koraro nnue cBoera aero6uorpa{ran npea 1947 r.,.To4op Xneros e na 36 roAnHta, r. e. ou{e cpaBHrrenHo MAaAqoBeK. Ecrecrsexo e n aeto6uorpa{rarra My Aa 6u4e caup-3aHa noHe HanonoBrHa c Heroeara paHHa M aAocr. B rexcraHa asro6norpa{ranra, Korro e or 94 peAa, caMo 12 pe4a cacebp3alHl4 c HeroBnre MAaAexKr roAilHl4, cpe.: "Po4eH cbM Bceno flpaeeq - EorearpaAcKo, s celaelacrao Ha 6e4nn cena-xra. flper'i'929 r.4or,r4ox a Co$r,rr n nocrbnux na pa6ora e,A,rpxaaHara neqarHnqa, B cbt{oro BpeMe cAeABax ra Cpe4Ho-ro rpa$ravecKo yrn4nl4tqe npu .,A,upxaenara nevarHuqa. flpes1930 r. nocrbn[x B KoMcoMoncKara rAKa npta neqarHuqara,Karo cAeA n3BecrHo BpeMe craH:x t4 HeuH cerperap. l-lpes1932 r. npeM[Hax or Komconnona a flaprnera B r. nap. "Ko-

20$ap42xraee xa6op". B crqara roAuHa craHax r ceKperap Hanaprnfr xara rpyna..."(c. 504).

Braxp,a ce, qe T. Xnexos e 6er po,o,ocnoaue. 6ee 4ercrao!B 4pyro cbqrHeHgre (Mna4ocr, HapeqeHa 6op6a, c. 15) cucra-Bnremr Mareri LllonruH e nprBe^ Apyro pasRcneHne na T.Xusxoe 3a HeroB[re xafr-lana4ra roAnHl4: "Cu46ara Ha MoeroAercrBo 14 roHorxecrBo B ceno flpaaeq e cup.,6ara Ha orpoMHo-ro 6onu.rnncrBo Aeqa t.t rclHoul]r e 6unrapcrmre cena B M]rHano-ro. Toga e cup,6a Ha ocKbAnqa, Ha Mn3epht ta HenocnneHrpyA Ha cemHure... Hafi-o6u1o Ka3aHo, a3, Monr 6par r,r cecr-

Pa Ml4 noMaftxMe na rnataxa Mu KaKTo Ha no^eTo, TaKa n B orr-Ae{AaHero Ha xnBorHr4Te Karo nacrrpr,r". B xoHxpernnn cty-qari T. Xusxoe tBHo rsbpAe KbcHo e npueHecb I cBotra aB-ro6raorpaQlrs, a orraM ra e 6r,rorpafrarra cH rltnnqHua o6pasHa repoi or By rapHug cor4u;rlncrnqecKta pealn3bM, r. e. cno-peA Hero MoMtrero To4op Xnsros tBHo Hq,vn HfxAa or 6nor-pa$ras, $rqoro roBa e runnqHa 6r,rorpafr,u- xa 6tnrrapcroroMoMr{e nro6u1o, r,r3BecrHa Ha BceKu (.{nraren)'.

Tosrn nop,1o4 e np],tBHeceH B nbneH BnA H B 4pynare 6ra-orpa{r,r n Ha rA,r,rr,caropa.

s 7. POA,HOTO MflCTOB xaguoxHmre 6r.lorpaQt,tm Ha,A,nrraropa poAHoro Megro,

HtKorauHoro ceno flpae€U, € nocraBeHo I KoHTeKcra Hakafr4yuxna Eanrann (Cr,tx ua cooero BpeMe, c. 271. Tara xo-aurr nrepoft" Ha 6unrapcKns HapoA e nocraBeH B npsKa BpBKac AereHAapHnre xaft4yrn. nB raxaea o6craHosxa n cpeAa -noAqepraBa lliopgan liomot - To4op Xraros ce {opmupa r,ru3pacrBa Karo peBolroqnoxepu.

Tyx e Mgcroro Aa ce noAqeprae, qe ucropnqecKara cra-THcrnKa str HaceneHneTo e MncrnQraqupana ot VI.lAorce, xor,r-ro cro6rqaea, ve flpaeeq nper 1911 r. uma 3000 xurenr,r. Ta-Ka ce noArorBg r{ilTareltr 3a Bepcr4tra, r{e He T. Xraaroa npa-Bn MaAKOTO Ce^qe rparov a ro BltHarl4 cn e 6uno ce^]ru4e orrpaAcKr4 rnn. CrarucrnKara npeAcraan flpaaeq crc cleAHureAaHHlr: 1880 r. - 2 254 x., 1910 - 1254 x.,1926 r. - 1291 x.,1956 r.-941 x., 1965 r. - 1426 x.,1975 r. - 2112 x.,1983 -

2l

26Q1 x. Taxa xanp. fl. Konegapo| n M. MuqeB (flponnennre anMeHara r craryra Ha celnu{ara, C., 1973 r.) cuo6u1asar, qenpes 197A r. flpa$eu,3aeAHo c ronn6ure (r*axanrare) y',paene\c-xa, /pr$nuu,a, MauacmupuL4e u lTonoScxa uiua 1282 x. ToeaHl,lqoxHo e 4ennorpafcKo orHouJeHne cenlrule no npnu{rBKaHa ,A,nmaropa e o6aeeno c yKa3 2190 or 20. X. 1981 r. sa rpaAllpa\eq, Beqe c 3952 x. Taupp,r,r ce, qe uAexra My Aa npeBbp-He poAHoro cr ce^qe B rpaA 6una eHyueHa or HuxumaXpywuoS. Taxa or ManKoro cenqe 6eue npora3oeAeH.6aruauc-Kn rpaA. Eunrapnre cu cnoMHsr roAuHure, Koraro Mara3nHnrexr 6qxa npa3Hx: 6narop,,encrBne cbqecrByBaue car.ao a [1pa-eeq. flo cbu{r4fl HaqnH u pyMbHcKl4tr Ar4Krarop H. VaywecxynpeBbpHa poAHoro cn celqe Crcopnuaenu B oKpbr Onr sbe se-lnKoneneH rpaA c Mara3uHure, c n3o6uanero - reo6u4o, ecruna Ha pyMbHcKara xuBKoBu{r4Ha.

Cenoro fipa$eq (4xec rpa4 tlpa\eQ HeMa nncaHa ucro-pnn. B roAlrHnre Ha nbpol4r B AbpxaBara npaoqaHnH B poAHo-ro My ceno ce cbcraBe HoBa MncrufraqrapaHa Bepcnr 3a npaB-qaHure. Ha roea AepBeHAxr4ricro ceno e nptanucaHo poAoc-AoBue or HtKaKBn getoSanu, Kor4ro 6unr,r nporoHeHlrre or oc-MaHqnre rbpHoBcKlr 6onnpn. Tara runn 6r.rorpa{r,rara xa n{rax-ralopa ce npra6aen u "cnntra Kpre" Ha rupxoeqr,r. Tasra A lrcre-puo3Ha Bepcur ce pa3npocrpaHraa or apxumeKm fiyxo\cxu,xoriro MnHaBa 3ta cerauHlrt lrcropr,rK xa llpaaeq, B Ml4Halnoro- or npaBqaHcKoro o6rpuxexne xa,A,nrraropa e Cofr.u.

Cu6nrunra or 10. Xl. 1989 r. cnacrxa l-lpareq or npeuMe-HyBaHe. Hafi -aeponrHo, aKo .{urraropur 3aBbpuJeue x}rBoracta Ha Bbpxa, roBa celo c xySaeoro reorpaQcxo nne [lpd&eq :npaBdq'npae nur'; yAapeHnero ce orMera Karo B Kdmen orxomdta, BpALla or SpamqA n noA. (eepoarHo. qeue p,a 6r4enpeKpbcreHo na XuSxoSo nnn Togop XuBxoSd.

S S. XI4TE\CKOTO 14MEXrrencroro uMe e Ha3BaHhero, c KoeTo ca no3HaTu xl4-

renure xa 6urrrapcxure celuu{a,rnn nanapgxuKuuu u nanapgxu-vauu, to$aaHAuu n ao$aau4u, coQunnqu, nto&gu$uauu, tncxo\upn AgcxoSqauu h noA.

22Xrrencro nne npa\uaHq npon3BeAeHo or uMero Ha poA-

Horo celo flpA\et4,4ericraurenHo e 3anilcaHo e 6r,rorpa{rar,rrexa ,A,nmaropar cpe: npu A. MemogueS, Cnn xa cBoq HapoA,(c.27): "B Herosnre (na T. Xraeros - 6ea. L5'.) 4ercrra cbHr4u{au{e o)Krsqear AereHAapHure repor4 ot npaSuauu - cbparHul4r4Ha B. Aeecril, yqacrHnqm s SoreBara uera"; fi. lilomoS,6uor-pafraven oqepK (c.7): "Cgo6o4ono6nanre n HenoKopnn npaS-qaHU 3an[c8:lT nMeTo Ha cBoeTo ce^o I repourtHl49 AeTonilc HaHaqhoHanHooceo6o,a,urenHoro ABilxeH ue Ha 6unrapcKt4fl Ha-poA"...tt ronKo3.

BraxAa ce, v-e xurencKoro nMe Ha .,A,'nrcraropa, [MeHHonpa$uauun ce 3Hae caMo or HeroBnre 'lpa.nexn Ato4e", "6ora-rypure", Konro crotxa oT ABere crpaHlt Ha npaBqaHcKara Myrpanem. B nrareparypara o6ave xnrelcKoro une npa$uauuxHe ce ynorpe6r HHTo BeAHr'x Ao rmero xa To4op Xnaxos.Tora ue 6eue, He craHa p,opr,r nucropuqecKnt npaevaHux". Ta-3ta e npuqnHara Heroaoro xrrelcKo ]rMe ,a,a 6q4e HanbAHoHerl3Becrxo Ha HappAa, Koriro My l43Mr4cn!r roAKoBa MHoroApyrn uMeHa u ennreru (ex S 24). Tara nopa4m Auncara HaxurencKoro taMe B pa3roBopHara 6rnrapcra peq ce poA[xaonpeAe^eHnqTa, npo[3BeAeHr - HanPaEo oT ce^nu{HoTo nMeIlpa6eq, ilMeHHo: "npa\ewrama ncrujta xa To,qop XnBKoB","npaSewxun cetnHutl', nKocra4rn t{arupoa e Bb3n[TaHrK Hanpa\ew rcun aocnogutl' (PaArao Co$ran, 2 7.1X.1 990 r., 7 .45 .raca).Mxoro nonyMpeH 6er-ue 4opr,r cAeAHne aHe\Aor, pa3npocr-paHqBaH npes 1987 r. "[lpaeeq 6up:o ce orpaxAal c B]tcoKacreHa..., 3a Aa He Moxelo Apyro npa\ewKo eoBego 4a ur6araor raM". (Dopnaara npaBvauun, Korro qD( Aa ce ynorpe6gBa orHaKOU r4HrennreHrn, e Pe3yrar orcBPbxcrapaHue: npn c^yqan-r€, Koraro cenilu{H}rre }rMeHa ca o6pasyoann c HacraBKa -eq,npou3BoAHr4re uMeHa o6urcHogeHo ce o6pasyear 6es rasnHacraBKa llpa\eq - npa$uanu, AncxoSeq - AncxoEraaxu, Ao\ev -AoSrtauu.

. HenonynapHocrra Ha xurelcKoro uMe npa$vauu e AoBe-,€ Ao TnnnqHa naPoHl4MHa rPeuKa ll B HaACAOBa Ha CpaBHn-TeAHo no-H3oecrHoro npaBqaHcKo Becnlnue llpa$ewxu aac,BMecro roqHoro llpaSuaucxu uac. C roea crpeu€Ho nMe, n3-Mlac,reHo .He 6es yqacr]4ero Ha BeqHo crpaAau{un or Aancyc

23nuHrBe T. Xnaroe, BegrHlrKbr H3nu:l:l 20 ro4uxr,r no BpeMe HaAnl$arypara lr eAHa roAmHa cAeA ro8a.

Xurencroro nne npa$vauuu tpn6n Aa 3aeMe roqHoroMqcro a 6u4euqure 6uorpa$r,rr,r ma ,A,urraropa, Kor4To, npeA-nonaraM, rA8au{nTe noKo^eHt4t u{e qeraT c He no-ManKoyAr,rB eHne or Hac, cbBpeMeHHt,tr,{nre, Tbneeu{il npeA 6enureno^eTa B )Kr4BKoBCKnt naHerepuK.

S 9. POAHATA rwil[AAAB rrrounuqrare (Sr,rorpaQraueH oqepK, c. 11); Mna6ocr,

HapeqeHa 6op6a (c.1t;, Xp. Mouuucxu, M. 6onue8 B no4xo-xrero (c. 64) poAHara Maxam Ha,A,nrraropa e npeAcraBeHa cnrvte Enawa. Tononur'lrr He e rbAKyBaH ApyraAe, oc8eH e 6M-rapcKr4 ernMolornqecKn per{Hur, r. I (C., 1971 r., c.4BB), ru-Aero ce r,f3BexAa or nMero Ha AbpBoro e'ta labies albal, c nac-raBKa -au Karo B 6yriu, uanuuiw u noA. Tara runryeano,nMeTo He oTroBapfl Ha pea^HaTa e3uKosougropnqecKa n re-peHHa o6craroera a parioxa.

Maxanara Enwa B Ml4Haloro e 6rana xonra6apcro cenr-r4e KbM l-lpaaer4, AHec ce HaMupa B Herootas AoAeH ceBepon3-roqeH xpari, a MoqyplnBl4 Mecra, npecylxaBaHu or ronn6apn-re. Enara He pacre B Morrypr4l{a. Cne,a,oaarenHo, Hannqe eMecrHo ilne Enawa, o6paayaaxo or AuaneKr+oito eAa, dtwa,(alnus), pacleHne no Myqypnqa ra rpafi peKn, or Koero ca o6-pa3yBaHn MHoro MecrHr4 uMeHa e 6unrapcxara e3uKoBa repn-ropr4e, xato Etdwe, E,rdwxa e Oxpr,r4cxo-l-lpecnaucro (ex. 84.fljan xa, Tonoxomacrr Kara Ha Oxpra4cxo-fl pecnancrnor 6a-sen, Cronje 1970, c.1661, Eaaxa, Erdxo, EaiAqume - Ha MHoroMecra nr brnrapur.

ErumonornsyBaHo, nMero npeAcraet 3aceloaHero Ha npa-BerrKhre xonr6apr,r e xai-xeq4paBocloBmara qacr Ha ilpa-BeurKoro 3eMAuu4e. !.,o,qHec npaBqaHu Hapuqar MoKpnre qac-Tn Ao enaula Mnd.xama - ot *ud.xa I npaBqaHcrnr roeop 'rtlo-

rryPAl4BO MgCrO" CbU40 TaKa rBbpAe qecro B 6unrapcrara rono-HnMt4e, cpB. Hanp. MtAxama, MoqypMK xpari c. Pacoeo, Aot',t-cxo, MnAxurne - BAaxHu AtaBaAu rpari ,A,onHo Ornpoeo, 6ep-KoBcKo 'r Ap.

24'

Xuexoaqu ca 6nntl KbcHyr 3:lcenHuqr4 or maxanara Ena-tua; ycrpon^n Cu Aor"r (Curqr,rsT To3l4 p,ot',t, xotiro 6er-ue npe-sbpHar a myseraHa c6rapra sa T. Xr4sroe) nper MnHanltt BeK Be4r,rn rpari na EnAwa 6o MtAxama, roriro e cel eliHara rono-Hnnue no calrAerelcrBoro na 6a6a Lt\ema \ansapoScxa, nbpBa6paroeve4ra ua ,A,urraropa, ce Haprqal flcdxa (no eannc HaraHfopr',raroprara "6a6a Byua, roqro 6elue Moe 6a6a r,r naToluxo, Haphqaure Mtcroro cu flcaxa"). Ermnnonorugra Ha uMe-ro e npocra, or ryp. yasak, uecto e 6lnrapcxr,rre roeopl,r c'bu{or,ato scAx 'ra6paHexo Mecro, 6paxrarqe, sa6pana'(cpa. noro-BopKara 3a enng tcaK HtMa,'crpaxa, aap,o,au') H. fepo\, PeqHuxna 6unrapcKne e3uK, finoe,qna 1904, r.5, c.618). ]4mero eqecro Karo ronoHnM/ cpe. flcaxt - rpaAuHl4 xpari Spnroeo,flcAt4ume- Hueu rpari lpa4r,rxa (r,r 4nere cela - s fltpeomaric-Ko).

TonoHmr"rur, 3€rnoMHeH s cel el4creo Xu9xo&u-\ansapo&c-,(u e cbu{ecrBeH 3a Bb3craHoBeHara tacropug Ha poAa Xnsro-814 14 3:r Bb3craHoBeHara tacropue Ha rpaA l-lpaaeq. Pa3verena,e3uKoBoncropuqecKara r,rH{opr"raqrat B Hero e cleAHara: ce-Aneficreoro Ce e:|acentano B MecrHocrra BepogrHo cAeA Karo rrle npecraHana4a 6up,e 6pauut4e, scax.6nnae tcaK, sa6paneHoMflcro, 3:ru4oro a Heg Hali-aeposrHo e 6nna AepBeHAxt4tlcraracrpaAa Ha na3aqure, Gu{o r,r3BecrHa c uMero gcax. Ot ucropt4-rra e r43BecrHo, r{e caMoro ceno llpa\eq e ceno xa gep\en-gxuu, Ha ecaLlu c AHeueH cuHoHl4M Sapgauu ua npoxogu. Cne1oceo6ox.o,eH nero rcaLlu m e, 6pan ra qara o6[xH oseHo ca 6nnutsarpa6aaHr,r or celgHr4re, npeAr AbpxaBara unvr o6u4rauara Aacloxr,r pbKa sbpxy tnx. B cemefiHoro npeAaHue e pa3npocrpa-HeHa Bepcrrra, qe flcarur e 6nn yrMor Ha 6a6a Byna,6a6a HaT. Xneroa, Ho no AaHH,r Ha ronoH[Ma no-BepoqrHo e ro3t4nMor Aa e 6ran aarpa6ex or EaxrapoBqil, npn Kouro 6a6a By-sa e 6nna oMbxeHa HenocpeAcrBeHo cAeA Ocao6ox4exrae-TO.

B nereH4ure, pa3npocrpaHflBaHu cb3HarenHo cpe4 6un-rapcKr4r HapoA, HaceleHuero Ha Maxanara Enau:a ce npeAcra-Bgrue Karo eAHaKBo 6e4ro, 6es xnro eAilH no-&lMoxeH qo-

BeK, 3a Aa ce noAqeprae 4un6oro nponerapn3npaHara cbul-Hocr Ha To4op Xneros xaro o6errneua 6norpa$rvHo rene-n4qHa qepra. Aopur cbM c,ryt.tran TaKnBa cunorn3Mt4, nocrPoc-

25BaHu or connAHn yqeHn Karo'ocM:rnncta n tononumncta QcuCmoilxoS:rrl lloM Enaua e roAKoBa eAHaKBo 6e4na, qe Aa Hr-Ma Huro eAnH no-3aMoxeH qoaeK, roraea rpr6sa Aa clr 3aAa-AeM Bbnpoca, Kor4 ca eAHaKBo 6e4xr,rre KBapril 14 a 6unrapc-Knre cenuu{a. Orroeoprr e eAuH - "qurancrnTe". Taxa orHoBoce cb3AaBauJe qrraHcKara Bepcrg 3a npou3xoAa Ha T. Xras-KoB Karo c-bBceM noruqecKo npoT[BonocTaBtHe Ha u3Mucne-Hara paoHa 6e4xocr npu xtarelnre Ha Enar-ua. Tarasa 6e-AHocr p,efrcrourenHo cbqecrByBaue B qlrraHcKnre M:xaln, HoEnaura ne e 6nna raKaBa. flo4 nrxara 3a HeliHoro HaceneHnea 6r,rorpaQurure Ha rA,nrraropa crotr raKuBa {arcnr, Karo Hanp.MeuHuqama (He aop,eHur-lara) xa Bacnn Bnrroa, KogTo caMa noce6e cra npeAcraBq co6creexnxa e no-,a,o6pa coqu:rnHa cBer-nuxa. Camoro cennericreo Xnexoen cbu.lo raKa He BuHar[ e6rano 6ep,Ho. hro6u1o, AereHAara 3a paaHara 6e4Hocr HanpaBqaHnre ot Eaawa 6er-ue Heo6xo,r,r.u"ra Ha 6raorpa{nre, raAa cBAaAar e4r.rx o6pas Ha coqtaanHo onpeAenex or o6croR-relcrBara lr ycnoBurra peBonror{r4oHep, 6opeq 3a coqnalHanpaBAa r 6narop,excra[e. Taxa no-necHo ce npoBexAaule nor caMnq .A,urrarop Ar,rHuqra 3a paBHara 6e4xocr xa 6unrapc-Knn HapoA noA ynpameHnero Ha 6naro4excrByBau{araEbpryuKa oKono n norpara Hero.

s 10. PoAocAoBvrETop.,r.rrraropnre o6urxoeeHo ca AB:l BnAa: eAHnre ullar u3-

Mr4cneHo poAoc oBne, Apyrlire HflMar HrKaKBo. C ntpavrrrun poAocnoBne Hanp. e Anrcaropbr xa lOrocnasun l/locun6poc Tumo. flo roan noBoA Enn lOpyxoea (qnr. cbq., c. 2) nvr-rue: 'A Trro u HeroBure MapfioHerKu cboceM rpnxlilBo ca pa-6orenr HaA BapuaHrure 3a BeqHo KaMylrucrnqecKo rocnoAcr-Bo, Koero e BKAloqBaAo n BHnMareAHo paapa6orennt Mt,tT 3aHeroBara AuqHocr. Mxoro rpyAHo cera, B ilMero Ha ucropn-qecKara vcrnla, u-{e ce orKpr4e Hari-Henpae4ono4o6xurr aa-praHr. Harl-rparirrrtr or rflx e, qe ca cbqecrByBanu AaamaAyuJH c nmero Tnro. E4nxurr or rex e 6nny6ur, a Apyrnqr el43Mr4cAeH u cb3AaAeH, 3auloro e 6un xeo6xop,um. Ctr-qecrey-Bar n AoKa3arelcrBa. Ha ucruscrvrg Turo npt,t eAHa pa6ornra-

26qecKa craqKa crpyrbr My orcrKbn npbgra Ha pbKara... Tori e sa-Bbpul4^ noAo+nqepcKo ;,.rn^l4u4e 3:leAHo c Mnpoc^aB Krpne-xa n... Alon0 Xrarnep. Turo ato6u4e He e yr{acrByg:rl s Ox-ronnapnricrara peBonpque. B brcus e 6nn, Ho caMo B rpaAOmcr, n ro 3a Aa yqacrByea E Apyr BnA peBonroqnq... ceKcyaa-uara. 3naqr ge nMeHara Ha cuHoBere My - Kupu,t, Cepaoxa,I\ocun, B,ragunup u.6agexup... ,A,pynaar Tumo e e*u1nocr Flo-cun Maxap Wowa. Wnn ,4n6pos. Tori e Aoub^ or VHrapr,rn.Vlvan e raM 6par. Hraxora He ro e noceu{aBal, npocro He eno)Kenan roea. Koraro 6par My noquHal, rofi nrnpau{a caMo6yrer qBerg".

3a po4oc,roanero'Ha T. Xr4sros'He ce 3Hae Huu{o, 3aqo-To gBHo caMntr rori e noxemn roBa. Tarn e npuvuxara 6uor-paSrare My Aa 3aMeHgr poAa My c Mr4Tl4rrHl4n r en4ueH xatr-AyruKrf SaruaH @. MemogueS, Cun Ha cBoero BpeMe, c. 271,cnoMeHar n no-HanpeA B r43no)KeHuero. Taxa poAocnoB[eroHa Xnexoe t,r3ll,r3a or Hxt4oro, or enoca, 3a Aa ce noqor4 ceAuH eAuHcrBeH npapoAnre^, HeroBAA p8Alo, r43BecreH B cBe-Ta Karo cronerHuK. t4 ronrog. Cunpoaoxj,ar ro ABe-rpu npu-Ka3Ku ia mafira, 6arqa, 6par, cecrpa n 3ar eAHa eAnHcrBeHaaHoHl4MHa AeAg, nogBr4na ce I cnoMeHa "Cnep, ToAKaBa roAu-Hh" Ha Bacuaa fyp1oSa (Mna4ocr, HapeqeHa 6op6a, c.171, aAa noAqeprae c pa3Ka3a cn HeBepotrHara 6e4xocr Ha yqeHo-ato6ilelaq cn nAeMeHHur. B 6uorpa{ur,rre Ha .A,nrraropa po-AocnoBnero My e 3aMeHeHo c o6rqra npuKa3K[ sa "cao6op,o-nto6nsnre il HenoKopHn npaBqaHu", Kol4To "3anncBar r,rMeroHa cBoeTo ceno I repourrHr4g AeTonilc Ha Hau,[oH:Inoceo6op,r,r-renHoro ABr4)KeHue xa 6unrapcrun Hapo4u (Eraorpa$ravenoqepK, c. 7). Tara c ro3r4 rlynoBar crAorn3bM 6raorpaSur t7l.lZoroa BHyuaBa Ha qnrarent, qe poAocloonero My npoh3xox-Aa oT feponqHhTe npaBqaHn, Kol4To nbK ca cbcraBHa qacr HareponqHnre 6urrrapr,r. Cuecell ecrecrBeHo e or raKoBa "repo-l4r{Ho poAocnoBlte" - npaBqaHcro r 6unrapcKo - Aa ce poAl4repoer Ha HPE To4op Xr,rsros!!! 3aroBa 6norpaQnnra Ha.A,rarraropa 3anoqsa 6er roHxperHo poAocloBne, Hanpaoo cHeroBure npeKu poAurenn (Eraorpa{raveH oqepK, c. 10), Hesa-Br4cr4Mo or Beqe ny6nr,rryeaHara u3Mtacnnqa Ha K. t{arupoa(Bropraar erax,c. 35), cpe.: 'Toi nnHoro o6u,{a.ue Aa ce ulery-Bo, A? cu cnoMHR ceon po4". .

27Pesynrarn or oHoMacruqHoro npoyqBaHe, npoBeAeHo c

yqacrnero Ha nHQopnnarop[re \cu Cmoixo6, ocnnauncr m ro-noHnMucr e lzlHcrnrlna :n ucropurt npr,r 6AH, Q6ema LlSauo&aXpucmo\a-\ansapo\cxa (84 r.), nbpBa 6paroeve4ra Ha .A,rarra-ropa, llSan MapuuoS-Eexun 176 r.), nupen 6paroevep, no nbpBaxeHa HA ,A,nrraropa, Hailgeu Ha1genoS - npece^Hrr e flpa-Beq, rAaBeH cneqilanhcr B orAen Hapo4xa npocBerarr, Beca 6o-sapoBa, 6nsua yqurelKa, apx. lyxo\e,ru, 6uew rAaBeH apxu-reKT Ha CoQua, ycraHoBr4: B l-lpaaeq nMa MHoro Xit\xohqu,Ho Karo KoMnaKTHa rpyna re ca crBceM pa3nr4rrHn ot XitSxoS-qume, or Kor4ro npou3nl,r3a p,,rarraropur. Omonmnnsr4gT Ha AnK-raropcKr4t pog XilSxo\qu 3anoqBa c eAuH npecenHuK or Maxa-pa Pd&na, roriro ce npu3ern^ I Mixalara XilSrco\cromo (Xi-$xo$qu). B rtloMexra He Moxe Aa ce yroqHn Aa^n xeHara, npr4Koqro ce e npecennn 3ergr or PaeHa, e 6rana or KoHKperHr,rflcrapoceAencxn XuBxoBcxu pog, aau4bro roaa npecelBaHe ecKoporxHo cAeA n3qe3eaHero Ha crapnre XiSxo1qu or M:xa-nara. Tara qe, AHec B ce^o l-lpaaeq uNra n Apyr poA XilBxo$c-xu (2), roiro npaBqaHn npta Bcl4trKl4 clytrata pa3rpaH[qaBar orpoAa Ha Top,op Xnsroe. Tol,t po4 AocKopo r,tso6qo He e 6m,rno3Har c poAoBoro nne XitSxohtqu.

. Po4ur na Togop XuBxoS XuBrco&cxu (1) a l-lpaaeq e u3aec-reH c poAoBoro npo3Blrqe 3auQilpxao$qu. 3auQuprao9qu(3 auSil prcrc8cru) npor,rrxoxAar or Maxala Xi 6xo6t4u (Xi6xoBc-rcomo), Kogro 4ericranrenHo e no rrxHoro He MHoro crapo po-AoBo uMe XuBxohu,u (XuSxoScrume). Maxaaara Xneroeqn cecbcroqna or 2-3 Kbu{u Ha tor or cenoro HaA M. lGqannara. Ko-nu6arur crou Ao 4xec, E4raH nMor B Ta3ta Maxala ce BoAn Ha3 auSu px aohqu. h mero Ha M.x.rnara Xu Sxo\tqu (Xu Sro\cxo mol,KaKro ce Ka3a, e no poAoBoro HMe XuBxoS4u (XuSxo\cxul,xarro uso6lqo ce Ha3oBaBar xonra6apcxure cenru-la B To314rpari (cpe. fiotdpoScxomo, lldno\crcomo Kpai flpaaeq no po-Aoaere Sotapo\cxu, llono\cxu. B ceno flpaaeq BcrqKn poAoBr4nMeHa uMar 3aBbpueK Ha -cK4 cpB. Konapcxu, fiyxo$cxu, Ty-e\cxu, Tpruuuxo&crcu, Mauo\crcu, 6ypb8cxu, HauoScxu, 9op6anc-xu, Bacuaxto\crcu, Ilanvo$cxu, fiosapcrcu, XuSxo\cxu, 3aufuup-xao&cxu lt noA. l4anero Ha KopeHrl{we Xit$xo\qu u Ha np}reM-Hl4qnre or Max:rna PasFra He u{e Aa e MHoro crapo, :Jaluloro BCeAOTO ],lM;l HegCeH CnOMeH, qe XOpaTa OT Ta3n MaXaAa Ca Ce

28Ka3BaAr n Awapohtqu (AwapoScrcu).lA taxa, poAocioBrero Ha

.A,,rarraropa 3anoqBa or rati-nnanKara Maxala na llpaeeq -

Xu%xo\qu, XuSro\cxomo, Kogro B AaneqHoro MhHaAo ce e Ha-pr4rfana u Awapo\t4u. flomuHtrut Ha Xneroaqu e 6un B Haqa-Aoro rrttyKaqecrBo", KoBaqecrBo u MaAKo 3eMeAeîle B Hen-AoAopoAHl,rre HuBuqn oKono Max:Inara. flpe4nonara ce, qe canpecenHnqu Her3BecrHo ortGAe a flpaaeq npe3 nocneAHrre

AeceTr4êrug Ha ocMaHcKoTo EâAuqecrBo.Po4ur Xneroaqu noqrn ce npeKparul oule B Kpaq Ha oc-

MaHcKoro po6crao - oqengn caMo eAnH xnBKoBeq Ha l4MeTogop 3auQupxto, rofrro cl93b or XuaroBcKoro B celoro 14

ce-o)KeHnn n Byna, BAoBl4qa aa feopzu (fepn) 6ans-apo8, c 4

Aeqa: l48an, 6auqa Ha Moera un{opnnaropra 6a6a [aera,Huro,ta, faua, or*xeHa y Crann6olcKl4, 14 oule eAuH c14H, qne-

ro nMe He cbM or6engsan. B4oeuqara Byna 6rana MHoro no-rolgMa or Top,op 3ar"r$r,rprso. Cnep, 6paxa cr c Hero rt npe-paxAa ou4e ABe Aeqa - Xpucmo (Pracruo), 6aqara Ha ,A'r'rrra-iopa, u lleua, neror,a_nem, oMbxena y Myrafvnricrrare.Jarapo4rr Xu\xoScru, npncaAeH Bbpry uMor Ha a4oenqara Byxa,ce Bb3caaHoBtBa B rBbPAe orpaHnqeHu Pa3Mepn: Xpucro-Xrasroerre HacêAHnqu ca 6parnra feopeu u Togop XuBxoBu.

Tara pop,ocnoBnero xa 6unrapcrun p,nloarop Mo)Ke Aace npocleAu or T. Xusxos Ao HeroBl4g npaAeAo Xpncro, r. e.B pa3croeHr4e Ha oKolo 120 r. B poAa Hrf,ra Hxulo rePoxtlro,

AOpn x npx nocJreAH]|c noToi bx - carr'rnn.,A,[KTaTOp.Cne4 6paxa xa Xpucmo TogopoS 3auQupxro\cxu n Mapy-

qa !,pi;&nuwr(a poAbr 3:lnoqaa Aa ce Hapnqa c ABe ycnopeAHuuMeHa 3auSiprrcScxu u Mapyu,uru. Cur4aeaHero Ha poAool4r4MeHa no uMe Ha nnatira, 6a6a e pa3nPocrpaHeHa npaKruKa BnpaaqaHcKara oHoMacrura. Tara eAltH or rax{opnnaroPnre Mt,tB rooa ceno - l48an MapunoS - e no3Har u c ycnopeAHoro ct4nnte 6euun, no [Mero xa nnatira cu 6ena.

l4mero Xu\xoScrcu (Xu\ro\qul, no-prlAKo Xit$xoSu, ceBb3CfaHoBgBa B npaBqaHcKaTa aHTponoHuMl4g c eA n3oopuTeor 1946 r., Koraro T. Xnexoe 3anoqoa Aa npaBil BneqarleHneHa crcentHilre cu c 6upsrar xoA KbM Bbpxa Ha n[paMuAara.

29

s r r. ETHorpAooHl4MHOTO OnPEAB\EHI4EB EUOrPAOl4flTA HA AI4KTATOPA

[lo4, ernorpa{oHr,r,rn ce par6npa ernorpa{croro Ha3Ba-Hue Ha xurentaTe or 6unrapcxnre o6lacrn Kara uonu, noMaqul*anqu, A'tugL1u, KanaHqu t,t noA.

B rpr,rnroroBopa Ha 6unraprare u oco6exo B peqra Ha He-roBrire 'lpaueuu" clfxnrenn or MBP 6er-ue parnpocrpaHeHonMero Tdwo Wdna t,tlta qecro cano Wdna. Toea nme o6ur-HoBeHo ce cobp3Baue c u3KoHHara uJoncKa cpeAa xa CoQr,trra CoQraicro, KbAero 6erue ce4aalu4ero Ha,A,urraropa. CBbp-3Baure ce "c HeroBng roBop, xonro BbB Bcl4r{Kr4 cnyqan, u3nbn-HeH C MHOrO rpeluKr4 Ha e3UKa l,| Ha nePOTO, Ce OnPeAeAtUe3a nujoncKiln,

llo nponsxo4T. Xraaxoe He e [xon. Taxa o6aqe ce 6eue3:ruHarnn 4a pe{opr*upa, rnacuQuqupa, paxAa, repMuxo^o-rn3npa ta 3aMa3Ba coq]ran]r3Ma (sa Hero coquanustual, qe rpa-Ar4l.ll4oHHnre cpaBHeHr4t a 6tnrapcrnt e3nK (uuam Kamo won;gtp\ex won; MaxHu eo mot uron) sanouHaxa Aa ce cBbp3Bar BKpnnroroBopa c HeroBoro nMe.

s 12. nPn3PAKbT HA '.UYI(ArtUTE',

Tara nnn uHaqe, q[raHcKara Bepc]rt 3a AaneqHnt npou3-xoA Ha T. Xr4sros cbnpoBoxAa HaBcinGAe HeroBara Henu@-na 6norpafun. B rpnnroroaopa no BpeMe Ha AuKrarypara ceynorpe6reaxa onpeAeneHut Karo'npaSew xu u,Lt?aH u H','tru uzy-puH om fTpa\eq', 'npaSewxun xonanapo r np. l-lrpeoHarralHonpeAnolarix, qe I KoHKperHur cayvati 6rnrapcxnar HapoAnpocro n3pa3tBa no ro3r4 HaquH HeraTilBHoTo cl4 oTHoujeHlteKbM nbpBl4r ynpaBHnK Ha crpaHara. flocae ce noApeAuxa Ht-rom {arrn, Kor4To nNoc ocHoBHl,rre anTpononornqecKil oco-6eHocrra Ha ,A,urraropa Me HaKapaxa Aa ce 3aMuclr HaA Ha-poAHara noroBopKa g Kpywama/ Kogmo cu u^naAa onawxa. Cny-qariHa AH e aHarnornqra vr c 6uorpaQrrra Ha pyMl'HcKr4r A,rK-rarop?! 6. Kapgawed e 'Munocr 3:r r4r4raHuren (Ay",a, 6p. 23,1990, c. 3) nuue no ro3r4 Bbnpoc: "B Eyrcyperq xari-Hoeoro n

30Hafi-romMo ocKbp6neHile cpeqy 6usuus Ar4Krarop Hnronae9ayuecry e, qe I xnnnre My e reKftt qnraHcKa rprr".

lA taxa, Aa rpbrHeM or clyxoBere, onpeAeneHnnra, aHa-Aorurre ta cpaBHeH[RTa KbM "onauJKara", Kogro orBexAa Bn Pa 8etx KaTa p,e racrerrenx ocr.

Ituzaucrcama Maxaua Ha l-lpaeeq e cpaeHnrenHo HoBa, oc-HoBaHa or 6urapcru u rypcKr4 quraH[ c uMeHa Ocuano\qu,{eqo&qu, MapxoSu,u, Kypmo\tqu, Vmo64u, KoxoweBqu. KaroKoMnaKrHo Mtcro ce e HaMnpaM raM, KbAero cera e 6anraraHa flpaoeq (Ha 0.5 KM toxHo or qexrupa). Sueapocume queaHuca6nnn KpbcmeHer-lq r. e. Bcl4rrKl4 Ao eAHH noKpbcreHlr. B no-A:rler{Horo Ml4Hano quraHnre xnBenn a m. Tdpuw8eq. Har,r-crapara qacr or KpbcTeHrqrre (sa umero BX. npil Cm. LlnueS,Peqxur Ha AntrHnre n SamnnHn nMena y 6urrapnre, C.,1969r., c. 280) 6nnn 4e,qure Ha AHeuHuq PoA \ouue\qu, npneMaHnBeqe r3qtno sa 6urapu. Pa6orenr Karo BpereHapm. Snan cu-ceAr4 Ha Xnaroeqn. He ce 3Hae orKbAe ca Aotrllr4. !,pyr xptc-reHrulKr4 poA/ KaKro n3rnexAa, ca Milaenqumg npr4Aorrll4 or-rur* Cartaoxos. 6uln KoBar{r, npaBeln cBpeAenu.

fipaeuaHn Hapuqar KpbcmeHguprne c uMero qyKa.tu, r.e.cbc cl4HoHr4nn na o6r4o6urapcroro xoSauu, Koraro ce orHacqra 6unrapcrc4re qnraH[. E4nx or craphre poAoBe Ha qyKaqumee AwApoBu, Kor4ro MbrHr4er cnoMeH crbp3Ba c Xil$xo\t"1u.

OcanaHucrur Tcn Cror,rxoe Ml4 e pa3Ka3Ba oqe npeAn1980 r.3a roBa, qe B HeKaKBa Koonepaqlrt B cronnr4ara T.Xmaxoe npeAr 1944 r. ce 6un 3anrcn noA nMero flwapo|.Aro roaa ce yAocroBepra or 6r4er.r4rare 6raorpafra na,A,rarraro-pa, c eABa Bbnpocbr: cnf.raeH An e ro3,r Qan, nnn uMa Ht-KaKBa Bpb3Ka c poAoBara aHrponoHnMun Ha p,urraropa, no-TorrHo - cbc 3arnoMHeHoro a [paeeq KpbcreHguKo nMeAwApo$u.

,A,nec xe 3HaeA^ xori e nbpor4rr Xil1xo B poAa xa TogopXu$rco*. He e rpyp,no o6aqe Aa Bb3craHoBlrM no AaHHn Hae3yrKa ra3il xpoHonornfl. 3Haem 3a KpbcreHguJKara ucropuc HanpaaeuKfire 6wvapcru queaHu, Ha qyKaqume. Te xRrora, B on-peAeneHo BpeMe, e rpr6eaao Aa craHar xpncrheHr4. Tosa e6uao gusnnoxHo eA[HcTBeHo B cao6o4Hara 6tnrapcra Abpxa-Ba, 3:uLloTo r4c^'Mbr HaKa3Ba cbc cMbPT Bc9Ko MyPTaAcrBo(orcrbnnex tae or MrocronMaHcrBoro). Cne4oearelno, nbpBr4gT

31

XuSxo ule Aa ce e norsr4n xenocpe,qcreeHo cAeA Oceo6ox-AeH[ero ]r roaa ule Aa e 6nn xe 6aqara, a AtAoro na To..o,op3a,rnfrapxuo, 3au{oro 3HaeM nMero Ha HeroBut cran Xpmcro.flo erqna cayvariHocr,qeracrenRra no noKpbcroaHero Ha qnra-Hure B EoreerpaAcKo ca AoKyMeHrnpaHu or cbBpeMeHHrKa HaroBa 3HaMeHarenHo,tBneHne Toua BacuttoS, torasa ceKperapHa opxaHhricruq oKpbxeH HaqaAHnK. Cnonnennre cu noAHaAc oB "l(ar qnrannre graHaxa 6unrapra npeA[ 60 r." T. Ba-o4nboB ny6nr,rxyna Bsg B. "Pu,ra" (12.11.1934); gx. t,t CnomeHn yr^uqa sa *6wnn nper XIX u XX s. (C.,1934, c. 362-364); Xr,r-Bor r cnoMenra (C., 1938, c. 320-322\. Ero a pesonne n cr'6n-ruero no pa3Ka3a Ha cbBPeMeHHuKa.

l-lper 1877 r. oKpbxeH HaqaAHnK na Opxaxne (Soregr-pa$ e pycKr4qr nnar,top Co3u, "xepaeH il cep[o3eH .roBeK". 'hKo

H He or pycKr4 npor3xoA - nnuJe 3:r Hero T. Bacunuoe - 6euer4cnrHcKr4 pycr4H 14 MHoro xa6oxeH... Heroea 3arBerHa Meqra6eue Aa ce o6rpne opxaxnicrara AxaMilq B npaBocnaBHar{bpKBa u ga ce noKpbcmtm mypcKume quzaHu. Tor,r o6a..re HeMoxa Aa B[Ar4 c6u4naro Huro eAHoro, Hr4ro Apyroro, 3alqorocneA HtKoAKo Meceqa 6u4e yeonxeH. 3arrnecrH,tKbr Ha Co3n,raa pp,e fr cxrarr qa6.cxa n n"ran M u po \rJ% n poAbnxu H aqeH aroroor npeAujecrBeHuKa MyAeAo, Ho ycnn Aa ro ocbu{ecrBn caMono orHoueHlre Ha noxptcm\anemo Ha queaHLlme".3atypcrcumequeaHu no oHoga BpeMe T, Bacunuoa cro6r4aua, r{e roBopenta6unrapcrra u He 3Haelu rypcKlt. "Pa3luqasaxa ce -'npoAb xa-sa rori - or 6urapcKnre caMo no roBa, qe Hocexa qamnn. J4nbpBnre, n eropnte 6nxa p,o6pr,r cBnpqu m KoBaqn... Men caMr4 r43BecrHn 4o6pr,r 6unrapra cry6aau Alrqa or qnraHcKu npo-H3xoA. Me)qy rrx n ,rnari HrKor4 c Bl4ctle o6pasoaaHrae. BueBpeMe xa Brcraurero n Ocso6o44ennero (1876-18771 nr,-clo^MaHcKr4re qnraHn Ha HgKol4 Mecra ua Frnrapur yc^lD(BaxaHa rypqure r npaBurelcreoro npu rHereHero xa 6unrapcKoroHaceAeHile, Karo Bbpuexa urnnoHax, nmqKa, o6rap... fiporr,raopxanuricrure ql,traHu HfMalxe HuKaKBo o6enxexue, Ta HanoKaHara Aa craHar xpt4cruqHn, orHaqalo orKa3axa. Ana xa-qancraoro 6e uenpexnoHHo. Mr,rpoanv cr6pa MbxKHre Bb3-pacrHm qnraHn 14 Koe c y6ex4enrae/ Koe cbc 3annauaaHe, yc-nq Aa cnoMr4 rflxHoro ynopcrBo. Cne,q roaa sb3loxl4 Ha eAnHcBeu-{eHnK Aa rta 3ano3Hae c 6u4eu-1ara uM Brpa ta orBopr4

32noAnr4cKa 3a cb6r4paHe Ha HID(Hara 3a qe^Ta cyMa, KaTo caMBHeCe AecerhHa xb^nrqu. E4nn xe4eneH AeH npe3 AeKeMBpl,l1878 r. abt,tqru opxaxuficr]r quraHu, crapn ]r MAaAn, Mbxe !lxeHu, npr,rexa Ceeroro KpbrqeH[e, ltN4 KaKro re ce ]r3pa3roa-xa, 'rcraHaxa 6urrapn". 9nxoaxuqure 'r no-Bt4AHr4Te rpaxAgHun rpaxAaHKn 6nxa noBnKaH[ Aa craHar Bb3np]4eMHnq[, BceK]4Kpbcrlr no eAHoro tall4 ABarua n My AaAe uMero cn. 3a KynelnocllDKlr eAHa r€qa, nocraaena I ronntafl xa6nner Ha Haq:rl-xnxa. flpr,r H3AM:l:tHero or Kynena KpbcreHnrr o6nn.faue xoeapn3a, na My ce apuvaaia 2-3 py6nn, nyrra xnc6 lr eAHa Ko-KouJKa, a Ha Aeqara t,t no HgKog ApeuKa. Kpurqenr,rero cecsbpurr4 bnarononyrHo 3:r rouMil paAocr Ha HaqaAHhKa 9t Hacbnpyrara My, Korro cbr4o raKa noMaraule Ha roaa 6oroyrog-HO AeAO, 14 HOBOnOKPbCTeHnTe Ce pa3OIl4AOxa Aa Ce BeCeMT.Enunorur Ha o6pur4eHnero xa opxaHuncKhre qnraHn B xpr4c-TlrgHcrBo He MnHa rufi rnarorro. Cne4 xaro cabpuluxa xapatllnb-Ka, Te 3axEaHaxa Aa noceu{aBar ry oKpbxHoro ynpaB eHHe, ryKMercrBoro, I Ad 'rcKaT xpaHa n o6nerno. nKoraro 6lxrrne qu-raHr4, Ka38axa Te, Hne MoXeXMe n Aa nPocHM, tr Ad KpaAeM, nAa BpaqyBame. Cera cme 6Mrapn, ra He 6usa 4a sbpr[r4M ra-KxBa AoAHr4 :rrHtnrs. Tpn6aa o6ave, npoqee, AF Ht,t xpaHfire ]lo6nuqare". Konxoro tr Aa He 6gxane sb3xnreHt,t or npn4o6rae-Kara B Anr{ero na noSume 6uzapu, Hhe }4M nor$araxMe no MaA-Ko, AoAero MnHa 3nM:rra, na ru ynbrlrxMe ga pa6orar raroBcnrrKr4 6unrapra. B xaxso noloxeHue ce HaMxpar cera xngu-re HoBonoKpbcreHn opxaxmriqr u Aeqara H BHyrUre Ha yMpe-nnre - He 3Hat. He arpearn Aa ce e c6u4naao npeAcKa3aHne-ro Ha AtAo CroRn SprHvoa, qe om queaHuH 6tvapun ue cmaha,3auloro Mocr KpbuleAH[K, ToraBa Aere Ha 3-4 rognHu, KaronopacHa, npeAaAe ce Ha noqreHo 3€lHtrne, cnyxlt sba eoic-KaTa, B3e y'{acrne B noo\eAHara gol4Ha 3aeAHo cbc chHa cn }lAopM no eAHo BpeMe craHa nonuqeicrn opaxap. Hnxori ce-ra He ro Hapt4t{a quraHnH, na u 3a npo}t3xoAa My H9Ma no-nneH". ,{,aHo Aa ca craHaln raKuaat 4o6pra rpaxAaHn n Apyr[renoBu xpucmuflHu u 6tvapt'.9urareasr Moxe 6ra rqe peulu/ rreB cnyqat craBa Bbnpoc 3a KoHKperHltre opxaHhfrcxn quraxu, aHe:xr qnraHnre or Opxannilcxo raso6u1o. Halara ceAonbAHr4-TeAHo o6RcseHue. He rqe t4 c'lrMHeHne, qe floKpbcrBaHero Haqt,traHure He e 6nno npuulrBKa Ha pycK]tre ofr'rqepm Cosu u

33Mrapoerav e Opxaxr,re, $lu{oro npe3 cbu4ara roAnHa pycKoronpaBnTencTBo, KaKTo n3rêxAa, e npaBeô MacoBh aKqill4cPeA qilraHvrre, 3a Aa ocnryPn rnra cu oT Bb3MoxHl4 l4cltMc-rr,t 6ynroae. Taxa Hanp. 3a noKpbcrBaHe Ha AaneqHtlre AoMc-Kr4 qnraHr B qrloro Aomcro I eAHa nprnucKa ot lllocuS r\o6-puno\uu or c. ,{u,rrauleBr{t4 e or6enffiaxo: nrorato ce noKpbc-rnxa qr4raHure npe3 M. anpul 1878 r." (sx. C. MunueS; cenoPacoeo, Aonacxo, I MuHanoro n cera, Pacoeo, 1942, c.371.Cnomen or cbuloro noKpbcroaHe uMa n e llpaeeq/ 3au{oro nocbu{ecrBo sa opxaHnr,|cKht oKpbxeH HaqaAH}|K npaBeuKnTeqnraHn ca opxaHnracKu r{nraHn.

B l-f paaeq, cbu-{o KaKTo u e 6oreerpa4, KpbcmeHtqume Ka-ro Munenu,u, 6ouue8qu, a BepotrHo n Xnoroequ, He ce AealTor 6unraprre, Hacrbnnno e nbnHo nperonsBaHe.

Apyra cêAa or BepotrHoro quraHcKo MnHaAo Ha Xrs-KoBf-lrf e rgxHoro crapo poAoBo ume 3auQupxto\u,u, vt KoHK-perHo npu 3anoMHeHure ûqa - Togop 3auQupxao (npra 4ap,o-ro Ha [rarraropa), Xpucmo 3auQupxro (npu 6aqara). l4a,reroHe e cnyuariHo. Ha BceKnro e u3BecrHo, qe To e rnnnqHo qu-raHcKo nntrHo uMe, nopaAu Koero ro H9Ma B npequ3Hr4re peq-Hlfr-lu Ha 6urapcxrare rMeHa (ex. npu 14. 3auuoL, EunrapcxunMeHHrK, C. 1988, c.1O7l, He3asr4cuMo qe ce cpeqa fi cpeA6rnrapr,rre. Bepoaruo, He6erlrHrepecHo e u rore', qe B cbceA-Hnre Ha fipaeeq rereBeHcKl4 cerra sanQupxw 3Haqu n L{nra-Hran. [!e np!4BeAa ou{e eAuH QnnonoruvecKm apryMeHr 3aKpbcreHtuKr4s npon3xo4 xa,A.,rarraropa. Esr,r roBeAure 3Haqr/ve 6urrapcKoro noxelarenHo nMe 3:r Ar4qe, Koero rpn6ea 4aocraHe xraeo (cAeA Mnoxecroo noqr4Halu 6parr ra cecrpr,r) ey',a6uxu| c AHeruHa AeKoMno3npaHa peanns n 6uxo.

[pyrvrre 6unrapcxur hMeHa ca XuSogap, XuSonup, XuEo-pag, or Kor4ro ce AeKoMno3[par BaPnaHTnre xuBo, xu\a,Xuhrco, Xuhxa. Cne4oeareruro, r43KoHHl,rre uMeHa xa 6unrapm-Te Karo XuBo, Xu%xo uMar peanHa eruMonorur B cbulecreyrn-An nMeHa Karo nocorreHure no-rope. Cpe,{y rnx o6aqe cu-u{ecrByBar eAHorMeHHra {op,un - XuSxo n XuBxa - np}lECnqKn KpbcreH9qu, npou3BeAeHn oT yMaûre^Hu nPuâra-renHn xu9xo, xu\ra (ex. Peunura na H. fepo@, cpeqy Kol4roHe cror4 eruMoH XuBouup, Xu$opag, Xu6ogap, a qr4raHcKorouM uMe or apa6cxo-rypcKl,r npolr3xoA flwap (or r arom

34yafmak 'xnBef'), Koero cbu-lo o3Haqan Xu&xo, 14 Koero cbtqoe noxe^are^Ho nMe, Lle^gqo Aa cnPe cMbprra cPeA Aeqara Be4no cennericreo. hgeecrHo e, rre npta noKpbcrgaHutra EcuttKt4fwdpoBqu, UlapoSt4u, flwaproSu,u npocro ca npeBe^n t4MeHaracu Ha Xu$xo\qu. B roxxperHus cttyuail npn PoAoaara aHrpo-noHnMilt Ha .A.,nrraropa He 6es gHaqeHue e cnyxbr 3:l nMerofwapoS, c Koero ce e 3anncnal, KaKTo n npaaeuKoro poAoBou*te Awapo64 xoero ce cBbp3Ba Karo ceMaHrnqeH BaPnaHT cXuSxoBqu.

Taxasa e oHoruacrnirmara Bepclrn 3a AalerrHlrf Kpbcre-HflluKH npoyr3xoA Ha Xtlsxonqu. Crpannr,t ca cr46rare Ha

AuKraropr4re. Crpanen e ta HaquHbr no roiro ce nPennnrar.Tiocra$ BucapuoHoeuq Crant,tH cblqo e KaAKupaA poAoBorocu Qar*r,rnHo uMe ,\xqeaw$unu qpe3 rpy3l4HcKoro gst<yea "cro-MaHa" Ao pycKoro Cmaauu ('cromaxeH') - ex. npu lO. 6ope8,CrannHna4a (Ayra, 6p. 9, 1990). Huxonae 4ayw,-xoh'ro ao4unPoil3xoAa cn or Kpl4McKr4 qnraHn, HapuqaHu n oy^zaPu : cbp-64 cuulo pyMbHl,r3r4pa uMero cyr c apncroKparnqHara HacraB-Ka -ecKy : 4aywecxy, n np.

s 13. AflAOTOToea e Bcbr{Hocr Hari-nonynrpHunr qoBeK or Qanaunnrra

Xnsxoan cne,q ,{rarcraropa. flonynapHocfia My ce Abn>Kn HacaMile To4op Xneroa, xofiro 3ano3Ha qenus 6unrapcru xa-poA c Abnronernero Ha AeAo cu. Cuu4uar ro3r4 MAo nplrcbcr-ayrn u B 3anucKnre na K. gaxrpod c nenponneHeHnt 4e6enar-u-Kr4 xyMop Ha HeroBug BoxA or "Bropun erax", cpe: "Oco6exoqecro (T. Xrexoa - 6et. L6) roaoperue 3€l cBot gtgo Baago,roiro HaAxBbpAr4A 105 rop,vrHr,r. Koraro MuHaBaAu xeHnre 3alnoncKa pa6ora, cenrHure ro 3aKaqal[: "Mgo Btago, a 6ynxnreBuxAau nu ru?" Tori orepuqaA: Ex, Moiuuera, He ,tne 6nea ee-qe/ Aa 6gx noHe Ha 90 ro4uHr4,..". Or Hero Mbxere I TexHngpoA HacAeAhAn paHHoro onleueBgaaHe. Koraro cemHure ronnrann: fingo Bngo, rGAe r],r e 6pa4ara" - roti parra3Bal Ab -ra [3Mr4cAeHa ncropurg 3il cBoure crpaHcrByBaHut Ao l-{apur-paA, KbAero pa6onrn KaTo Aplrepr,rx. Tam BeAHbx "naAHaA"

35BbB BapHnqaTa, orKbAeTo 3ary6u^ il oKocMeHocTTa Ha rAaBaTacn Karo 6ener Ha Mb)KKo AocroliHcrao" (Bropunr erax/ c. 35).

llo HqraKbe noBoA T. Xr4sroe e Ka3an "Moero poAHo ce-Ao npaBeq or naMrnBera e 6yHrapcKo celo". [. Mero4r,reeyc/\lDK r4Bo 83eMa TOBa l,|3peqeHne oT KoHreKcTa u [o nocraBtlnoA cHrMKara Ha flpaaeq e 6raorpafravHran an6yr'a sa T. Xue-roe (Cux Ha cBor HapoA, c. 39). r$p.,o r"ry o6aqe, npeAcraBrHor Hero Karo ce^cKl,r KoqKap, eABa Al4 e yqacrByBa^ B HflKaKBo6ynrapc'rao, cBbp3aHo c "HaqnoxanH(g Bbnpoc". ,A,opr,t Heu{onoBeqe - ,4,t. ,AtercaugpoS (ax. no cAeAmTe Ha curraHexuero),roriro cbu{o Karo MeHe orAaBHa ce uHrepecyea or poAoc o-BmeTo Ha ,A,nrraropar no To3t4 Bbnpoc nnue: "MHoro MAaAUcemH,r or ilpaseq ce BKAtoqBar B peBonloql4oHHara 6op6a r,raKruBHo yqacrByBar e fucro-rypcxara eofiHa, € Ad 6u4arnporoHeHn ocMaHcKhre nopo6rarenu. Ho He raKbB e 6r,rn p.,n-Aoro Ha Top,op Xtasxoe... Be4urx - pa3Ka3Ba 4n4o MapuHKonqaxa -4ori,o,oxa ner-ulecrnHa rypqn Ha KoHe. AraeaAaranpeA Kbqara 6e seoroceHa u rnr nyqnxa KoHere cu Aa na-car. l4naaxme 6a6a, na rn oruAe y $u114 Aa rorB]4. Ero, ura,e ra-To 14 BoAr4 6nsonure... lGro nn,a,r, qe KoHere nacar AuBaAara,Hero ro {aHa n4,3acyKa ocreHa, ra yAapn eAuH KoH npe3 raxl14 KoHtr no6erua. l4nnaue crpaxapnH 6rnrapuH. Towo ro au-raxa. Toi 6eue cera 3aleAHo c rgx 14 re pnnHaxa u u3Bl4rcxa:TowC 6e, cratvt, Ta Bbpxl4 Toq ne3eeeHx!". lzl Tou.ro craHa/ B3eBbxero, Ta Bbp3al Ha rare pbqere orlaA... Typqnre rAoxa m nu-xa, a rare croeue Bbp3aH rpari xr,rx". ..A,aa parnravHra o6pasa aagegomo Ha !,nrraropa, roriro He rbpneule B naprtalra cu Apy-rn nuqa c KoMnpoMerupaHu npe4qu! Pesynraru or oHoMac-Tl4qHoro ta anenarnoHoro npoyqaane: K. t{arupoa rpet.trta mMe-ro Ha gtgomo, ro ne e Baago n To4op-XnaKoBt4rr cua BrcgoHe e KpbcreH Ha Hero. Hnro nrx e Bb3MoxHa fopmara TouC eycrara Ha rypqure. floxo, ABaMara aaropl4 npneMar 3a MAoxa,A,nrcraropa ABe tacropnqecKu At4rtHocr]4 B eAHo 14 cblqo pg-Aoc oBne. KoHrperHnRr ArAo Ha To4op Xusroe ce noMHr4 orBcr4rfKl4 no-BuspacrHr4 npa8qaHn. Hapravan ce e Togop 3au-Qitprcao, a cnopeA r,rH$opnnaropa Bacun l-lanaHroecrh r caMo3anfupaxu. rA.,o p,nec uMero My B roq BilA crol4 3an[caHo Bep,rn 6axaacxur reQrep or oHoBa BpeMe, 3:lna3eH B AoMa Haapx. ,Ayroacru. Heroeara xlaBa BHyrrKa, B4-rop.,r,rr.uHara 6a6a

36l-leera SaHsapoecra, nbpBa 6paroave4ra xa T. Xrasroe, Ml4pa3Ka3:l: nHa

,q14o Mlt BHKaxa 3aaQipxto. O6nqaure Aa HelcnoxoxAa, Mamp qe rare u 6parnra r',ry 6rxa Aeqa or nbpBl4qMbx Ha 6a6a Byxa. 6eure mxoro no-MAaA or 6a6a r yMpqMHoro npe6n xeRn.

Togop 3kuQuprcrc e poAeH HnGAe oKo^o 1860 r.; npraOceo6ox4eHnero e 6un rBbpAe M?A, 3d p.,a 6r4e KaKbsro h,o,a e ncrpaxapn. Mr,trur 3a HeroBoro crolert,te e cbq[HeH rnyno-BaTo or caMlrg [ralcaropr ror,tro He ce e Aocernn, qe npn roBalnonoxeHile 6a6a rr,ry Byxa, xonro 6una 10-15 roAmHu no-cra-pa or Mbxa clr 14 yMprla MHoro c,reA Hero, r-qe rpn6aa 4a eAocrurHana noxe 130 r.!!!

Cnonneu 3a rot gtgoTogop 3anQupxro 3anncix n or lzleaHMapraroe-EeHnn: "floprHg AlAoro Ha To.a,op Xuaxoe - roBo-peule anm rori. - flpaavaxra My Ka3a.xa Togop 3auQupxro.6e-uJe Kboce. (Ero roe e o6uprano reHernqHo 't At,tqero xa ,,A..rax-raropa - 6e'q. L5.) Pa6oreue Karo Kapyqap. l4,r,raute m mMor.Ceraurxara pecraBplrpaHa Kbu{a xa To4op Xnexos e Heroea-ra rurqa.n l-lexxa Soaapoaa Mu pa3Ka3oa eAilH cnoMen xa 6a-u{a cu Bacun Sosapoe (qnrupax HeeAHoKparHo B Ta3n pa6o-Ta), cnopeA roiro /$alKnqr Bacnr 6r,rn apecryBaH or ArAoroxa To4op Xnaxoe, roriro no BpeMe Ha Eaponeicxara aolixa6un nq4apuH B cenoro, rxr Hfl€KBa naKocr B AnBaAure. 6ar-qa-ra xa Bacnn Xpucmo 6un paxex xa fpoxra h ce AeKyB:rA BKb-rqn. Haroxr4no ce Xplrcro Eorapoe Aa cm o6ne.te BoeHHarayxuQopnna n 4a ocao6oA[ HeBpbcrlne cn cnH or 3aRAAl4B]4tnbAapnH. feHo cayvarr, sa roriro An. AnercaHApoo pa3Ka3Baupes Mapnx Konuaxa, qe Aa e 3a Apyr AeAo Ha Top,op Xr,re-KoB, 3anoMHeH Karo \pcrn crpaxap". Karo rarre noA onpe-AeneHnero

nnaH,qypunn a fipaaeq noMHrr npaArAoro Ha To-p,op Xr,reroB, rBHo n3BecreH c nMero Xpucmo, Heroeara xeHaqe Aa ce e Haprqa,la orqe c qnraHcKoro (!?) nme 3an$upa, otKoero e rpbrHa^o lr poAoBoro 3auQupxao\qu.

Toea o6crosrelcrBo e 6raorpaSr,rera Ha,A,rrraropa xano-x'f Aa HanpaB9 nb^Ho npoyqEaHe Ha Ay/vBra naHgypuH tuso6u4o xa opxaxnficKoro naugypcmSo Karo uHcTuryqnr.

KoHrperxoro 3HaqeHne Ha uMero naHgypuH e xpncrng-.H!rH, nal:rq B rypcKo BpeMe. p,ymra '{pe3 rypcKr4 e3uK cnopeAaxaA. Cr. MnaAeHos lt,vn rpbqKa ernMolorur, Korro Hari-o6-

37u{o orBexAa KbM ocHoRa 6anga'gpyxraxa',4pyru (ex. peurr,r-qure Ha gD(Ailre AyMl,t) Tbpcsr yHrapcKa ernMolor]rt or ce-Ar4u-lHoTo vrnre Pandur e VHrapnr; B yHraPcKr,rg e3nK pandur3Haqn cbulo l,r "na3a,{n.

Caep,ennn 3a naHAypcrBoro B Opxannftcxo n TereeeHcKoHn e-ocraBran T. Bao,rnuoe (CnoMeHn, c. 8, 349, 351), cpe.:"Eunrapnre He ce npueMaxa Ha cnyx6a B rypcKara nonuqng";"Krrrn Bceru uop6a4xr,rn nM:IAo 5-6 nanp,ypr,r (o6rqnHcxvrcrpaxapra), Kol4ro Me4Ay Apyrara o6r4ecraexa pa6ora, noMa-raxa Ha 3:rnruerara (nonuqanre - 6ea. T.6.) n 3r:lroBa, aKo n6er yxra{opma, 6rxa BbopbxeHu c nr4u{oa }r Ablbr nox, la6o-AeHla Bbpry notca Ha KoxeH cnafx"; " AqrAero 3alnruuTe u3-nblHgBaxa qncro nonnqer,rcxa capx6a, naHAyprre Bbpulexa 9lApyro: na3exa o6uqnxcrra [Mon4 (ropra, nacnu.{a, crpa4ra), no-Maraxa Ha 6rapHraqnre, HapnqaHn xa6ax,{nra, 4a ct6rapar 4a-ruqr,r, 6epntA, nopg3t, na ce rplrxexa &l qncrorara no y uqn-re r.l ruo6qe ra 6rraroycrpoficraoro Ha rpaAa. Keapnapyeaxa aKoHaKa npt,t 3anruure, Ho 6u,a,elrxn MecrHn rpaxAaHn, Te i{ec-ro cnrxa B cBo[re Kbulr,r... 3a nan4ypra o6nrxoaexo ce las6],r-paxa Mbxe tKn, cH;DKHr,r u c npnnrlqHa BbHurHocr. Mpq4y rnxce clyqBauJe HsKoe rypcro 1aon.

. flo resu AaHH,r Moxe Aa ce HanpaBu c,reAHtat ]r3BoA:npaArAoro naHAyp,rH ra Top,op X[sroe npn BcrrrKl4 nonoxe-Hlrg e 6un xrnn KoHaKa a Opxaxne. VcnqBaA e Aa yroqHuM elHeroBnR HaqaAHnK no BpeMe xa Anpnncroro BhcraHne. ['|oAaHHn na T. Bao.rnuos (noc. cbq., c. 353)ce e Hapuqa^ Dsrapara (|srapaa), no quH 6nn ros6aurng (crorrrrar), a no npor43-xo4 -6rnrapr4H noMaK or celo .A,o6peeqr,r, TereseHcxo. Toet,t

frrap ara e rabpAe u3BecrHa Anr{Hocr B cnncbKa Ha nocoqe-HHTe no-Hanpe,o,'\epxun 6unrapu. Tori ra npeABoXAaHilTe orHero HeroBn noAqlrHeHlr naHAypr4 ,r 3anriln y6raaar BoxAa HaAnpnncroro BbcraHlre feoprr,r SeHxoscxl4 ra Caea Mna4eNoa.Heroenre xopa na6raaar BbcraHnqecKnre rnaan Ha KoA n rupa3Hactr !r3 oKpbx[ero. 3a4ava na 6r4erqnre ucropuq]t Ha,,{nrraropa e Aa )4oqHrr Mrcroro na To4opXlrBKoBltr npaAr-Ao B orpqAa xa |arnp ara. E4Ha or Bepcuure e, ve rori e 6ranqoBeKbr, Hocl4l na6o4exara Ha npbr r aBa Ha f. Sexroecru(sa xeq Bx. noBeqe npu L Eaaxaucxu, Po4nnxa Ha ToAop

Xusxoa e ""enos"arr"r', ,oi"*n r^aBara Ha EeHroscxr,r (Ber21 ,6p .26 ,1993 , c .1 ) .

s 14. 6A11614B 6norpaQr,rnre e onncaH cpaoHurenHo p,o6pe noA uMe-

rc Xpucmo TogopoB Xu\rco| xaro "6e4,eH MoMbK or MixalaEnaura" rpyp,onro6r,rB centHnn/ rotiro BbnpeKn "6ero,Hocrra rHenocunHr4re ycaoeur" BoAr4A 6op6a s;t cbu{ecrByBaHe c eAHoeAuHcrBeHo cpeAcrBo - noqreHnfl rpyp, (EraorpaSraven oqepK,c. 11). Cannuqr T. Xraeroe npeAcraofl 6ar4a cr,r raro "Sa6pra-veH pa6orHuK B rpaA fa6poeo, xorirro cu r4ABa eAilH nbr B ro-p,nHara" (Mna4ocr, Haper{eHa 6op6a, c. 15), cecrpara l-{aeranarBbpAr4, ue 6au4a ir 6ran celcKr4 Ko)a4ap a flpaaeq, rofiro Hq-M:rA AocrarbvHo pa6ora, € Ad r43Abpxateruericreoro cr.r (naxTaM, c. 16). B. Borapoa cbu{o cnoMeHaBa, ve 6aqara Ha T.Xusroe ce e 3aHnMa&n c Ko)ro4apcrBo y AoMa cu (c. 12). Ca-,trnqr T. Xnsxos (c. 15) noAqepraBa, ve 6au4a rrny rartaan 5-6AeKapa Hr4B!,r - 3eMg, "KogTo Aaneq He Moxeue Aa crurHe, 3aAa [3xpaHn MHoroApAHoro cennericrBo"; B aero6norpafranracr,r or 1945 r. orHoBo noBTapg onpeAeleHt4ero "6e4eH" 3a cBo-nre poAnrenr,r (t4r6p. cbri. r. 24, c. 5O4). C 4pyrra AyMu, npeA-Mer Ha e3uKoBo npoyqBaHe e onpeAeleHuero 6egen:!a He-6e4ro o6ne.reHras ceMHuH, npeAOaBeH xa fororpaSrlnra earr6ynna "CuH Ha cooero epeMe" (c. 40). KagroHnurr 6raorpa$na .A,nrraropa K. 9arcupo6 4onrnea ou{e eAuH eAeMeHT KbM6e,a,xocrra, TaKa qe rt Aa ce np[eMe or qurarennre B npeBut-xoAHa creneH, cpa: "B HeroBoTo ce,uerlcrgo HgMa H14r{o Heo-6nxHoeeHo il no-pa3lnqHo or cr46ara Ha HapoAa nu. CencrurpyA, 3emt Ha n3nonnqa (no,qv. Moe - T. 6.), sauanrquicreo uKaro Bcl4r{Kr,r 6urrrapr,r poAurelt,tre My ncKar Aa u3yqar Aeqaracu, 3a Aa rn oTAaAeqaT oT roBa npoKMrhe - 3eMrra, c Kogrorpa6ea,a,a ce 6opraLu eceria p.,ex (Broprarr era)K, c. 36).

fGro ocraes HacrpaHa Sarcra) '{e roBa e nbpgoro "npornn-rne", Koero cpeu-laM e 6unrapcxara xyAo)KecrBeHa ^rreparypaKaTO OnpeAe^eH[e Ha 3eMgTa, KO9TO Hl4 XpaHn, CTilraM AO 143-

39BoAa, qe 6e4xocna Ha Xpncro Xnsros AeicrBt,trenno e 6nna143KAloril4TenHa.

l-lupaoro cMyu{eHne no orHoueHne Ha 3HaqeH[ero npt,tonpeAeleHuero "6e,4eH" a 6norpaSnnre Ha Xpr,rcro n fop.,opXnsxoeu u4ea o6ave or 'r3HeceHure AoKyMeHranHm Sarru ecrarnrra na 11. KoSaqeS'Tpyp,ooaKbr or Ll-Jecra pora", KbAero enocoqeH ceruerixut l,rMor npe3 193211933 r., cpe.: "Kuu4a uABe crpaAn, oqeHeHu sa 22 000 neea, 10 AKa HnBu sa 4 000neen,2,2 AKa Ao3e sa 4 400 neee,,7,7 ,a,xa nac6r.rule n 77O ne-n, 12,1 AKa roplr s 2 42O neBa, 1 Kpaoa sa 2 000 AeBa, eAuHKoH 3al 2 500 neea, ABe cB[He ra 1 500 nesa. 14,\]a gcu.rro: 49590 neea. [o4uuen AoxoA 16 000 AeBa". Bnx4a ce, qe ce-nnericrsoro npilrexaBa 37 4xa 3eM9 B nonynnaHnHcru parioH,Koero uM onpeAeM cTaryr Ha nPuHaMexau{u KbM cPeAHoroceuqecrBo. CannuRr a3 cbM ceAqHuH 14 3Hat xopa c Aaneq no-ManKo 3eMg, Kol4To Hr4Kora He u3naAaxa B KaKBaro ra 4a e 6e,0,-Hoci.

Kareo nsnn3a? .A.,ralcaroprr e cbqrHfln BepcnflTa sa 5-64xa co6creeHu Hr48yr, npra6,ruxexnTe ca Aopa3B,r^l4 AbxaTa Ao3eMt, B3eMaHa or poAl4Telnre "xa u3noAuqd", d A. MerogneeB "CnH. Ha cBos napo4" lc.2ll, AoraM ce sa6paaa B lr3Mr,rcln-qnre cu, qe AoPl4 cbt[4HgBa BepcnflTa 3a nbpBoPoAHl4fl c14H HaXpracro Xmeroa, rourro xaro "Heaprcrno Aere u4e rpavr,r 6ocnpeA BonoBere e 6pas4aran, Koraro cenneicrso Xusxoeu xu-Kora He e npnrexa&Ino BoAoBe. Xpracro u 6au-1a rrny To4op ca6ranra rrapa4xu14, Kapyqapu, r. e. pa6onanr,r ca c KoHe.

Ero n pesynrarnre no npoBepKara Ha AyMara 6egen e 6n-orpa$r,rnra'Ha T. XilaxoB Karo onpeAeleHue xa Heroeuq 6a-up: lrlL. MapuuoB-EeHUH robpAeue, ve 6ar4ara 6unxo)oAap.!,upxan noA HaeM (cneAoearenHo e ta3Kapeal napu 14 3a HaeM,n sa ce6e cn) Heroenq AtoKrH, xoraro cron HenoKbrHar Ao4Hec. Tyr ce 3aHilMaBaA c KoxyxapcrBo/ a He, KaKro rBbpAt46osapoa, c HaAoMHa pa6ora. Pa6orara Ha Xpucro (a cenororo Hapnqanlr Pucrso), H[u-lo qe uMaA uMor, He My BbpBqAa.Taxa craHaao m c Ko)rc4apcrsoro, r,r c ryp6ewilvrcreoio e fa6-poso, 14 c KapyqapcrBoro B Co{nn, KbAero npeBo3Ban 6anacr-pa.

6a6a l-{erra EaHaapoecxa, Karo onpeAe^rue rpyAoorreKaqecrBa Ha crpilHa cu Mapyqa, He ce 3anbHa Huro BeAHbx,

40

AOKaTO CrurHe AO Ha]4-CblqecBeHoro onPeAe^eH[e 3a Het, ahMeHHo: ",A,a rnaeu.r caMo KaKBa pa6orxraqa 6eue.rn, annaxax pa6oreule!" Korato crurHa Ao rpyAoBnre KaqecrBa HanHatre npeAcraBeHr4t B nucaHutra Karo pa6ornr,re HeilH qt,tqo

Pucrro, rt Hanpaao 3aeKHa. Hanoxn ce c npuAplDKnreu MuH. Hara4enoB AeAuKarHo Aa t u3qaKaMe, AoKaro npou3Hece

faraauoro, npeAcraBmBaqo cbuleopeMeHHo n Kntoq KbM 3a-raAKara ra 6e4Hocrra s ce^aelicTeo Xnsroeu, n3PeqeHne:"KaKBo Aa Bu KaDKa i quqo nd ue 6ewe pa1omuuxt"

E4aa nra 6er-ue Heo6xo,quua noBeqe raxfop,raaqras/ 3a Aapas6epa ucruHara - g cetlelicro Xnsrosta e qapyBan Mbp3e-nbr, HeKaAbpHocrra Ha 6au,1ara, rotaro e AonycHan npn rolKo-Ba MHOrO nMOT nOHtKOra HeAolrMbl(br Aa noceu{aBa AoMa My.

lzlHrepecHa e crg6ara Ha AyMara 6egen e 6r,rorpa{rarareHa KoMynl4cn4qecKure fynxqraoHepra. Te 9 nocraBgxa HaBctt-KbAe B nl4caHr4era sa ce6e c]r, Aopr,r Koraro noA Hel npo3upa-lre He roAKoBa 6ep,Ho cbqecroyoanr,re. ,A,yr',rara 6egen e 6n-orpafrarra Ha BceKl4 or rtx 6eue "nponycK", napona KbMEAacTTa, rur"r iepapxrtra, He3aBuct4Mo oT cb3HaHuero sa Hetl-Hara ceMaHTtaqHa HeAeticrBltrelHocr. KottnyHncrravecKnqr.A.,rarrarop He Moxeue Aa pa3perut,t B, HeroBara 6raorpaQraa 4ace nnule, qe npoil3xoxAa or cpep,rb cenneticrao, Koero nPnAocrarbqHo rpy4onro6r,re 6aqa 6n morno Aa xnBee cnopeAHopMure Ha cpeAHure 6rnrapn.

Eaulara Ha .A,nrraropa e npeAcraBeH B e4uH or xafi-

ry6aorlre 6urapcrn nolnrh'.recKu Br4qoBe raro raso6perarel"annqypmxeq" (sx. S 23). 6es rota caannnr Aa nMa KaKBuro u Aae 3aclyrn rcum 6unrapcroro o6ulecrBo, nMero My c HeqyBaHoHaxalcrBo ra ce6eyHuxeHr4e e nocraBeHo or MecrHnre qapeA-Bopql4 I npaBqaHcKara HoMeHK arypHa oHoMacrnKa (ax.S 27).

S 1S. MAfiKATAbraorpaQrr h. tilomo| ta B ro3r,r c-,ryuari e cbq]4Ht4n xapaK-

Tep[crr4Kure na nnarixara 6es raxaoro t,t Aa e npoyvaaHe. OrBcnqKnre cynep artaBta 3a Hefl orroeapqT ua 4ericreurelHocrracaMo re3n, Kor4ro ce orHactr sa pa6ornr,reocrra ir. B nporneexcnylara npu ro3r,r HelrH Mb)K, roito, no AyMnre Ha nPaBqaHn,

4lnne e 6un 4r,rn pa6orxnKn, rfl eABa Ar4 e qtna Aa lt3rleAa ta Ao-HtKbAe Aa u3ytl14 Aeqara cn. Orryx HararbK n 3a Het - MapyqaXuSxoBa - 3anoqBar 6ennre nerHa, ycnopeAHn na {arrulafn-Kaqnnre. E4Ha or ErDKHnre Saauu{raraqnu B xr,rrneonncaHn-ero Ha Mapyqa e cabp3:rHa c uMero r,r xaanra$raxaqnnre HapoAHoro ir naqqo npu Fl. lilomoS (cpe. e Sraorpa{raueH oqepK,c. 10): "MapyUa XnsroBa e poAeHa nper 1886 r. B eAHa orxari-6e4Hr,rre Maxaln Ha celo flp"geq - kucypcxama". OrHo-eo "6e4xocr" g Hari-roMMa creneH, u ro B M:lxala c [Me, Ha-nbnHo Heno3Haro Ha npaBqaHu. B rHnrara HgMa neqarHtlrpetrrKt,t, 3auloro I raKbB rpyA 3a nbpBuq qoBeK a flaprnnra nAbpxaBara He Moxe Aa ce rpeurra. fper-ura HgMa, ni a cbgHa-TeAHa QanulrQnxaqns, npu Koflro AeficrBnrenHoro uMe HaMaxalara Kaucapcxa (orono vepxsara) ce npenpaBt yx HeBtaH-Ho Ha Ktucypcrama. lul eQerrur e orpoMeH: K ucapcrBoro, Ka-To oHoMacrnqex 6ener Ha M:xanara; ce 3aMeHg c Kll4cypara,3au{oro He Mo)Ke e 6norpaQraflra Ha KonnyHncra c naprnriHaKHnxKa lrEl 4a cror4 uMe, Koero ce cBbp3Ba no HrKaKbB Ha-qnH c pen[r]4tra Karo "onnyan Ha Hapo,qnte".

t{urarengr Ha 6raorpa{}rqHure n3M}rclr4Lll4 ga nnarirara xa,A,rarcaropa pas6rapa, qe rq Hanpaso or !'KlngypcKara Maxala',KbAero e poAeHa, "npes 1910 r. cBbp3oa xnBora cr,r c XpNcroTo4opoa Xnsros". Taxa e B M[Ta sa Top,op-XuaroBara ,\ afi-ra! B 4ericrBurenHocr o6aqe 4eilcrsuero e no-pa3nnqno (cno-peA pa3Ka3a Ha nPaEqaHu u xar,|-ae,{e ra ueraHara nAeMeHHu-4a LlSemana \ausapo\crca): Mapyqa HqMa HnKaKBr4 poAHl4Hllno poAnrenu e flpaaeq. Heramngr 6aqa npr,rp,or-uun orruna Co-MoBr4r, KbAero Ao AHec xnBee celraericreoro na 6par my. Ilo-quHan a [1paaeq, cAeA Koero xeHa My l-{oera ce oMbxulanoBropHo B Maxanara /pL$nuqa, Kotro orcrou na 2 KM ceoe-po3:lnaAHo, Bbpxy eAHo nnaHr4Hcro 6uno5. Bropranr i nnux ceHapuqa^ fepeo 6owro8. Mapyqa rMa^a eAHa cecrpa AHrenn-Ha. B cenoro u B r,rcropuera My HrMa Apyra )KeHa c une Mapy-qa. Ep,aa B nocneAHure roAr4HH eAHo npaBeluro cerrneficreoKpbcrn raKa Aerero cr4 B 3HaK na 6narop,apHocr &I u3sbpueHaBaxHa yc^yfa or 6naropo4Hara 6a6a Mapyqa.

Map*Ua e n4nnqHo BAauJKo (pyr',ruxcro) xeHcKo Ar4rrHoltMe t,t Karo raKoBa e ,erHopa3nhqnrelo. O6pasyaaxo e orMdpa u -i'qa Karo s /au!qa, &xaj,qa, Aerltqa u noA. Camoro

42une Mapy.4a Karo pyMbHcKo e o6scxeio n or Cm. Itl,tqel (Pera-HuK Ha AnqHure n {a,r,rnnxrare }lMeHa y.6urraprare, C.,19691.

Mapyqa no 6au4a n no marira npoil3xoxAa or BAauJKo(pyr*tncro) ceruericreo, nprlAoulno a fipaeeq, KaKro ce Ka3a,or Connoenr. MafrqnFrngr Dr egux e pymbHcKl4nr. B xypraarac-rlrqecKnq ecKopr, rofr ro Her43MeHHo npuAplDKaBar-ue,A,r,r rra-ropa Ao nPaBet!_Kara My pe3uAeHlu4r, Hem3MeHHo e nPucrcr-ByBaA n llio$xo lllohxoL, xypHillt4cr e "CoQnficra npae,qa", po-AoM or LUa6na. 6a6a Mapyqa silHaru e roBopela c Hero HapyMbHcKr4 esnr. h BrHarn noAqepraeana:]!,o6pe, se uABaur,lTloaro, or BpeMe Ha BpeMe, qe ryK HeMa c Koro u AyMa Aa ct,tnpoAyMaM Ha BlaluKr4'n.

S 16. SPATbT3a Hero ce 3Hagr MHoro Hel4a. Toea, xoero He ce 3Hae,e:

*rae M. 6onqe6 B cnoMeHa "MafrKara" (Mna4ocr, HapeqeHa6op6a, c. 221 e noAnpaaun "peaonor4uoHHara" nny 6r,rorpa-h^^;*ue npaevaHu no3HaBar feopeu XuBxoS He Karo peMcucm upe\onnquouep, a Karo... nunHuqa.

*qe 6qnoro nerHo B Ta3u 6r,rorpafr,rr, rgcHo cebp3aHa cno-peA KoMyHr4c[4qecKnTe m3ncKBaHile 3:l nbAHoTa Ha xapaKre-pucrnKnre c ra3u Ha ,A.,urraropa, e 3:lnbnHeHo c eAnH HltKoMyHer3eecreH usarH l-lpaueq MoMeHr, Koraro rori xtaeee e lGBa-na. Toea e no BpeMeTo Ha npucbeAnHeHnre "HoBlt 3eM!i" BMare4onur u Tparcan. [eoprra Xtaeros e Ha3HaqeH or "cilneH.fogeK" 3€r noBeH HaA3nparel e KaBa/tcxo. llpaevaxr rBbpAgr,ve [eopru e ypeAeH or 6par cra To,a,op, xor,rro cnopeA oQnqra-ilAHhre 6raorpaSr,l,r B cbu{oro BpeMe e... "HeAeraAeH".

. *aKo roriro u Aa e 4pyr 6unrapuH t4Maure a 6r,rorpa{r,rrraHa cBor4 poAHuHa xapaKrepucruqex 6ener Karo ro3t4, Kol4Toonuc;xMe, ro ror,r no KoMyHl4crilqecKara HoMeHKfflrypa Ha,A,nrraropa ce onpeAeuuJe 3raro14Han4 Karo Henb HoqeHeHrpaxAaHuH Ha Eunrapna.

Tash qacr or rpyAa seqe 6eule HanncaHa, roraro rrnofinpurren, xoriro 3Haetxe 3:l Hacrorulara pa6ora, Mta AoHeceKparKo cto6rqeHrae or B. "5rnrapr,rn" (6p. 21 , 29.lX. 1990 r., c.

43

11) or Benuu fBopcxu - "l-lpo$ecopbr no nc'rxonoruq cpeu{yncnxnqecKufl TopMo3 Ha cneqlra^nvrre c.rryx6n", B xeg ce Gb-o6qaear MoMeHrn or cnoMeHnrc na npoQ. LlSan fane| Konax-nueL, nounnan npe3 pnu 1990 r. Ero u nnrepecyBau-lara Huqacr or ra3u crarrt: "CnoMeHa (Konarnnee - 6et. L6.) sa 6pa-ra Ha To4op Xusroe, xoraro npeAn 9. lX. 1944 r. e pa6ornn ar{l,rHoBHr4qecKuf anapaT Ha Bâct}rre s 6eno^ opkreTo m ce enorcyoan c He AoraM 4o6po uMe... lle amrxHa eAuH nacoKor 6enexrure Ha 14eaH KorlHos... "3aqgsBam no Hari-xarero-puqeH HaqnH, ve He4envo He4envea, Mero4u Apnayp,oe, fe-opeu Xu5xoB u 6p., Kor4ro ca 6unn xa Qaurucrra cnyx6a xaropbKoBoAurenr4 n quHoBHuqn I [e4earav 4o 9.1X.1944 r., neca yqacroyBann u Karo o6uxHosennra 6oraqr,r-arcraHuqu B pe-Bonrollr4oHHure cu6nruq or 6-7. lX. 1944 r. Ao 3a$eMaHeroHA BAACTTA TAM.

, Bcnqxo Ka3aHo or rtx e nb)Ka n n3MaMa!" Bunpexu acuv-Ko roBa TlaaH KoriFroB He ce orbea noA HarncKa Aa AaAe He-BepHn AaHHn n cBeAeHnt 3a "aKrnBHo yvacreyaanra Apyrapn BcbnpornBara". Mucnn cn KaKBo 6n craHano, aro KoriHoe 6e-ure npr,r6aa[n B cnncbqure Ha yqacrHuqure il Apyru uMeHa,Karo roBa na feopeu XuSxoB uanprnrep."

CrgxarenHo npueeAox ro3n qurar or 9eopcxra, 3a Aa noA-qepras ou{e BeAHbx KonKo MHoro fanurra$raraquu nMa B ce-âeftcreo lrEl Ha EurapraR or nepnoAa 1956-1989 r.

s 17. TOAOP X14BKOB KATO'noToMcTBEH', CEA[H]4H 14 SMKAHAXI4fl,A,eere xapaKrepncruKn ca na K. VarrpoS (Bropr.rnr erax),

cpa.: "Karo nomoucm\eH ceMHuH He o6n.ralUe 4a nnnee. HaBHyqKara cu EereHus Aaoaue no 600 neBa Meceqno n 6eruenHrepecHo, qe napure rn 6poeue no 2-3 nrru. 3a p,a xe 6rp-Ka n Aa e cilrypeH, Br4Kaule u ceKperapKara Aa rra npe6por,rou{e BeAHbx" (c. 69), 'Top,op Xt,tsroe 6e Ha'cnep,r,rn or cBol4repoAnreû qeHHoro Kaqecroo u xeo6xop,l4Moro yc,roBue 3:leAnH nblHoqeHeH )Kr4Bor - 3ApaBero u cra6unxara ncnxnKaHa noromciseH 6anrcaH4xr49"

44Cnrapann ce Ha ABere xapaKrepncruKn/ 3.u{oro Me 3ar4Hr-

puryBaxa c anonornqHara cil QyHrqraa B nocoqeHoro cbr.ruHe-nrae. .A,yrraure nomoMbK n nomoMcm\en ca pyc!r3Mr4. flpvrna-rarenHoro nomoucm$err a 6rnrapcK[9 e3nK uMa ABe 3Haqe-ntts: 1. 'Hacne4creeH, rot,tro e no poA raKbB, cnopeA xapaKre-pl,rcTHKl,|Te Ha CAeABar4OrO Cbr4ecrEnrenHo, C KOerO Ce C8bp3-Ba n pnnaraTenH oror lr 2,' ucrn HcKr4, cbu4r4 HcKr4'.

Tesn ABe xapaKrepucruKlr - "noroMcrseH ceMHuH" J4 "no-ToMcrBeH 6aaranp,xng" - KaKTo 14 Bcl4r{Kt4 ocraHanil e 6raorpa-

Qrarra na,A,urraropa, H€ orroBapgr xa 4ericraurelHocfia, T.e.nbpEuTe 3Hat{eHnt Ha AyMUTe,B c^osocbqeraBnflTa ca HecbB-MecTnMn, KoraTo ce ynoTpeogBaT B Xr4TueonucaH[eTo HaTo4op Xneroe.

lloroancrseH ceAgHr4H n 6anxaH4xr4g Moxe 4a 6up,e rorn'.roBeK, roriro 3Hae u e o6rgun caog poA noHe or HtKonKo no-KoAeHnq. T. Xnaroe e o6qenn or poAa cu caMo 4r4o cr,r r,r 6a-u_{a c}r: nbPBr4g c xapaKrepncrnKrre Ha eypoemqu, 3ugap, wo-purs - "Qa6pr,ruen pa6onrur". Br,rx4a ce, qe Heu{o B npeqil3-Hocrra Ha on.4caHuero ce 6upxa. ilpoyuaaxero, or ApyracrpaHa, yroqHn, qe rori e ceAtHuH caMo om egHo noKoxeHue,m.e. caMo omKbLt 6at4a, a rconu6ap omKbM nadxa u omKbM gtgo.

6au-1ara e 3aHeMapun nopaAu A,tr{Hl,tre cn ravecrea (par-6rapa ce, He "3ataopeHocrra n MbnqantaBocrra", Kor4To l43TbKBaHa npeAeH nAaH napruriHnqr 6r,rorpa0 li1. i1orce - sx. 6ror-pafnuen oqepK, c. 12) cBoero cemqecrBo, ArAoro e 6unKupagxur, npaAeAoro naHgypuH. lA npn Hafi-p,o6po xenaHilee3uKoaeAbr, xoriro c HemMoaepuu ycuuns .a,erur,rQprapa ucro-p[qra or e3uKa, He Moxe 4a ynorpe6n e 6r,rorpa$ranra xa,A,nrraropa onpeAeneHhero "noronncrBex ceMH[H", Ou{enoBetre, qe He ce 3Hae orKbAe ca npuAolxnn e flpaaeq Hero-Bnre npaAeAn c HecnoKofina crurHuqecKa KpbB .

Cuuqoro ce orHacfl t,r Ao onpeAeneHnero nomoncmSeu6aaxaugxun, B Koero K. t{arupoe e BAoxl4A cepuo3Hara yMltcblAa ro orHece rcum Har,t-a4paBara qacr Ha 6tnrapcrrr HapoA,Korro e cbxpaHrla 6urapu-paHara cn no BpeMe Ha ocMaHcKo-ro B aAnqecrBo B cbpqero Ha Farrxaua. Ll e rosu cnyrari He-peAHocrhre ce noApexAar I qrn peA: BceKr reorpaQcrr pev-HnK npeAcrasr flpaeeq Karo BceKaKBo Apyro no xapaKTeprc-Tr4Ku ceno/ Ho He h Karo 6anran4xraricro. [1o Heroaoro uMe

45B reorpaonera e Ha3oBaHa npaSewKama qacm Ha EoleBrpaAc-Kara KoTnoBnHa, KogTo no crbl4ecrBo e u3ToqHaTa no^oBuHaHa roBa none (feorpa{cxn pevHrax na Eunrapnfl, C.,1980, c.60). Apyrltrr 6raorpaQ - h. horcs (noc. cbq., c. 71, noorHoLreHhe Ha xapanepucTr4Kure na c. flpaeeq ce 4o6nnxa-aa pro 4ericro[TenHocrra, onpe4ennraKu ro Karo "nonynnaHnHc-ro celon. 3a 4a xuaetr B HtKoe noncKo mnn nonynlaHnHcKoceno 6anraHAxr4r4/ roBa o3HaqaBa, qe re rpn6ea Aa ca cne3nuor cenara e 6nusxuq nnn AaleqHnq SaAKaH. flpaavaHn @ cu-

rypHu B eAHo: HtKorarxHr4re XuSro&qu (AwapoSu,u) c Apyrou*re 3auQupxroSqu He ca MecrHn xopa; Karo crapu KpbcreHe-qu ca AouJAr4 orHtKbAe. O6a.re "orHgKb4e" u uor SaaraHarrcapa3nuql,rHr4 Heu{a(!) - cpB. 3a o4rypHocr n cnruera 3a AyMara1axaugxun e xari-xoeuc aKaAeMilqeH rbAKoBeH peqHhK Ha6unrapcrnn erur (Pevxnx na 6unrapcKnt e3uK, r.1, C.,1977,c. 396): 't-loBeK, roriro e poAer tal],r xuoee B craponnaH[HcKocelnule; nnaH u Heq". rA,,pyroro erHorpaQouuMHo 3HaqeHre HaAyMara -

'npe4craeurel Ha erHorpa$cra rpyna Ha 6urapc-KUfl HapOA, KOTTO HaCeMEa KOMnaKTHO MHOXeCTEO CeAUU{axa CeeepHa Sunrapnr'- HflMa orHouleH[e runn 6r,rorpaQranraxa ,A,nrraropa. Heroaara nnarira BoAn npon3xoAa cu or npn-AyHaBcKure ce^hu.la, c KoeTo cbrqo HapyulaEa noroMcfBeHoronny 6aaxan4pxuricreo.

A qo ce orHact 4o ncrucxarocrran un[ nnecren[Bocrra"

Ha noroMcrBeHng ceMHlrH, Kogro K. 9arupoa 'r3Anra B paHrHa BOKHa xapaKrepuohKa npn A[Krarogr, u4e cn pa3peuae6na 6enexKa or Ar4qeH xapamep. Aaropur Ha re3u peAoBe e4er,rcramreneH noroMcroeH ceMHux. Herosnre poAnrenn KaroTaKnBa HHKOTa He Ca My Aa8:r^n nPe3 r{eHnqecKuTe, cryAeHT-cKnTe/ acnnpaHrcKnre roAnHH, AoPtr B AeHr Ha HeroBara xe-Hur6a, cy,\ ara... 600 neea HaBeAHbx. B nnonnenra pa6orr xaroBr4coKoKcl:lln{uqrapaH HayqeH pa6ornrax. 3annarara Mu e ABanbrl,t no-ManKa oT ]r3ApbxKara na nnotonncrBeHoTo 6anran-4xnrive n.cemHve" Esrextaq XnexoBa. He npaera qecr Ha K.t{arrpoe no raKbB 4e6enaurxo-uHTel[reHrcK[ HaquH Aa cenoAnrpaBa c 6urapcxoro cemqecrao, 6uno ro noroMcreeHo,u^n He'.

46

s ts. PoXAEHATAAATABunpocur 3a poxAeHara Aara h3nu3auJe u3BbH 3aAaqnre

Ha roBa n3cAeABaHe. HecrorsercrBugra no Her o6a.{e nocro-9HHO 143û3axa Ha npeAeH nAaH npu Bct4tlKl4 npoy'{BaHilt,'Ko-

- nro npaBex, nopaAu Koero oTAeAgM orpaHilqeHo Mtcro n HaTa3n TeMa.

SraorpaQrarare ca KareropmqHu: T. Xnsxos e po,qex na 7.lX. 1911 r. B eAnHcrBeHara My 3:rcera n3BecrHa arro6raorpa-

Qur e nocorteHa caMo roArHara Ha paxAaHe (7lr6p. cur., r.24, c.5O4). Ha 4pyro Mrcro B eAuH orroeop Ha npuBercrBuerano cnyvari 60-ro.o,nulnuHara My (lzls6p. cbrr., r. XlX, C., 1976, c.200) rori o6qcHqBa Bbnpoca 3a poxAeHara cu Aara no cAeA-H'rt HaqhH, cpe.: "floeo,qtt, rotiro Hra cu6lrpa ryK, KaKro e n3-BecrHo, e Mogra 60-roAr,ru.rnr,rga. B nnoero Kpbu{enHo cBilAe-rencrao $r,rryprapa cawo gamama Ha KpbL4eHuemo. llponycxamae gamama Ha paxgaHemo. Ovesup,Ha nonbm e 6ua nugn, lAs-xox4afirc,t or rooa, qe no oHoBa BpeMe B celara xpu4a9axageLlama o6uxuo\eno egHa cegwuqa aeg paxgaHemo, a3 npnc-naAHax ra3u ceAMnqa oT AaTara Ha Kpbu{eHueTo L| ce no^y'{]4Aarara 7 cenremepu. Tara nonpaBux ro3n nponycK Ha nona.Ho r,rma BcurrKl4 ocHoBaHug Aa ce cMrra I qe gggo non, tuil ra-ro e 6nn B nilqHo cbcTonHlre, e AonycHan oqe eAHa rpeuKa -

c6tprcaa e eoguHama Ha l'toemo paxgane..."B e4Ha or 6raorpafnqHnre xHr,rrn (Mna4ocr, HapeqeHa

6op6a, c. 22) e4vrHntr or Qa,rur,rSraxaropure na To4op-Xrae-Koeara KoMyHncrnqecra ,o,erixocr npeAn 1944 r. Mapun 6on-ved rerp4n, qe 6a6a Mapyqa e 6nna no3Hara e l-lpaeeq cuc"cBotra rpartaorHocr". lzlsHeHa4ea farrur, ve ?WomHama xe-na He e 3Haeâ poxAeHaTa AaTa, H ro Ha cBog nbpBoPoAencux. 9urarearr pas6rapa, r{€ ToBa e HanbAHo HeBb3MoxHo.Bropo - Kpbu{eHerara, orKaK cbu{ecrByBa xpt,tcrutHcrBo nKpbu{eHK}r, no celara BnHarn @ ce }r3Bbpr.rtBann cyrpuu. He3Ha9 CeMHLrre t4 CeACKl4re'nOnOBe Aa Ca Ce Hanl4B:1A14 CyrpuHAo raKa&l creneH, ve p.'a 6upxar po{AeHara Aara Ha Kpbqe-Hnqero, yr B KoHKperHur cnyuar,r - Ha npeAonpeAeêHng oTSora Hari-eenrax 6u4eu4,A.,nrrarop Ha 6umapcxnr Hapo4. Mo-xe 6n 3:r ra3n qacr or vr3Mnclenara cn asro6raorpa$ran T.

47

Xusroe oqe npe3 1927 r. craea qAeH xa'Brs4upxarenHoroApy)KecrBo (EraorpaSnveH oLrepK, c. 17,401). Pag6rpa ce,nocle, BepogTHo no "naplnfiHo nopbqeHne", e rpn6ealo 4anonurlsa BbB Becenr KoMnaHuu. Heo6xo4rar,ao e Aa ce yroqHuta o6croqrencrBoro, qe HuKora n HnKbAe B Kpbu{elHnre cBu-4eiencrsa xe ca or6em3BaHn poxAeHnre 4ana. Or6eM3BaHae Aarara Ha Kpbu{eHero. flo eAHa clyqarisocr npnrexaBaMKpbu{enHo cBuAerencreo or 1911 r. - poxAeHara roAt4Ha Ha.A.,r.rrraropa. Torasa e poAeH n Mogr 6ar4a.

Heo6xo4ranno e Aa ce yrotrHr4 14 Apyro o6croRrencroo: Ae-qara He ce KpbqaBixa eAHa ceAMilqa cAeA paxAaHero, AoKa-ro rrtafixara e Aeryca. Aro T. Xusros 6eu:e nocoql4n, qe eKpbqreH noHe 40 AHn c eA paxAaHero o4, roaa o6croRrencr-Bo u{etl.te 4a 6r4e npneM uBo 3:l '{lararel]4re. Par6rapa ce, HeMoxe Aa ce npueMe n pa3npocrpaHeBaHara e l-lpaser4 aep-cr49, qe rori caan e npoMeHul poxAeHHara cn Aara cnep, 1944r., 3a Aa 6r4e Ha cneAeau-1ue AeH cêA ra3u Ha Brnxo 4epBeu-xo| (6.lX. '1900

r.), unrro "p,rcna prra" (no AyMnre na K. {am-po9, noc. crv.,49) crasa Xueroa. 9eHo, He ra3u e npt,tqr,tHara3a HarâceHaTa AaTa, 3ill{oTo B 3peôcrHoro cBUAeTeAcrBo HaAr4tcaropa, ny6nuryeaxo a Mna4exKara npuryprca Ha "Crup-uren"( noc. cuv.), e $r,rrcrapana ou{e npe3 1942 r. poxAeHara4ara "7 cenreMBpt4 191 1 r.".

B sanncxnre or BpeMero Ha repeHHure npoyqBaHuquMaM cleAHara 6enexra no cBnAerelcrBoro aa H. Hartgeuo|,yqurel u uHcneKTop e ilpaeeq, no-KbcHo Aeeq Ha ono3uquq-ra B ro3l4 rpaA, cpB.: "[1per 1981 r. yqnnnu{ero "Bacun AeBcKt4"ce npeMecrn B HoBa crpaAa. flpr,r nper"recrBaHero B pbqere M4"nonaAHa rnaBHara KHnra. 3ar,rHrepecyBax ce or ycnexa Ha To-Aop XnBKoB Karo yqeHnK... Toraea sa6elesax n po4AeHHara4ara, sanncaHa B ra3u KHmra - 14.Vll. '1911 r... fnasHara KHurac,reA ToBa 6escne4Ho npona4ra..."

Ceu4erencrBoro Ha Harip,eHoa roqHo noAKpeng Bepcnqra3a BeponrHrare 40 AHu cAeA paxAaHero, Koraro o6uxnoeexoce Kpbqaear 6unrapcrnre Aeqa. Cnope4 Bepcuera Ha T. Xus-KOB B Kpbr-UeAHOTO My CBnAeTeACTBO e Hanncana ,a,arara 14cenreMBpr4- Karo ce npr,rcnaAHar ueo6xo4u,r,rnre ,rauHumym 40AHr4 or ra3ta Aara/ 4ericreurenHo ce nonyqaBa BpeMe, 6ntasro

48

Ao ror,al, 3a Koero cBHAereAcrByEa H HafiAeHoB (cpB. pa3^lrKl4-re no HoBr4g 14 craPng KaAeHAapeH cru^).

,A,uec e rpyAHo Aa raAaeM 3a npnqnHnre, nopaAu Kor,rroT. Xrasroe e npoMeHvrl (?!) pox4eHara cr 4ara. E4xo o6aqe ecurypHo. Tesr Heo6qcxr,r,ur,r {arrn ro nocraaer B peAnqara Haxeo6scnumr,rre Qalcrra npn poxAeHlrre Aarlr Ha AuKraropnreuso6u4o, ero !r eArH KoHKpereH np[Mep or 6raorpaQnera HalTfocran 6por Tnro (ku lOpyxo\a, qwr. crv.), cpe.: "HeKa 3a-nOtfHeM nbpEo oT Ca,uaTa AaTa Ha nucmepuOsHOmO pAKgaHe HaTf ocran Epos. CannraRr Tnro npu pa3^uLtHu aryau ao6qa\a nn-Ko Kogamu- 7 uail 1893,12 napm 1892,6 Qe&pyapu 1892,14Mapml l0 pnu u HaKpafl 25 *nd, roriro e npa3HyoaH AocKopo[a. lOrocnasrnl xaro AeH Ha M aAocrra. A a 4oryr*eHra 3:rpaxAaHe e pen4crpupaHa Aarara 7 uah 1892 r.'

s 19. AnrtHoTo 14ME HA AmKTATOPAO6r4xxoeexo 6norpafrare Ha AnKraroprre

nce npexnac-earn npe4 A:rneqHn eruMonorun B TexHure Aur{Hn [MeHa ucsbp3BaT crapnHHnre 3HaqeHlrg Ha re3u r4MeHa c HgKaKBa nPe-AonpeAeneHocr B xnrericKr4t nbr Ha ceoure repon. TaraHanp. 6raorpa{r.rre Ha crBpeMeHHnKa H}r Cagau Xnceuu,u paKcKl4gT Al4 KraTOP, 3aAbAXUTeAH O 14 3TbKBaT CAeAH OTO 3H aqe -Hne HaHeroBoro AnqHo nnne: 'qosercur, xoiro ce nporl4Bonoc-rasq'. TaKa rori oqe no Atar.rHo uMe e npeAonpeAeleH or cbA-6ara xa apa6cxna HapoA Aa ce npon4BonocnBu Ha aMepr4-KaHcKr4t [Mnepu:rll4*m e parioHa !!!

Sinrapcxrare 6uorpaflr He ca ce cerulr4 Aa rpbrHar noro3u nbr B xr4T[ero Ha cBoq ,A,,raxrarop. Llnu nnoxe 6n ca 6unucM)4eHu, qe npocleAtBaHero Ha nMero Togop u{e rn orBeAenpu cBereqa Togop, r.e. KbM eAHo HexenaHo 3a KoMyHucru-qecKu AuAep qbpKoBHo ocBerleHne. Taxa ulta nHaqe, ]4cKaAr,rllt He ncKal, Togop XuBxoB e HapeqeH [MeHHo c ToBa uMeor "nuflHl4tn cnopeA Hero npaBelxKr4 cBeuleHnK.

nororiHuqr Cm. l4aueL, nbpor4er roMM 6unrapcxr,r aHrpo-noHnMncr, caM poAeH a Sorearpa4, qecro Mt,t e Ka3&il, ve "Bflpaoeq BceKn rperu qoBeK ce Ka3Ba To,o,op". Toea rerp.qeHueHa yqeHrq npoBep,rx 14 A&rqHo Ha Mtcro. flpoyvaaxero ycra-

49HoBl4, qe B [lpaBeq Hafi-pa3nPocrpaHeHnre ]4MeHa ca (raKa en cnopeA lzla. Mapunoe-EeHuH) TogopoSqu, l4Sano\qu n Bacu-ao6qu. l-luper,rar 3:lnoMHeH yqure^ a flpaaeq npes 1820 r. e6ran cuu-1o c uMero Togop.,A,opra e ltMalo nepuoA, Koraro no-paAn cn^Horo pa3npocrpaHeHr4e s flpaeeq Ha uMero Togop,Towo*ce1r4Te ca Ka3BaAu Ha npaBtraHu mowemamat, KaKro BMHOrO Apyru paraoHn npr4 raKuBa c^yqat4 HaceêHuero Ha qe-nr4 cena e HapntraHo Bauemama, zouemama, u noA. (gx. noge-qe no ro3l4 Bbnpoc npil M. Cm. MnagenoL, fipor,rsxo6 Ha He-Kon npo3Blru{a. - 6unr. esur 1962, xn.4, c. 335-336; Hasaa-HvrA vI npo3Bl4lqa Ha rpynu 6urapcro HaceneH[e, l4se. HalzlHcr. sa 6unr. e*rr, Xll, 1965, c. 169). l-lpnuuHara 3a pa3npoc-rpaHeHnero Ha roBa nMe e MaHacrupqero "C\emu Togop (Teo-gop, Tupou)" Kpari [1paeeq, crpoeHo npes 1866 r. MecrxoroHaceneHue ro Hapuqa Tygop nopaAn npa3HMKa Tygop'To4opoe4en', KoriTo ce.e qecrByBal Karo KaAeHAapeH u cb-6opeH B cenoro. Top,opoa4eH e cAaBtHcKu npolereH npa3HuKHa paBHoAeHcTBuero, npa3HyEa^ ce e, a u ou{e ce npa3HyBa Bcu6orara oKono 40 4xra npeAu Benux,4eH. Hrru4e ro Hapuqaru Koucxu $e'turgeu nopaAu Hag6rreaHr,rsla c KoHe, Kor4ro cenpoeexAar Ha ro3r4 4eH. flparHnKbr 14 flpaeeurunr MaHacr]4p

'Ca nMeHyBaHh no KaAeHAaPHltg CBeruq C rpbqKo nr'ne 0e6-Oopoo, Koero nMa roqHa en4Molornq '4ap or 6ora, 6oxnp,ap'. Toaa rMe e 6r,rno npeeero,eHo (rarrxnpano) Ha 6urapcrue3nK ou4e B ApeBHocrra, nopaAn KoeTo KaTo ToqHo HeroBo cb-orBercra[e cron 6unrapcKoro A],rqHo une 6oxugap, 6oeuqa. LATaKa, no eTuMoôruqTa Ha c8oeTo noxeâTe^Ho AUqHo uMe!.'rarraropur e npeAonpeAeleH xaro ',o,.ap or 6ora" 3a cBonrepoAnrenn,3a cBoero poAHo Mqcro... 14 3a cBoqra po4nna!!!

Hcroprn Ha nnnero Tqop s cdi eficrso Xnsxosu: T.Xfieros no crapa 6unrapcra rpaA]4r-U4t, HapuqaHa \pa4raqr,rn-Ta Ha KpbcrHoro hMe", e KpbcreH Ha cBog AtAo, cbr{o Hapn-uan Togop..Ap4oro o6aqe nopaAr4 npox3xoAa cu or qyKaqumeKpbcmeHrrJp He e KpbcreH Ha ceori 4n4o c uMe Togop, r.e.KptcrHaTa TpaAilqnq npu Hero cBbpllBa unu... 3anoqea. ToEahMe BeporrHo My e AaAeHo, Koraro e 6nn Ha oKono 20-ro4r,r-urHa B*pacr, or HsKaKbB Kpbcfir4K 6unraprau or flpaeeq, xori-ro ce Hap[qa^ rara (To.a,op), no BpeMe Ha MaAKor43BecrHo-

50ro noKpbcrBaHe Ha qnraHtare npbr 1B7B r., 3a Koero craHaBbnpoc no-HanpeA B roBa onlrcaHne, T. Bacvr,ruoe (Cnomenn,c. 363) ocBerntBa, ramo aeqe ce nocot{I4, To3u npoqec: "EguuHegeAeH geH npes gexen$pu 1878 e. Bcu,arcu opxanuicxu queaHu,cmapu u i,t agu, Mbxe u xeHu, npuexa c6emomo Kpu4eHuel uAuKaKmo me ce uepasn&axa, 'cmaHaxa 6treapu". 4uno9uu4ume uno-Buguume epaxgaHu 6nxa no\urcaHu ga cmaHam 8*npueuuu-u,u: Scexu Kpbcmu no egHoeo unu gSaua u My gage uuemo cd'.

,,A,,Hec e rpyAHo Aa ce nocoqu rofr or no-Bt4AHt4Te nooHoBa BpeMe rpaxAaH[ na flpaeeq e craHan '\b3npuetuuurc"

n^n KpbcmHuK Ha nbpBl4e To4op e Xu\rco\crun lAwapoSun,3amSuprno\c,(ut) poA.. Koriro r Aa e 6rn, nroxe Aa 6bAe cno-KoeH: HeroBoTo nMe no HeKpbBHa AuBvl9. Beqe ce Hocl4 oTuem9rpmu Togop. Hari-manrnrr To,a,,op, BHyK Ha AnKraropa,Aoplr ro pa3Hacgue Hen3oecrHo rGAe u3 Eapona nnm Kaxa4acnopeA HetcHnre cuo6u4enun sa npe6raeauaHero My r,r3BbHcrpararan

firpar,ur Togop B poAa Xu\rco\u-Awapo$u e 6ran Togop3auSilpxto. Busl^oxHo e BTopara qacr, craHam npo3Bl4r.qe, gae 6una nnpSomo ny ft4ueaxcro) uMe omnpegu noxptcm&aHemo .

B cemerina cpeAa Ha AocKoporuHna p,urrarop BilHarn caKa3BaAtl il npoAbnxaBar Aa Ka3Bar camo Tdwtco, Tara ro Hap]r-qa Ao p,nec (1990 r.) n Heroeara nbpBa 6paroeve4ra [-la. 6aN-irlpoBcKa. B Aecnqoeo, Flasap4xraulKo/ npe31939 r. e 6un Ha-pvfqaH Towxama (ex. 8. Xpucmo\a, noc. ctv.)

B Hoaorosopa Ha ynpaB rBau{ara BbpxyurKa nMero Ha,,A,lrrraropa ce n3rooapqule BnHarn B opnruHal, c oQnquanHuaBapnaHr Togop XuBxoS. Bte Bcrxa no3ur-{r4r roBa r,rMe ce cbn-poBoxAaue or 6rnrapcKara AyMa c ne6unrapcKo 3HaqeHhegpyaap (gpyzapa gpyzapn).

B xpnnroroBopa - ra3n noqil4 Heperucrpl,rpaHa B KHr4.x-HUHara peq Ha HapoAa no BpeMe Ha AuKrarypara - AnqHorot,tMe Ha ,A,rarcraropa BrHar]4 ce ynorpe6gBaue B crtan]r3npaHoo6arpeHra BapnaHrn n KoHreKcril - raKa "4pyrapar To4opXnBKog" or HoBoroBopa craHa 6ail Towo, cpB. Hanp. B KbcHl4-re KH[xH14 penrcTpaqnn: "Axo Aenyrarure (s A iostaHcreorocn) ca HeAoBoAHr4 or,a,ericramra Ha cup,e6Hara Blacr, no-,qo6-pe e Aa 6rp,,ar cMeHeHu npoKypopl4 14 csr4Aeren[, orKolKoroAa cr npncBonr cup,e6Hra QyHxqnn. Axo re ce crpaxyBar, qe

51"6aA Towo *tKoH ro xe loBr", no-p..o6pe e qpe3 3aKoHoAarel-Hr4 perxeHnt Aa npeMaxHar uMyHnrera My" (TpyR, 6p. 158,1990, c. 1); "Ana cleAeau{ure peAoBe He ca urera/ Aparn cbHa-poAHr4qr4, 3€rqo Aa He onpaBAaeM Hatt.lhe 6ad Towd'(flornep,,6p.24,1990, c.8-9).

Hapo4rr cb3AaAe rMero 6ad Towo. Cnoxra My cBoero6ad, xato e 6ail faurc, Ho c ernMonorng or 6alraHcroro B cra-pr,fn ̂ uHrBa QpaHra Ha rbproaqure, KbAero 6ai e osaaraaealonpocro 'rocnop,nH'. Tara c 6ari 'rocho4nn' Touto nMero Hap,rarraropa 6eue cHnxeHo, 6eue xonnnpoMen4paHo BeAHara/3au{oro roi Hnrora He 6eure u no AocrofiHcrso Ha Bbpxa Hanr4paMnAara, Koqro 6eue yrypnupan. Taxa c e3xKa clr Ha-

POArr Cb3AaBaue lr npoAb^)r(Ba Aa cb3AaBa oTHoueFnn...[1o Heee4oMr nbr]ru-1a cpeA HapoAa nnb3Ha c }acbr, qe

To4op Xusrog e xenaen npncbeAnHtBaHero Ha Eunrapur ra-ro 16-ra peny6nrara rur,r CCCPIo. B xpnnroroBopa BeAHara cenoqanxa aHrponoH[MH]4re peaKquu: cHuxeHoto Towo Ayne-gd\e4, ApyraAe Towo fwotiseq ce cabp3aaue c eAnHaHe(Aor, roraro ce pa3Ka3Baue HaBcrlGAe ta 3apaAu xofiroMHoro uHreneKryanqu nonaAHixa B 3arBopa. Ero n cbAbpxa-Hnero my: Xpyu.rvoB peul4n Aa npoBepu Kor4 or carenurnre Myca BepHu. flpecropran ce Ha noKoriHnr u AerHaA s Masso,\eqHa Mrcroro Ha Crannx Ao rrnoro Ha AeHuH. 3anouxann 4anpucrurar oneqaneH[re. ,{oluu 9xotl Ka4rp, nolox}rl qee-r9., Ho npoa,lbpnnopn^ Ha cBor Hepar6pan e3mK eAHa ncyBHs.Taxa nocrunnnn u noncKugT, n qeurKt4fr u np. npeAcraBurelr4Ha coq arepa. flpucrura Touo, xBbpnt ce Bbpry TflAoro Ha"nokorlnnra" n 3ano.{Ba Aa ro qenyBa orAoly Harope. Xpy--qoB He n3Abp)Ka, craoa n Ka3Ba: nCrura, Toruo, no3Hax re."

llo rosn noBoA B Kpnnrorooopa ce noqBn r BapBaph3MbrmoSapuq @aogop Xpucmunno9uv XuBxoS, p,eSopr'aanrB or eA-Ha yHilBepcalnn B 6unrapcxara aHTponoH[Mr4R, B KoflTo aH--TponoHuMHo ca onpeAenqHn BcgKaKBil "SnAil" or peAoBere Ha6rnrapcrara ynpaeuBau{a BbpryuKa, cpo. Hanp. AugpedKapno\uu AyxanoL, l4cxeugep,4auuoay r noA.

Cne,q xaro T. Xuaros 3anoqna Aa h3nn3a a vyx6uHa, u roHa 3ana4, KbAero c MHoro sneKBaH[q ta napoHt4mHu rpeuKunpeAcraBgrxe nocpeAcrBeHocrra ua 6unrapcxoro o6parosa-H!re, HapoAbr BeAHara ro Hapeqe Ieg u canno Tegu xato eBpo-

52neu3npaHa Qopr* na Togop no aHrA. Ted, Tedy - AeKoMno3u-paHo or Theodore cbc cbulara eruMolorne xaro 6unr. Togop,rp. Oe66topoo, Aar. Theodorus no theos'6or' u doron'6ap'.l4nnero legu cpe,q 6urapcxure taHreneKryalq]4 ce cabp3BauJec uMero na Teg / Teogop 6e6um (xarup,e 6a6um), râBeH re-pou B poMaHa "6e6nrn (Babbit) Ha aMepnKaHcKr4e nncarelCranxnep Arorac (Lewis) l4mero Ieg xaro BapraHT aa Togop, taqtloro nne Togop Xu$xo9, ce norBn B KpgrnroroBopa Hecay"rafiro. leponr xa Apnc Ieg e npep,npneMquB ]r npaKrn-qeH B qAenKlrre qoeeK, Heu{o Karo Hauero 'brynnyu", ecHaQ,Ho rcvrcr4qecKn run Ha aMepnKaHcKlrs ecHa$, ror,rro onn-qerBoperxr I aMep[KaHcKara Ar4reparypa 6ee4yr"uxr,rn 6e6n-ToBcKnc rnn B xkreora. Sunrapnre B3exa roBa nMe He rnu{orocr4 Ht,\ axMe ceori Teg 6e6um B Arqero na 6aA hurc 6aaranc-,(u, a sauloro no BpeMero Ha AnKrarypara erHoQaynnsMur 6atfanw (fanrc, uHxeHep faxteS, uHxeHep fane\ 3anoqxa Aa cen3norcyBa Karo asroefioHr4M-npo3Bnu4e, o3HaqaBaue raso6-u{o HeûqenpurrHa qeprra or 6urapcKara HapoAoncnxono-ruc. l4A eHxo no ra3n npr4r{rHa ce 3ae rMero Teg a nbpBntqoBeK B Abpxaoara, s Aa npeAcraBr no ceoeo6pa3eH aHrpo-noHlrMeH HaqlrH 6ariraHuoarqilHara or Bbpxa Ha AbpxaBHaraHlr nnpaMt,t4a. Tara 6erue AoBbpuJeH o6pasur Ha npocl4t qo-BeK or o6pasoaarnc XX eer, roriro 6er-ue nona4H;rn KaroBceKr4 6ari laHuo He raM, KbAero My e Mtcroro. lGro o6paey-aaHe roea aHrponoHxruHo npo3Br4ule Ha 6urrapcxraa .A,nr-Tarop nMa cBoure aHaô3r,t nPn uMeHara Ha KoMyHr4crl4qecKu-re AuKTaropn r,rso6u1o: Mailrcn, fop6u xaro uMeHa na Muxauafop6aao8, Xonu n Epux Xonuxep, Huxu a Huxonae Vaywecxy nnoA.

flpra e4Ho nocerqeHile xa To4op Xueroe a [rpqran 6un-rapcKaTa reneE&r3r4r noKa3:l cpaBHure^Ho KoMr4qHa cqeHa -Hatr.lnfr naprueH n AbpxaBeH pbKoBoAl,rren "ce xsbpnn" Aa qe-AyBa rpbqKnfl npeMlrep K. KapamaHluc, raKa KaKro npaBeulec Aeoxra4 Spexnea. .A,oaraxr,rnur, He or{aKBaA TaKaBa ncup4ev-

Hocrn, ce orApbnHa rHycnlrBo n 6unrapcrhre pexlrcboph HanpeAa8aHero BeAHara l4Ml4rnpaxa nperGc8aHe xa o6para. HenpeAnonaraxa o6ave, qe B e3nKa, B KpnnroroBopa o6pasur xarrbpB'rt 6tnrrapcrr,r AbpxaBHnK or ra3n cqeHa r4e ce pa3Bueqpe3 ilMero My no rpbqKlr MaHnep go Togoprcu.Oqe Ha Bro-

53pmt AeH 6unrapnre Beqe Ka3FJ:xa (no nnqHm sanncrn): "Togo-paKu ce BbpHa or frpqna". Kasoaxa roBa I oHe3u Abnru qaco-Be, Koraro 3a HeroBrre noAaHtaqn 6rxa nperucHar[ nbrHr{Teaprepwr Ao Aernu{ero il Ao qeHrbpa ra CoQr,ra.

lzlnnero Togopaxu, Karo cn4nucrur{Ho MapKnpano AHec, eno3Haro B l4cropr4rra xa 6rnrapcrara aHrponoHnMug. Tara cace Hapnqaln o6nxHoeeHo re3n Togopofiqu, Kor4ro ca npoMe-Hann 6unrapcKnre cn HaBuqr4 u ca ce nporBrBarnil Karo rbpKo-MaHn. Oco6exo o4AHo e 6uno pa3npocpaHeHo lrMero cpeAnnOBAl4BCKl,lTe rbPKOMaHn, n3BeCTHl4 C l,lMeHaTa eyguAU U AaH-eepu. B Apyrn c^yr{ar4 nMeHa rato Togoparcu, Ilempaxu, U\aua-KU n noA. ca AaBaHu s cel er4craoro I AercKa Bmpacr. Jzlnneroe tcHo e 6unrapcrne e3nK t,t rorrHo Karo B rpbLlKr4 (cpe. @e6-OopcrxQ o3Haqaoa'ManK[t To4op, Touxo'. 14 rosa uMe npo-AbDKaBa cbulo Karo Tegu, Teg Aa ce u3norcyea 14 AHec, Koraro,A,umaropur, MaKap n He raKa crpauleH, npoAbDKaBa AaSErHlMaBa gbo6paxeH uero Ha 6unraprare.

B xpnnroroBopa asroffirn4rrHo ce cBAaAe n cKoponoro-BopKara cbc 3HaqnMocr Ha aHe\Aor: "B Srnraprr uma flexoTarcu, Maxo y',axu, Togopa(u n ManKo mpaxtitll.

Cne,q nrearupa" c eAHa npnM[T]rBHa cnpoffixoMrincKapeq Ha T. Xraeros s ElaroesrpaA HapoAbr BeAHara My AaAecBoe innaAHo6hnrapcKo, MaKeAoHcKo no Konopr4r nne TowC.C nexcnrann3aqngra cn roBa yrMe 3anoqHa Aa ce ynorpe6neanoBceMecrHo, npu roBa caMo q^eHyBaHo - Tou-t>mo. lzlrrnero6eure I KoHTeKcra Ha raKuBa AeKoMno3un4 ta AeMuHyr]4Bn ornMeHara Ha AnKraropr4, Karo Cmd$xa Ha Cmanun, Mitwa naMuxaua fop6auo\, Ahua ua Aenun u noA.

Pasraseat, ve,A,nrraropbr 3HaeA Bcr4r{Kr,r hMeHa u BuqoBecrc cBonre r4MeHa 14 n4 npr4eMan Karo "farunnnapHo orHoue-Hne Ha HaPoAa KbM Hero, noPoAeHo oT HeroBoro HapoAHlt-qecKo 4rpxaHne". [1o cuu4ecrBo cuAaBaHero Ha raxr,rsa Qop-Mu B e3uKa He ciMo B c.rr1nrat 'To4op XnBKoB", Ho u HaBcgKb-Ae no cBera orpa3goal cH[xeHo, carmpnqHo, npene6pex]4ren-HO OTHOUeHne KbM AlrqHOCTra Ha AUlfiaTOPnTe ,1 nbpBl4Te pb-KoBoAnrenh Ha Abp)<aBr4re. Tara c npoBalnHero Ha nepecr-porixara e CCCP B Kp[nroroeopa Muwa BM. llnloro Muxaunfop6avo6 npeAaaa Beqe Apyro orHoueHue KbM ro3r,t yMepeHpe$oprr,rarop, Ho HeyAaqeH ynpaBHuK B r4cropuera Ha Crser-

54cKr4t cbro3. Cne,q npoeana Ha nbpor4g 6unrapcrra npe3uAeHrcpeqy nMero llemtp MaagenoS BeAHara ce notBl4 v flewo,gopn [lewo Macmurama (ex.A. HadgenoB, Tprare 6r,rorpaQraraxa fierup Mna4euoe, .A,e6arn, 6p.1,1990, c. 12).

l-lpes 1981 r., Koraro,A,,rarraroprr HaBbprxr4 70 r., ce nor-Br4 14 ilMero gngo Towo.llpn 4arctpo9 (ryr. cbr{., c. 85) e npep,-craBeHa Bepcngra, ue To4op Xr4groe caM ce e Hapnqan "MAoTo4op". B roHrperxnn cnprara la ToBa e Bb3MoxHo/ Ho c uMe-ro "p,r,a,o Touro" B KpnnroroBopa ce u3pa3tBaue orHotr.teHlteKbM 3acrap9BaHero Ha.AbpxaEH hr pbKoEoAnre^.

(DammnnapHoro r4Me Towrco, c Koero npaeqaHu ca Hapu-uann Togop Xuhrco|, craoa nony epHo 14 cpeA HapoAa. C seroo6aqe ce Ha3oBaeaxa il il3BecrHnre KoMr4qu Towxo Kone9 uTowxo KosapeS. Hsxori or rtx 6eu.re cus4aa n3pa3a: "Hue cr*erpuMa Touxoequ, Kol4To pa3cMnoaMe Srnrapur". ilpes oneruroAilHt4 ce roeopeue, tte s;l ra3u "Kpunara {para" ca nocrpa-Aant,r ABaMa or rpuMara Touxoaqu.

Kora n KaK e ab3Hr4KHaA HapoAHr4qr r43pa3: 'To4ope, To-Aope, Abpro nnarape!" cera He Mo)Ke Aa ce )4oqHn. B nepr,ro,a,aHa Ar4Krarypara o6aqe rori ar4Haru ce ynorpe6gBaue B rpun-roroeopa Karo aApecupaH uMeHHo KbM [nrraropa.

B ronxperHus cnprari ce BhxAa, qe uMeHara sa rA,rarraro-pa cbcraBqr qt^a crPaHnqa, npu roBa u3K^rorrl4Te^Ho Ba)KHa,oT hcropmgra Ha e3rKa Ha A[Krarypara.

s zo. sArql4HoTo 14ME HA AI4|fiATOPAflo eper're Ha AnKrarypara ro $arrnvecru 6erue Heu3Bec-

rHo Ha 6unrapnre. B ynorpe6a 6eure camo Togop XuBroS,xafi-qecro c onpeAe^eHnero gpyeapl' Togop Xu6xo8. E4rancr-BeHo B eHLU4KAoneAnnre n r 6norpafrar{H[Te cnpaaK[, Kol4roce nogBsa:rxa npeAu us6opu, uMero Ha BoxAa 6erue no o$ra-qu:MHara 6unrapcra rpn[MeHHa c]4creMa: Togop Xpucmo|XuBxoS. B l-{K xa 6Kl-l pa6oreue eAuH gpyr Togop Xu1rco9,npoQecop Qonxnopracr, xoriro :j:lBbprxr4 Kapuepara cn B nap-tt,rriHara aAMuHncrpaqnfl Karo r{nHoBHr4K a ra6uHera Ha T.Xnsros. 3a 4a He ce 6rpra rosr,r Tora,op Xnsrog c flupamn,larAbnxnrenHo My Ka3Baxa Togop LlSauoB Xu\rco|, noHe raKa

556er-ue I HauJilTe aKaAeMr4rrHr4 cpeAu. A p,oronroro par6r,rpanneor Apyr cbrpyAHl,rK xa .A,umaropa - 6morpa{a r.ay K. 9arupoe(ex. Bropnrr er;DK, c. 101) rozn Togop ?18. XuSxoB e Ka6uHerae 6nn HapnqaH cano Togop l4\anoB, r.e. camo c nnqxo n 6a-lul4Ho UMe.

Eau-lnHoro u*re Xpucmo| a 6norp.{nnra Ha .A.,nlcaropace notBl4 He Ha 10 noemepra, Koraro 6elue ceaneH or Blacrra,a HtKonKo AHr4 cAeA ToBa, Koraro KonnyHucruqecKara naprut

Pe|.xn Aa ce orKoKe or Hero 14 Aa 3:lMacKnPa cBoero Ml4HanoKaro opraHu3arop Ha Torilnr,rrapHara cncreMa. Toraea B "qapc-Kara aHrponoHnMnf" xa Suraprat ce noqBr4 lrMero TogopXpucmo| XuBxoE. flupaara My notBa 6eu.re e HeroBhr AmqeHo$r,rqr,roa "Pa6orHuqecKo 4eAo", nocne npeMuHa BbB BcuqKt,lnapruriHm u3AaHMg (no roea BpeMe HenapruriHu ou{e Hecbu{ecrByoaxa). Taxa nogBara Ha 6au-lnxoro nMe o3HaqaBauie/qe Beqe Togop XpucmoS Xu\xo| He e or "4pyrapnre", r.e. orynpaBmBau{ara naproKpaqrr. Aarol an4.rHo Karo [3pa3 Hacbu{oro orHoureHue or 3aAbDKl4re^Hara KoHcrpyKqnn gpyea-pnm Togop XuSxoB ornaAHa n "gpyzapnm".

,,A,aere reHAeHq[]4, uMeHHo noflBara na 6au4uHoro nMe uornaAaHero Ha onPeAe^eHr4ero gpyeaPt Bneqar^nxa Eetre oc-eo6ox4aeau{ne ce KpnnroroBop. no ro3n noBoA B neqara cenoflBr4 en[rpaMara Ha Murron BodcxoSa "l4r*enyeann ce" (s."CrbpuJeA" 2296,1990, c. 3), cpe.:

Aoxr4Brx nar.r-noc,re

Te3t4 BpeMeHa

4a vyn xa Bo44a

TpuTe uMeHa.

B pasroeopHara cpeAa Ha flpaeer4 o6aqe [rarraropur e6urn xapuvaH npeAu Aa ce u3Kaqu xa Bupxa caMo c umeto To-gop PucmrcSun unu Togop ua Pucmao 3auQupxao, Togop uaPucmrc 3auSuprao\ust T.e. cbc 3ana3eHoro KpbcreHquJKo nMe.

s 21. MATPOH14MbTTepmnHur MampoHuM e oHoMacruqeH. C Hero ce Ha3oo:l-

Bar re3n nMeHa Ha 6unrapure, Ko'rro ce npon3Bex4ar or anafi-

56r{nHoTo uMe. npn BcilqKt4 c^yqau HoctT HaKaKBa neiopaTuEl4-:jau-llrg, Tvln HuKoAa Pagun, B 3HaqeHue 'HnKona, ct4H Ha PaAa'.Eunrapnre Hap[qar raxa o6uxHoBeHo: 1) 4eqa 6es 3aroHeH6ar4a; 2) 4eqa, ocraHann paHo 6es 6ar4a n orr eAaHlr ornaarararal 3) rneseHu or nnaraxara 4eqa.

B l-lpaeeq, poAHoro Mrcro xa p,nrraropa, o6aue nMeHa-Ta Ha -nH He ce csbP3BaT c Hl4To eAHo oT nocoqeHnTe ycôBr4tHa aHrpononrar*noo6pa:yBaHero npr 6unraprare. Tyr npn noq-n4 Bcr4r{Kr4 Qantanrara peAoBHo ce o6pasyear nMeHa Ha -}rH.Tara e a ryp6ervrafrcKr4re qeHrpoBe, KbAero npe3 Abnrtare AerarAaBHa rpuxa ra ce^nericreoro e uMana marixara.

B ['f paeeq [r,toaroprr e no3Har n c MarpoHuna Togop :Totutco Maplquu. MarpoHuruur e no lrMero xa r"rafrra ny Mapy-qa, pa3rêAaHo no-Hanpe4. Onurur Ha npaBqaHu Aa cobpxarrorn Togop Mapyt4un c pa6ornneocna Ha Mapyqa u neHocrrana Xpncro, 6au4ara Ha .A.,urraropa, e npeAHaMepeH. Sercnop-Ho e, qe HaAnLle e eAeMeHT or eAHa o6r4ocencra axr-ponoHnMHa nparrura!

5 22. POAOB14TE ]4MEHAAxrponoHraMHara Bepcyrt ga nosHaroro poAoBo nne XuB-

xo9 e:1) .re ro e 3aero npr4 noKpbcrBaHero or Apyrn Xilaxos-qu, KopeHsqr e XneroBcKara Maxana : Xneroequ a f'lpaeeq;2) qe e KanKa Ha qnraHcKo'ro fwapxo: fwap or ryp. yagmak a3HaqeHne 'xtaBes'. l-lo rarn Bepcnr AaleqHoro poAoao HMeXuSxoSqu e fwapo9u : Awapo\u. XuBxoBu e KpbcreHrurKoro14M mMe oT cêAqnraHcKr49 nepuoA.

,4n. Aaexcaugpo| (noc. crv.) rarp4ra, ve To4op Xilsros xeBnHarH ce e npeAcraoql c roBa poAoBo nme. nHa ,u aAil roA[-Hu - nnuJe rori - 6ileunsr AbpxaBeH pbKoBoAnren ce e Ka3-na Togop XpucmoS Togopo9, no-KbcHo npoMeHrn uMero cr4aa Xu&xo&'.

B Ha6opuara KHura MâAnrr To4op nper 1932 r. e3anucaH cbc ceraurHoro cr4 nne Togop Xpucmo$ XuBxoB (ex.17. KoBaueE, Tpyp,oaarur or LUecra pora). BugnnoxHo e no-pa-Ho Aa e Hoo4A Qarrnr,rnxo nne Togopod no nnnero Ha MAo ct4To,qop (3annQrapxuo), n roea e clBceM ecrecrBeHo. Tosa talne

57nocoqBa n H. Hari4eHoB, Motr r,tn$opanarop or flpaeeq, xori-ro e Hanb^Ho crrypeH, qe raKa - Karo Togop XpucmoS Togo-pog - e 6ran 3anncaH 6u4eqranr Abp)KaBeH r aBa B rlaBHaraKHr4[a Ha yqnnnu{e "Bacnn AeBcKl4". Toea o6aqe He npoMeHgHeu4ara. [1o cuuqecrao TogopoA He e poAoBoQannrnno nMe, aAqAoBo. J4cruxcroro $annr,rnxo rMe e KpbcreHtuKoto Xu$-xo9, roeto roqHo orpa3gBa u npoMgHara a xoH{ecnara'T.e.n pu eMaH eTo Ha npaBoc^aBHoro xpr4cn4tHcrEo oT HqKoraurH !r-Te "e3nvHuqlt", HapngaHu qyKa.ru.

s 23. POAOBOTO nPO3BvltqEPo.qoaoro npo3Bl4u4e 3auQupxro ce tl3nomyoa i€ BcurrKn

qneHoBe Ha poAa Xugrosu: AlAoro e Togop 3auSuprcrc, 6a-r4ara e Xpucmo 3anQupxto, cl4Hbr e Togop (Towrco) 3auQupxtonw 3a,uQupxaoBun. AnrponoHlrMHure Bepcilr4 ca: 1) qe e Mo-xe 6n MarpoHl4M no rMe Ha qnraHKa 3am$upa or npeAKpbcre-HtlllKr4s nepnoA Ha qyKaqure AwapoSu;2) qe e MbxKo A'rqHoune 3auQupxao or npeAKpbcr€nflu-rxnR nepr4oA ua Auapoeu.

tzl npn eAnHue, n npr Apyrrfl cnyvai lrMero ocraBa h BKpbcreHguKng nepnoA Karo poAoBo npo3Bl4u{e Ao HoBoropoAoBo une Xu$xo6u. Taraea npaKMKa e oco6eHo qecra npucMtHara Ha nMeHara (nocne ce norBbpAn npn noKpbcTBaHeroHa quraHure - 1960 r., Ha noMaqure - 1972 r.t .A Ha rypqnre HnorypHallnre npe3 1984-1989 r.) Ctu{ecreyoa r rpera Bepcut- qe Moxe 6n e no MecrHoro sau$ipxao, erHoHrMHo npo3Bt4-u{e € u,ueaHuH. B cnyvaa ce cb3AaBa no Hari-ynorpe6reaxoroqlfraHcKo nne 3aufup, 3auQupa npra 6urapcKnre h pyMbHc-Kure qlrraHra (pym. Zamfira) c npon3xoA or rp. oo+rgrrpoo'canQnp'. Taxaea npaKTnKa e qecra npta erHoHl4Mr43ilr.ll4sra.Tara Hanp. rypt{r{re no cBuAerelcrBoro na 3. Cmonno| ca uuHapnqann no xari-qecrure nMeHa e 6rnrapcxara aHTponoHu-mns : Vcmos H Aa p I n e m KoAa p, lil o\a nta p.

,58

s 24. AOBABbqH]4TE ]4MEHAI. loda4uaHume uMena za y',uxmamopa

B drrcapcxun no&uofup npee 195G1989 e.

Hgrou 6enexrm KbM Teoptaqra na 4o6aBbqHnre uMeHa BaHTponoHilMHara o4creMa Ha 6rnrapcrnr e3taK npuHaA4exarHa aoTopa Ha ra3u xxnra (ax. T. \anxaucrcu, Krr',u<nacr,r$nKaqn.tra Ha 4o6aervHure HMeHa, EuAr. erur, 1989, rH. 4, c.357-360): 3a xapaKrepncrrlKr,rre Ha HoBoroBopa I nocoqeHht ne-puo4 (1956-1989 r.) ganoqHa Aa ce nnure eABa c^eA nbpBrreonrru sa pas6r,reaHe Ha rorarnnrapHara AbpxaBa (ex. noaeqenpu fl. Mutuar<o\, Kar 4a roBopr4M 3a HoBoroBopa nlla Mera-

{oprare Ha ̂ oroKpaqrera/ s. Ber 21 , 6p.23, 1990, c. 6).flop, go6aBtqHo uwe ce pas6upa oHoBa o6mxHoeeHo noq-

TnreAHo hMe/ Koero ce npra6aer KbM [Mero Ha u3BecrHa n]4q-Hocr, c Koero r9 qraBa no3Hara o o6tqecreoro, B ncropntra.lzlnrocrpaqran ra4o6aautrHo nMe e [Mero Mecun c rpbqKu KilA-Kr4paH BapnaHr Xpucmoc, B 3HaqeH[e 'noMa3aHuK', c Koero e6nn nogxar l4qc,t. xap. "Crx Boxnri", r43eecreH Karo rpa(Aa-HrH Ha Pnmcrara t,tMnepnr c hMero klowya Xo Hotqpu. B na-r.lara ncropna gco6eHo nonyupHo e noqrurenHoro 4,o6aauu-no Anocmona KbM HMero xa Bacnn Aeacxn. Baxua rrepra HaAo6asbqHrre uMeHa e rrxHara no3uqt,tq e egurca.Te Ha3oBaBarHocr4Tennre cr4 B nbneH ceMaHTr4qeH o6em camn, 6el xarrnvn-ero Ha AuqHoro unn Qar'annmoro ilMe. B ncropranra Ha esuqure4o6aeuvunre uMeHa cbBceM ecrecrBeHo Bb3Hr4KBar BbpryocHoBaTa Ha pea^Hure KaqecrBa Ha nuqara, Kol4To Ha3oBaBaT.,A,o6aervnoro noqrrTenHo ltMe B Hoeo,rooopa e pe3ynTar HaHeilcKpeHa meraQoprasaqng, Ha eAHa aHrponoHlrMHa Abxa, cKonro no nMeHeH nbr ce n3rpaxAa Ky rbr runn nnquocrra. Ho-BOrOBOpbr e Pea lr3aq]{fl Ha ]r3HacrneH'|f, AexcHKa eH ]r ce-i^anTur{eH e3}rK Ha roralrrapHnre o6qecrsa. no cbqecrgonpu Al4Kraropr,rre rori paxp,a Ha nbpBo Mecro 6es6pori 4o6a-BbrrHl4 uMeHa u ent,trern KbM Ttx. HqAAa roranurapururu 6erliMeHa xnnep6onu 3a BoAeu{ure AnqHocnr B Hero. Dpurt 6o-pe| napnua re3u nMeHa "nponaranp,Hl,r" u a3 cMtraM, qe ro3r4repMxH Moxe Aa ce nP[eMe u I ob^rapcKara oHoMacruKa Ka-

59ro noApa3AeneHue Ha Ao6aobqHnre lrMeHa cpeu{y SoH4a HanoqrnrelHnre nMeHa cpeA rnx. Ilponaeangnume ui4eHa ca npe-cnneHo noqrnrenHu/ no cbu{ecfBo AbxenoqrnTenHu, 3au{oTocAeA cMflHara Ha AnKraropa re aBroMarnqecKn ce ra6paenr nn3qe3Bar. Ero Hqronxo roHxpefH[ npilMepa no D. Sope|(Cranr,rnr,ra4a. ,A,yua, 6p.9,1990, g. il. n. 8. Cmanun npure-)KaBa cieAHure nponaraHAHl4 ilMeHa: Benuxunm Boxg, Boxg uac\emo$nus npoAemapuam, 5at4a na Scu,axu Hapogu, Boxg, 6aqau y.lumeA, Bepen yqumet u cLpamHuK ua Aeuuu, Kaacux Ha uapK-cugMa, Benux uumepHaquoHaAucm, leuunm ua qoSeqecmBomo,Hart-go6pun m n pue me| ua crSemcrcu me Qusfu,tmypH ut lu (xe,res-Huqapq MexaHwamoput KoMo3Hut-p) n r.a. fl. Mu^,aaxoB (noc.cuq.) e cu6pa,r cneAHrre nponaraHAHr,r p,o6aeuvHn erMeHa 3arpyMbHcKr,fe Al,rKrarop Huxonae tleyuecxy. Apxumexm, 6au,a;6oe, 6op, 6opeu, 6pam, 6rget4e, \o1Boga, Bogumea, Boiu,Boxg, Btagemen, Bnacm, Brnmt4euue, Btpxo\en noSenumea,fapaum, feuui, fopgocm, !t6, Enoxa, Epa, Xap, 3axouogamen,3ua,ue, 3uaueuue (sop,uaranxo), 3uaaeuoceq, l4s\op, l4cmuua,I4cmopun, Kapnamu, Koaoua, Ktpuumen, Aeeenga, Meuma, Mairc,Meg, Ha\ueamop, Hagexga, Huu6a, O6enuct<, Oztu, Onuu,em-Sopenue, Ocno\amen, I1asume4 llpercpacen npuHt-1, Ilpunmet,Ilpamexur, lTpoexmaum, flponem, llpopor, flum, [TtmenoKa3a-men, Pagemen, Pe\onnquoHep, \uunun, CSemeq, C$emnuua,Cuu\oa, Cuu na o$Htlemot Amqe, Cnacumea, Cmamea, Ctsga-mea, Ctsuauue, Ctsuauue Ha c:hiHaHunma, Cwpo\ut4nuqa, Ctp-4€, Tumau, Tpu6yn, Tpy>xeuur, Vuumen, Vygo, l-leay6ra.Or4txHr,r cn, vntarento!

flo..rrn cbuloro KoluqecrBo nponaraHAHr4 nMeHa or ne-proAa 1985*1989 r. cu6pux n 3a T.XuBxo&. [.lupeorava^H]rerMn 3aMhcbn figrrle Aa ultocrprpaM BcsKo uMe n ennrer cKoHreKcr n 6v6nuorpafcrra 4aHHra 3a aBropl,rre Ha cloaecHo-ro 6eerpr6Haque. loumoro Konl4qecrBo ]rMeHa, a u HetcHoroMn nonoxeHue noA ctHKaTa Ha ToAKoBa MHoro BucoKonocra-BeHta X]4Bn rBopr,rrent,t Ha nP*OnaraHAHr4 nMeHa ga 6nerrlnq n]o-6r,rrtreq Ha HoMeHKnarypara rrre xapar Aa ce npeAna3t or raKbepucr. 3aroea m a3 ule ce onnraM p,a o6xaaHa Hari-ronqMaranoAc[creMa or 4o6aetvHu nponaraHAHl4 uMeHa B ucroputraHa 6rnrapcxara AHrponoH,rMr4r no cbu{r4t HaquH/ raro JO.6opee r f . Mun,{aKoB, cps.: Apxumexm, Apxumexm ua Anpuac-

60Kama AuHutt 6aqa na pea^Hus co4uauugbtrt, iercxum gtpxaAnux,6opeu,3a t4acmuemo xa 6tvapcrcun Hapog Bepen uHmepHaquo-Hauucmt Bepeu WeHUK ua Mapxc (Eueeac, Aenuu, !,. 6naeoe9, f.,\uuumpo9), Boxg u yqume^ na 6uvapcxun Hapog Bepen nput-met Ha CtSemcr<un caos (a\emcKufl Hapog, qexoao\awrcunHapog, Suemua,ucrus Hapog, l4oHzoncKu, Hapog, yH?apcKut Ha-pog, eepMaHcKun Hapogl fapaum (sa ycnexa 3a Mupa ua 6atxauu-me, 3a ycnexa Ha pea\Hug coLluaAwbtvt, 3a ycnexa na gtspogumea-Hus npoqec, 3a ycnexa Ha npeycmpoficm9omo), I4smwxam geeqHa iAexgyHapogHomo KoMyHucmu..tecrco g\uxeuue, fopgocm ua6urzapcxama gtpxa\uuqecKa ulucu\ Enoxa B ucmopuema Ha Ha-WHut KoMyHu3bM (na coquatusua), l4nmepuaquonanucm, Kanu-maH Ha 1uazapcxun xopa6 (ua xdpa6a 6raeapun), Ko\av (ua uuau,na ugeu), Pagemen (ra nnHoro Herqa...) CuuSoa, Cun (na 6trcap-cKu Hapog ua c\on Hapog, ua cSoemo 9peue, ua 6anxaua), Ilpun-mea (na ceueHume, na pa6omnu.4ume, Ha getlama, na 6anxaucxu-me uapogu),Crsugamen (ua aSpeueuua Srnzapun, Ha pea^Hue co-4uanun*t), TEopaecxu i'tapKcucm-^eHuHeq Cwgamea (na soEoyteuue), T\ope4 Ha ugeq ITtpBun, [lry\un uo\erc, feuepaauunm,Ilpogrnxumer Ha ugeume Ha K acuqume, Hat-SeuuKuem 6wua-puu, Kouyuucm Ml, Tumau Ha gyxa, PwoSogumea ua ge\emo-cenmeuBpuilcxomo Srcmanue (na ompnga 4a&gap, Ha napmnaH-cKama 6op6a), fuo6uuusm uu prxoSogumea (\oxg, y4umeL npu-eme^, gp1nafl, Vqumea no mpygo^to6ue, UeQ4 Muaume4 llup-Sunm cmpamee, Cmpamez, O6egunumen ua 6meapcrama Har4ut,Heyuopeu 6opetq sa no-HamambwHomo Bcecmpanno pas\umuena gpyx6ama ua 6uzapcKue Hapog c Hapogume ua Cu\emcxuscta3, I4smrKHam napmueH u grpxa\ex pxo\ogumea na HPi,Bugen geeq Ha MexgyHapagHomo KotvtyHucmuqecKo u pa6omxu-aecxo gSuxeuue, Kouyuucmtm c napmudHa KHuxKa Ml, Kouy-Hucmbm, ,\tpxa6uuxtm, VoSextm (Ha uenox6a no cnyvafi 70-roAnuHnHara na T. Xuaroa, npea 1971 r.), lltp\unm vo$er,Cuu na cSon napog, Bepeu cuH Ha dwuapcxama pa6omnuuecxaxtaca, Tananmau| uaw uso6pemamet, Mu\umet u cmpamee,Cmpamez xa Anputcxama NtHug/ Pwo&ogumea ua Anpu'tcxa lut-?apue, Ap6uuus pwo\ogumea na llapmunma u Hapoga r Aecer-Kn or4e, Kol4To canno 6nxa yMopr4ll4 q&,rrarent n 6nxa ro Ha-Kapa^l4 orloBo Aa npex[Br8a oHe3u yHr43l4renHu MoMeHru,KOTaTO rpqoBalle Aa cnyura, qeTe unu, u{e He r4e, Aa noBTapt

6LnPe3 no^l4r]4qecKnre roAnHH re3n yHr43RBaru{r4 peqeBoro Aoc-ToriHcr8o Ha qo8eKa xnnep6o^t4...

. CnonyunnBa nnrocrpaqns 3:r ynorpe6ara xa 6es6porarr,rre4o6aauvuu onpeAeneHht KbM nMero na rA,nrraropa e eAHa orHari-rparrnre My 6raorpaQr,rra, caMo or 9 crpaxuqu, noMe-creHa B "CnH Ha cBoero epeme" (c.27-35), qnriro asrop e ym-)KaBaHnsr noet y',uuumtp MemogueL, cpa.: "feuepannunm ceK-pemap na QK ua 6Kt1 u npegcegamea xa,\rpxaBuus aBem naHPE Togop Xu\rco| e I nuuus c^4ucb^ Ha gyMama cuH u ueryu-met Ha cSot napq u na cSoemo $paue" (c. 27), "Ute muHamHtKoAKo aoguHu u cuubm na dtuapxomo npAemapwuryt4oce ceuo, WeHuKbm om 6omeSepagcKama auMHasue Togop Xu$-xo9 t4e npeebpHe ugeume xa 6uvapcxume KatttyHucmu" lc. 27\,"lTotum6npo na QK ua 6Kll Smaea na 33-eoguwnun TogopXuBxoS, Heueeit eH napmueH geeq u napmu:nHcKu KuuaHguplgoKa*a^ cSoume xaqecm&a rcamo 6oe8u oryaHwamop u prxofu-gumet cSosma ao6patumetHocm u cEonma pewume Hocm, uc-mopuqecKomo nopbqeHue: ga \rczaa&u onepamuhuomo 6topo,Koemo KoopguHupa geucm\unma na Srcprxeuume cuAu Hanapmutma no Speue Ha .4ypwa Ja paspontt ua 6ypxouuo-Sa-wucmKama Saacm B cmonuu,ama" (c. 29), 'Bepen yuenuK u ct-FmHuK na feopu y',unumpL,-t qufl om nail-ugSnmnumenpegcma0ume u Ha Murgama ekgut napmufluu paxobgu-met.t, Togop XuBxoB e us6pan noaego&ameuHo sa ceKpemap HaQenmpaanua KoMumem, 3a qAeH ua f7oaum6npo,... sa ntp\u cex-pemap..." (c. 30), "Kru Kosmo u ?oguHa aeg Anpu,tcxut nAeHyMna QK ua 6Kll ga ce o6rpxeu..., na\cnrcge u 8r8 Scuqro Hue r4eSuguu Sguxuo\enomo npucbcm\ue ua tpKama, gunanuuua o6an-meuHa AuqHocm ua Togop Xu\xo9, Hautuem nptS napmueH ugrpxaSen ptxo&qumet"(c. 31), "HaScnxtge u 8rB \cuvxo npxo1necmnm maAaHm u npouurcno\eHuet eocnogcm9y&a SgrxnoSenacnaa9 om MucbA u orc\o, na Eots u cuua. Tananmtm, Mrrcbuna,funma ua Etrcapxama Koryn.tcmu.tacKa napmug'(c. 31),'Xu&a u neo6uxno\eno geicmSena namypa, gpyeaptm TogopXuSxoB e He cano Sguxno&umet u apxumeKm Ha eeHeryn$maanpulcKa AuHufl Ha napmusma, Ho u HeuH Heytutopuv gSuea-men" PtxoSogumet om AeHuHcKu mun, mod aqemaBa yMeAomeopugma c npaKmuKama,... (c. lll, "3euen to&ex, ga eqe HecK-^oHeH ga samSapn otlu npeg cusHuemo Ha ycnexume..., mo| u3-

62Abq&a 6ogpocm" (c. 32). "Mnoeo om axpo\eHHume gyvlq c Kou-mo ahpeueHHuem 6uzapun uspaen\a vyBcm\ama cu Kr,$ nap-muflma u poguHama ua Aeuuu, ca uspeqeHu nai-uanpeg om Hezo,Sepnun Hac egHuK na Feopu !,unumpo| (c. 33-34),"gQQmo-eH Hac egHux xa y',unumtp 6,uee| u feopu y',unumpoF' (c.35),"Cun na cSoemo Epene u na cSos napo!fi Togop Xu9xo| eeguH om me3u eoAeMu geilqu, Koumo Speuemo u Hapogume pilK-gam u wguzam, 3a ga zu npegcma9nm u pwo$ognm B oau4ecm-Bs\auemo Ha mexHume no\enu"lc.35) 14 Ap.

C na4aHero na ,A'nrraropa Karo c MaruqecKa npbqKa u3-qe3Haxa n xunep6onnre. Be4uara, npn rooa crmnncn4qHo oq-EeTeHlr/ Te npeMr,rHixa, noHtKora B ycrara Ha cbull4re asropl4,B no-Hr4cbK crhn Ha peqra. Ero u rexxnar pareoi cne,q 1989 r.,Beqe B no-6es-onacHur r;t aoropa ilApcrpaqnn: "l-lo-3nonaMer-Hrre cl4rypHo cl,r cnoMHgr qerBbprara AeKqnq npeA c^ylxare-nure m npenoAaBarenlrre Ha AOHCV npn l-lK Ha 6K[1, B Koerontp\unm uofiexrasa, qe He Moxe Aa He n3rbKHe o6u4ecreeHo-AbpxaBHoro 14 AbpxaBHo-o6u4ecreeHoro Hatr:lno B pbKoBoAc-rBoro Ha AyxoBHara cSepa (Kynrypa, 6p. 17, 1990, c. 5 ).l-lpocnoay.rra ca HeroBl4Te AoByBaHt,tn e Trproanu{Kr4r xpar,r cApf)KhHKara na 9oxga, KaKro 14 oco6exara My BceorAafiHocrnpt,t npoBexAaHero Ha "erspo4urenHufl npoqec" (p.,er*orpa.r4un, 6p. 157,1990, c.3). "He e 6esraurepecHo Aa ce trye nMHeHnero (Ha K. 9arcupoa, aBTop Ha KHnrara "Bropulr era)K" *6en. 7.6.) sa \o\erca, n3Bbpul4n Ha ABa nbrr HaqnoH.rnno npe-AarencrBo, npe4narar,rxl4 cTpaHara Hr Karo noAapbK Ha ApyracrpaHa... fltpSunm rto$erc6un MHoro HeAoBoneH, tre 3a ono3n-t-ll4f ce 6nnn nncanu xopa, Kotrro "HgMaxa Huro eAHa coqcrHaKHHra, nraro Sunm u^n HayqeH npuHoc" (Crupr-uen, 6p. 2328,1990, c.3 - peqeHaut 3.1 KHurara Ha K. Llarupoe). B MHoroq-BeTHill ono3uqr4oHeH neqar... BbB BceKn 6pora r,rnra npes 6por,rcrotr noprpernre Ha naprmriHure nM ^nAepn. Aocyul KaKroHne ro npaBexMe c 6relunq flryBu (Ayrua, 6p. 156, 1990, c.1). Tasu enoxa n3BnKa Ha xr4Bor, "poAit" HyxHl4r i Box4. 14 rrce cPacHa c HeroBoro r4Me no eA',rH HanbnHo 3aKoHoMepeHHaqrH... Orryx 14 HanbAHo nor,tttHl4gr Bbnpoc: Kareo npeAc-TaBMBa "Bropulr erax"? Kurra a Boxga ltll,t KHura ra'Anpnrr-cra Sunraput" c rnaaHo 4eicrayear4o ^l4l{e Boxga?" (f1pep,ro-Bop KbM KH[rara na K. tlarupoe "Bropnnr erax', c. 5), 'Tor,r

63(Mr,rnxo Ba^ee - 6ea. 71 5'.) ce 3ae Aa opraHn3npa cusAaoaHe-ro, PeAaKr'rpaHero 14 peK aM[paHero Ha nPom3BeAeHu9ra Halltp&un, a no-cerHe n na feuepanHut, Bmtor.roau{o Bcr4trKo Ha-nHcaHo no nopbKa Ha c/\yqat - or np[Bercr8eHo nncMo Ao3.lc,rlDKl4nr4s ro6nnrp, Ao orqerHnt AoKfflA Ha nopeAHun KoHr-pec" (OrevecraeH Qponr,6p.13419, 1990, c. 6). floqenxa cenMeHa c AtaaneKrHu Merare3n B Tqx raKa, KaKro npe,qn 10-rnHoeMBpr4 rta npou3Hacgxa eAHu or uaft-npu6nuxexure Ha,A,rarraropa Anqa, cpB: "!,ocraruvxo e Aa nor eAHem Sarcrure aoquTe 14, u{eM He u_{eM, qe cu npu3HaeM: oqe rpee l4acr-nnBara nonnrnqecKa 3BesAa Ha 6ueulnq llpt\u, orqe nprcr 6o-xl,r ABl4xl4 cu46ara My, ou{e no BeAolil,r r HeBeAoMl4 nbrnu4ailMero My ce HaBnpa B ycTara Ha MAaAo lr crapo, Ha cnHbo rlqepoeHo, Ha opaHxeBo n 3eleHo... l-lupao ncKaM Aa Bn nonu-raM A:rnr cil cnoMHtre oHlrt QororpaQur,r no nbpar,rre crpaHu-qlr Ha coQraricxrare BecrHuLU4 crreA oHt naMereH 10 Hoer"rapr,r.lzlannyeaxa Au B naMerra en o6parnre Ha oHltg, Kor4ro cMbKHa-xa l1pfiun na Hesa6paB]rMuq nAeHyM (,A,uanor, 6p. 73, 1990,c. 3). "Hnxofa npeAn roBa He ce e qyBano 3a Hecbrnaeue HareHepan lzlnnq lGuee - rafixcrBeHnr n BcectlneH HaqaAHuKna V6O, c Top,op Xilaroa... Hanporne, 3a reH. lGlues ce ro-Bopeue, qe e eA[H or Har,t-6lnsKure u xarl-eepunre xopa HaUeQa (rara o$raqepure or oxpaHara Hapnqaxa T. X.)... Ha1.X. e 11.30 qaca Ha noKnoHeHrero... He ce BUXAa Huxori ornpaer4relcrBoro, or rA,upxaanran cbBer... C roea UeStm cn or-MbqaBa Ha MbprBuq Beqe reHepan (Tpy4, 6p. 69, 1990, c.1-3) ' r Ap.

Cne,o, naAaHero Ha AuKrarypara HoBoroBopHara aHTpono-HuMug sa To4op Xueros raKa ce pa3naAHa, qe HeroBhre AoB-qepalxHu xpaHeHu AloAe cTl4rHaxa Ao Hara-Henoqr]4Te^HoTohMe 3a cBot BoxA caMo H9KoAKo Meceqa cAeA AeTpoHnpaHe-ro My. fipn onrara xa To4op Xnsros Aa ce nosBt4 npep, Benn-Koro HapoAxo cu6panrae BecTHr4r$r, c xoriro roti ca,rnnsr 6es-nor4aAHo 6raer-ue no BceKu nopt4B 3a AeMoKpaqur, My HaHe-ce...'hHrponoHlrMHara cmupr" cbc 3arlaBuero : "fl aprraMeHTbru,e u3cnytrta focnogun Huxorl , cpB. B TeKcra: "Bo4eHuuaposonoBecrn/ qe B ycreH pa3roBop Xneros e Ka3aA, r{e u{e Han-paBu eAHorracooo eKcno3e npeA napmMeHra. Taxa, cnope4rBbpAeHrera Ha HtKot4 Ha6no4arenu, C[,C u3hrpa eA],tH or

64roleMnre clr Ko3ooe nAcomo fluxa focnogun Huxoff (Ayra, 6p.1A7, 1990, c. 2). Ero KaK ono3nqmoHnr4tr neqar KoMeHrupacuAaBaHero Ha rooa 4o6aauvHo nMe qpe3 nmcMoro na Aceu\ailpnxmapod or Cer,tqoe: nocraHax r,rymen! lGr moxe roc-noAara coq'r:t^r4cru, Te, Kor4To ce KfflHtxa Ha cBog KyM]4p, HacBoq narpoH 14 l4AoA To4op Xuexoe, cera Aa ro HapeKar e-HHuxoti. Ho numa nbK Te, KoMyHgrcrnre, He ca npoAyKr Ha roc-noxa Huxoq (EKF|)? Cmeuuxa ch nMero n craHaxa HoBr4, Heo-nerHeHlf, Ho cbM cnrypeH, qe naK ca cbulure. JA at 6nx Acau,noo\e npu "ruspax,a,aHeron (BuspoAnrenHnn npoqec - 6en. T.5.) cranax Aceu, no as cn 6nx naK A3" @,er'loxpaqun,6p.133,1990, c. 2).

Cpe4 rrnxoxecraoro 4o6asuuHrl nMeHa B HoBorooopa Aseor rex - uMeHHo 11ry8u (llry\un) n fenepannun 6sxa c oco6e-Ha trecrora xa ynorpe6a. p,uec B cn4nllcrr4qHo cHgrxeHug nAaHre orHo8o ca Har,r-parnpocrpaHeHnre KaPrKaryPHn uMeHa 3:l.A,rarraropa. flo rasu npuqt4Ha u{e ce cnpa Ha ncrop}rffTa nM.

.A,o6anvxoro lrMe (ra nponaraHAHo, 14 KapnKarypHol fltp-6un u*ra cneAHlre npouo(oA. l-lrpaonavalHo, np€3 1954 r., To-4op XraexoB e Ha3Har.reH :xt nbpBr4 ceKperap Ha 1-{K Ha EK[l.Tarm 4nuxxocr e L{K c}BceM He orrooapq Ha pbKoooArren Hanaprhqra. Tosa e rexHui{ecKa MbxHocr, B n3nbnHeHne Ha Ko-rrb, no AyMnre na feopzu Vaurco|, roraBauen qneH Ha [16, ce"prroeo4n reKyu{ara 4eraxocr Ha ceKperap}rara Ha L{K'. p.,eic-TBtareAeH pbKoaoA]rrel Ha naprnnra 4o AnprAcKr4R nneHyM e6nn Burxo \ep&exxoS. "Ha nocne4xr,rn (Anpr,rncKnfl n^eHyM -6ea. T.6.1- npoAbruKaea f. LlaHxoB - He ce peurn roft u4e ro:|amecTn. Tosn Bbnpoc ocraHa orKpr4r. To4op Xnsros no-Kbc-Ho H3KyCHo Fypnnpa B^acrra I napruqra no no3Harufl My Be-qe crmn na Crannxn (A.Va&gapoda, OcarareHu noKoneHna, An-reHn,6p.36, 1990, c.5). Toea cso6u4exr,re Ha [. t{aHros 3a3HaqeHnero Ha eruMoHa nnrpen cexperap" He ce H)a(Aae orKoMeHrap. Karso r4ru:l npeABhA o6aqe rori, roraro ynorpe6r-Ba cpaBHeHrero nno no3Harlrfl My Betre crnn Ha Cralun".O6scxeHuero Ha ro3r4 ,r3pa3 e MHoro Ba)KHo, 3al Aa ce pa3-6epe n nfiopr4tra Ha Apyroro 4o6aeuvHo taMe - feuepanxut,Koero ce AeKoMno3ilpa oT cbqeraHnero zeHepa&Hut ceKpemap,Koero T. Xrasroa Bb3critHoerBa B aAMlrHncrpaqntra Ha 6Kfl.CrarruH xe e 6un nbper4 pbKoBoAlrrel Ha pycKara 6onure-

65Br4uJKa naprlrt, a @Mo HenH eeHepaueH ceKpemap. [enepaanr,r-9T ceKperap B Ta3n naprnq e 6r,rn crr4o raKa rexHr4qecKo Al4qe,KaKBoro e 6ran r n3nbnHtearqntr A4bxHocra nrpSu ceKpemapa Eunrapcrara KoMyHr4cruqecKa naprur.

cireno, yrypnr4paHeTo Ha B acrra craanH c]4 3ana3Ba r4Merofenepanuun ceKpemap, or Koero cq AeKoMno3upa nponaraHA-

, Horo noqerHo nne feuepaaxun. llo cblql4r MoAeA r y Hac cecBAaBa noqerHoro ume feuepanHu*n T. Xr,reros,

Bnocne4crene cmAarennre Ha 6unrapcxnn HoBoroBopAopa3onxa 3HaqeHuero xa p,o6aruvHoro nMe [ltp$un upesKaAKnpaHe or AarnHcKorc princeps B 3Har{eHue 'nbpor4', 'rAa-

BeH' B ceoeo6paaxua 6urapcrn npnHqnnar (principatus),o6qcHgBax B TMKoBHT4Te peqHuqn Karo uMnepr,rg, Korro 3a-na3o:r yqpexAeHilera ra penySnr.rKara, KbAero nMneparopbrca,rno {opr'lanHo ce Haprqa^ nbpBl4 (npuuqenc, princep,s) r,rs-MexAy qneHoBere Ha ceHara. Taxa ce 3aAoBolgBaue r,ri -nepcKoro qyacrBo na,A,urraropa T. Xnexoa!

Il. ,\oda4tqHume unieHa ea y',uxmamopaB dn,vapcxun KpunmmBop (l95Cl9S9)

Kpnnroroeopbr B nocorteHne nepnoA 6eue pearqlrt HaHoBoroBopa. B uero peanHocrxre B rorannrapHuq cBgr HaMn-paxa roqHoro cr,{, o6lrxHoeeHo crr,rnncruqHo n eMoql4oHanHoMapKlr paHo, peqeBo cborBercrBr4e. Kpn nroroBopbr no cbu{ec-reo 6eule tahnugt e3uK Ha 6unrapr,rre no orHoLteHne Ha Hen-pneMnuBnre crpaHu B r. Hap. e3uK Ha '4urrarypara Ha npole-taplrara". Heroanre peqeBil 3Haqr4 noqn4 He HaMnpaxa orpa-)KeHlre B nmcMeHara pev. Koraro craBaxa n3BecrHt4, TexHnreHocr,rrenu 6r,rsaxa noAnaraHr,r Ha npecleAsane. no orHouJe-Hne Ha ,A,urcraropa B KpnnroroBopa ce cb3AaAe qtla cncreMaoT oHoMacrnqHm n HeoHoMagrnqu onpeAe^eHn9 KaTo nb^Ho 14ror{Ho cborBercrBne Ha nponaraHAHnTe t4MeHa I HoBoro8opa.Hqxon ce pa3Bnxa Karo npo3ol4qa,ApyrM ocraHaxa KaroKpnnroroBopHn ennrerlr. Karo r4rno o6ave B Trx e orpa3eHaroqHara oqeHKa Ha HaPoAa 3a Hano)KeHuA My Or eAHa naprueBoxA (puroeo4r,rren). ,A.,oraro nponaraHAHnre [MeHa BHOBOTOBOpa Mofar Aa Ce yro'lH9r no aBTopoB npon3xoA, roKp[nrouMeHara 3a !,r,rrraropa no cbt4ecrBo ca 3Halln c {olr-

6AopeH npon3xoA. Hati-qecro ce AeKoMno3nPaxa or HsKaKbBaHeKAor la fluperar.

" A. npos$uulama n fbp0un:

1. ErHorpa{cKoro nwe.aon, Koero seqe 6eLue pa3r eAa-Ho no orHoulHne Ha poAocnoBilero Ha,A,urraropa/ nocTeneH-Ho 3of(mBq Karo npo3Burr.qe. ilorauxa ce t,t BapnaHrute fone-uun LlJon, ,\rp\euun llJon, Uona om CoQun, Wona om flpa\eu,llpaBewxun Won.

2. Hapo4tr He BflpBauJe Ha npecnneHara nPonaraHAa 3anaprrn3aHcKara 4er,trocr xa T. XnexoB, B pe3y ar Ha Koero He-AeranHoro My uMe fluxo"wpaerue" cpe4 HapoAa c noA[rpaBa-reneH oreHbK KaTo npo3Brar.rqe, flo noBoA Ha nPonaraHAhpa-Hara cHrMxa To4op Xilaxos no3ApaBqBa naprn3:rHnre orBropa co{raftcra 6prara4a'Llae,a,ap" (ex. CrH Ha cooero Bpe-Me, c. 76-77), ce nycHa aHe(Aorbr: "9nro ce 3ano3Haea cnapfn3aHnre" Bnocae4crBne, cAeA 10 xoer.,rspn, no4,o6enHaAcAoB Ha cHuMKara 6er.ue n3HacgH Ha HqKoAKo nbrn B ne-qara, cpB.: "U-{e ro orKpnere Bbpry npocnoByrara cHnMKa HaTo4op Xuaxoa, KbAero ce pbKyaa c naPrn3aHrare npe4 Ha-poAHl4t rearbp (Hapo4tr AaAe Apyra oqeHKa Ha cHr'tMKara -

ram rori ce 3:rno3Haean c daprr,t3annte)" (148. Aa6oB, Oanuur-

Snxarn, [1orne4, 6p.24,1990, c. 12).B xpunroroBopa npo3Bt4ulero fnxo ce pa3Bn or nceBAo-

nnma fluxo no eAHa HenoAo3l,tpaHa AHHnt: cPeA HapoAa sbp-8flxa c^)4(oBe 3a e8eHrya^Horo xeHKapcrEo, KoqKapcrBo Ha

,A,r,rrcaropa. B rasu o6nact Ha uHTt4MHt4t xt4ooT ce onilTa AaHaAHuKHe HenocpeAcrBeHo c eA 10 Hoennepra B-K "flarpuotn.'Tara xapo,qur 3anoqHa Aa cBbp3Ba HarPanttnBo HanaraHoro ornponaraHAara HeAeraAHo ume flnxo cbc cbu{oro roBa uMe BeAHa qnHnr{Ha noroBopra: k..-a my flttxo". Tara nupeoHaqal-Hncr BapuaHT, npr rotiro flHxo nnortHa Aa ce tBnBa Karonpo3Br,ru{e, 6eure B KpnnroroeopHara peAaKqun Ha nocoqe-Hut HaAcloB KbM cHr4Mrata, xotito 3Byqeue: "K.,,-a uy furo cesanosua%a c napmnaHume". WHTepecHo e, qe Ta3ta ynorpe6a3annc:x B e3uKa Ha yqeHrqnre or cpeAHnt trypc. flporenu4e-To TaKa ce pa3Bn, qe ce AeKoMno3upa or roBa c^oBocbqeTa-Hue u 3anoqHa Aa ce ynorpe6rea c eArH Henp[At4qeH napa-

67nnHrBlrcrt,rr{eH xecr, npnAppKeH caMo c uMeTo fnro s 3Haqe-Hne 'HgMa', cpB. B 3anuc or BpeMero xa Buspo,a,r,rrelHnt npo-tqec: "Kax\o uua I Maza3uHume? - uua fluxo" le cbnpoBoA cbccnoMeHarut xecr). lzlnnero HaBAe3e u B Apyra SpaseonornvnaeAuHnqa, Koero B ophrlaHan 3Byqeule: x\au4au Mapxo TomeS3a qagbpa. KpranrosapraaHrbr graHa: xSaqan flnxo sa qagbpa,cpo. B ynorpe6ara: "Vcne nu ga c9rpwuw pa6oma I llno&gu| -X&anax flurco sa qagbpa (6yre. 'Huu-1o He craHa')n. Bnocnep,crenesanucax n BapnaHT Ha Ta3n eAnH[qa/ Kor,rro, Henpn^nqeH 3alu3nncBaHe, Hari-o6uqo rnaceue: "lJte xSauewflnrco sa oHut pa-6omu (sa ouan pa6oma,)" e 3HaveHue 'xhu-1o HrMa Aa nocrhr-ueLu'. Te3n lr Apyrn no4o6Hn ynorpe6n Ha r,rtero flnxo6e-Aexar AoAHara rpaHnqa B HerarlrBHara oqeHKa Ha 6unrap-mre no orHolueHue Ha HanoxeHtnn nM pbKoBoAnren. Vnorpe-6nre no crunncn4qHa o6arpeHocr 6sxa npocropeqHn, no cb-u{ecrBo o6aqe re ce ynorpe6sBaxa B KpunroroBopa !r Ha pe-qeBo u3r4cKaH ure 6urapr.r.

3. Hara-pasnpocraHeHoro My npooBl4tqe cpeA HapoAa,Koero ce 3Haeue or Bcurr.rKl4, 6ewe Tdmo, B 3HaqeHue '6aua

xa 6unrapcrnr Hapo4'r3. Tlmero 3anoqHa Aa ce pa3BnBa c eAoH3l4 MoMeHr a 6rorpaSr,rrra ua .A,nrraropa/ Koraro $lnoqHa6escpamHo Aa npuABr4xoa KbM BbpxoBere Ha Blacrra cBoureHe AoraM noAroraeHr geqa Angnuna n Bnagu*tup- 3a ocHoBace ase luoncKoro mdmo'TaTKo', HeocHoBarenHo cabp3BaHo cnpon3xoAa Ha .A,nrraropa. llpaevaHr (xarro ce Ka3a no-Han-pe4) xe ca ulonr, il roBa no cbu{ecrBo e eAnHCrBeHrgr noBoAAa He BgpmM n3qtno B 3anucnre sa T. Xueroy npn An. Atex-caugpo| ([1o cne4r,rre...), roriro B^ara uoncKa peq I ycrara HaeAltH npaeqaH[H, cpe.: "Ero urye mamo u BoAr4 BonoBere...rlFlpaevaxn He roBoprr rara. 'suo ArrercaH4poB e noAnpaBu^reKcra, aKo He e u3MucneH c nony^rpHoro cpeA HapoAa ma-rno Karo npo3Br4u{e Ha .A,nrcraropa. Teup4eule ce, qe c roBanpo3Br4u{e T. Xr.rsroe e 6ran Ha3oBaBaH n B KphnroroBopa Haco6crseHrre r'ay LIK ra l-16 (none raKa pa3Ka3Baxa I Kny6a Hanucarenure re3il or rtx, Kor4To yqacrByBaxa e 6nngroro rury o6-KpbxeHue. Cnep, 10 HoeMBpr4 ro314 c^yx ce norerp4n).

llpes B0-re roAnHil T.-Xraaros 3alnoqBa Aa np[4ABr,t)KBa noKopl4Aopl4re Ha Bnacrra il clrHa cu Bna4u,ranp. KpranroroBopbr

68BeAHara pearupa. Flopo4r,rxa ce cbqeraHug or rtana Tamxo cEnagxo; Baagxo c Tamrco, Kor4ro roqHo orpa3qBaxa "ec-TecrBeHnfl" BBXoA Ha MAaAuq qAeH Ha KAaHa mm rupxato .

4. no.{rn HtMalxe cnyvar.r, npn rorlro Top,op Xuaroa,o,,at,t3le3e npeA HRKaKeo cu6paHne ]4 Aa He AonycHe e3ilKoBarpeu Ka. fl onyvaaaule ce cAeAH oro : Ha rpu 6ynara,A.'ra rraroprrce Abpxeue Karo ecrpaAeH neBeq cuc cao6o4Hr,r ABuxeHue,AoKaro B cbu-loro BpeMe peqra My 6erue ngnrnHeHa c e3uKoBaHenpeqr3Hocr. Toraea xuBeex e Cry4eHrcKrs rpaA ta qecToclymix e arro6yca cryAeHr[re Aa ce cMeflr, Karo roBopsr urHeKaKbB Tdmo KpamlHbo, Tdmbo Kpamfuro, roraro rn npuBer-crByBaA Ha I 4eremBpu c '9ecmumo 7-nu tapm'! Taxa c 4e-fopl"raqrarra B hMero Ha urarlnaHcKug neBeq Tomo Komynooce poAr4 r cryAeHrcKoro npo3or4ule Ha flrper,rr - Tomrc Kpa-myHbo, npn Koero nbpooro nnne 6eue cHnxeH AeKoMno3[paHBapraHr or AnqHoro My r,rMe (Togop> Tomrcl, a Broporo Beqe,qpe3 HeroBrTe nHTeAeKryaAHu KaqecrBa, ce cBbp3Baue cbc3HaqeHnero Ha KpamyHa'rnaBa Ha voBeK', 'ue nanoro ynnen,{oBeKt.

llo crrqoro BpeMe I KpnnroroBopa ce pa3npocrpaHeBa-ttle eAnH or xalr-ry6aBltre nonnrltr.tecKn BuqoBe, ocraHal He-orpa3eH B KHHXKaTa nAxe44orra 6es qeHsypa" ("101 nonun4-qecKu eurqa') Ha 6u6nr,rorexa !'Crupruen" (C., 1990). Bw anqace 3aAaBa Bbnpocbr: "Koil e uad-zoteuusm Mu.typuHeq 6 6mza-pun?n u ce orroBapg "6at4ama Ha Togop Xu$roL, saL4omo e cw-gat xu6pug om murcBa u uurpoQol'. Cne4 10. Xl: 1989 r. Bl,tqbr6e ny6rrraxy8aH or 146. AaBoB e "Kpari Ha no^ufl4r{ecKure Bu-qoee"(e. "CrbpLreA",9. ll. 1990, c. 2).

5. flo BpeMe Ha raa6opr,rre a flpaeeq npes 1946 (unra 1945r.) a pasroBopHara peq Ha npaBqaH[ Haanil3:l Karo nil'{Honpo3Br4qe n Towxo Xu$xohcxu u npo3Bnu{ero Ha 6aqa nny raHa AtAo ny 3auQupxto. B nponaraHAara Ha MecrHara ono3n-qur xafi-cr,rnHr4rr Ko3 cpeqy KaHAuAara Ha KomyHucruqecKa-ra naprut 6un nsparur-cpaBHeHue: nMaxuu zo mot 3an$upxro!"Teup4ra ce, qe 6naro4apeHue Ha roBa npo3ot4u{e, Koerocobp3B:llo roraBauHnt KaHA[Aar xa KonnyxncrnqecKara nap-Turt c HeroBlrt KpbcreHfluKn npon3xoA 14 c neHocrra na 6atqaMy, ono3uqnqra cneqenlrna!

696. K. 9arcpoB (Broprarr era)K, c. 40), nnure: "flpes 1946 r.

ce orKpr4aa parpa6orxa (Ha.{upxaeHa curypHocr - 6en. T.6.1no npoyqBaHero Ha To4op Xhsxoe sa Sarrn, coqeqn Bpb3-Knre My c leluea r 3:r eBeHryanHo ycraHoBgBaHe Ha HeroBure,a,ericrern Karo aHrnilricru arenr. Paspa6orxara Hocl4 KoAo-Boro Ha3BaHne'Tapa,,rex" - nceSgouuM, nog xoAmo ce npegno-Aazat ee To4op Xneroe e pa6onan c feureB".

Hgnnam Bb3MoxHocr Aa HaAH[KHa B re3n AoKyMeHTu, Hoor BcnqKo, Koero 3Hat Ha Huxona feutea, ToBa, Koero Me erlrraHrpr,rryeano Karo oHoMacr e, ve rori MHoro 4o6pe u yMHoe nocraeql npo3Br4qara Ha cro[Te areHrvr. Bcqxo nMe B Feue-Bara KaproreKa e 6rarro roro,npaHo He no npon3BoneH noln-qer,rcrm npnHq]4n, a, KaKTo n3r^exAa, ]r cbc o4creffirTa Ha yc-roiquent Spaseononaven SoH,q na 6unrapcrnn e3ur. lGrouMaM npeABnA rasu oco6eHocr B MaIAKoro Mr4 r43aecrHu npo3-Buu{a Ha lelueehre xopa, pa3peuaBaM cn Aa nocrpor xtano-Te3ara, qe uMero Tapaaexa, Karo eBeHryaAeH nceBAoHl4M HaTo4op Xuexoe a capx6a'An sa crrypHocrra e I npeKa Bpbmc ycroftvr,raoro cnoBocbqeraHne cuazaM (aoxa cu) mapaaex Izat4ume, rbAKyBaHo eoa Opareonort,tqHnl peqHuK xa 6urapc-Knt e3HK (C.,1975, c. 312) no c eAHnt HaqnH: 'Curnacgsal ceAa npueMa npm ce6e cn Ha pa6ora, Aa xuBee ulu Aa npe.,a,n-pneMa o6rqa pa6ora c qoBeK, xofiro cneA roBa HenpeKbcHaroMr4 cBAaBa roleMu HenpnflTHocan'l. To ce 3Haet qe ne Scurtxut4e ucKam qaps, He Scexu t4e ce cuuacu ga cu oroxu mapatex Izat4ume - peqe llpuryn (A. ,\ouueL, CrasaHne :xt BpeMero HaCar*ynna). Cuu4rrr QpaseonorusbM cbulecrByBa n BbB Baplr-aHT cAaeaM /aoxa mapaAex I eat4ume Ha HnKozo, cbc 3HaqeHne'xapa,rn HqKoro Aa ce cbrmcr Aa npueMe npn ce6e oa Ha pa-6ora, 4a xnBee lrnta Aa pa6orra c qoBeK, rofiro cAeA ToBa Hen-perGcHaro u{e My cBAaBa HenpntrHocrn'. Cnope4 noruKaraHa xhnore3ara nMeHHo no ro3'r, BTopr4q BapnaHr na $pareo-Aoru3Ma e cb3AaAeHo npo3Br4r{eto Tapaaexa,3:u{oro ce uManpeABnA areHr, BHeApeH or l-eluee cpeA KoMyHr,rcnrre. Oc-HoBaHue 3a roea rb r(yBaHe Mlr AaBa 14 eAltH 3anhc npn An.,4.texcaugpo6 (6ran nr,r e To4op Xueroe areHr-npoaoKarop), Bxoriro noMou{Hr4rGr xa feuree - Anercax4rp Caxroe - rsbp-4r,r: "Eri, MnaAo, Eunrapnn I ynpaB gsa qooeK Ha r-H ferues.Ll-\e ara4r,ru.r Ao KaKbB rpari qe a 4oxapan. Cera, xoraro nnura

70re3u peAoBe..., KoHKperHo Br4xAaM Kpaq, Ao Kofrro ,A,r,rrraro-pbr AoKapa Stnrapnr, r,r pas6r,rpa,ra npopoKyaaHero xa Cau-ros. Cai uffT a3 cbM yBepeH, ve To4op Xnsroe e 6nn nMeHHorosra "rapanexn or nonympHoro ycrol4tt4Bo cbqeraHue Ha6urrapcxua e3!rK, Koero [er-uee craparelHo e nocraBtal B rrra-

u-1uren xa 6up,eu4ara KoMyHl4cnrqecKa Bnacr. Taxnsa ca noHeAaHHlrTe Ha e3uKoaoTo l43cêA8aHe.

7. B gpyra cooe crarne (l-lo cae4r,rre) A,t. Anexcangpo| *-o6qaea iLr rubpAeHnero Ha HeKaKbB 148. Angpeed or fâsxanpoKyparypa, cnopeA Koero Xusros 6nn aresr-npoBoKaropna f-euea noA nceBAonnn O6Cna.Eescnopno, ro3r4 Bbnpoc eocBerleH no-Ao6pe, MaKap nar 6es AoKyMeHrer, npn K. {axt-po9 (Btopnrr era)K, c.291, KbAero e nocoqeHo, ue O$ena enuecnonlnrnlrBo HanMeHogaHlre Ha eAuH l4HTeAlreHT u Beq Bnpo{ecuara clt Br4ct! nonnqari". ilo roaa rrbpAeHue "OBeHa"e clegeBerocenremeprftcK'r nceBAoHl4M 3a H. feuiee.

8. B ra6poecKr4r Kpnnrorooop 6er-ue pa3npocrpaHeHonpo3Br4u{ero Kpageqrm ua 6eaocuneg4 Koero ce o6scxssa no-HATATbK.

9..8 Hari-,r,rpaqHnre roAnHu Ha A[Krarypara HapoAbr Ha-pnqaue ,A,r,rrraropa n c uMero qap Togop lltpBu.l4mero npr-Ko ce csbp3Baue c AnHacrr4rrHnTe HaKAoHHocrr Ha ceiuerlcr-eoro, oco6eHo cêA notBara Ha Abu{epsra Anguuaa n Ha cu-na Bnagxo no sbpxoBere Ha Blacfia. E4ea cne4 10 HoeMBpllre3u 3Halln Ha KpnrnoroBopa 3anoqHaxa Aa ce nogBgBar I ne-qar:I, cpB.: hyrr,ran Ber{e noe ynpaBneH}rero h Ha naprnira, ilHa rpynara ir e napmnneHTa - Bn)KTe KaK, Karo cKpbqHa cbcsu6n, napnuriHoro soliHcrBo pa36pa, qe e rlacyaalo Henpa-BHAHO OTHOCHO nphcbcrBrero Ha napâMeHrapHara rpnoyHana Togop ITtpBu, lr B,\e3e I nbrrn (Cao6o4en HapoA, 6p. 7,199O, c: 2)r

10. Cpe4 "qapcknre" uMeHa xa ,A,urraropa B KpnnroroBo-pa unoqHa Aa ce ynorpe6sea n l-lap B*pogumea. Vlnero npz-Ko ce cebp3aatxe c nopyraBaHero Ha ecrecrBeHoro "etspo4n-TeAHo genxeHue" cpeA norvr,lqure c u3M'rcleHnt or ,A,urraro-pa npe3 1984 r. Ewpogume,teH npoqec. Bmpo4r,rrenHoro ABr4-xeHne Ha noilurqlrre 3anoqBa mpAe orAaBHa. l-lrponre cae-

7TAeHuc @ 3a ,\,tacoBo xPlrcrnfHn3llpaHe. Ha norypHaqure or C.fannuxnK, Kor4To no BpeMe xa xatt-rr,rpaqHoro ocl aHcKo B a-Ar4qecTBo HaMepuxa cunlr Aa cer Bb3abpHar 6rnraprqhHara BMaHacrupa "Coern l4aau 6r,rrop" npe3 1843 r. (ex. noeeue npuC. Page6, Pannu cnoMeHu, C.,1969, c.7O-71,292; f. Tpat-veL, Kunra 3a MnRL{nre, C., 1941, c. 44-461. Bnocae4crane,rc<iraro cnopeA Sraorpar$rauHnn o'{epK T. Xnexoe ce 3aHmMaBaycnneHo c. peBolror-p4oHHa 4erixocr npe3 roAnHwe 1932-1944 r., e SrrrrapnR B*paxAaHero Ha noMallnre ta norypHaq[-re e no3Haro He noA uMero nBuspo4ureneH npoqecn, a Karo"euspo4nrenHo ABr{)KeHue" (sx. noaer{e npu Xp. Baxapeacxu,3a 6unrapr,rre MoxaMeAaHu, CnaanxcKn Becrh, 6p. 50, 1940).Komyx racrraqecKara Blacr AnxBrAlrpa Bb3poAlrelHoro ABlr-xeHlfe HenocpeAcrBeHo c eA 1944 r. c pa3rpoffir Ha HeroBlrflqeHrbp B Anqero Ha opraHh3al{nflra "Po4nHan. SurapcrureyqeHu o6aqe npoAb xr4xa 4a pa6orar B ra3il HacoKa, MaKap'u6es o4o6peHuero Ha BAacTra. Taxa Hanp. c ny6nrarcyaaHero HaMorra crarnn "lz'lcropuara Ha c. (DoruHoBo no AaHHn Ha Mecr-Hilre ,fMeHa" (Po4onu, 6p. 8, 1977 t.l r4Max peA HenpusrHocni3aroBa, qe u3Hecox {arrra i}al yKpr4ro noA erHoHl,r tura mypqu6unrapcro noMaulKo HaceAeH ne. rA,ra rrarop'ur pa3pyulr4 Bcr,rq-Ko, h3rpaAeHo or "Po4nHan h or 6tnrrapcxara HayKa. Buo6pa*rcn, qe Moxe Aa pbKoBoAn eAnH ronKo8a AeAnKareH nPoqtr,Karo Bb3epbu{aHero na 6unrapquHara, c noMor4Ta Ha qepse-Hnre 6aperu il eoliHcrBypau{ure AeKropl4 Ha npnmuTr,rBH}rnKoMyHr43bM. Tara ce nosBr4 B Kp[nroroBopa lt 4o6auu,rnorouwe qap Bwpogumea sa,A,nrrarop, r{ilnro nocruxH}rn 6gxa ca-MO re3n: Bb3poAnxa ce nopaAu HeAoMHc^lrgra My re4,AeHLu4-nre 3a norypqBaHero Ha 6rnrapcKilTe noMaqu, Koero AHec nocbqecrBo e nai-ronsa,rara 6onxa na 6rnrapcKrn HaqHoHa-AeH Bbnpoc B no^nTnqecK]{Te rpaH]rqn Ha crpaHaTa.

1 1. l-lpes roAuHr,rre 1984-1989 r., no BpeMe Ha r. Hap. or

,A,r,rrraropa n HeroBnre npn6rrraxenn . B*pogume\eH nPoqec,3anoqHa oce3arenHo Aa ce qyBcrByea pa3p/xaTa B AbpxaBara.,{unroaere'xa Eunraput AocrurH.xa neqalHn pexop4r. Taxace noqBu u HoBo 4o6asruHo uMe 3a To,qop Xnexor, uMeHHoItap Paspywumea. lAnero ce o6pa3yBa no cbqecrByBau{ureBeqe B 6urapcrnn e3r,rK MoAeAn Karo lkp O1eguHumet n

72Sopr,rc lll n Llap Bwpogumen3a caMnr ,A,nrrarop. Tara e xpasna XX a. Eapona no3HaBa c ABe pa3nnuxn 4o6aarqHn ,rMeHaAEaMa CbBCeM pa3^'rqHu no oqeHK[re 3a rflx Abpxa8Hn pbKo-BoAr,fren[ - Xe,wym Benuxoaenuu (X. Kon, KaHqnepbr, o6e4r,r-rnn fep,rnaHnt, Bx.. a. "168 qaca', 6p.'19, 1990, c. 12-13), vtqap Togop Patpywumea, piuClrnan npeKpacHara Eunrapur.

12. 6unrapr,rnut, xoriro MHoro ror{Ho u3nomyea npo3Bt4-u{aTa Karo xapaKrepncTnr{Hu 3Haqn 3a nnqara, cBAaAe il nMe-ro C\emu Togop flpa&ewxu, cpB. ynorpe6ara, 3anncaHa npe31986 r.: "Onaaqu ce, aKo ucKaut u na cSemu Togop llpa&ewxun,Kosro gsHo 6eue cb3AaAeHa no ycroriur,rBoTo cbqeraHne B6rnrapcrran egur On,taxSau ce Ha apMeHcKus non. Wnerc CBe-mu Togop llpaSewxu eABa ̂n rM:lrxe BpBKa c 4ericrenrenHurcBereq Togop, narpoH na flpaeeruKnfl MaHacrr,rp. l-lpra Bcr4qKr4nono)KeHns HoceuJe orHoueHuero Ha 6rnrapcKr4t HapoA KbMnoBceMecTHaTa HenpaBAa, Ko9To ce |'x,rpeure noA Kplr^oTo Ha,A,n rraropa u HeroBure reoperuqecKn u3rpaAeHh HeAoMhcnt,t-qu B TepMn*nre eoAtMa n MaAKa npa\ga, craHiln,r lr3BegrHu Ha6unrapr,rre no cbrqoro BpeMe.

5. Enumemume si,llrfiu

KpnnroroBopH[Te ennrer]r nMar npon4Bonono)KeH 3HaKHa nponaraHAHnre, Kor,rro eeqe 6sxa ns6poeHra. Bcnvrvr re 4oeAuH ca HaroeapeHu c Bneqarutrlu{a eKcnpecran. florqo6xoHa npo3Br4l{ara 3a [unaropa, cbu-lo HtMar yroqHeH npoil3-xop,. f1o cbulecrBo ca Qonxnopnra o6pasyeaHrar. E4ea cne,q 10HoeMBpr4 HnKor4 or rgx ce noqBnxa B nepuoAr4rrHug n<-iqar.

1. Ilpa\ewxutm queaHuH: l4mero ce poA'r or ynoprrrqcayx sa rbMHoro poAocloBne Ha Xusxos, qnr4ro KopeHn Bo-AeAn KbM HeKaKBo qnraHcKo ceMeficreo (sx. S 10,12,14). g

KpnnroroBopa o6ave nMero u3pa3gaauJe orHorueHue, n rorpar,rro HeAacKaBo orHoltteHt,te Ha 6rnrapure KbM TexHurf,A,nrraropl5.

2. flpa1euxu HeKagbpHur(: He ce HID(Aae or KoMeHrap.

3. I\pa\ewxunm npo|ecop: ro3r4 enurer ce npuKaqu KbMnMero na,A,nrcraropa caeA uJyMa oKono HeroB[re']nneepoa-rercK?f nexqnn" e AOHCV npeA cryAeHrn n npenoAaBarenu.

73

Hapo4ur He ce ueryBauJe c HecborBercrBnero MexAy $opra14 cbAbpxaHue npu nilqHocrra xa..A,lrrraropa: AeKqtata ce qeraror xa6rnurnpaH 14 Ar4qa, a.A,r,rrraroprr nplrrexaBaure HeAoKa-3aHo roraBa cpeAHo o6paaoeanue.

4. flpa$ewxuflm ppucm: nMero ce noqBl4 c eA eAHn H3-6opr,r, Koraro e 6raorpa$rarra Ha !,urraropa 6eroq,ruso ce n3-nnca: "o6pa3ooaH ue npu4rvecro".

5. lTpa\ewxunm ,A,uxmamopi roaa 6eue ecrrqHocr xara-ynorpe6raaHoro uMe, Koero ce Aopa3Bn c eMoquoHilnHoroonpeAeneHne cAeA MHoxecrBoro npeAaBaHru ga 6rnrapcKr4s,A,rarrarop no paAuo "Ceo6o,a,xa Eapona".

6. IlpaSeutrcunm xumpe(4: qecrq ynorpe6reaFro nMe KaroTOqeH BaPuaHr Ha APyroro He no-ManKo qecro onpeAe^eHneCencxu xumpeq, c Kol4ro uMeHa no e3uKoo ntr 6qxa pa3qereHuor HapoAa H eyAaqH tare xpyMBaH nt xa.,A.,ra rraropa.

7. Ilpa$ewrunm Angpew,(o ,,r no-qecro caMo Augpewrco:uMero 4o6ra oco6eHo romMa nonympHocr cAeA peBu3r4rra 3arb/\t(yBaHero na o6pa3a Ha Ax4peuro B reopqecrooro HaEnnH flenuH, xoriro colpanncmqecKunr peanu3bM B Kpr4rnKa-ra cn npeAcraeflue Karo rilnuqeH orpyAeH e 6ypxoasHoroo6r4ecrro MacoBoocb3Har censHr4x, 6oper1 cpeuy eKcnnoa-raropcKara Klaca. flrpaara peen3ufl Ha roBa cMexorBopHorb^KyBaHe HanpaBr oqe npeAn 10. Xl. 1989 r. AnreparypHrrrrpurur M. He4enuee, no-KbcHo HapoAeH npeAcraBnren,rolrro My AaAe 4eficranrenHoro onpeAeleHue: 'hynnnenrsn-

paH 6unrapcKn cenlH,rH". Tara r{e roqHoro 3HaqeHhe ua 'lnna

AH4peruxo" c nocpe4crBoro Ha KpnnroroBopa 6er-ue BbBeAe-Ho B npo3Br4u{ero Ha ,A,r,rrraropa llpa$ewxun Angpewrco. flpor-Buu4ero Karo oHoMacrnqeH 3HaK ror{Ho ce cBbp3Ba c ApyrilTee3uKoBr,l $arrr,r B oHoMacn4qnara 6uorpa$vm, Karo Hanp. Ko-MeHTnpaHoro B roBa n3cAeABaHe cpaBHeHue: 'arco 6ewe MHoaogo6pe ga ce pa6omu, u 6ad Towo t4ewe ga pa6omu"; onpeAe-neHtaero 'ma6nagxunma'] sa pracruero B rpynara c nme "foitr-6aran u no4. (sx. S 24, 251. PasuereHo, npo3Br4u{ero c xapaK-rep Ha enhrer llpa\ewxun Angpewxo npeAcaaBe HenoroMcrBe-Huq ceMHuH Karo 4eficraurenxo "nymnexn3npaxn ceMHr4H,Toi{Ho npeAcraBeH or EnnH llenux B pa3Ka3a "Ax4peu.rxon.

748. B e4nx KoMeHTupaH no-HanpeA aHe(Aor,,{raroaropur e

npeAcraBeH c onpeAeleHnero llpa&ewxo zo&ego, roero 6ene-xn xpariHara, uari-nucxa roqKa Ha oqeHKaTa B KpunroroBopa/HacureHa c npocrope'{Ha AeKcnKanHa eMoqnoHanHocT. Bnpocropequ*o eoSego e "ennrer" 3:l r43pa3qBaHe Ha npene6-pexnrenHo, npe3p'rrenHo 14 ocKbp6nrenno orHolreHne KbMHtKoro,3a Kororo o6nrxoeexo ce cMtra, qe e npocr, AlrB, He-AoAtMH, rnynaB (Peqxvtr ua 6unrapcrns esnK, r. 3, C., 198'1,c. 249). Ltrararenrr pa:6npa, qe n B cnyqafl c "npaaeutroro eo-6egon xapo4rr Karo curAarel Ha KpnnroroBopa ur Kpnnroro-BopHure onpeAeneHlta ea ,A,nrraropa He e npra6aalrrr Her4ors^rluHo B xapaKreprrcrnKaTa Ha cBof, PbKoBoAlrTeA.

' Marap asropcKr,rrr npor,r3xoA Ha nocoqeHnre onpeAene-

H14t c KoMnoHeHr npa\ewxu Aa He e yroqHeH, ro e3nKoBnreocHoBaHilt 3a Sb3Hl4K8aHe Ha UMeHaTa Ca HanbAHO 9CHl4.flpaaeq e HopM:r Ho ceno cbc crnHa rHrennreHqrq. Xneroso6aqe il3le3e Ha nonnrmqecKara cqeHa He Karo npeAcraBlrrenHa Ta3u npaBqaHcKa HHTeAHreHqnA, a KaTo no^yl,rHTe^ilreHT,Koliro I KoMnpoMernpa. Tara e onpeAeneHuflra 3a ,A,nrraropace nosBl4 eneMeHrbr npaSewxu BM. rot{Horo npa\uaucxu. AnpurruHnre 3a ra3u norBa 6sxa s He4oo6mucneHnre peqr4 HaAnKraropa, KbAero rori no noBoA n 6es noeo4 He nponycKa-tue AA pa3KOKe Heqo 3a cBoero poAHo ceno. Taxa Hanp. noBpeMe Ha nocneAHoro o4 noceu{eHue s 3ana4na fepnnaxrarofi gaxnmaBa raMoulHnt nolnruqecKn ennr c flpaaeq nocneAHht HaqHH: nCtqo raKa Me BneqarnflB:r roBa, qe BHe crepeurnnn Aa AaAere o6e,o,a He BbB BauJ AyKco3ex ry6ae pec'ro-paHr, a B eAtaH pecTopaHr, raKa Aa ce Ka)Ke, 6fioe repMaHcKl4pecropaHr, pecropaHr Ha eAHo cemericrao, Koero orr exAano3fl 14 ecKnloarupa roBa pecropaxse. Tara qe, BclrqKo roeae MHOrO npnflTHo, rOEa e poMaHT[rtHO 14 Mn HanoMHt eAHOBpeMe, xax 6eue B Moero poAno ceno fipaeeq, a cera Beqe erPaA, HO MHOTO, MHOTO He Ce e nPOMeHnAO, HO e rpaA, Xa-Xa-xa. lzl ram hMa raKuga MaAKm - cera Ber{e rn orKp[xa - pecro-paHFrera, lr Ka3Bar, qe MHoro ce noceu4aBar. As He cbM ou{exoAr4^ (ctn4" (ex. npr,r Ba. Pyno1, C Top,op Xuaxos rue (Dep,e-panHara peny6nura, Or. SpoHr, 6p.13376,1990, c. S). B eR-Ha or nocleAH[re My peq[ npeA o6rprxeHuero ]r AunloMarn

75

,A,rarraropur naK ce Bpbu{a rum ilpaoeq, cpB.: "Bsennaan flpa-Beq Karo ceno. Ar.la Hue Karo ce or flpaoeq csbp3Bame raKa.Or ep,nx 6arap xaro ce o6a4ra, qyBa ce or Apyrur 6anp.lAnuu3ne3e Ha qapAaKa, BuKHe, q9âTa Maxaâ 3Hae KaKBo e Ka3aA.Aro Her4o craHe, HsKoe cu6nrne cTaHe B ceno npel AeHq, AA-xe aKo xgrori e HaMurHan Ha HeKog, Beqepra rnn uari-rtcxocyrpuHra ce HayqaBa. Ero cenqero cu xmBeeun @,ennoxpaqnr,6p. 7 ,1990, c. 3, ex. cr. Hauurr HapoA nn aepaa).

B. ASmopcxu onpelenHus n y',uxmamop

flpe4n 10 xoer'aaplt BcuqKn re np[HaA4ex;rxa KbM AeKcn-K:rAHl4r Qox4 xa KpunroroBopa. CneA 10. Xl. 1989 r. rontMoqncno or rgx ce norBl4 B neqara. Cpeqy anono3lrre xa ,A,rarcra-ropa Karo Hurcoaa CmeQanoSt6, K.\arcpo| (noc. cuq.), f. &xa-zapoL, Xertssxo Ko,,,e817, Kolrro Hari.-o6qo onpeAelgxa.A,nrcraropa xaro "LuupoKo cKpoeH soBeKn, Ha 6tlrapure cra-Haxa r43BecfHl4 t4 Apyrn onpeAeêHnn, ttuuro aBTopl4 ca He no-ManKo n3BecTHl4 OT ropenocoqeH[Te nuc.lqn:

1. l-lupeoro onpeAeleHne, Koero orroBapn Ha 4eficrnn-renHara cbr4Hocr Ha .A,urraropa, n3ne3e B eMHrpaHTcKug ne-uar. Ilemtp Ceuepgxued ro nocraen Karo HaAo\oB Ha KHnraftlcn"HuuqoxecmSoe Aocnexlr Ha Benn,{neo (flapnx, 1985). On-peAeneHuero e cbBMecrHo cbreopeHo c roneMurn 6unrapcrunncaren leopzu MaproS. ilonynnpr,raquffra My :tanoqHa nopaAno."Cao6op,na EBpona", a cAeA 10 xoennepn u qper B.'TpyA" (6p. 75, 76, 1990). hHrepecno e cbBnaAeHrero c onpe-AeneHnero 3a Cralnu, Koero B KHnrara Ha lO. 6ope| nCraara-

Hna4ao cbu{o e c paHra Ha noA3arnagne, cpB. nfennfi ur\tlt Hu-t4oxecmSoln. 3a 4a Abpxl,r B nblHo noAqnHeHre orpoMHaraAbpxaBa, CranuH e rpn6aaao 4a 6u4e AnqHocr, par6rapa ce,3Aa, npecrbnHa, Ho KpynHa AtaqHocr. He rrnoxe Ae ce rsbpA[,KaKro npaBtr HrKol4 crBpeMeHHn aaaHrapAncn4, ve Ctaaux e6nn rnynaa, Tbnt Huuloxer ia 6es4apen. Tor,t e 6ran sno4eft, norennri xa rno4ericreoro" flpneeAox ro3r4 Abnbr qurar or 1O.6opea (ex. u Ayrm, 6p. 9, 1990, c. 5), saqoro xapaKrepuqu-Knre B Hero Ao romMa creneH ca Ba ilAHl4 r 3a 6unrapcxnn

,A,r,rrrarop. T. Xr4exoe e 6ran nHutqoxecraon @A o no orHoue-'Hne KaqecrBara Ha coqnalncrilqecKltt 6unrapcrra enur. flo

76orHoueHne o6aqe Ha ynpautBatqara nocpeAcTBeHocr oKonoce6e cn rorl 6eure rooa, Koero Haft-roqHo ce npeAcraBttre orcneq[:rnHo cuAaAeHoro :n Hero rpaAnqnoHHo 6unrapcxocpaBHeHne, nMeHHo "npa&ewxun Angpewxo" (ex. no-xanpe4).

B pevHraqnre AyMara nut4oxecmSo ce rb^l(yBa Karo 'c'b-

BbpuJeHo He3naqr4TeneH qoBeK'. Taraea Bcbl{Hocr e u ".{o-BeulKaran xapaKTepnonKa Ha roleMnr ,A,,nlcarop a 6urapcra-ra ncropns. Cm. fioegauoS (ex. Oap, 6p. 18, 1990, c. 10)npenpeAaBa onpeAe^eHrero 3n Hero Ha 6ofixran My Apyrapfio6pu !xypo\, cpa.: "Cnyvaixoro 6upso r,r3ArraHe (na T.Xnaxos - 6en.7.6)e Bcer!.rlo HeAoyMeHne !t B cerauHnre Mynnpufirennn or flE. [o6pn ,Aprypoe HanpuMep HenocpeAcroe-xo cae4 9.1X. nplr eAHa Heroea o6nronxa a Kamxnur, npuKorro 6nna xeHa nny Erena n r-qa6xara My BpBKa noAKoBHl4Klzleax KoraHoB, ceAHaAn 4a o6n4ear Ha eAHo nnarH'tu{e KpafpeKara, npeAn Aa Me3:lr B rpaAa. tzl rann [2rypoa Ka3aA r ac-xo: "Koi n onGAe AoKapa ron nocpeAoBeHnK Ha roBa Buco-Ko nnscro?"... Koraro noAKoBHhKbr cpeulH:ln cera HacKopoEnena,A2rypoea u n 3anlrran Koe e BnpHo, Ailtr roBa, Koero caroBopr4nr4 c Mbxa ct,t Ha nlarH],rulero npe4 KasannbK, nn]t ce-ratrlHoro rnxHo cAaBocAoBHe 3a Hero, Enexa nny rasaaa: nLLl-

m-ru, u{e 3ara3utu!n.!,aau pprypoB e onpeAennn,A,uloaropa Karo "nocpe4cr-

BeHilK", r4ln He - caMo renepanbr Moxe Aa norBbpAu. E4noo6aqe e BaxHo: B r,rcroptacra xa Sunrapnn nA,ralcaropur i]aeMa4ericraurenHo raaBxoro Mncro cpeA ynpaBuBat4nre noc-peAcrBeHrqra (ax. 3HaqeHuero Ha AyMara nocpegcm\eHuK B6rnrapcrnre rbAKoBHr4 peqHnqn: 'Auqe, Koero nMa MaAKn, or-paH n treH u 4ap6ra u cnoco6n ocru, 4pe6Haaeq, 6eap,apx vr x').

3. B caonre cnomeHu, nlrcaHu oule no BpeMero Ha AuK-rarypara, Cm. 6oegano8,6et Aa ce cTparyBa, onpeAem To4opXnexos c eKcnpecnBHoro uoSousAtonuauem ce [ltp&u, cpe.;"Hne ni\aanae MHoro Sarrn, Kor4To roBoptr 3a rbMHara n Het,r-3ecHeHa $"rypa na uoEouannuAut ce nrp\u ceKpemap, ror,trocraHa raKba 6naro4apexue Ha [eopru t{auKoe, xofiro HeyAaq-HO rO nOCOqn n h3Anffia KaTO nPOTI4BOBeC Ha l43AOx14Ar49 Ceaeue 9epeexrcoB" (noc. cuq.). l-lo-HanpeA c q[rar or [. t{anroe(ex. OcarareHu noKoneuue, Axrexu ,6p.36,1990, c. 5) 6erue

77Beqe o6scHexa "QanuuQraraqr,rnra c "uguonSaHemo" na flup-Bun or rexHnqecKara cayx6a mpSu ceKpemap ua l-lK.

4. Onpe4eneHurra n po\oxamop, azen m-n poEoKamop npe-

4ra 10. Xl. 1989 r. ynopuro ce ynorpe6flBaxa B KpnnroroBopa:,-l xapaKrePuCIU Ka Ha npeMeseTocenTeMBptt ttCxara Aeta xOCrHa,A,nrraropa. Vnorpe6sBaxa ce B cbBceM KoHKperHo 3Haqe-Hue Ha 'Anqe, Koero sbpull4 npeAarelcKa 4einocr Ha raeHareHr, npoHl,rKHa^ I nporpecnBHa cpeAa, 3a Aa unuoHupa nnoAcrpeKaBa'. Cne4 10 Hoennepu onpeAeleHhtra ta3ln3oxa orKPnnToroBopa u nonaAH:xa B HqKolr MeMoaPHlr MaTeplr€l^]4,cpa.: B cnoMeHure cn Cm. ioeganoB (Or anorpraQa 4o rnac-xocrra) nnue: "lzlHrepeceH cnyvari sa 6prara4a'r{aa4ap" pas-xarea Bepa, cecrpara xa p,envo t{onaxoa, napru3:lHKa or cb-lquf orprA. Koraro BeAHbx Aooe^u h npeAcraonnu T. XraexoenpeA orpgAa, Tt craHala l,t rmcHo 3anBnla"npe4 ecuvrlr: "3a-l{o Hr4 BoA[re 'ron npoSoxamop ryx?". Bcnqrn ce Brperqunu,Ho &lrnaAunu.pa6orara, a Bepa Ao Kpac Ha xnBora oa 6una

ry eHa !r npec^eABauan. ,4'r. Arcrccangpo8 ny6nuryea.onpeAe-neHnero a ,qo6unara roltMa nonympHocr crarnfl "6un nil eTo4op Xuerog areHr-npoBoxarop?", qrrupaHa Ha HrKoAKoMecra B ra3[ pa6ora. ,\unxa BacuteSa B crar]4rra nCq46ara xanonuqeficrrlre apxlrBr4" (Oreq. Sponr, 1 3355, 1990, c. 3) or6e-M3Ba cneAHvrs MoMeHr or pa3Ka3a Ha fcu XpucmosoS:, nC

Paftxo ,A,annrnoa 6qxl e MHoro 6nusrn. Be4xux roti ane nuraAann 3HaM, qe e rMano cbMHeHne, qe T. Xr,raroa e'aeeHm-npo-6oxamop, lGsax My, qe cbM qyBal, Ho He 3HaM ror.rHo KaKBa epa6orara. Toraea rofi nnn pa3Ka3a, qe npe3 eceHTa Ha 34-ra ro-AHHa craBa ronaM npoBal e Co$uricrlrt oKpbxeH KoMmrer.Mxoro xopa ca apecryBaHu u ocbAeHH, a Top,op Xnexos 6ur\apecryBaH u oceo6o4eH 6eg HnKaKBn nocneAcrB,rg. Patixo.6,arrnrxoe craBa ceKperap Ha KoMr4rera npee 1935 r. Koraronpaaer pao6op 3a npuqnHrre 3a npoBana, cn4rar 4o y6ex4e-Hnero, qe rofi e HanpaBex or T. XuexoB, t4 peuaear Aa ronsonuparn.

flo rennara narenr-npoeoxaropn Heny6nrarcyeaHla ca cleA-nrare $arrr,r or Mot apxlo: B cnonneHa cu "!,ocroeH cyrH Haxapo4a" (ax. MAaAocr, HapeqeHa 6op6a,c. 10) npaeuaxuHurB. 6osapo8, nocne 3:rM.-AlrpeKrop Ha l4xcrraryra no o6pasoaa-

78Huero 'Top,op Car"rop,yrtaoe", cnoMeHaBa Ha crp. 10, 13 nMeToaa,\uuumrp flayno\cru Karo noAyeHcKr4 cbKBaprupaHr xa 6o-3.lpoa lr T. Xmsroe. B aHrucnoMeHa Ha cbu{r4t B. 6orapoe,pa3Ka38aH I KbU{r4 il npenPeAaAeH Mm or HeroBara Abu{epgl7euxa ,osapo\a (sar',r.-pep,arrop Ha cn. "Hapop,Ha npocaera"),nMero xa flayHoecKu ce cnoMeHaBa Beqe B Apyra cBernnHa:Koraro B. Eosapoa 6r.rn apecryBaH Karo peAaKrop Ha B. "MAa-Ae)KKa 6op6a" B cbulara noAyeHcKa KBaprupa Ha y . "[Ierpo-xaH" 17, my HanpaBuno BneqarneHue, qe flayHorcrca Heulo cr4"npra6u6pnn" c noAnqas. Beqe apecryBaH, Eosapoe nonnrancbu{r4t crpoKap: "A 4pyrnr (r. e. l-laynoacxra) saqo He apecry-ea?". Crpaxapfr orroBopnn: 'Tori Mil e BnHaru a prqere".Bnocne4crarae Eosapoe 6r,tn crarypeu, ve l-layuoBcKr4 e 6raneAilH or npoBoKaropure. Blrxarn e cBbp3BaA Heroeara 4eri-Hocr c T. Xnsros. Cnerq 1944 r. llayHoecrn, Beqe AnperropHa CoSran-npec, ocraHal n3Knnqr4renHo 6nilsur Ha T. XLre-xos. Tora n3AaAe ra 6es6oiHrre rpyAoBe xa .A,urraropa. Xe-Hara Ha B. Eosapoe (nar no pa3Ka3n xa fl. Sosapoaa) e cecrpaHa n3BecrHnr 3eMeAe^crn lr pa6orHuqecKu 4eeq Aasap Cra-xee. Tq 6tana 6nnsra cbc ceMer,rcrao [aapuloBn B Erponone.Mapuixa fa$purcSa BcneAcrBue Ha npoBoKaqr,ra 6rana pa3crpe-AtHa or nonlrqtalra 3aeAHo c ou-le 16 ,qyu:ra a Apa6aronaLu-Kill npoxoA. Bnocrre,a,crBue yx 6ran yrouneH npoBoKaropbr.To4opxa Craxeea-EoupoBa 6rana o6a.{e y6e4ena no HtKaKbBceofr HaqilH , ee aeeHm-npoSoramoprm e Top,op Xfisroe.

5. Ha Apyro Mtcro (ilo cne4nre Ha cbMHeHnero, c.4l ,4,t.A,ae xcau g po6 npr,r eexp,a on peAeAeH r4t, ynorpe6t BaH n or Apy-rra $ynxr4,roHepn Ha KoMyHncruqecKara naprrq. Te:n onpe-AeAeHHs He ce HyxAitsr or rb KyBaHe c noMou{ra Ha 6rnrapc-Kara AeKcnKorpaQraa, cpe.: "Bu4xr,rar npoQcrp3eH n naprueHAeeq no BpeMe Ha cbnpon4Bara Ap. 6opuc iaaeoeS xasa: "l-lpr,ropraHn3upaHe Ha OK (xa 6Kn - 6ea. T.6.1 npe3 oKroMBpl41934 r.6rx arnto,leH B HeroBnr cbcmg... Or4e na nbpBoro 3:r-ceAaH[e na OK ce nooArrHa Bbnpocbr ra To4op Xraros. HaqneHoBere xa OK uM craHa tcHo, qe "roi. e aunumeuHa Auq-Hocm n HqMa Mecro cpeA Hac. 6eue orcrpaHeH 3a ceplro3Hl4cbMHeHnq u HeqecrHocr KbM naprnqra... Te 4eauara (,A.,rannra-rup f-aHea u Bunra fopanoea - 6ea. L6.) p,onycnaxa Spaetm ga

79BAe3e orHoBo B peAoBere Ha naprutrffa. fotn nopoueu qo6eK

AoHece roleMn 6e4ra HA naprlrtra u Ha 6tvrrapnl".

5. f-far no cBuAerencrao Ha ,4tr. ,4nexcangpo6 ("6nn nn eTo4op Xrsroe areHr-npoBorarop?'): "Henocpe4crBeHo cAeA9. lX. rorasauHnr MlrHr,rcrbp Ha BbrpeulHr4re pa6oru AumoulOeo| rcasen npep, ffcu Xpucmoto9 n lenuo 3uenoacxu e TogopXu\xo\: "Ona xumpeq Togop KaKBo Aa ro npaBuna. OrxarroB3exMe Bnacrra, rori ece ce poBr4 e nonrqetrcrure apxtron"...Onpe4enen[ero Ha JOroe HanbnHo cbonaAa c onpeAeleHuqra17 paSew xu xu m peq, fl paSew xun Angpewxo, c Kohra' AuKraro-pur 6ole no3Har no-KbcHo B KpnnroroBopa.

7. B cson ny6nr,rqucrr,rqHu crarr,rr4 r43oecrHl4qr B HatueBpeMe npo{ecop no errKa l48au AaBo6 nocrporaa HqKoronpeAe^eHnt, Kor4To no cbu{ecr8o ca ToqHo oTpaxeHue HaonpeAeleHnsra B KpnnroroBopa, cpB.: "KaKBo crpyBaule HaHaulara o6pyneHa crpaHa (nonnrnqecxara npocBera r nAeo-norntrecKara o6pa6orra - 6et. T.6.)... Canao aaHororoMHnreonycuf na npaBeutKun eHquKtonegucm 3aKonaxa B nAeonorur-qecKoro rpecaBlr.qe MnAuoHr4 rpeurHr4 napn" (ber,qHara. - e."[1op,rpena",6p.14,1990, c. 16). Karro ce B]4xAa, onpeAene-HueTo e ceMaHrnqeH cnHoHr4M Ha nocoqeHoTo no-HanPeA sKpnnroroBop npa\ewxu npofecop 14 roqHo orpa3rBa Hecbor-Bercreilero Me)rqy nponaraHAHua u geficrohrenHnr T. Xt,te-xoe. B Apyra srarut - "OanunQr4Karr" (florne4, 6p.24,19%),c. 121, nnrue: "Cne4 npoqeca cpeu{y Tparauo Kocros n pa3r-poM:l Ha BpaxecKara ono3ilq9rt Ha no8bpxHocrTa Ha MbTl4AKa-ra m3nlyBa egun npaSewKu eMypKa.t Jzl ero ro Ao BoxAa n yr{n-rem Ha 6unrapcrua HapoA (feoprra .A,nrrnarpoe - 6en. T.5.1'.Onpe4enenuero eMypKaq e arropcKa ynorpe6a no 4er,rcreu-TeAHoro 3HaqeHlre Ha zMypKaq'an,a, naruqa, Kogro cAeA rMyp-KaHe ce nogBtBa Ha HeoqaKBaHo 3a 3pnreM Mqcro'. To cnHo-Hr4MHo ce cabp3Ba c u3pa3a "HoBou3ntonltlut ce flrpen" npuCr. 5or4aHoe.

B. Ha 27.lX.1990 r. s 7.50 v. Pa4r,ro Co$na npeAcraBnqurarencKl4 MHeHnfl :jar KHnraTa Ha K. Llarupoa "Bropnnr era)K",KoMeHrnpaHa Beqe I ra3u pa6ora. B e4Ho or rqx aaroprr i ceonpeAeulue Karo "Bb3n]4raHnr aa npa&ewrcun eocnogutl'. flo

80cbu{ecrBo $opnnara npaSewrcu eocnoguH e eAHo npequ3upaHoe3nKoBo ra6y, c Koero u3l4cKaHo ce lrs6groa nnnero Ha T.Xnsros. 9pes nocrpoqBaHero Ha onpeAeneHnero npaBewxueocnoguH 3a qoBeK, roriro Aocera e 6un ect,t,.rxo Apyro, Ho He ]lrocnoAnH, ce BbBexAa MapKnPaHoro or HoBoroBopa eocno-guu. Aro sbe BpeMero Ha qeH3ypr4paHnfl e3r{K Ha AilKraryparace n3norcyBalxe eAnHcrseHo 3a uAeoôruqecKur npoilt8HuK,ceMHrHa, Ha KoroTo TpgoBaue Aa ce meMe 3eMgTa/ n 3a"Bpara c naprneH 6taner".

9. Or p,pyro qurarelcKo (cnyuarencro) nnHeHue B cbu-loropaAnonpeAaBaHe ycnsx Aa 3anuua "Knnrara npeAl,r3Bl,rKBacMeceH[ qyBcrBa. Ha nnecra u3nbKoa onpeAeneHa cuMnariltrurta T. Xneroe... T. Xilsroe e eAuH npecmunuut'. B cnyvaaonPeAeêHuero npecmbnHu,( cbu{o He ce Hy4Aae or KoMeH-rap. lzlrtaa ce npeABnA raro6r-r-1o npecrbnneHuero Ha,A,urraroparcum 6rnrapcKr4e HapoA.

10. B npe4aeaHero "BcrKa He4en9" or 28.1.1990 r. ,A,nrra-ropbr 6er-ue onpeAeneH c pennrKara: 'To4op Xneroa 6er-ueneo6paso\au qoBerc. He pas6rapaue Hilulo.". ToBa onpeAele-Hue rporecKHo 3acTaHa cpeqy ujr4poKo pa3râcr8aHara npe-4ra 10. Xl. 1989 r. nnr,rcrnQr,rKaqur, B Koero T. Xnsros 6er-uenpeAcraBgH Karo aBrop Ha Abnra peAuqa MHororoMHl4r{r, Ka-ro rBopeq Ha uAeu u KoHqenquu/ Karo reoperfiK Ha HayqHrtKOMyH143bM.

11. l-lo BpeMero Ha nbpBnre clegeceroHoemepnicxnMnrutru ce noqol4 KapuKarypa, uso6parrear-qa T. XraaroB Ka-ro 3arBopHr4K c HoMep tP1. Tara ce poAu onpeAeneHnero3am\opnux Ml (ua 6tnapun) Karo aHrureza na Kouyuucm cnapmuuna KHuxKa N:7, luymHo nponaraHAilpaHa or noAqnHe-Hnre Ha rA,r,rrraropa cpeAcrBa 3:l Macoaa raxQoprraaqrar.

12. Cne4 BpeMe a. ",A,emoxpaqr,rr" (6p. 157,1990, c. 4) seAHo onncaHue Ha BoeHHome4uq[HcKara aKaAeMmq cuo6-ulaea: "rA.,o npe4r,r noBeqe or Meceq xa 13-q er:DK Ha ra3ncrpaAa ce HaMupaue Buno&nuxtm Ml sa 6e4nre Ha 6unra-pr,rr. Toea ce npeBbpHa B qeHrbp Ha o6u4ecraeHul uxrepec."Onpe,a,eneHnero e eafennracruueH BapnaHr na samBopnurc M1.

81

13. B peqen3rera Ha f. y',pyne| 3a KHnrara Ha K. Llarcupoe

I onpeAeneHnero sa ,'A,urraropa, epV Koero e nocrpoeHo3ar aBnero, cpe.'To,o,op Xusxoe - gucugeum" e etee4ena ot-plrqarelHara oqeHKa rum reop6ara, cpB.: ",A,ocera HflKoh ca-MO nOAO3Upaxa rOBa, APyr,r He CMeeXa ,r Aa cn ro noMuc^tT,Ho ero, qe ncTnHara u3ne3e H:uBe: gucugeHm M7 xa 6unra-pl4t BcbulHocr e 6un caMuer Apyrap To4op Xttsxoan (Crup-uren, 6p. 2328,1990, c. 3). B roar,r cnyvari Ay,vrara gucugeHm eonpeAeneHa B nprKo nponrBononoxHoro o4 3HaqeHhe. Tash

$rryp" B AeKcnKolornsra ce Hapnqa eHaHTnoceMr4t, r. e. Ha-roBapBaHe Ha AyMara c npoTr,rBono^o)KHo 3HaqeHue.

lzt Cpeqy HarpanqnBo BrbnneBaHoro ua 6tnrapcKr4t Ha-poA MHeHue, ve T. Xneros e pbKoBoAl4TeA Ha HtKaKBo AeBe-rocenreMBpr,rricro BbcraH[e e CoQr,rr, LI\. fepacurvtod (ex.flpnHocur. To4op Xnaros n aHrn$auncrKara 6op6a. - B.HoBr4Hr4, 6p. 17,1990, c. 2) nrHacn 3anncaHn npeAn BpeMeMaAKo r43BecrHl,r onpeAeleHnn sa ,A,nmaropa Ha r43BecrHl4flKoMyHncruqecrra Qyxxqr4oHep y',.TepneweL, cpeA Kolrro ceqere u cleAHoro: 'Tosu qo&erc moea&a noqmu xuxoi om ?oteMu-me napmurjuu QynxquoHepu He noena\awe. loxoxomo uan, 6e-we ncxaxEo Kypuepqe Kbi4 epagcKue KoMumem Ha napmutma.XuSeewe cu Ae?aAHo..." KaKro ce BuxAa, qpe3 yM:lll4TenHara

Qopnna Ha Kypuep: Kypuepqe p,o6pn Tepneuee e npeAa^ He-rarnaHoro cl4 orHoueHne KbM T. Xnaroe il HeroBoTo 4ericr-BureAHo Mgcro I HeleralHara opraH3aq[oHHa Mpexa Ha EKl-lnpeAu 1944 r.

15. Cne4 10. X|.1990 r. craHa n3BecTna crpacna na T.Xuexoe ruan ra6nara. CpeR HapoAa ce 3aroBopn, qe Karo"3areopHur |rE1 " ers BoeHHara 6onnuqa ror,r npexapmn Bpe-Mero o4 B urpa ua ra6na c 6onxuqsnfl 14 3alrBopH[qecK]4t nep-coHal. Hesa6aeo ce 3aroBopr4 a ma6nagxunma. B ucropmrraHa Bunrapng cbulecrByBa aHanorilqeH Ha onncaHng cnyvari c4pyr "4erpoHnpaH" 6rnrapcxn AbpxaBHuK. Cuueon Page| v"Crpourenure Ha cbapeMeHHa Eunrapr,u (1990, c. 22O) onncBa3.lrBopHr,fqecrBoro na faBpu,t KpacmeBuu, reHepan-ry6epHa-Topa Ha l4sroqxa |rure,u,tr. - "!,np,o Kpucreuuv - xasa rola(t-fap4o$on Benuxu - 6etr. T.6.), - a3 MncM, qe Bre Karo cra-pil xoPa, 3a Aa He ce caKb4Ar,rcBare, u4e My yAaPmre e4Hra ra6-

82Alt. A3 ule Bu HaMept n ra6hu, 14 trooeK, rotiro Aa rn nrpae.Ta6nure 6r,r4oxa cKopo AoHeceHn n noAnp HtKoAKo qaca ornpilcrnraHero cH (a [olt^ o (onape - 6en. L5.) xepraara HaeAHa peBonnqnt, nauJara, orpa6ex or cBogTa Bnacr, xBbp-AruJe c rPecKaBa pbKa 3apoBere, cêAtu{ c qacr^mB rPenerTexHilt Kanpn3, roi neqeneure..."

Orasa ce, qe onpeAeneHuerc ma6mgxutrna e 6r,rorpa{ra-sra Ha T. Xuaxoe e e3nKoe peaHnMaHT. B nercuronor[flra pe-aHnMaHTu ce Hapn'{ar re3u Bb3craHooeHn AyMH, Kor4ro ca 6n-A14 B MnHaloro ynorpe6n&nu, BnocêAcroue sa6paeeHn nnnra6yrasrapann or Bnacrra. Eraorpa$rare n3Hecoxa AocrarbqHoSar,cra ga xusoia Ha onpeAeneHuero ma6tagxun B npegeBe-rocenreMaprlricrara 6uorpaQran Ha,A,nrraropa. Flupeoro cu-o6lqeHne sa 'ta6na4xnflTa" ce noqBr4 B eAuH HaAcAoB Ha cra-rr4r or Mapuaua Ercuuo\a, cpe.: Mysest na ma6tagxunma" @e-MoKpaqnr, 6p. a'l, 1990, c. 3). B crarnera ce pasrpr,raa 4eri-Hocrra xa T. Xnaroe a foae,qapqlt, KbAero cbnpyrara My A-pMapa Maneeea e'neraprb. "!,oraro rq u3nbnHseala AeKapc-Kun cn AbAr - ntaue M. Exraâoaa - rori y6r,reaa BpeMero t Hara6na, t c nolnruKaHcrByBaHe, t c aprncrnvua p.,euxocr. TaranoHe pa3npaBgr crapure xoPa, a a3 MHoro cbM ru c^yrual^npe3 nocleAxure 4aaricerl,rHa roAilHr4/ ti:Ilqoro qecro xop Tb-4nea. f'fo-pauo n 'ma6,tagxunma" npnKa3B:xa camo Hari-cra-pnTe..., Ho HanocêAbK qyBaM !{ no-MnaAure, MaKap u ou4enoA cypAl4HKa, qe He rn e nycHa^ crpaxa - aKo He or Apyro,To or KMera". Crpacrra rcrnn ra6nara e perucrpupaHa n no,Bpe-Me Ha npe6uearanero B c. ,{rcror, flaenr,rreHcro, rcu4ero T.Xneroa, He3aaHraxnpaH c rpyA, cbu{o ),r(taBeen noxpari ne-KapcKara npaKn4Ka Ha cbnpyrara cu. Cm. \ozganoS (Or anor-pr,rQa 4o rnacnocrra) e 3anucan rBbpAeHuero Ha g-p Cuueo-no|, rcyn xa Xmaroan, cnopeA Koero'To,qop e urpan c M aAe-xnre ra6na oKono 6onxuqara u no ra$eHerara,Ho Hr4Kora Hece e 3aHuMaBa c naprur,rHu 8bnpocr4, Koraro e noceu{aBa^4-p Maneeaa".

Onpe4eneHne'ro ma6nagxug B HenrcaHara 6raorpa{ran Ha.A,rarraropa e cb3AaAeHo, 3al Aa orpa3u orHoulennero Ha 6un-rapnre (xari-eeqe qpe3 HacraBKara or rypcKr4 npor43xoA-AXnn) KbM Ha3oBaBaHng c Hero o6err. Oruouernero e aH-roH 14 Ml4 qHo cpeu{y nponaraHAH oro "napnaen Qyx rqr,roH ep" 3a

83roAnHure 1932-1944. B e3uKa Hn onpeAeêHilero ma6âgxu,BnHaru ce e cBbp3oalo il c HoaHca 'voBeK, roriro cn ry6nBpeMero B nrpa Ha ra6na'; Mnxnlo3l4H.

16. EurrrapcKr4tr HapoA 3Haeue or EraorpafnqHr4q oqepK(c. 404), qe npe3 roAlrHure 1936-1937 T. Xneroe or6ilea eo-eHHara cn cnpx6a. Sraorpa{rr Vl. ilorce e or6qrHan onpeAe-neHilero 3:t BrAa Ha BoeHHara cnpr6a, Kotro cbBceM Toi{Ho eyKa3aHa s aero6uorpaQrarra Ha .A,nrcraropa (ex. T. Xu\rcoL,W$p. cuv., r. XXIV, c. 505), cpe.: "f1pes 1936 r. !{ nbpBrre Me-ceqlf Ha 1937 r.6ax mpygo9al'. Ot6nrsaHero He e c-.ryvariHo.' Onpe4eneHilero mpygo&a< o 6rnrapcxrr e3uK ce cBbp3Ba cycrorivueara KoHcrpyKr-p4n mpygo\a no\uuuocm, Koqro noBpeMero ua .A,'urraropat a v ou{e or BpeMero Ha Arr. Craru6o-nuficrn, rcofiro I BbBexAa, Ha3oBaBa er,r4 cnpx6a 3a Auqa cAOKa3aHu npeAr4 BCl4rrKO Kpl4MnHa^Hu AerHu9 l,t HeprAKO 3aAUqa c noûTLrqecKlr AeTepMuHuPaH npou3xo4, xoraro He ceHpaBn Ha ynpaB sBau{ilre. W'raxa: npou3xoAbr Ha T. XileroeHe e nonnruqecKu onpeAeneH. 6aqa rray il MAo t,ty ca 6nnu6esnapnar,ruu. Tennara ''rpyp,oear" e 6raorpafr,rrra Ha !,urraro-pa ce pa3Ayxa B neLrara npes 1990 r. 11. KoBaqeB B crarmera'Tpy4oearur or LUecra pora" (f1orneA, 6p. 9, 1990, c. 3) pas-

. cb)KAaBa: "A sau-1o auo6u4e He e o6n.{an Aa ce roBopl4 sa eot!-Hr4r.rKara r*y cnyx6a? Caroo rauqoro e 6un rpyAoBaK/ a roBaHe e 6nno npecrnxeH Qarr or 6r,rorpaSr,rrra Ha eAnH "l43rbK-HaT Aeell Ha MexAyHapoAHoro KoMyHucruqecKo ABl4xeHne,6enexur Abp)KaBHuK, BepeH uHrepHaquoHanucr u rBopqecKuMapKcucr-AeHuneq?" Ho nanu B oHt4q roALtHt4 B rpyAoBa no-Br4HHocr ca cnfxullr He6naroHa4exAHilTe 3a roraBatuHnresnacrn MnaAexu - peMcncrn u romyHncrn?

Tenaara'tpy4osax" a 6r,rorpaSraera Ha T, Xueroe 3aHrMa-n n Axeea HuxonoB B crarnqra "Cyera t,tl]t yMl4txneHa Ab)Ka?"(Beq. HoenHu, 6p. 22, 1990, c. 2). "CnopeA c^yxoBe (Ho 4oc-roeepHra) - nhlue rori - To4op Xueroe e or6nn BoeHHara cr4cnyx6a Karo rpyAoBaK, no-rorrHo Karo nucap a Hrxarue u4a6Ha rpyAoBLr soficru. Toea Ha npbB nor eA HaucrnHa He 3Byqe-tue AocrarbqHo aBTopr4TerHo rl eAHa ronKoea sa6enexnrenHanilqHOCT, a e ptettCranTe^Hocr npe3 CblqLlg nepuoA Xl4MAl4KoMyH l4cn4 n peMcncn4 cnyxar nopaA[ "xe6naroua4ex,6,Hocr"

84Karo rpyAoBaqu. CrpaHHoro B clyqar e, qe AoKaro Hurofi orrflx He Kpne ro3r4 {arr e 6uorpa$r,rnra cu u Hanpon4B - cnpaBo ro n3TbKBa, 3au4oro ro e AoKa3are^crBo 3€l peBo^loqn-oHxa 4eriHocr, To4,op Xheros npaBn roqHo o6parHoro. Bus-HIKBa Bbnpocbr: B raKbB oryrara rafisara oKolo BoeHHara Mycnp<6a (mrcro, BpeMe, "peeonoquonxa p,ef,xocr", 3a KaKBaroce HaMeKBa e ovepra) - AaAu ce AbDKr4 caMo Ha cyerxocr?"Onpe4enennero mpygoSaxce HaMecBa u B cnoMeHnte na Cm.SoegauoS (Or anorpraOa eo rnacnocrra) cpa.: "flpes 1941 r.,Koraro naprngra Beqe BoAl4 BbopbxeHa 6op6a, To4op Xr,ra-KoB e nucap e 9-ra rpyAoBa AplDKuHa e c. CrpelaMupoBqr4,Tpuxcro npu poreH KoMaHAup nopytrr,rK Maproa. Tpy4oaaqu-re 6nnu noBeqero quraHil u HgKoAKo axrnoQnnu. Tol,r {arrXilaroe Mm norBbpAr4 qpe3 Mnnro 6anes n ucKaue Aa noKa-Hr4 cBoe cbrpyAoBaK or XeHesa (Aro6en 6ac,r,ra62xr,ree - 6ea.7.6.), no nocleAHutr orKa3an Taq noqecr..."

l(ar no AaHHU Ha e3uKa e3uKoBeAbr Moxe Aa petrrn 3a-raAKara 'tpyp,oearn e 6raorpaQraera Ha T. Xraeroe?. Tunxosxr4-rr peqHnK He AaBa neo6xop,unnara rH$opnnaqnr c noAnpaBe-Hara 4e{nxuqns Ha mpygo*ar, cpa.: 1."BoliHur, xofrro cnyx}lB rpyAoBr,rre aoricru"; 2."Pngxo. Auqe, Koero or6rea rpyAoBanoeuHHocr". Boinnxur sy)Klr Karo rpyAoBaK BnHarn no Ht-KaKBa nBuHan - 6rano Ha KoHKperHoro nnqe, Koero or6nea eo-eHHara cnpr6a, nnta Ha HeroBnre poAt,treln. 3aroea ce e Ha-pt,tqa/6 u 'hpy4oea no-Bl4HHocr". Ora3ea ce, qe T. Xr4sroa Hee B3er HapoqHo rpyAo8aK 3apaA]r HrK.aKBa BrHa Ha cBonTepoArrelr. He e 6ran rpyAoeaK r 3apaAu peBo^pquoHHara ch,o,eriHocr, 3au{oro roraBa rori Hqi alue Aa nponycHe Aa n3TbK-He roBa o6cronrencrso s aaro6t,torpaQranra o,r. Ocraea xuno-re3ara, qe rofi e B3er B rpyAoBure soicrn nper 1935 r., a neKaKro nrlrue - npe3 1936 r. (ex. n Ko\a,ae&. Tpy4oearur orLUecra pora) no HgKaKBa ,o,pyra "euua".Ta3u uouHa" npn orcr-paHgaaHero Ha Apyrure ABe Bb3MoxHocn4 (npoanHeHun Hapo1nrenmre n co6creeHa nonurl4ttecra p,eriHocr) ocraBa Aa6t4,e rprarrnraH:InHa npogBeHocr.

. B nogrpena Ha ra3r xilnore:H Ao AHec I neqara He ce enotBrtj:rno Hr4ro eAHo cuo6u4eurae. B xpunrorooopa o6ave,oco6eHo a [a6poao, e u3BecrHo noA]4rpaearenHoro onpeAe-\eHne Kpageqbm ua Senocunegu,.or6ennsaHo no-rope. Pasn-

85pocrpaHeHo e cneAHoro o6Rcnenue Ha roBa onpeAeneHue: BHflKaKbB BecrHmK (sanracan cbM BapnaHr 3a B. '\hpo') taManocuo6qenrae Ha nolur-lnqra, Koero rnacqlo: "Cuo6u4aeaMe Hacofraricrrare rpD(AaHn, qe e 3aAoBeH Kpageqbm ua BertocuneguTogop XpucmoS XuBxoB or c. llpaaeq. KpranroroBopbr noAHa-cs ro3m HeoqaKBaH $arr. Sra6nraorpafcru He ycnqx Aa cecnpaas c e. 'Vrpo". ilpe4nonaraal, ve 6u,qeu{ure ucropu\h n6r,rorpaQra xa,A,nrraropa qe ro npoBeper.

s 25. ncEBAOHl4Ml4TE n nPO3BI4U!ATA HATOAOP XI4BKOB,A,O1 944 r.

1. B nocne4Ho BpeMe (cne4 10.X1.1989 r.) MHoro ce roBo-pr sa nbpBr4t r43BegreH nceBAoHr4M na T. Xraexoa (or 1941),3an[caH B AnqHa Kapra Karo LlSax y',u,uumpo| Touo\..A,. Mero-AueB, B "CvrH Ha cBoero speme"(c. 58), ny6nraryBa Kaprara cHaAcAoB "{anr-umea nuqHa xapra". An. Anercan4poa ("6n1nu eTo4op Xnexoe areHr-npoBoxarop?") ocBermBa Bbnpoca cnmqHara Kapra no cAeAHut HaqnH: "MHo3uHa robpAtr, qeXneroa He e B3eA noqrn HuKaKBo ytracrue B cbnporr4BaranpeAn 9. lX., qe HRMa noMeH or raKaea 4einocr a naprnfixureapxuBr4. Ho g 3aMrHa Ha roBa cbqecrByBar fanunura Alrr.rHl4AoKyMeHru Ha uMero na l48au TouoL, n3AaAeHn )DK or nap'rnq-ra, KaKro ce onhrBaxa Aa AoKaKar HlKol4 xopa or o6rpuxe-H[ero Ha Xueros. .A,pyraprr feoprra gaHroe, rofiro roraoa eKpynHa $rryp" B Haruero peBonlor.l4oHHo ABnxeH[e, robpA]4:"Orrpunare AncroBe c enn6nema ta neqar or MnnucrepcrBoroHa sofiHara ce notBuxa eABa npe3 aBrycr 1944 r., roraro p,o6-pra Tepner-ueB xoAr4 npu EarpanoB u noc^eAHnrr My AaAe He-nonblHeHn 6raxrn, Kor4ro Hre or HOBA pa3AaAoxMe Ha nap-l43:rHcKnre KoMaHAnpu. (Danrungara nilqHa Kapra Ha Xnsroeor 1941 r. He e AeAo Ha naprnflran. Anercax4poB AonycKa, qeKaprara e H3AaAeHa or cayx6r,rre Ha Hurona felues. flo-Hara-rur cuo6qaBa coeAeHnqra, B3en4 or noMou{HnKa Ha l-eujeeAaerccaugtp CanxoS, ror,rro onucal "arenr-npoaoKaropa" na [e-uJeB Karo "MAa4 ce,rlHnHo Ha pa6ora B AbpxaBHara neqarHt4l{ac "hMe TonnoB". "lzlilrena4ax ce - npoAbDKaea AAercaHApoB -no-KbcHo, Koraro Hayq[x, qe X[sxog 4efrcraurenHo e uMalr

86AnttHa Kaprra noA ToBa l4Me, n3AaAeHa BepotrHo or no^nqr{g-Tan.

llo rosn Bbnpoc Cm. 6ozgauoS (Or anorpr,r{a Ao r ac-uocna) nnure: "He mora 4a o6rcur sa ce6e cu u npoh3xoAa,n qelra Ha {aauraeara Kapra, Koflro px T. XneroB t,tMal 3acbrpyAHuqecreo Ha BoeHHoro pa3y3HaaaHe. Karo Ab^roroAlr-l-ueH nHcrpyKrop Ha l-{K Ha 6Kl-l ra no3HaBau4 KaApure noLrn4 Bqtnara crpaHa, a3 HilKora He cbM cpeu{an ltMero xa T. Xns-KoB MexAy l43TbKHarnre Hault,t aKTnancru. Huxona flagnog nHero8ara xena l-luun cbulo ,rMaxa raKo&t BneqarneHne...rl

Bopty $amur,raara AnqHa Kapra cnupa cBoero BHnMaHuen nocrreAHurr 6raorpa{ tra.^A,nrcraropa - K. r-larcupoa (Bropraarer:DK, c. 38) cpe.: "[Io crpaHnqnre Ha BecrHnqure ce norBnxa

farcuanmnera or HeroBhe orKpr4r nilcr c Saauraeo nue l4\au,\uuumpoS Touo9, u3AaAeH or MuHncrelnBoro Ha oofiHara,sa ceo6o4xo npnABuxBaHe H3 L{rnara crpaHa. Hqrou ca oco-6eHo no4ospr4TelHr4 mnn Sarra, i{e orKpr4n4gr Ar4cr e m3AaAeHHa 14 anpun 1941 r./ r. e. HrKoAKo Meceqa npeAn peueHneroHa KOMyHr4Crnr{ecKaTa napT}rr 3;t 3anoqBaHe Ha BbopbxeHa6op6a. Cne,o,oearenHo, rBbppr, ve naprn ri Horo pbKoBoAcrBoHgMa Hnu{o o6rqo c ro3r4 4oxymeHr".

Bnx4a ce, qe u Llarupoe He npn6aer Hnu{o HoBo KbM re-Mara 3:l nceBAoHr4Mure Karo e3ilKoB ssar. 3acera nmero Ll\anl,unumpo9 Tono| Karo nceBAoHl4M l,r ecKrpanuHrBucruqHarauHQopnnaqr,rn oKo^o Hero ca HanbAHo Hepa3raAaeMn e.bHo-nnacrdqen nnaH, r.e. or rsx He Moxe Aa ce u3BeAe HuKaKBaAonbnH urenHa u u {opr*aque 3a 6raorpa$vrnra Ha .A,vr rraropa.

2. flnxo e HeroBoro HeneralHo ulae. 3a Hero o6aue cuuqoHtMa HUKaKBU AOnbAHl,rTeAHn AaHHn. cqXaU e npO[3At3AO OTHnuloro. A raxn ea nceBAoHr4M[ He cbulecrByBar.

3. Cuu4oro,3ar cb)KaleHne, rpr6ea Aa ce Ka)Ke u m Apy-rmq nceBAoHuM - Mapxo, c xoriro e npenoAnilcaH nceaAoHlr-pnol fluxo B nncMo 4o qa6a Ha flrpea BbcraHnqecKa onepa-rnBHa goxa (sx. CyrH Ha csoero BpeMe, c. 5B); UnA 78, on. 1,a. e. 6-6.). Toea ca rpilre lrMeHa - I48an TouoB, fnxo n Mapxo,Ko'rro caMo ce M:lpKupar or oHoMalcrnqHoro r43cneABaHe 3:r6raorpaQurra xa ,A,nrraropa, Ho no cbrqecrBo ocraBar Hepa3-qereHu sa 6u4euqr,rre 6morpafn.

87

s 20. Al4KrATOPbr BbB oPA3EOAOTUqHOTONPOCTPAHCTBO HA 6bATAPCKl4f E3I4K3a 4nmaropnre BbB BceKr4 HaqnoHalHo onpeAeneH Ho-

Boroaop nMa HeosaKBaHu cpaBHeHut, Koerro cae4 !,erponu-paxero" npu Bcr4r{Kr4 nonoxeHtaf rn npeAcraBflT B KoMr4qHacBernnHa. Tara 6eu.re w. Cmaaun xaro "6ar4a ua xapo4nte","npnflreA Ha BcHqKr4 pa6orHraqn no cBera" unu, no AyMure HaEp<apraH - 'HnHrnc xaH, xoriro e npotrel Mapxcn (lO. 6opeL,noc. au.), rarca 6eue c Tumo raro "6ar4a Ha lorocnaecKureuapo4r,r", c 4ayutxxy raro "nperpaceH npnHqn, nl-lpopoxn,

"CuMBoA", nCux Ha cnbHqero" n noA., TaKa e u AHec cbc cpaa-HeHnsra 3a lrpaKcKr4t AnKrarop Cagau Xroceun, npeAcraonHraro "ctepeMeHHilg Carra an Arnn, y Hac il3BecreH noBeqe Ka-rc ,Anaguu or npuKa3Kara sal Bb ue6nard nann6a (ex. noaeuenpn Euuo focnogunoS, "Ca4am XrcceuH. Mevrr, HaAeXAaral4nr4 Kor.uMapbr Ha apa6nren, fiorne,q, 6p. 39, 1990, c.6)

l4menara-cpaBHeHnr sa T. Xusxoo Karo 4o6aruvHn ume-Ha Beqe 6nxa pasrne4arra. Tyx ce aHalta3]rpar HlKor4 ycrofivn-Bt4 CrpyKryp[, Kor4To ce nogBhxa B KpunToroBopa Karo cbor-BerHa peaKqnr Ha HepeanH[re cpaBHeH]rt sa,A,r,rmaropa e Ho-BoroBopa.

1. B KprnroroBopa Ha c. l-lpaaeq or 1945 r. Ao AHec ceynorpe6asa ycrorauraaoro cpaBHeHne sa us6RrBaHe Ha uMeroHa ,A,nrraropa

nMaxnr,t ro rofl 3anQupxrcl". Cpaaxexuero ecBAaAeHo no nMero-npo3alru-{e Ha HeroBur pSgo Togop 3au-

'Supxto n Ha 6arqa *ry Xpucmo 3aufiupxn, c Koero ce noKa3Banpexe6pexnrenHoro orHoueHue Ha npaBqaHn KbM pga 3au-

SupxcoSqu raso6u1o. Syxaannoro 3Ha.reHt,te Ha cpaBHeHnero e:"MaxHere ro3n qneH Ha poAa 3ann$rapxrooqnn, a KoHKperHoroB AHelxHt4g HoBoroBop e niuaxHere ro3a4 qoBeK, xotiro e u3t4c-no Karo ArAo ch nbAapnHa n rnauarae 3aufiupxd.

2. B rpunroroaopa nocroeHHo ce ynorpe6flBaue cpaa-HeHuero: 'Axo pa6omama 6ewe i'tHoeo ry6a8o Heulo u 6ail Towo(u Towo; gngo Towo; u Toglop Xu1xo|) t4ewe ga pa6omulu.lAmace npeABnA Snrnuecxnrr rpyA. He ycnnx Aa orKpl4t aHanor,no roiro e cBAaAeHa ycroivneara KoHcrpyKqr4r. Par.rereHa

88o6ave, Tt npgKo ce cBbp3Ba c ocraH:rnure e3,rKoB14 Qarrn, ro-grro npeAcraaqr T. Xneroe Karo qlD(A Ha {nsnvecK}rs rpyAr{oBeK, cpB. aHa^n3rpaHnre ryK eAnHnqn: npaSewxun Augpew-rco, npa\ewKue xumpe.+ ceAcKut xumpeq ma6aagxunma u Ap.

B nocae4Hnre roAlrHer Ha AnKrarypara cpeA HapoAa ce3:lroBopr4 sa 6orarcreoro Ha ,A,urraropa ry B Mlrnr4oHu, ry BMunuapAr Aonapu, sb sannuqn a [leefiqapnst nworn e tlcna-HHt, KaKTo n 3a npaxocHuqecrBoro Ha Heroann cnn. l-lupaoro

Ao AHec He ce AoKa3a, Froporo o6aqe ce norBbpAra. B pesyrr-rar Ha re3u clyxoBe ce cwAaAoxa cpaBHeHusra: y',a ue ctu To-gop XuAxoB, ma... (Hanp. nocroeHHo Aa AaBaM napn Ha Aeqa-n\; Togop XuBxoS ga He Mu e 6aqa, ma... (xanp. Aa xoAt Bcr-Ka Beqep Ha pecropaxr)". Tesu H3pa3n ce onpeAelsr B e3nKo3-HaHnero raro Qpareolorn3rpaHn KoHcrpyKr4ran (ex. rpyAo-Bere Ha npo$. K. Hu,ae&al.

B npoqec Ha yrabpxAaBaHe ca u cpaBHeHuna xu\xo6cxage6enauquna, xu$rco\crca npocmat4uHa.

,{rnro BpeMe KbM :}arnlarure ua 6rnrap[re ce npu6aeaxaep,un "5 AeBa", Kol4To HapoAbr, He 3H:rg no KaKBu npnqnHn,6er-ue HapeKb "flerre AeBa Ha (or) To,t.op Xr4BKoB". 3anncancbM ynorpe6n xaro cneAHilre: 'llpes 1974 z. Bseuax sanaama 80,re&a, c S-me ae\a xa Togop Xu$rco| - 85 ne\a."; "C nemme ae\aua Togop Xu9xo| cu xynyAax KHuztJ'.

' CpaeHerus c "a Aa" ce cHAaBar B e3uKa sa ynop,o6raaxe

Ha HqKaKBa nprnrKa. Tara ce cuAaAoxa ycroriulren KoHgr-pyKrlr4r4 Karo: c Mycmaqu a aa lOeoS (ex. 6exnpo8, noc. cbr1., c.96), uycmau,u a n Cma'tuy npuqecKa a m Xumnep, noxogKa a Aa4annuu n Ap. noA. Hrronxo oco6eHocu s nnqHocrra Ha T.Xnsroa craH;xa npr4qnHa 3:r cwAaaaHero Ha cpaBHeH[ero ana XuBxoB I cneAHure clyqau: Koraro usxori np[rexaaaureTBbpAe rono TeMe, Ho ro MacKnpauJe 3aA Ab^ra Koca, yxcpecaHa Ha nbr, 3a Hero 3anoqHa Aa ce Ka3Ba, 9e "npurexaoanpuqecKa a aa XuBxoS'. Culr4oro cpaaHeHne ce n3norcyBatre n3a Auqa, Kor4To AonycKaxa Aancycmre Ha.A.,rarcraropa, cpe.: "ro-Bopn ManKo a na Xu\xo|'.

Or cpe4ara ua 70-re roAnH&r cpe4 6unrapnre ce norol4ecrecreeH crpeMex Aa ce HaManra ynorpe6ara Ha saxap. Oro-no nueHero Ha raQe c eAHa nbxnqKa 3axap uA14 raso6uqo 6es3axap ce cb3AaAoxa cpaaHeHnn'ra: "Kafemo c egHa AbxuqKa

89saxap, ̂'to^t. Kamo Ha Togop XuArco&. Heqo ga xaxew!'; 'KaQe-

mo cu nus Kamo Togop XuSxoBu (roero o3HaqaBalue - c 1 nt-xnqKa saxap); "Kax ga mu uanpaLn xafemo? - Kamo ua TogopXu$rco9" (r. e. nar c eAHa Abxl4qKa 3axap). B e4na ronrMa qn-raHcKa Mixana xa flnoe,o,ue - CronunruoBo, HflKoAKo qnraHlao6cegBaxa npeA aBTopa, qe nugT r{at cn c "AeMoH" - xamo To-gop Xu\ro\.

s 2T. SbArAPCKATA AEKC]4KA, CBbP3AHA UAtnPoU3BEAEHA OT T4MEHATA HA AT4KTATOPA

Haua ,a,nrrarop B cBeTa, or qnero nMe B cborBerHnre Ha-ql4oHa^Hn e3],rql,{ Aa He e npon3BeAeHa oHoMacT[qHa n Heo-HoMacr[qHa AeKcuKa. Camoro c'bu{ecrByBaHe Ha ABara runaAeKCUKa I HaqUOHaAHr4Te e3uqn e e3nKOsOTO OTp:DKeHUe Hapea^Horo cbu4ecrByBaHe u pear^Hara 4eraxocr Ha cborBerHntAnKrarop Karo ncropr4qecKa AnqHocr. Tara Hanp. no t4MeroHa n3BecrHnre ArKraropu Aenuu, Cmaauu, Tumo, rlepSenxo|

r Ap. ce cb3AaAoxa Ha3saHnr Ha y uqn, 3ilBoAr4, rpaAo8e, Ho-Blf AyMr4 n np. c 6unrapcrn eKBlrBaAeHrn Karo Aeuunepag, Ae-H uHaKa H (saao4, y Au\a, 6yneeap4, nnou-1a4), Aeuuu, AeH u HcKulAeHuHeq, AeuuuoS, (nvruHo une) Aenun; Cmatunzpag, CmaAuH(rpa4, AHec orHoBo Bapna), Cmartuu (eprx, gnec Mycata), Cma-,rulr (nnvHo nMe, AHec \ec:ro Cmahxo), cmatuncKut cmaAuHLlt4Cmaauneu, CmanunoS, mumoSeun mumo\cxu, Tumo| n noA.

'Xuercosnqr" 0o"A B cbBpeMeHHara 6urapcKa AeKcuKa e

Aocra ronrm. fonelnuqr 6pofi vrmexa roqHo orroBapfl Ha AbA-roro BpeMe (35 r.), B Koero p.,r,r;caropur aHraxxpauJe KbM ce-6e cn 6rnrapcKl4t HoBoroBop n 6unrapcxue KpnnroroBop. He-

)/TPaAHa nO Cbu{ecrBo eA[Huqa B ro314 nepnoA ocraHa caMoABycbcraBHoro co6creeHo rMe Ha .A,r,toaro pa Togop Xu 8xo8.

I. Onauacmuqna AeKcuKa B dtrcapcxut $uK, c0bpSaHacno&m6patyBame Ho c uMenama na y',uxmamopa

1. p,urraropbr xuBeettre s 6aHKe. flrrrr or 6orxa 4o6anxg ce oxpaHtBauJe nlbrHo n ce xlrr!:lpglue c qacoBe, 3a Aace ta3r{aKa M[HaBaHero xa T. Xnaros. Tara B KpnnroroBopaTo3r4 nbr ce Hapeqe Xu$xoSusm ntm.

90

2. fiupeoxaqalHo or6rsKara ua Xu$xo\us nbm or fopno-6ancrnl nbr MgrHaBarxe npe3 (Dunrnoaqn. (DnnunoacrureqnraHu o6a.{e 3anoqH:Ilr4 Aa npecpeqar dox4a: BeAHbx oc-TaBlrnn Ha nbrn npa3eH Ky+ap, 3a Aa n3nr4rar canbopcKureno3HaH}rt Ha oxpaHara, 8ropl4 nbT npenpequnu nbTR My c Ab -ra cear6a, rperr nbr orKa3e:lnl4 Aa ce cKp'rqr nph npeMuHaBa-Hero Ha Koprexa r,r np. Toraea, o6rcHnear {rannnoequ, cne-qilanHo npoKapaxa HoB nbr or Cyao4oncKun r3oBr4p nper Ma-Hl4AoB AoA 3a Eanrs. Togu nur B KplrnroroBopa 6eue Hape'.reHQapcxunm mm.

3. l-lpes 1976 r.T. Xnexoe npgrcbcrByrr:l Ha rbpxecreara BEarax... Ha Heroao u,rae 6eue HapeqeHa eAHa HoBoorKpnrarpaAcKa qeuMa - Togop-XuBro&ama qewMa.

4. B qeHrrpa Ha flpaaeq 6er.ue nanpaBeH onur Aa cenpeHece cbBercKara npaKT[Ka 3€l nocrpotBaHe Ha 6rccr-na-MerHl4r-p4 Ha xnBu repou Ha AbpxaBara. Tara 6eure nocTpoeHHe 6rocr-naMerHnK, a flauemuuK Ha eepot na iuzapun TogopXu$xo4. B Hoeoroeopa ro3r4 o6en ce Hapuqaue camo fla-MemHuKa na Togop Xu$xo&. Toaa 6eure nbpBr{sr namerHr.rK BSunrapnn Ha xgrB rroBeK - nbpBlrqr, BeporrHo n noc eAHntrraKbB naMerHur, nspa6oreH orcK ynropa B. Mnxeroa.

B rpnnroroeop [TauemHuKbm ua Togop XuBxoS ]rMaureo6aqe Apyro nnne. Hapo4rr n oco6eno npaBqaH[ ro Hapmr{a-xa: "KaK cme?" lufu"rero ]4Anat^o or roBa, qe no3HaTara BA[rHaTapbKa Ha ,{rarraropa nphBercrByBala c: "Karc cme?" nnnr'nqnte,Kolrro n3nlt3anu or pecropaHra nllJarparan.

3a rosu naMerHrK cera He ce 3Hae Htaulo: pa3Ka€xa Muo6aue, qe Koraro 6nn 4ennonrnpaH or VEO, npaavaHn t4 roc-TuTe npncbcrByBa^n Ha KoMr4rrHa cqeHKa: EbxeTo Ha KpaHanoBAnrHano naMerHnKa/ 3axBaHar c npnMKa 3a Bpara HacKylnrypara, nro6pasraaqa rA,rarraropa. Pasrarsaxa n eAt,rHBlrq: cbBercKu rypt,tcrn nocerunta noBTopHo flpaaeq cne,a, ,a,e-MoHrhpaHero Ha naMerHhKa,3aAaaa n Hey4o6xrre Bbnpocn:'Tyx uanu uMawe naMemHuK Ha gpy?apt Xu9xo9? - He, nurcoeane e unaao! - yeeptBaln rocrnre y6e4eHrare B cnooara cn eKc-rypsoao4n."

Kr,qe e AHec roB:t npou3BeAeHne Ha [3KycrBoro - rpyAHoMoxe Aa ce raxe. l-lpaeqaHil ca y6e,o,eHm, qe naMerH[Kbr e

9LcKpr4T B HtKaKbB cKAaA, KoriTo ce HaMnpa e Cofr,rficxut KBaFran l4nuenqn nnn HtKhAe xa6nngo.

5. Mysetm na Togop XuBrcoB. C roea uMe ca no3Haru rpr4o6erra. lfrpeuar c ycnopeAHo nMe Kw4a-nyseu ua Togop Xu&-ro9 e s flpaaeq. B euquxnone,a,nn n6wrrapnnn (c. 398) rcur4arae o6qsexa ra napxnrerrypeH u erHorpa$crn na,tnerxnKn. C\erpoHrapaHero" Ha,A,rarraropa npecraira 4a pa6onr. B nnysefi6erue npeBbpHara poAHara My Kbu{a, nocrpoeHa or 4rAo MyTo4op 3ar'nQrapruo.

Mytert xa Togop'XuSxo| u*ra u a c. loae4apqn, Cannoroe-cro. flocrpoeH e no noBoA Ha HtKaKBo r4AE[IHe xa T. XrsxosB cenoro B ABopa Ha cbulara frtqo, roAero 6urra reaprhparaHa A-p Mapa Marreesa. Ero n Heroeoro onncaHne ot M. Ercu-uo1a (Mpear na ra6na62runra): !\eyeraxHa nocrpotixa, or-BbH c MpaMopeH noA lr AbpBeHa o6nnqoexa orrbrpe. lA c nv-qucro oronneHue I noAa - eAuHcrBeHo e pavroxa. Crc cKbnotnoHcKo BilAeo Ha ropHun eTilK 3a eAHa eAHHcrBeHa Kacera,Kogro ce nocraBsna npu noceu{eHuero xa 4eneraqnu..."

Tpenanr o6ercr c rMe Mysert ua Togop XuBxoB ce.HaMrpag c. Aecuqoso, flasap4,lxl4uJKo, KbAero M aAugr Xuexoa, na-pnqaH ryx Towxam4 e npeKapal 40-50 AHU Karo rocr Ha cbn-pyrara oa. Ero u [cropr4sra Ha roBa ]4Me B 6unrapcxara r-ono-H,^Mnt, onucaHo or B. Xpucmo8a (A,pe6Ha ncropna): oHa ape-mero ,A,r,r'rnrup Xenee (ndne nocl:rHr4K na HPF e Aon4on)peulnl, ue 6au4ranoro My ceno (Aecu,{oBo - 6ea. T.6.1MoxeAa ce npoqye c oqe Heu4o - 3aqo Aa r3ocraBa or foee4apqraHanPuMep, KbAero rarva nnlaeri xa Mapa Maneeea u To4opXnexos. 14 ce saen c noMorqlzl xa CroqHra KprcreHoea ornorernciro Ha SauenrnHn I KaqecrBoro 14 Ha ceKperap xa OKxa bKfl - l-lasap4xr4K, Aa orKpne no4o6eN a,ryreri s AecuqosoKaro npnAarbK KbM Apyrlrn - peeont<lt{}roHHr4s myreri. Or.tyx-AeHa 3a Aocra napra (orono 12 000 ne.) 6nla qacrra or Kbu{araB qeHrbpa Ha cenoro, KbAero e xlrBsla Mapa Maaeeea... ,,A,o-Ay, B ArcKnHa, nMano ta3noxeHn {orocn, KaprnHn, n6na. lAoHa3u crapa BecrHuKapcKa 6enexxa 3a xaH Tarap. [ope, aABere crauqKn, 6una runrqna no,o,pe46a or 1939 r. ... Cera ru-u{ara B qeHrbpa Ha Aecnqoso nMa ra6enra: "lAy6 na O@".

92Myeer,rHara c6npra e lt3qe3Hala BeAHara clreA Aecern HoeMB-pr,r. Karo qe HrKora He e nmalo...n (no4u. moe - li6'.)

6. flpe4n HrKoAKo roAnHta Ernrapcxara releBu3l4t u3nb-vra Spexcxr4s cept,t:ln "llJaro BaloH" (no nnaero Ha h3Ml4cAeH

fpexcxr,r rWA Uamo Banou c erlrMonorut '3aMbKbr Banon').Bep,xara B Kpr4nroroBopa no nbrt Ha AeKcnKarrHara Ae+op-Maq[r ce norBl4 Totub Bahn Karo aHe\Aorl4trHo nnne na flpa-eeq, o6paeyeaHo or KoHraMnHaqlrflra Ha Wamo c Towo.

7. KonnyxucrnqecKara BbpryulKa s flpaeeq or nMero Haqrloro rpaxAaHcrBo B 3HaK Ha npn3HarelHocr t<yn Mapyu,aXu&rcoBcxa 3aroea, qe e poAnla lt orr eAala raKbB AocroeH"cun xa cBot HapoA, Ha cBoero speueo nocraB[ umero 0r xaeAHa or rlaBHnre y uqr4 B rpaAeqa. Taxa e ucropmrra Ha npa-Be[lKara ronoHnMut u{e ocraHe ynuqa'Mapyqa XuSxoSa', ne-3aBncnMo orroBa, qe taMero ir geqe e "BacuAAeScxu'.

8. l-leao4xeBHara AercKa rpaAHHa a [lpaaeq cbqo ce Ha-pnqaue 'Mapyu,a XuSxoSa'.,Cera Hocr4 npocmqKoro nMe I U\fSApase4'.

9. flo4o6xa cu46a n^,ra il eAl4H or roleMure co$uricxr,r6yireaapp,ra, csbp3Baq KBaprrarlure nMnaAocrn l, ll, lll, lV, Sracr-p,rqa n Xenesxuqa .rpe3 6yneaap4 uAeHnHo (4xec"l-[apr,rrpa4cxo uroce) c qeHTbpa Ha cronnqara, rofrro Hoce-ue [Mero Ha Abu{epsra xa,A,rlrrarop Angmu,ra XuBxoSa.

10. Hai-ronrnnara o6rqecrBeHa crpaAa y Hac cbrqo 6euenMeHyBaHa BpeMeHHo Hapogen gBopeq Ha Ky^mypama "Angnu-na Xu6xo8a". Cera e caMo Hau,uouaten g\opeq Ha Ky mypama.

11.l4nnero xa Aro4runm XnexoBa:l:lcera cron n a uMeH-Hara KoHcrpy xtyn (Dougaqun uAngmu,ra Xu $rco\a".

12. ,,A,,pyr u3BecreH o6er,a e Co$ue, cobp:tlH c HMero HaAngmuna XuSxoSa e fpodtm na Anguuaa (XuSxoBa), oxpaHteaHno BpeMe Ha ,A,rarraropa or cneqnanHn nocroae. Hannurpa ce a[e Hrpanx rare co{ r,r r,rcrra rpo6r,r rqa.

13. Car*,rqr a3 ocTau:x yAuBeH, Koraro orKpl4x e Exqrar-AoneAnq o6unrapnen, B craruqra sa l-lpaaeq (c. 389), qe npaB-qaHcKoro "flpe4npr,rrrue 3a MecrHa npoMlruneHocr ra ycryna'f

93ce Hapilqa "Xpucmo Xu$rco|". He cun oqaKfxln TaKoBa Haxrnct-Bo: Aa crrox'rrrl nMero Ha eAlrH nocPeAcrBeH cenaHtaH, xofiroHe e Morbn Aa craHe n pa6ornrar, Karo narpoHHo Ha BaxHonpeAnpnen4e. lz1 ro caMo 3a roea, qe e 6r,rn 6ar.qa Ha cbape-MeHHnt ,A,nmarop.

14. Cnor,aexaruflr B r. 5 Mpei Ha TogoP Xq\xo9, n3BecreHBeqe u .<aro Mqenm ua ma6aagxuema cnep, ny6nuKyttalHero HaeAHouMeHHara crarng xa M. ErnmoBa, Hoct4 lt nMero nMeuo-

puat Mapa MaaeeSa Xu8xo6a".

15. Egxa or coQr,rracxnre 6onnnqn cbulo Hoceue nMero\otxutqa 'g-p Mapa Muee\a-Xu&roSa'. B foae4apqn uwa u Me-Mopua^'y',-p Mapa Marce\a XuBxoBa'

16. XuSxoScKomo, raKa ce Haprqa eAHa ,wxaâ (ronra-6ar) or HqKoAKo Kbuln Ha prosxrnaA or l-lpaeeu, orKbAero Bo-

Au noreKloro o4 poAbr aa Xu$xo&crcu. B l-lp""eq raKa ceuMeHyBar {annnnHnre ronn6aqn, cpe. $onpcxomo, r\lncokxo-/no n noA. lzlnnero e no poAoBoro nMe xa Qannnnr,rrra, pa3rne-

4axo a $ 22.

17. Xu&xo&qu e Apyr npaBqaxcKl4 BaPraHr Ha rMeroXu\xoScxomo. O6paryeaHo e n3qflô or poAoBoro urrrc Xu6-xo\qu na Qarrnhnnrra, GUlo pa3rleAaHo eS 22.

18. Po4xoro Mrgcro xa,A,nrraropa, c. npaBeq, c eA KarocraHa rpaA c H[lqoxHo MilAKo HaceêHne, B KP]4nToroBoPa3anoqHa Aa ce HapHua l-lapcxomo ceuo. J4mero 6eue npolt3Be-

AeHo no aHaôrrt c pycKoro l-lapcxoe ceao xpah CanrrFlerep6ypr (AenuHrpap,), cebp3,.tHo c flerup l. Eunrapcroro o6-pa3yBaHlfe ltapcxo ceao 6ewe u I nPtKa BpBKa c Kprnroro-BopHoro onpeAeêHne ra,{nrraroq lJap Togop flryBu.

Cne4 10 HoeMBplr 4o6aruvnoro KpunroroBopHo llMe Hal-lpaeeq ce noiBl4 lt B neqara, cpe.: "Palnpa$n nu egna epax-gaHKa na l7pa\eu, qe W xumeuume Ha 'qapcxomo ceAo" caMu,6el vloxga noMoLtl ca pasKpacuuu pogHomo cu ceto u ca eo npe-Srpnuu 8 pai ue6ecen" (Crupuren 2296, 1990, c. 31.

19. B aaropcKara peq ce noqBn n 4o6amvHorc nne fpagHa cnbHqemo (Crupr.uen, 1. Xll. 1990 r., ex. "Penopma)K om aPa-ga Ha orbHrlemo').lGro meraQopa e B npflKa BpffiKa c HeBmx-

94

AaHoro 3a MalKtare 6urapcrra cenqa crponrencrBo n 6naroyc-rporicrao a flpaaeq (ex. noseqe npn Acen 6oxaxo8, An.{HnsrnoMeH c AbpxaaHa nura, Crupu.ren, 6p. 2296,199A, c. 3).

20. To4op Xt,texoa nocrorHHo l43Anraure caon npn6nu-xeHu or poAHr4t cra rpari - 6oreerpa4cro. Cne4 noesJara Hanoc^eAHne r'ay 6oreerpaAcKr4 npra6nrxeH - l-lerxo ,a,aHvea,grurHan 4o MunncrepcKr4s cbBeT n 4o flonr,rr6ropott, B Kpun-TOTOBOpa Ce noflBr4 H HOBa eA[Hr4Lla 3a Ha3OBaeaHe Ha reor-paQcxa o6nacr, uMeHHo flpa\ewro B 3Har.reHue Ha '6orear-

pa4cro'. Cnep, l0 HoeMBpl4 ynorpe6ara ce perncrpnpa n BnncMeH BuA, cpa.: "r\ouopaaume .xu po6omagxuu u KoMilo-mbpHume acoSe om llpSeuxo eoguHu Hapeg gocmaSnxauexa,recm$eHume cu xetesapuu I pautcume ua cutaq\aHumegocma9xu 0 CnB, goKamo u3moqHume HeMLp ce qygexa xax, 6esga uu odugnmt ga Hu HaKapam ga gocmaLnne u Het4o no-c9scm-uo" fl68 uaca, 6p. 24, 1990, c. 2). l4nnero ce o6paryaa He orocHoBa (ceno) ITpaSeq (xaro e npa\ewxo setwtu(4e, ITpa$ewxaAtxa&uqal, a or onpeAeneHhrra ua,A,r,rrraropa Karo fipa\ewxuC$emu Tqop, flpa\ewxun lurcmamop, llpaSewxun npoSecop nnoA., pa3r eAaHu no-Hanpep,. TovHlrnr cnHoHt,rM Ha Kpunroro-BopHoro reorpaQcro nne [lpa\ewro e 'To4op-XileroBcxo'.

21. XuBrcoSo Bpeue. C rosa 3HaMeHareAHo nMe npe3 Ero-para noloBuna Ha 1994 r., Koraro uKoHoMr4qecKara Kpu3a on-pa3Hn HanbAHo Mara3nHilTe xa Eunrapnn, 3anorrna Aa ce roBo-pn a Xu9xoSomo Epene Karo uMe enoxa, B Koqro "HgMaHeronHtMalxe TaKnBa pa3Mepu, cpB. ynorpe6lrre, 3anncaHu or pa3-roBopHara peu: ? XuSxoSo Spne 6ewe no-go6pe', '[7o Xu$-xofu Spne noHe uMawe cupeHe u 6eBuH".l4r'lero e o6paryaa-Ho aHanornqHo Ha raKuBa [3oecrHr4 ynorpe6ra xato Qapcxo\peue, CmaauuoSo \peue, XpywuoSo hpeue, u noA., cpB. ynor-pe6ara Ha nocleAHara koHcrpyKr-p4t: "Pouaucume cu lMuxaut3Sesguncxul nuwe om XpywrtoSo Spme HacaM u ommoza\a ec-mpagama sa mex e "Bxog sa6pauen" (168 uaca, 6p. 24, 1990, c.13). Ararraroprr T. Xraxoe e enoxa a 6unrapcrara ncropne.Taxa oc cBor4 cpeAcrea ro orpa3il n e3uKbr.

22. XuSxoBcKu pexuM.lzl,raero HaBAe3e rpafiHo B Kplnro-roeopa no BpeMe Ha.A,urrarypara. AHanorn'.rHo e Ha uMeHHh-

95re KoHcrpyKpuu Cmai,tftono| pexuu, Cmaauucxu pexuu, Tu-mo\cxu pexuvl n noA. lGro repmnH qe ocraHe a 6urrapcrur.e3uK 14 6unrapcrara AecKnKorpafr,tn sa or6enRsBaHe Ha eA'rHor Hafi-,rnpaqHure nePiloA14 or 6unrapcxara [cfopr4r, HapilqaHou{e B KpunroroBopa cbc "caHKama Ha upaKa", a I HoBoroeopa6c "gacmort"r'bacmolHo 9peue".

. 23. y',uxmamypama. lA*rero He ce cBbp3Ba c n3eecrHoroguKmamypa Ha npolemapuama, a e npou3BoAHo or,o,o6aruuuo-ro nMe Ha T. Xnaxoe - y',uxmamopa. CnuoHnrun: Xu$xo&o6peme, XuSxoScxu pexui4/ "B csHrcama Ha MpaKa\ 3acmon, 3ac-modno 4peue.

24. Cnep, 10. Xl. 1989 r. B e3nKa ce noflB14 cbqeraHrero cBpeMeHHo 3HaqeH[e "npu XuBxoS\ cpe. ta no AaHH]4 Ha neqa-ra: "B 6p. 26 u 27 ua uesaSucuuug B. n\en" ocbgeHutm ot4e npuXuBxoS sa s^oynompe6u sau.-uuHucmbp feopeu BymeB pasxasSaJa HequcmonubmHume uepu B$ Sucwun eweuoH na Saacmma"(.A,enaorpaqnn, 6p. 1 83, 1 990, c. 4).

ll. HeononacmuqHa AeKcuKa B dtrcapcxunewx, c9rptana cno&oodpny&ame,tHo c unenama

aa y',uxmamopa u onpege eHuflma sa Hem

1. Xu$rco\crcu. B Hoeoroeopa ce norBl4 @Mo eAHa ynor-pe6a npr,r y',. Memogue8 (e "CnH Ha cBoero BpeMe",'c. 30),cpy.:'Tasu npuHLlunHa xttacoEonapmurtua, napxcucmKo-AeHuHcKaAtlHus, cwemaHa c nxu&xoScxa" zpuxa ga ce noMaea Ha gpyzapu-me, gonycHa u epewKu, ga ce 1upnam 8fi \epnun nbm u gaocmaHam 8 cmpon, cbxpaHu eguucmSomo Ha napmutma u go\e-puemo Ha mpygequme ce $ uen, ue gonycHa noAumuqecKu u co-quauHo- u KoH owuqe cKu cbmpeceHun". l-l o rosa Aarn paH e nbpBaraynorpe6a Ha npunararenHoro xu\xo\cxu e or 1981 r., Koraro6er-ue u3AaAeHa nocoqeHara nojrope KHnra. .^A,yr*aara He e pe-rncrpnpaHa B neKcnKanHilre KaproreKn Ha Vbtcruryra sa 6un-rapcKr4 e3uK, Bb3 ocHoEa Ha KonTo ce noAroTBqT aKaAeMl4qHu-re rbnKoBHn peqHhqh na 6unrapcKng e3nK. flpnnararenxoroxuSrco\cxu e npon3BoAHo HanpaBo or uMero XuBroS, Ho r4MaceMaHrnKa'Koiro e cebp3ilH c To4op Xuexoe, ,A,rarraropa Ha6unrapna'.

962. Or KpnnroroBopa B HopMiIAHara pa3roBopHa peq HaB-

Ae3e n npulararennoro Xu9xo8'xoriro e Ha, npuHaA4exn HaTo4op XuaKoe, !,r,tcaropa Ha 6b raprs...', cpB. ynorpe6r,rre:"Xu$xo&ume qapegSopqu - geua u genuul'(4. .A,er',roxpaqr,rr,6p .183, 1990, c .4 ) .

3. p,yr'nara XuSxo\unu ce notBr4 Karo aHalor Ha cmauu-HtlgbM, mumo\ustu, 6pexueSustu, zop6aao\unm, cpB. B ynorpe-6nre: "8 goKyMeHmume (Ha KoHrpeca Ha EKl-l) HeMa ga cpeqHe-me HuI4o, Koemo ga cStpxeme c xufixoSutua $yna, 6p. 178,1990, c. 4)..A,yr*lara ce cb3AaAe Karo repMuH B KpnnroroBopa.or xpnnroroBopa npeMnHa e ny6nr,rqr,rcrrqHara peq Ha PaAr,ro"Ceo6o4Ha Eepona". Cne4 10 HoeMBpr4 HaBne3e u s naprnn-Hur e3nK xa 6Kfl / 6Cn. KomyxucrnuecKfllrl cAeA roBa coqil-anncruqecKta AnAep u npe3uAeHr Ha-Eunrapr,n flerup Mna4e-HoB ce onnra B eAHo nHTepBto npeA ucnaHcrug BecrHnr "AaBaHryap4ran" 4a p,e{nunpa AyMara (cpa. no KoMeHrap Ha'TpyA", 6p. 67 ,1990, c. 4): "flo-uamambK pa3Ka3\a sa o6paso\a-Huemo cut sa nocmeneHHomo yspn\aue Ha ugesmal ae mpn68aga fuge npeMaxHam "xuhxoSusubm Kamo Sapuaum Ha cmaAu-Hu3Ma" fl. Mna4exoa caMo AoHrlGAe e AoAoBl4A ToqHng nbrrunn,qe$ra nu paHero Ha Heoloru sna xu Bxo\usa,u. [ei'crBurel-Ho/ Karo Bl4A craluHl43bM, )Kr4BKoBr43Mbr rpa6ea Aa ce onpe-Aeû c 6unrapcrnre xapaKrepr4crnKn Ha roBa sBAeHne B nonr,r-rt.lqecKus u o6u4ecreeH xuBor Ha crpaHara xn. 3a cbxaleHueo6aqe t,t B nocleAHhre no BpeMe rpyAoBe Ha pycKara neKclr-rorpaQrar (sx. Hosue cnoBa n 3HaqeHnt. Cloeaps-cnpaBoq-HnK, M., 1973; Hoaue cloBa H 3HaqeHnt. Cnoeapu-cnpaBoq-HUK no Marepnatu\aM npecbr 14 Aureparypu 70-ux ro4oe, M.,1984; Coeercrnr,r eHqilKôneAuqecxnri côBapb, M. 1980) Hq-nna 4eQraHr,rquq Ha cmaAuHwwa xaro Qopr'la Ha Qauuenna. flora3u npuqnHa ryK ce npeA4ara 4eQranraqur, cto6pasexa c Ae-$rauraqranra Ha Sauusnna npn X. Xeae| ((DaLurasl ur, C., 1990,c. 33-39), mu{oro no cbrqecrBo cmatuHusMbrn e KoMyHhcru-qecKlr Bapr4aHr ra Qauusma. Karo Hai-4o6pa ce npreMa Ae-$nxuqraara or aHrnuicrara AeKcnKorpa{nn, cpa. : "|-lonnrmxar4nn npaKr[Ka Ha KoMyH]r3bM, cabp3:lHa cuc Cranux, cbc cne-quanHo npaB[re^crBo }| ynPa8/\eHne qpe3 penpecnBHa nornc-HnqecKa A[Krarypa ]4 Ar4KBl4Aaqnt Ha eBeHry:rnHa t4^n noTeH-

97r{r4alHa ono3}fq}rr (Encyclopedic World Didionary, London,19711. flpoaepxara Ha nocoqeHara AnHmr ra 4eSnxrapaHe Haxu9xoSusua c qacr or ceMaHrnqHoro cbAbpxaHne Ha cmaAu-Husvti, B e3rKoBeAcKara cpeAa xa lzlxcrnryra sa 6unrapcrue3l,rK AaAe c eAHnre Pe3y^rarn:

1) s axxera c npo@noxarurn AeKcrKorpaQr, cpo.:

xuBxo&ucr,i$:

-"flepuo4 or Hcropurra na Surapun, xofrro ce xapaKrepmupa c nolr-

Trrqecr€ KoMyHr4crlrqecKa A[Krarypa, KaTo no^wruqecKaftl B|acI n ynPaB e-

HueTo Ha crpaHaTa € cbcpeAoToqeHu B PbqeTe Ha KoMyHr4crllqecKaE nap-rnr r renepar Htae ceKperap To4op Xraoxoa'(cm- a. c. t\ttun 1<prytno&a);

-Toraar,napeH pex[M Ha nocAeAHHr AuAep Ha 6Kn O. Xr,raxoa), rorlro

ce xapaKrepr4rupa c nar,r-rpy6o noraraane Ha qooeuKl,rTe npaBa M coo6o6u,

nocieAoaarenHo npooexAaH reHoqilA H:l Mr4oreul[re unare (xari-eeue ux-

tennrernwre), MaHhaKaAHo Bb3BeA[qaBaHe Ha uoox4a" u nb/\Ho noAKona€aHeu pa3pyuaBaHe Ha Haq{oHar Hara hKonoMuKa- (n. c. Xp. lTanmeaeeh)i

-l aaprarr: 'Crun na ynpaB,leHr4e na Togop Xuoxoo";-fl oapnarn: "Pexum, eAHo l,ti{Ha &\acr Ha To4op Xr.roroso (u. c. I'unft

ltorcpoBal;-Teopur !r npaKrrKa, )@paKrepHa 3:l BpeMgro, npe3 Koero ynpaBmBa

rpynara rn To6op Xnoxoo, xapaKreprcrpalqa ce c Bonyrrapmbm, aaaHno-ph3bM lr ,\^acoBo u3noA3yBaHe Ha ALxaTa :ra noMbpxar€ u yKpenBaHe Hapex[/vra r|;l AilqHa s^acT" (x. C. Barrernnx 3aHes).

2) s axrsra, npoBeAeHa c esuKoee4n 6unrapr.rcrn (neAeKcxKorpa+yt):

xuSxoSuctu:

-fr,rcrenra Ha pbKosoAcrBo H ynpa&\eHue, cBbp3aHa c onpeAeleHara

Al4rrHocr (T. Xnsxon) n o6mro6erencrryBaqa no46pan 6pora Hexa4rpnnqu"(itopgann 3axapuehl.

-l aapraaw: \Coqna,ten BaAsK lril Baltrpai€ h npecoBalHe ffl qooettlKh Ay-uu, 6urrapcro AuqeH3noHHo npou3aoAcroo no cbcercKt4 MoAeA or 1956 r."

-ll eapr,rarr: "6tp3 aaax, Aerflu.l no HaHaAo Hl4u-le c noopeAeHu cnhpaqKun ^yA MatrrhHl4cf (n. c. y',paauup rlaaqeD

-"['lpaaeu:xa @pr" xa xolrynn3mao (fiopucaaA hopue@.

98Bttxpta ce, qe MaKap u Aa ca cbl4ecrBeHn, HilKot or no-

coqeHure pe$raHnqrara He cBbp3Ba xuSxoBusma w. cmaAuHus-aa. Bpuxara cbc ceMaHrnKara Ha cranilHil3Ma cbu4ecreyBa, Hoe onocpeAcrByBaHa, 3:ru-loTo xr48KoBl43Mbr He e BapuaHT Hacral[Hr43Ma, o Hp Heroeara cMeKqeHa Qopnaa, onpeAellHaKaro HeocmauuHusbM. Cne4oearenHo, roqnara 4e$nHr,r qr,rn Ha)Kr4BKoBl43Ma e 6unrapcKn BapnaHT Ha HeogrannHn3Ma Karo:1) roranurapeH pexuM e Eunrapur, ycraHoseH or ,A.,r,rrraropaTo4op Xlreros u HeroBoro 6nusro o6xpuxexue, xoriro pen-pecnpa r yH'ru4oxaBa ono3ul-ll4rra, rpy6o nora3Ba qoBeurKnrenpaBa n cao6o4u, pa3pyulaBa uKoHoMl,rKara, 4ecra6nln3upaBbHUrHaTa nonuruKa Ha crpaHaTa, cb3AaBa HaquoHa^Ho Han-pe)KeHne I [Mero Ha nocrotHHoro yrBbpxAaBaHe Ha pbKo-BoAHara pom Ha Eunrapcrara KoMyH[cr[qecKa naprilq e o6-u{ecrBoro; 2) nepr,ro4 or mcropyrrra ua 6u,rraprt, cBbp3aH cro3h pexnM (1956-1989 r.)te; 3) crrn Ha ynpaB^eHne Ha ro3r4pexuM I nocoqeHur neproA. EescnopHo, a 6up,eu4e ra3n Ae-Sraxur4rar u-le nonyqt,t cBoero HayqHo pa3Bulrne ta KoHKperm3a-quq, Ho B MoMeHTa e Heo6xo,a,uMa Aa 3anbnHn ceMaHTurrHorocbAbp)KaHhe Ha eAuH BaxeH nonlrn4qecKn repMr4H o 6tnrapc-Kara neKcuKa. flo4o6nr,r repMuHr,r seqe cblqecrByBar B e3uKaHl4, cpe.: mumoBustu, AeHrJHLr3bMt 6pexue\usam, cmihuHu3bM tAp. (sx. Hanp. crarns na l4B. I7a9aoL, B Korro ce roBopr4 3a"n4eoAornuecKure qep6epra ua 6pexueBusna". - Bex 21, 6p.21, c, 1; fopau fome\, [ra,r,tarpoa Mt,t Ka3a Apb)Kre ce rBbpAo.- Ay,raa, 6p. 11 6, 1990, c. 4: "Tumo\usutm I cpeAure Ha cbn-3a Ha torocnaBcKtare KoMyHr4cn4 ce ol{eHgBan Karo "6anraHcrl,rBapuaHT xa 6onrueausnna").

4. XuSrcoBucmru. llupaara ynorpe6a Ha roea npulararen-no 6erue B eMncrr ua Pa4r,ro CoQnn or 20. l. 1990 r., I onpe-,qenenrae Ha MAaAufl Qranoco{ Xp. Crtnonen oB - "xu\xo\ucmxunogxo{. Bnocne4crsue ce noqBuxa MHoxegrao ynorpe6m ra-to: 'xuhxoSucmKu cunu I npo9uuqunma", "xu9Ko$ucmKu Hacm-poeHut 8 Kouumema 3a Jat4uma Ha HaLluoHauHume uHmepec(t" a4no4. flpr,rnararelHoTo xu9rco&ucmr(u e cbc 3HaqeHile: 'xoriro enpncbu{, xaPaKrepeH Ha xuBKoel4cr, Ha xusroBucrh'.

5. Xu\xoBttcm.lAnero ce o6pasysa no aHanorus Ha cma-AtlHucm, mumo&ucm, AeHuHucm/ xpywvo&ucm m noA. 3Ha.{eHue-

99To e: r^'rqe, KoeTo noMbp)Ka ToTaAnTaPHl,r9 pexmM Ha T.Xneror, xnBKoer43Ma'.

6. Xtt9ro9quua.lAneto ce notBr4 B KpunroroBapa. Onpe-Ae^tule oTHoueHneTo Ha HapoAa KbM KaqecrBaTa n npogBl4Teaa xu\xoSucmume n ce cuHoHr4Mr43upaue c onpeAeneHnq Ka-to xu\xo\cxa ge6edat4uua, xu%xoBcxa npocmat4uua, epy6ocm,HemaKmuqHocm, HegognAaHocm. O6pasyeaHnero nMa caonreneKcnKanHu il cnoeoo6pa3yBarenH,r aHano3r4: cmanuHt4uHa/6pexne\quna, xpywvo\uluHa, mumo0quua u loA. l-lo mo,tenau,a xu\xo\uquHa ce o6pasyeaxa u Apyru Heoloru3Mr4 or rMe-Hara Ha r3BecrHu xu\ro\ucmu Karo: npoon\page\uquna :flpoaa| Page| (ara4emux, qAeH Ha ,A,upxaeHr,rn 6eet), nau-maaedsapeButpHa : flaumaned 3ape$ (*l1o aKaAeMnK, qAeH Ha.{upxaanrar cueer), uaaeeBuquua (no urrnero Ha Morbull4t KnaHMaaee\u or BpeMero ua .A,rarcraryparal, 6ate9t4uHa : Aueea 6a-neScxu (npe4ce4aren Ha 5AH) 14 noA.

7. Cru4ecrBnrenHoro xd\xo\eq p,o6n ronrr*a nonymp-Hocr no Mlrrr,rHrure cne4 10. Xl. 1989 r., Koraro ce ynorpe6a-Baue 3a npu6nuxeHure Ha T. Xtaeroe roralLrrapucrn 14 Ho-MeHKAarypHh KaApr,r Ha 6Kl-l B cbqeraH!,rt xaro "[Ieuuo Ky6a-guHcKu - xu0xo&eq u caQapucm"; "6e3 XuBxoB u xu6xo8qu".huero ce o$oprura c ABe 3HaqeHnfl: 1) 'nocnegoearen HaXneroa, roiro ocbu{ecrBqBa npnHqun}rre xa i<[axoor43Ma Bcaotra ,a,eriHocr', Karo aHalor Ha p,o6rrrnre roMMa nony gp-Hocr AeHuHer+ cmauuHeqt eop6auo\eq u noA. n 2)'no4o6ue HaXmexoe,.A,rarraropa Ha Ernrapnl'- aHanor ua mumoBeqt xum-rcpo$eu, vaywecxo\eq n noA. .

B. XuSxoBusdt4un. W ra3m AyMa ce noflBr4 B peqnre n cno-poBere no Mr4rlrHrnre cAeA 10 xoer"repra. OcHoeHure cbqera-Hnn, B Kor4To ce ynorpe6sBaule, 6sxa: xufixo9usaqut Ha nap-murm4 xufixoSunqu Ha ynpa9neuuemo, xuSxofiusaqufl ,no6paso1anuerno n no4.',{yr'rara ce o6pasyea Karo aHanor HacmauuHwaqufl, AeHuHu3aqun, mumoSnautun u noA., cpB. r4nlocr-paqiltra 3a eAHa or re3n AyMt4: "mumo\utaqut Ha lOrocna-B14ttt.

9. B rpranroroBopa yHuu4oxeHara n o6esnnqeHa or xr4e-KoBr43Ma Eunrapcra reneBu3r4t Karo ocHoBHo raHQopmaqt4oH-

100Ho cpeAcr8o Ha 6b^rapcKr4e HaPoA ce Hapuqaule xu^Ko^d3ufl,no eAnH cPaBHnreAHo HoB côBoo6pa3yBareêH MoAeA c aHa-Ao3u Karo Mome4 o6pasyeano or qacnrre Ha aHrnnricxnteAyMw Mamopuc n xomet. KpunroroeopHoro xu$xo$usun 6yx-BaAHo 3Haq['xnsrogncrKa reneBn3nr', 6unrapcKa reneBn3ngp,o 1990 r., cpB. ynorpe6ara: "Kax ce npa\u xuSxoSisuc. TosuSrnpoc 3anoqHa a\ceu nâxo ga ce nocma9s aeg 10.X1.1989 e."(p,eruorpaqun, 6p. 8, 1 990, c. 3)

70. Anmuxu\xo\cxu. [ymara ce notBr4 HenocpeAcrBeHoc/\eA nbpEr4re npoqecu cpeqy naprnraHara ono3nqnr npe31965 r. u ce ynorpe6neaue npeuMyu{ecTBeHo B côBocbqera-Hng Karo.' aumuxu4xo\cru cuau, aumuxu9xo\cKu cpegu, aHmu-xuBxoScxa npoBorca4un n noA. Cnep, 10. Xl. 1990 r. I neqara cenonBl4 caMo nbpBoTo cbqeraHne, cpB.: "llpegu Scuqxo Haqollanaso| ne ga\a omeo$op Ha peg KapguHa^Hu Stnpocu, Sttny&a-t4u ceaa xopama. Hanpuuep mou go Bmprc9aue uu y6exga&a, uegtnzo Speue anmuxuSxoSucmxume cuuu ca ce opeauusupaau".(8. xoanxu, 6p. 163, 1990, c. 4). O6pasygaHuero e aHanort4rt-Ho Ha aHmuxumuepucmKu, aumumumo\cKu, aHmucmauuHcKlJlanmu6pexue&cxu u noA., Kol4ro cbrqo ce norsnxa nbpao IKpunroroaopa. B 6unrapcKara AeKcrKorpa$rar e paspa6oreno3HaqeH u eTo caMo Ha np[AaraTe^H oro aH m uxu mAe pu cm Ku.

,A,eQrlxrqraq: 'rofiro e cBbpxtH c 6op6ara nporl4B !,rama-

ropa T. Xnaxoa, xuBKoBl43Ma n nporr,ta xr4BKoBt4crnret.

11. AnmuxuSxoSucm. Pe4oeen aHroHl4M ua xu9xo$ucm, caH:IAO314 l<aTO aH nUXU mAepUCm, aHmUCmaAU H UCm, aH mU mU mO-$ucm, aumuuapKalcmt axmu6pexne\ucm,r noA. Q6pasyea cenbpBo I KpunroroBopa npt,t o6cronrencrBara, onncaHn e r. B.B ne,{ara ce noeBl4 HenocpeAcrBeHo clreA 10. Xl. 1990 r., cpe.:"Kpaim ua 1964 z. Sewe cu saMuHaA u noaegHutm aMHucmupaHno ayuart 2}-eoguwuuHama om no6egama na,\e\emu cenmenS-pu... A Hue, HeKoAquHama aHmuxuSxoffucmu, ocmaHax 4eEcmpanu om aMHucmutma"$,nalor, '1.V1.1990,

c. 5),A,eQnnnqrar:

'yvacrxur a 6op6ara npon4B f.,rarraropaTo4op Xnaroa, npon4B xr4BKoBr43Ma n xuBKoor4crmre'.

12. Heoxu4xo\ustu. O6pasyuaxr,re, aHaloruqHo Ha Heoc-m auu H usb& H eoxu mAe p Btu, u eoQaw ugb& H eoKoMyH usbM, flog-

101Bu ce nPe3 nbpBara no^oBrHa Ha 1990 r. B npeKa BpBKa cKoHcepBaruBH'rre cunn Ha 6Kn/6Cn. Bce or-qe e rua {on4aHa pa3foBopHara pev. 3anucaHh ynorpe6u: "Kouyuucmumepaspa6om\am xeoxuSrco*u3bMn, "Crcrc\aue c neoxu$xoBusMa",'Xu SxoBustu u xeoxu\xoSunno.

.A,eQn H u qr,rg :'cMeKqeHa {opr*la Ha xHBKoBr4JbM, npaKrn-KyBaHa oT HeoxuBKoBucru'.

13. /exu\xohusau,un.,{ynnara ce o6pasyaa no aHanorneHa gecmauuHwaquL geueHuHwa,.lue, gemumoSusatqun u noA.3anoqxa Aa ce ynorpe6nea B nptKa BpBKa c onurure Ha pa-AuKaAHure cu^h Aa npoMeHar xnBKoBl,rcrKnre crpyKrypil B6Kn/6Cn. 3anncann ynorpe6u : "y',exu$xo\usaL1ut Ha llapmun-ma", u,Qexu\rco\usaqun na 6C[7', 'l4sta*tua gexu\xoSusat4unu unoA., cpB. n ynorpe6ara Ha AernroBr4:[u4r4l npn M. ,\xunac :\emumoSunqusma e pa3nuqHa I pasauunume peny6auxu" @y-ma, 6p. 16, 1990, c.4).

14. HeoxuSrcoA&cm. O6paryeax,re, aHanoruqHo Ha Heoc-mtnuHucm, HeoxumAepucm, HeoAeHuHucm, ueomumo&ucm nno4.,{yrrnara ce cBAaAe ore410. Xl. 1990 r. u ce csbp3a c pa-AuKaltare a 6Cn, Kol4To no cbu{ecrBo He cKbcaxa c )KrlBKoBr43-Ma, a ce crpeMtxa Aa ro nn6epaar,rsnpar n paAr4Kanr3upar,cpe. ynorpe6ara: 'focnoga noxuSxducmu, o68uun8au Bu, uenopagu xe$execmSo, cmpax, canoSap6euocm u Aunca Ha gbp-socm Stpnaxme ucmopuqecKut npoqec Hasag u nmopMosuxmenpoepeca ua Eazapun (Sunrapcxn raac,6p. 11, 1990 r., c.5).

15. TamoSilsura. ,A,y,r,rara ce cabp3a B KpnnroroBopa ctccr4nHo pa3Buroro ncennefiHon rryacrBo xa ,A,nmaropa Hati-eeueB Onnra My Aa n3AHrHe no BbpxoBeTe Ha Bnacrra nocpeAcrBe-Hmre cr getp Anguuta n Bnaguuup. O6patyBaHa or Tamo, eg-Ho or KpnnroHlrMHnre ,qo6aruqHn uMeHa ra p,nrraropa, e3HaqeHne '6ar4a Ha Hai-saxHure Aeqa e Sunrapun'

.A,efnnraqran: 'uyacrno ea cel ericrseHocr xa ,A,nrraropa',

cpB. ynorpe6ara, ranucaHa npe3 1987 r.: 'Tamo cmpaga ca^'toom egHa 6otecm - mamoSusria.u.

1 6. l,t g o 8ilto;rt..A,yrrnara Bb3Hr4 KHa Karo ycnopeA Ha Ha m a-mo$usblu norpari 6upsoro t,t3A]4raHe na 6ercrpyny Hl4r r,lcrupinx c rbMHr4 cAeAKn, a$epra u aBaHnopu 3er Ha.A,ltrraro-

r02p, LlSan C-na$xo4, n3BecreH c MHo)Kecrao nt.tKaHrHr4 MoMeHrilor 6norpaSuflra cu. Bnocne4crene ilMero ce cBbp3:r ceMaH-n4rrHo c rplrxltre Ha T. XlrsxoB Karo AqAo 3a ocraHaanre 6esr"rarira Aeqa Ha Arc4nnr,rna Xmaxooa - Ekeuus,n Togop, cpe.ynorpe6ara: ul4rve onacHocm xepm\ama na Tenuga (L18. CaaS-xo| - 6en. T.6.), gngoAus*a u MexgyHapogHomo aHmuoûM-nurtcxo ghuxeuue ga 6rye aogeicxu yga&ena I yucxu" (168 qa-ca,6p. 20,1990, c.14).

,A,eQuHrnqnt: 'gsneHne a 6urapcr[q nonnruqecKu xr4-

BOr, nph Koero no BbpxoBeTe Ha B acrra ce HacraHgBaT npnE-ner{eH}t s cel eficrBara Ha KoMyHncrtrqecKara BbprytxKa3erboBe'.

17. Towitcm. ,A.,yrrnara ce o6paryaa B KpunroroBopa KaroonpeAeêHne 3a BceKn eAuH or o6rpuxexnero Ha T. Xraexoe.ilossn ce n Ha eAnH Ao3yHr no BpeMe Ha MnrnHrnre or xpariHa 1989 r. noA eAHa KaperKarypa na il. Ky6ap,r,lrcxra c HaAnncTowucm u caQapucm". O6pasyeaHnero e or Ar4rrHoro ume Io-wo/6au Towo, c Koero HapoAbr Hapn'{aue ,A,rarraropa no Bpe-Me Ha nah-ruplara AlrKrarypa.

[eSr,ttaqran: 'napeeuo or 6nnsroro o6rpuxHrae xa 6un-

rapcKuq,A,urrarop To4op Xusros'.

18. TogopxuSrco&etq. BapnaHr na xuSxoBeq (ax. r. 7) c no-coqeHilre Beqe 3HaqeHnr, cpa. ynorpe6ara. "KaKmo ce wpa3uyqacmHuK I naeny,ua na I-lK na 6Kfl om 16 xoeu6pu, "u3xogtm enpoMcHama Ha cucmeMamao. Cucmemama Moxe ga pogu HeeguH, a g&a, mpu, nem u cmo molropxuSxoStqu. l4txogrm e Ipe$opuupaHemo Ha cucmehtamalP.,A,eno, 6p. 16, 1989, c. 4).

19. Xuposumaubm e sbBeAeH e ynorpe6a Karo AeKapcrBo.l-lper 1989 r. B npecara ce BA[rHa roAflM uJyM oKono Hero.Craxa n3BecrHo, qe eAnH or cbasropl4Te npn orKplrr'rBaHeroHa xupnumaaa e T. Xnaroe, Kofilo Aa nAerra 3a HanpaearaHa AeKapcrBoro oT po3o8o Malcô, u3noA3y8aHo c Aeqe6Hl4 qe-An B HeR)Boro cennencrao. Cuaeropure Sapnnaqerru peunnu

Aa BbBeAar vper a6peerarypa (crxparqeHrae) s nA ero Ha Ae-KapcrBoro farrnunnnra Ha p,nrcraropa ta raKa no fapnnaqeerra-vex a6pear,rarypgH nbr AA s o6escmuprffr. l4mero e npon3Be-

AeHo no aHanornn Ha oHo^âra (r,rnnero) 3a HrKorauHrar Qpex-

103cKr4 KpeM xepo\umat or KoMnoHeHrure xrr- (XuBxoA, po3-x-or p$a n -TilA ot Sumaauc llwtt. vitalis'xn3Hen'). Eyraannoro3HaqeHue e'xueKoocKa po3oBa xu3HeHa cula'.

2O. Togapunfrper. ,A,e{opMrpaHa Aym, cbrBopeHa 3aKoMuqeH eQerr or AnrrHoro nMe Ha ,A,rarraropa B KoHTaMlrHa-r{r4t c momauumaper. B xoxrperHufl o\frali npumrarenHorooqeHflBa cbu{Hocrra na 6unrapcxr4e ynpaBHuK or nep[oAa Haroralurapn3Ma, cpB. n npr f. y',pyne9, Pasrpax4ane no KoM-coMoncKr4 ($,ennoxpaqun 6p. 41, 1990, c. 3): "mogapumapHuupahu".

21. Or onpeAeleHu ero mupaHuH, c Koero 6euje ueeecrex.A,rarraroprr, B Kp[nroroeopa ce o6pasyea Apyra 4eSopnnr,rpa-Ha AyMa B KoHraMrHaqilt c gunosa\rp, cpB. crnxorBopeHnerona l4Bas KonapoB (Anr. $porr,6p, 5, 1990, c. B):

Xunorega 3a rnpaHo3aBbpa

He sxac KaK ce nonBrsar H porBarAr,rHo3aBpHTe,

(oco5exo c KopoHlrre u naapr,r're).3arylr qe ce onrraM Aa rccneF9aM

xrnqreruqHo(xo nomuxo!)

eAr4t{ oT Hah-runuqHrre }rM eK3eMnnf,p}r,xnBnn oT IeAeHaTa Me3o3or4cKa epa,

ra Ao Bqepa...

flo ebHurex o6pas rori nanogo6ReaceraueH Xouo canuerrc, ana ce pa3nnqaBaIlo qf,n peA reHeruqecK[ qeprn:pbqeTe Kbc}l, 3nHana ycTaTa, rono TeMeTo,Ho Kpaqn nonyrbp6aB t,t Bbprlr, BbpnrOnaUIKa npeA ECeCWlHl'rre Ha BpeMerO,3a fla eKcnnoarlrpa cna6rre Bneq!fiun Aa repopl€lrpa Bct|qKx Apyrn.Hari-gncur or xuulHlrqrre B cBon poA(cneg cnnnogorcyc, Tprrqeperonc, crerosaaup),

rou e ce6nqex.TltpaHnqeH,

104l|o 6e3nnqeH.

flourra ro 6escneAno xcrcpnqecxufir xoA,3au{oTo nrncaa B qepena i,!y KapArrHa,lHara qepra:

M v t c b n T a(n cuaecrra!)

Taxa, npr pcitKa KnuuailqecKa npourHa -

TeMneparypa HoxexeHaetp4y 3eurra lnftfipexa -

u3qe3BaT AnHo3aBptre OT TO3tl CBf,T.h xe ocrasa Hlr eAltH Karo r4y3eeH 3aBpb3,

Karo apxeononrqeH eKcnoHaT.Ocraxa cauo [fuero -

T l r p a H o 3 a E b p .

Tara vpea ra3u acropcxa a,reraQopa (mupanosaSap) ce 4a-Ba TOqHa XapaKrephcruKa 3a perpecilBHara po^' Ha ,a,nrraro-pa e 6unrapcKara ncrop[r.

22. B 6rnrapcKara AeKcnKa,rHa cucreMa uMa caMo eAtaHoMoHr4M, KOI{TO e CBbP3aH C [MeHara n OnpeAe^eHntra Ha

.A,rarraropa. Tosa e npa$ewrcu a ynorpe6n xa-ro npaSewxa gtpxaBa, npa\ewxa ucmuHa, npa$etuxa npaSga,npa\ewxa cnpa$egnuEocm n noA., Kor4ro ce nogBuxa B Kplrnro:roBopa HenocpeAcrBeHo cneA Bb3xoAa xa ,A,nrraropa. Cne410 roennepm HaBlt3oxa H I nncMeHara petr, cpa.i "Kbge e oHa-su omnpa$ua moqKa, Kogmo 6u nu nosBoauAa ga pas6epeu saqoHaMecmo 8 npa\oBa Hue ce npehtpnaxne I np&euxa grpxaSa,3aqo y Hac cmaHa Swnoxeu HeocmaAuHu3Mbm, Jaulo guKmamy-pama Ha egun uo\ex nogMeHu napmuema u gtpxa\ama" (Tpy,o,o-Bo AeAo, 6p. 1, 1990, c. 1). B noco.{eHnre ynorpe6u npn^ara-TeAHoro npa\ewxu e oMoHr4MHo (e,qnareo no Qopr',ra, Ho Ha-nbnHo pa3nilr{Ho no 3HaqeHne) or gpyroro npt,tnarareh+o npa-Bewxu, pea^Ho ynorpe6aaaHo B KoHcrpyKqr4n xaro lTpa\ewxunpoAoM, npaSewxu xumel.L flpa\ewra AaxaSuqa, lTpa$ewruMaHacmup 14 noA. B rern cnyqan npnnarare^H oto npaBewxu eo6pasyaaHo Hanpaao or reorpa{cKoro nMe l1pa6eq. OmoHn-t*r npa\ewru o6aqe e ynorpe6a raro npa\eutxa gtpxa\a ca-Mo eruMonornqecKil ce cBbp3Ba c ocHoBara tlpaBeq. ilo cu-u{ecrBo rorl e npon3aoAeH trpe3 AeKoMno3nqnt n r. Hap.

105Aeopa3eoôrn:xrl{uq or AeKcnKa^l43]rpaHnre onpeAeêHuq Hap,rarcraropa raro C\emu Togop [lpa\ewxu, [lpa\ewxun queaHUH,flpa\ewxun won, IlpaSewxun npoSecop, Ilpa\ewKue npucm,flpa\ewxun fiuxmamop, lTpaBewxun Augpewrco H noA. (ax. S24), ronro nMar caMo eAilH O4HoHl4M B oHoMacruqeH nAaH -uMeHHo nuqHoro n {amunHoro MMe Togop XuSxoB. C.re,a,oaa-TeAHo, AoKaro u3KoHHlrqr oMoHr4M npa\etuxu o3HaqaBa 'xoriro

e cBbp3[lH cbc r4nr4 ce orHacs Ao ceno (noc're rpa4) ilpaeeq',To Bf,opl4flT oMoHl4M o3HaqaBa'xoriro e cBbp3arH r4lr ce orHactp,o,A,n rraropa To4op Xn sros : ToAopxr4 BKoBcKr4, xu BroecKlr'

Tasu .racr Ha rpyAa nop,po6Ho [3qepnoa AeKcuKara,cebpmHa c .A,u rcraropa. Oqarsax Hefi nara coAr4AHa n Hrepnpe-raq[t B eAHa KH],rra, u3m3na HeorAaBHa (A. ilopgauo8a, EsururHa npoMtHara, C., 1993). Tam o6aqe e3uKooara Qarronorurs ehHrepnpernPaHa no Apyr/ He3aAoBoMBau4 nilHrBncra HaqilH.

s 28. C I4ME-I4AOAB rosu naparpaQ ce npeAcraBe ynorpe6ara xa umero To-

4op Xraeroe e 6unrapcKara AeKcrKorpaQraa, e nrru-1Hara 6rn-rapcKa cnoBecHocr, B KpnnroroBopa, Ao3yHrure n noA.

l. Aexcuxozpaficxume npeqegenmu c uneHamaHa AuKmamopa

1. KannranHoro Aeno Ha 6rnrapcKara AeKclKorpaQrar eaKaAeMn''rnl,tqr "PeqxtiK Ha 6tnrapcrng e3nK", or rotiro Ao Mo-MeHra ca u3ne3ln B ronna (o,,o 6yraa A). Pevxrarur e 3aMncAeHKaro rpe3op Ha 6urapcxara neKcuKa n no 3HaqeHnerpr6earue Aa ce onpeAeu Karo u3aecrHnre [cnaHcKr4, 0p""-cKu, axrnufrcKu aKaAeMuqecKt4 peqHerqr4. Oqe no BpeMeroHa nbpBmre o6cux4aHraq Ha peqHnKoat,rre cran4t4 o6a\e l48auKoueL, no-KbcHo 14 Ar4Krarop, 1,r qeH3op xa J4xcr[ryra sa6unrapcru esnr, sa6enn3:r, qe B rltclcrparuBHug Marepuan 3apeqHrKa HflMa u3pe'{eH}19, }t3BêqeHn or rpyAoseTe Ha 'hpy-

rapn To4op Xr4BKoB". Be4xara no4 Sopnnara xa !.'oxaa4Ha 3:l'nncKan KbM eAuH or Hari-6nu3Knre I o6rpuxexnero xa ,A.,rar-Taropa - aKaAeM'rK AHren Saaeecrn, 3aMnHa AoHocbr 3a ro31,l

106ncrpau.ren u rn6enen nponycK a 6urrapcrara AeKcnKorpaSug'.AxAAeannrur pas6r,rpaure or Bcr4qKo Apyro, Ho He la or [Hxe-HepcrBoro, c Koero rpn6eaLue Aa clt BaAn xns6a. Cnep, nony-

'qaeaHero Ha AoHoca roi craxa "eo4euq 6unrapcrn AeKcuKor-pa$" u BeAHara n3nparn o6pana 3anoaeA: roturoeire He Mo-)Kexa Aa u3lt,t3ar 6es eKAtovBaHeTo Ha ]4Mero Ha T. Xmsros.3anoqHa eAHo pa3raKaBaHe: Kyn[xa ce KHnrnre xa T. Xras-KoB, :janoqHa eKcqepnnpa.xe, sa6aeaHe Ha neqara n B KpaeHpe3y rar.{rarcraropur rBopeq BAe3e B AeKcnKaAHug rpe3op Ha6urapcrrar e3nK,... 3au4oro HeorMeHeH npuHqlrn Ha rBop-qecK}|g KoneKryrB e 3:l r4^rccrpaqfir Ha AyMure B peqHmKa Aace B3eMaT nphMepn or nan-4o6pr4re raopqu na 6unrapcxorocnoeo - raKa To4op Xuexoe no neKcuKorpa$cxra nbr nonaA-Ha, He3aBncr4Mo oT Kp'rrnKara, cpe,q Harl-4o6prare 6urapcxun[care^u; cpB. napaAoKcnre - e r. 1 Ha PeqHnx xa 6unrapc-rnR esnr,(C., 1977, c. 47-137 ca 4a4eHu "Wteopu, or Kor,tro en3BneqeH r4ntocrparnBHngr Marepnat, n cbKpau{eHntra 14M".Cpe4 rerra n3Bopl4 c Hail-r'lHoro KHt,trn ca npeAcraBeHu raKuBaH3flBeH[ 6rnrapcxra nucarenr xato EaucaSema iaepnna c 9KHnru, I4nus 6nrcxo| c 15,lzleax EoropoB - c I , Xp. 6oree -c B ns4axraq, I Kor4ro ce cpeu{ar HeroB}t rraarepuanu, l4aaHBaaoa - c 58 ne'{arHn KHuru', ra... T. Xrsrog c Herogt4te "Ws6-paHlr cbqnHeHnflrr, Kor4ro roraBa 6qxa crurHant4 Ao r. Vlll. (cpa.T. XuAxoS, tAs1pann cbq'lHeHnt, C., 1971, r. l-Vlll; ax. n c.{75 xa nocoqeHnq pevHrar). 3a 4a He cr cBAaAe o6aqe qnra-Tenir BneqarleH,re, qe AeKcuKorpaQr,rre no BpeMe Ha AlrKrary-para ca 6nnn cnoco6mn na HtKaKbB 6yxr n ca npeycraHoBl4lneKcqepnllnnra Ha Marepua^a or rpyAooere Ha ,A,rarraropa cro,ra Vlll, rpq6Ba 3a nlncrpaqus Aa ce npuBeAe ",A,onunHe-HUeTO KbM er38op14Te, OT KO]4TO e [3BAeqeH UAloCTpaT1,|BH]49T

Marepnal; n cbKpal4eHnsra uMn, BbBeAeHo e Peqxnr Ha 6rn-rapcKlrt e3n& r. l l l , C., 1981, c.7-36. Tam Ha c. 13-14 eAeK/\apt4PaHo, r{e ca lf3KyneHH n rpyAoseTe Ha {r,rrraropa or

. cneAoau{}fre u3AaHnt (T. Xu$rcoL, hs6panr,r cuvuHenut, C.,1975,"r.l-lx, C., 1976 r., r. X-XXlll). B pasnnvHnre roMoBe Ka-ro l4^locrpaqHfl Ha pa3 nqHu AyMH 3aAb^xnre^Ho 3anoqBaxaAa ce BKAoqBar u3peqeHht, B3erlr or rpyAoBere Ha p,r,trraro-pa.

107

B cuqoro BpeMe HaA AeKcrKorpaQrare rerHeure ra6paxa-ra Aa ce ynorpe6rsar KaKBnro u Aa e nprMepu or rBopqecr-Boro Ha Aaleq no-uHTen'rreHTHr,tt npeAXoAHr4K na p,nrraropa- Bttxo 9ep$euxoS. n6aqoaxrenoecxoron Haculne HaA AeKclf-rorpaQr,rre, rarro 6eue n3BecrHa B AeKcuKorpa{crara cpeAaHaMecara Ha aKaAeMr,rr Axren Sarreacxn, Hapnr.taH or.A,nma-Topa "Eavo AHreAn, eABa cAeA roAnHn craHa n3BecrHo xa 6t r-rapcKara o6u4ecreenocT rrpel eAHo r,rHrepBn Ha AeKc,rKorpa-

Qnre Auaun KpyuoSan Mapun.4opoaeeSaws a. nflarpuorn. -Aercuxorpa$cxara cr46a Ha ta3rorlHxre AuKraropr4 o6a.re

HaBcqKbAe e eAHaKBa: pycKara nexcrarorpa$$t sbBeAe Karo'r3BOp14 :Ll eKcqepnqug Ha pycKa neKcilKa HaPaBHo c rpyAoBe-re Ha flyruxun u Torrcrofi u nucaxntra Ha 14. 8. Cmanur (cpo.Cnoeapu coBpeMeHHoro pyccKoro Ahreparypnoro s3ura, M.,1950, c. XXXVI); Peqxnr Ha cbBpeMeHxnq 6br\rapcKlt KHl4xo-BeH e3nK, r. 1, C., 1954 suee4e npuMepr or rBopqecrBoro HaBmro t{epaenxoa. C na4anero Ha A}rKrarypnre 3anoqHa u u3-qucrBaHero Ha nP[Mep[Te orTtxHoro TBopqecr8o B AeKcuKor-paQcrr,rre rpyAoBe. CraanH u t-lepeeHxoB r43qe3H.xa or crpa-Hlrqnre Ha rblKooHure peqHuqu. Cuqara ct46a cnonert u"roleMng TBopeLl Ha 6turrapcKoro cnoBon T. Xueroe. flpes1990 r. :!:lnoqHa Aa 'r3 r43a Ha KopeKTypa r. 6 ra Pe.rHuxa Ha6unrapcrun eilx. Bcnqxu 6gxne 3aA,b xeH[ Aa npeffixBaMeHa nbpea, rropd, rpera KopeKrypa npnMepure, ono4nucaxu cilMero T. Xtaaroe". OrrcuAe 4ori4e ra3n 3anoBeAv TaKa ],r He cepa36pa. Ho xarro npn BcnqKr4 Apyrlr 3anoBeAn no orHoueil4eHa qeH3ypara a 6tvrrapcrara neKcuKorpaSur r,r B KoHKperHuecnyrari Herixnqr nbr BoAeuJe KbM 4K ua 6KR, noore rcunnBncuur creer Ha ECn.

2. An6u*n lilopgauo&a, asrop Ha KHuxKara nHoeure 4yrrnn

B.cbBpeMeHnrar 6unrapcKn e3nK" (C., 1980), 3anoqHa cBotraKapuepa Karo aeroarorpaQra. ,{una roA}rHl4 pa6oreueBbpxy csoli PeqHHK Ha HoBnre AyMl4 B 6unrapcrun erur. flpe-Ar4 HflKoAKo roAt,rHlr o6cu44axrtne 3a ne'{ar ro3n peqHux. Ae-ropKara My Karo "Hoea 4yma" a 6rnrapcKut e3nK 6erue sbae-na... 3:rrnaBxara Togop XuBxoS'. Tn 6eure HanbAHo cnrypHa,qe uMero xa rA,nrraropa rqe i oraopra nbrq KbM aKaAeMuqHaraneqarHlrqa, roraBa. cblqo noA nplKoro pbKoeoAcreo xa To-

108

Aop-XnBKoBl4t n6aqo Axren". AexcuxorpaQrare eusponraxa.

Aopn ce HaMepu eAt,rH, xofiro ce m3Ka3a orpr4qarenHo 3a ro3l4napBeHrcuKn crnn xa pa6ora. [21 crpanno... nocne 3a ro3t4AeKcuKorpaQ He ce r{y Aa ct,t e ltM:ll pa6ora c nafi-aepHurecn)oxurenn Ha .A,n rraropa or H e6e3u3aecrH oro Vl -ro ynpaene-Hne Ha .A,upxaena curypHocr.

3. flpe4ra roAnHn e 6yreapa Ha nbpBonaqnre HapeA c6urapcrara as6yxa croeure n [Mero xa p,urraropa noA eAHaHeroBa qBerHa QororpaQuq. Bcrqro 6eu:e o6mncneHo or6unrapcrnre neAaro3n 4a 6u4e B cncreMa, cncreMHo. Ar6yra-Ta 3anoqBaue c uruocrpaqtag Ha ]4Mero ua To4op XuBKoa, eKoero c€ MbApgT qelu oceM 6yrera or Hes (r, o, A, pt xt A, 81x). flo4pasHeHn or nbpBeHcrBoro Ha nAetra, cbcrasr4renureHa yve6xr,r noMarana sa crreAnar{ilre KAacoBe il3Ml4cnnxae4ux oFlpaaonuceH n npaBoroBopeH peqHnK ll-lll xnac" (aa-rop To4opra Bna4r,rmrapoea). SunrapcKure rMKoBHn peqH nqnBbBe{AarGlMo HeoHoMacrrqxa neKcnKa (raan, Kotro no rpa-Ar4qlre ce nnure c ,ua^Kh 6yrau). B cnpraa [3HeHaAaHntr qt4-rarel HaMlrpa a ar6yrxnr peA o\eA AyMlrre xuL, xu6en c qel"orxpnaaxero Ha cpoAHr,r AyMn :r:rr aBKure: XuBxoB, Togop uXu6xo&a, Angnuaa.3a xannyQaax c::l BbBeAeHu er nMeHa Karofeopzu y',uuumpoL, OpnoS Mocm n no5.

flpe4noaaraM, qe u ro3ta peqHrK He e Moxen Aa n3le3eor neqar 6es sueex4aHeTo Ha re3n nsaxHu" 3a ucroputTa Ha6unrapcrara AeKcnKorpa{nn 4yrnu, 6eg sHa.{eHne Ha roBa, qeca co6creeHu nMeHato. 14 ctecel ocHoBarenlro a. Ilync (6p.10, 1990) n3le3e crc crarrtra xa P. Huxorro\a"He Bm npeno-pbqBaMe ra3n xHnran

4. flpes 1974 r. u3ne3e or neqar KparKa "Euqrxirone,o,nnA-fln Ha Ernrapcxara aKaAeM,rt Ha HayKilre. Kunrara o6a.reocraHa narxntoqeHa B KHnxapHnqara Ha 6AH r,r ce npoAaBauecaMo Ha HayqHil pa6ornrqn or aKaAeM[rra, cpeqynpeAcTaBtHero Ha nacnopr c neqar:n Mecropa6ora. 3a6pa-Hara 3a npo4ax6ara Ha KH[rara 3a ocTaHalnre npocrocMbpr-Hlr ce o6ycrraanrue or eAHa rexHuqecKa rpeuKa. Ha crp. 283peAaKropbr cu 6erue pa3peuln^ Aa He ce cuo6parn n Aa noc-raBlr noprpera xa T. Xneros B cbBceM cbu{nq {opnnar raronoptrPera Ha APyn t 5xuucoaeqn - XuSxo Xu$xo,, npl,l roBa

109HenocpeAcrBeHo Ao Hero. Hnr4o, cBbp3aHo c A,nrcraropa, HeMoxeue p,a 6r4e c MaAKa 6yx8a e npeKut H B npeHocHr4ccMr4ch/\ Ha ToBa c^oBocbqeraHne. L

OcrpoyrtlHo rbAKyBaHe Ha roBa gBneHue or BpeMero HaAuKrarypara 4aea Qunoco|w luuumap 3awe| B crarhqra cn"l-lurenoKa3arenn Ha3aA" (Kynrypa, 6p. 39, 1990, c. 3), cpa.:"fuzaHmcxume 6yx8u. flpu cot4uaausra, B xodmo xu$nxne, c\e-mbm Ha uMeHama nponBnSa meHgeHquema ga ce o6oco6u I ca-Mocmormeten, xodmo sacmpawa&a ga ce paspacHe go HeuMo-Sepnocm u ga no?uHe peaAHue. focnogcmSo ua ao&ecmnocmmanag b6pasuocmma, gecewaHmwatlut Ha aoSomo: mpn68a ga cunpegcma&um eg*a nu ue 6yx\u ne6ocmrpeaqq usgueHamu Hagcx yneHume ePagu Ha pea^Hocmma, 3a ga oHa eguM ma3u no-pegHa, eMoteMamuqHa 3a coupaAucmuqecKama Hu geAHuqHocmfirrypa - zueaHmwtu na 6yx&exocmma. Kamo uertuo cKpumo uno npaSuao HenogAexaulo Ha mevnmwau,un onpo\epxenue e cb-ntmcmSySa o6egnn6aue na Qonga Ha HaquoHauHama Hu Ky mypaomKuvt cemuSxo-rcoHKpemHa o6panocm. Hpxno Au e ga cu cnoM-nsue lTaamoxo$un num n neu4epama. l4gotume-uMeHa HecKoH-uaeno ymSrpxga*am nowama cu 1esrcpadHocm: \ynu; gfMu, gy-uu...' CpegcmSama a aaco&a KonyHuKaque oomSemuo goym-hpxgaSam masu pe.tumamu$nocm, npe$pu4am ce I eueanmcxa^4awuHa n npeo1parySaHe Ha eMnupuqHama gedcm&umenuocm InunoSogen nomeK om uueHa-ugotru".

K.4arcpo| (Broprarr erax, c. 61) paaxaaea 3HaMeHareAeHcnyvai c He3ar{nraHe Ha eAnHcrBeHoro nMe-nAoA a 6tnrapc-Kara oHoMacrnKa, cpa.: 'ltluawe u HenoKopnu. Hanpuuep npeguapm 1989 e. npegcegame^sm ua npoQaasume flemtp [anze-po9 npegcma\u gortag, I xortmo ce o6ocxoSa\awe xeo6xogu-Mocmma om uesa\ucu*tu npoQcwsu. Ha 21 anput gbpxa peq noayua| eoguwHuHama na Aenuu, ua nrpSu uart nosgpahu mpyge-t4ume ce c npalHurca. Ll na gSeme Mecma'sa6pa\u' ga cnoMeHeampu6ymume - 'AuHunma' u'nfriemou. Segxaea 6e name&emenam cSoi npomu$nux. T. XuBxoS ce pacbpgq HeKo^Ko gywu no-gexa pa3npaSusma u ny6tuuuo peazupaxa no ueeo| agpec. !,nreepo6 6e usotupau u saKAeiuen. Cauo mo\a, ue ce pae1ontmexKoio cnacu om cHeMaHe u npuon&aue om Scu,axu nocmoSeu.

110

ll. Unemo-ugo u goda0uunume uneHa KbM HezoB uzn4nama ftrcapcxa cto&ecnocm, B xpunmomBopa,. fioaKiopa, noiyneume u nog.

B rosn naparpaQ HqMaM 3al qel Aa onucBaM qqnara oHa-3l4 nou^a AnTeparypa, 8b8e^a ]4 Bb3BeA]4qUAa nMeTo-r4Aon HaAnKraropa, Hnro nbK qtlara peaKqug cpeu{y roaa rBneHne BKpnnroroBopa, aHe(Aor[re, Ao3yHrure u nop,. Dpocro He Mo-xe eA'rH rarua ,A,urcrarop Aa e cnoMeHar B aMepilKaHcKr4cnpaBoqHuK "Kori rarug e no caeTa" 14 Aa He 6u4e npe4craaenor cBoq 6r,rorpa$ e3uKoBeA lr Karo BDKHo nMe B 6rnrapcxaracloBecHocr. Vnorpe6rare noqrn HrMa Aa KoMeHT[paM. Te ca-Mn roBoprr sa ce6e cn:

1. B ro4raxlrre 1960-1965 rrao,o,eH 6eue rywcrw (anen.twist), cb3AaAeH no eneMeHru Ha HerbpcKa My3uKa, poKeHA-pon 14 6yru-6yrw. Xrsroeucrure npecleABaxa ro3n nonym-peH TaHq. B runa4exrr,rn fonxnop BeAHara cb cur,a,a4e neceH,KOtrO CBbp3EaUe raHqyBaHero Ha rymcr c onacHocrranoqnTaTennTe My Aa nonaAHaT B 3AoBeu{UTe/ cTaHaAn n )'KnB-KoBcKr4, Aarepu Ha cMbprra e Senexe (l-lepcrau u Marapeqa),cp8. r4HrepecyEaqara Hn tracr or neceHra:

,A,xuncn, Axilncu 6e,rene...Totuo t<ouynucma

' sa6panra ryrcra...

2.'Togopet gbpmo Maeape" e crapa 6urapcxa ryMopt4c-TnqHa necen c o6u-lonsBecreH TeKcr. Or Heq ce AeKoMno3upan eAHouMeHHoro $onrnopxo npo3Br4u{e Ha !,r,rrraropa.

3. l-lo acoqhaqufl c ra3ta neceH 6e cus4a4ena noroBopKa,Kogro ce csbp3Baue c r{ecrnre noget4 Ha T. XraeroB no rele-Br43r4tra. Toraea 6unrapnre c qyocrBo s:t ryMop, aKo ce clyr{-Baxa ou{e ABaMa To,4opoar4r.t Aa r eAar reneou3t4g, Ka3Baxa:"Ct6epam Au ce mpuwa Togopo\qu,npa9m egno MbxKo naeapen.

4. B 6urapcKara 3ooHr4Mr4r nMero Towxo 3anoqHa Aa 03-HaqaBa B AoMauHa cpeAa npeAnMHo Marapera. PasragBaxaMH 3ral ral<le co6crBeHnK ua Towxo, roriro u3nural gypoBocrrana To4op-X[BKoBcK[q 3aKoH".

1 1 1

5. Ha aKrbopa Togop KoaeS ce npnnucaa rpranarara Spa-ra: nTpr,rnna Touroequ (To4opoeqra) pascr"rueame 6unrapru".lzlnnar ce npeABuA KoMr4r-lnre Togop KoaQ!, Togop Kosapo9 n"6auronanrur" Togop XuBroB.

6. E4ran AeH npe3 1989 r. CoQrar ocbMHa pa3rpeBoxeHaoT c^yxa: cm^ure Ha cnrypHocrra crPeA9An no n3B€crHl,t9 co.Qraricxra {ororpa$ Cu*rox Bapcauo, roliro 6nn nsnncal &DK-Hre 3a npo6pr44aHero Ha 6rnrapcrnn HapoA or Abnn4r cbH' BbB BpeMero Ha AuKrarypara Ao3yHr: 'Aony Top,op Xrsxos!".flpr,r4eopxrrr 6raorpaQ Ha rA,nrraropa onucBa rosn cnyvafi ra-ra: "flpn6uparirr,r ce KbcHo npe3 Hoqra,. xa OpnoB Mocr,6nnro Ao yA. "Cseroclas Teprep", qyx u3crpenn ra pas6pax, ueca paHhnr4 qoaeK. flpra6pax ce u no3BbHnx e Cne4crBeHo yn-paoleHue, orKbAero Mn Ka3axa, qe e paHeH npu onnr4a 6r4eCnpgH u 3aAbpXaH qOBeK, rcottrO l43nuCBaA AO3yHr[ nO CIeHn-re. B rosLr parloH no roBa BpeMe ca ce norBqaanr{ ta ApyrelraKnBa nop,o6Hn nporecrHu uap,nucn" lK. VarcpoL, Bropuarerax, c. 93).

. 7. B crarlrrra "As 6gx BuHoBeH, a Apyrnre 3aqo nocrpa-.a,axa" (e. "6bnrapufl", 6p. 19, 1990,,c. 'l 4) cronnqHilgr )frypHa-nucr Cmauxo Sopuco| onmcBa c,reAHlte cnyvari or 1969 r.: rorle ceAHa a Cryp,eHrcroro raQeHe Ha nnoqaA "Hapo4xo cu6-paHnerr B KoMnaHnr c eAlrH r43oecreH xnBKoBr4cr - heaFt A6a-AxileB, roraoa KaHAilAar-qAeH Ha l-lonvrr6ropo il nbpBn cexp'e-rap Ha OxpuxHuR KoMl,trer Ha 6Kil ere Bpaqa. "CnornHrnn cn- nnue Cr. 6opr,rcoB, - qe B MaAKara 3ana qapeue BeApoHacrpoeHue. He eHala Beqe Kog qaula Abpxax B pbqere cn,Koraro n3peKox Ha 6ucor rnac snoro6riur nosyHr: "Cutpm uaTogop XuBxoB, ga xu$ee l48au A6agxueS!". Tuwuua nprn4cHa3alara. Bcuqru 6qxa ce BKaMeHunil. l-lpre ce oronurn ylsaHA6a4xr,ree: "CmaHKo, rcax\a enynocm uspeue?"Ton ce noBAnrHa,HaKnoHu ce KbM MeHe n Mlr yAapn nnecHtaqa. Herosara nnec-Huqa BcbulHocr 6eure c'bBceM AeKa, no-cKopo cr4MBonnr{Ha.fonqllara nlecHuqa a3 caM Beqe ct4 6qx galuneenn". Cne4 to3ttl4HqnAeHr Cranro Eopr,rcoe e 6Nn orcrpaHeH or aKr',rBHa xyp-Han ncMtrecKa n paKrlr Ka.

t12B. flo4o6Ha crp,6a u^ a A rnaBHuflr peAaKrop Ha B. "[1ync"

feopzu TaxoL, KbAero e nycHaro ep,Ho ry6aao crilxorBopeHneor [3BecTHa H noqnraHa noereca. Pe4arropur e yBaxaBaH orpe)KuMa noer. Bcuqxo e 4o6pe, o6ave BnocleAcreue cepa3qura aKpocrnxbr ,Qorry Togop XuBxoB; oKa3Ba ce, qe crn-xoTBopeHuero e nPenoAnncaHo c qrxAo '|Me ]4 Bcr4trKn Hen-plrrrHocr4 - Vl-ro ynpaB eHue, 6erpa6onaqa, n r. H. naAar HafnaBara na 6e4Hna peAaKrop.

Toea no cbu{ecreo e nbpBr4rr aKpocn4x, e rofiro nonaAanMe Ha 6tnrapcrra B aAeren.

9. Crnxoee a ITapSun - ee{ennracr[qHoro nMe, c Koero6t,teaule Hapuqan I HoeoroBopa ,A,rarraropbr, Hanilcaxa Bcnq-rn 6unrapcrn noeru (4o6pra u nouru) c ncrxuKa u noBeAeHueHa napBeHtora. B e4no brbnqe r-ra xrry6a Ha nncarenrre qyx Aart,t Hap]4qar "xr4BKoBqera". Oco6eso HarpanquB B napBeHp-u{uHara cn 6eure noerbr f. ,Qxaeapo9, Hapr4qa$ e o6xprxexn-ero "nepnara I KopoHara Ha nanlru.raxa".

10. feopzu Mapxo9 BcBoure n3aro..ovnn penopriDKr4 sa Eun-rapul" (ex. Kofi cr4 n4, 6p. 1 , 1990, c. 4), onucoa cAeAHns cny-vafi, craxan B pe3tlAeHufl "EogHa", cpe.: "C rnac, roriro cuo6-u{aBa npnqrHa u3HeHaAa, Xnexoe Ka3:l Aa ce noArorBr4M AaqyeM eAlrH HapoAeH neeeq, noKaHeH cnellnanHo ra nac (roc-r'fre Ha ,A.,nrraropa - 6ea. L6.). Mrr no-KbcHo npm Hac BAe3ecpeAeH Ha pbcr, cna6uqur Mbx c rpyAHo onpeAenuMa Bb3-pacr... ro14 Hocelue Bbpry rbpAnre c]4 orpoMeH aKopAeoH.Xtaexoe Hn ro npeAcraB]r Karo l4aanuo, xofiro 6nn xsronronbrn ^aypear Ha AnMnrpoBcKH n Ap1irn HarpaAu r cann Xns-KoB xapecoan necHhre aay...Xr,reroB, pa3oeceneH, BHe3anHoKa3a: "kleaHqo, fl Mr4 t4snefi oHa3il neceH...r3a Koraro Me ecpeqHala nneqraraln Brpeare nnu He, Ho ro314 tzleaxqo 6eurecbr.n4Hul necHu 3al naprta&lHcKnre noABr43t4 Ha Xneroa, B TeK-cra Karo "roHaK 9HKo". flnxo 6ewe HeneralHoro l,rMe Ha Top,opXnexoa...klgaHr{o BeAHara 3anoqHa c Heu{o rope-Aony raKo-BA:

3a.o,aaa ce e , iuarixo Ae,

MegKa, MerlKa cIpDBHnqa,

a orAo y |1Ae Au, ]1Ae,

n'raranO le, nnaX flxxO...

l13He nomxR ToqHo reKcra, Ho MeqKaTa crpbBHnqa 6eue

aleropur sa $aurrma, AoKaro oxax gxro npeAcraBnflBaue"s4paemre HapoAHr4 c14lr4.n

S 29.l4ME-lilAO 14Al,l ]4ME-TAEV

Tara cron A'rleMara npn BctKa AnKrarypa. lzlnnero-u4on ee3nKoB oHoMacn4r{eH u HeoHoMacn4qeH Qarr xa floBoroBopa,a uMero-Ta6y sa4urrxeHlre 3a HopMalHara pa3roBopHa n nnc-MeHa per{, Koraro craBa Bbnpoc 3a ncrilHara, cBbp3aHa o6rar-HoBeHo aHe\Aorl,rrrHo c 'rMero na ,A,urraropa. Ta6yro n3t,tcK-BauJe npeAoaBgHero na,A,r,rrraropa a 6ra6nefrcKn crtal c ra6y-u3yrpaHure Mecro'rMeHnn My, Heeo, To0, r3nt,rcaHn c rAaBHu6yxara. B 70-re roAnHn a l4ncrnryra sa 6unrapcxn e3lrK npta-clcrByB:x Ha eAHa cPeu{a-Pa3roBop Ha Arreparopr4 u e3nKo-BeAn c l-. ,{2rarapoB, Toraaa 3aMecrHnK-npeAceAaren na ,A,,up-xaBHere cbeer. Ha runpoca, 3aAaAeH or npoQ. Tonqo Xeqee- HnMa nn 4a 6u4aryBenuqeHt,t 3anlarure Ha HayqHnre pa6or-HlLlu, ,A2xarapoe MHoro AeAuKarHo t,r yMHo o6acHvr, qe 'to3u

Bbnpoc qe ce peun ot Heeo", ue "4ornagur crotl Ha MacaraM/, ue "nupeo Todtpr6rc.lro Aa ce h3Kaxe", ue "nocAep,Ha eHeeo&ama 4yma", hsnonsyeaHero Ha 6r,r6nericxra crran ra ra6y-n3tapaHe Ha nMeHara xa,A,rmaropa Beqe noArorBglue ycnoBt4-frra 3:r PenpecHpaHe Ha gcnqKl4, KonTo He rur 3aqHTaxa.

Cne4 10 HoeMBpr4 ra6yr,nrnpaxero Ha rMero 6elue orpa-3eHO B CarupnqHara Ailreparypa, cpB. BbB $erirreroxa Ha na-it tpA)KlrulKr4t ryMopr4cr feopeu CnacoB "A cera Haru4e" (Cen-reanepuficxo 3HaMe, 1990, c.4): "Karao u{e npaBrt raranpe4?lGx qe xnseq? 7l rarue xr4Bor qe 6u,qe roBa - 6es Heeo,6etOpueumupa?... fu pa3no^ar.rx c HeeoSume peeo^toqltoHHelnoAXoAr4 I peuJaBaHero Ha re3n sbnpocl4,c KoHqenqnltte My."

E4nx or HaulyMelnre c.,rf{au e c apxumeKm 6onn 4unxo&.3a parraraaHe Ha nonnn4ttecKh Bl4r{oae BbB BpBKa c }tMeroxa .,A,mrcraropa rori e ocbAeH xa 5 ro4nxu r,r roHQracraque Harannylqecreoro. ilo rorn noaoA l48ax AaSoB (Kpara Ha nonutn4-qecKlrre Bhqoae. - Crupruen 9.11.1990, c. 2) nraue: "B pasro-Bop c npeAcraBurenn Ha AeBHre ctanl4 BbB (Dpanqrar..., reHe-pal Ae fon 4an Karo npnMep 3a aHr,tAeMoKparhqHocT c,ryq:u

Lt4c apxureKr qnxroe. .A,oraro roi ronexqnoHnpal BlrqoBere nKaplrKarypnre, noceereHn Ha HeroBara oco6a, B eAHa coqr4a-Aurcn4qecKa crpaHa xaro Ernrapnt npau{:tnl4 Br4qaAxnt,tre Bsaraopan.

lGrro 6rxd rpurxaan Heulara e 6rnrapcrnt Ho,BoroBop,ocrasalud caMo eAHa KpatrKa gericreurennoro ra6y sbpryuMero xa To4op Xueros Aa ce npeBbpHe B cMeueH 3aKoH 3al3aulurara My - cbu{o Karo pealHr4r toroclaacKr4 "3aroH 3a 3a-ulnra Ha nMero H Ha Aeloro Ha lZocr,rn 6pos Tnro"22.

s 30. BAoTl43 6A5ACb UAU KPbCTHl4KbrTonoHrnnnqra n oHoMacrr*ata Ha norypHauKure cela B

Xacxoecro npoyveax crc cbrpyAHr,rqKara or XacxoscKrre Abp-xaBeH apxkrB Mapuana Kampe\a. Seule nenocpeAcrBeHo cAeAHacu^crBeHaTa npoM9Ha Ha uMeHaTa no BpeMe Ha )K,rBKoBc-xvrr Burpo4rreneH npoqec. flprp,ppxaaau{ntr HH Mecreu qo-seK - 6art Kpyu or Kpaneso, rparnricrn npecelHlrK, nn cuo6-ll-{r4 cneAHoro: Mecmnre norypHaqu 6rarrn y6e4exra, ue "BaQ-mus 6a6aa craHan niltr.lMaH KbAe nM cMeHnA nMeHararr. llosa-uHrepecyBix ce or ro3l4 BaQmus 6a6aa; ApyraAe 3.rnucax ca-Mo [Mero BaQmusgxunmit, u ce oKa3a, qe roBa e uleroB[Toro}rMe, c Koero MecrHfiTe Hn oTAaEHa nA[ no-cKopo norypqeHncbHapoAHr4r{[ Hapnqar To4op Xnaroa. B Havanoro cMtrax,qe cBbp3Bar uMero c HauryMenran Qrannn "Kprcrxurur" no po-MaHa Ha Maprao l-lyro r,r Bnarar I AyMara SaQmusvun'xpucr-Hur' gHa.{exrae sa To4op Xrleroa xaro '6oc, BoAaq, KpbcrHuKxa rrnd$nnra'. Oxaga ce o6ave, \e arc1awume (rara rn HapilqarcbceAmre nm, 6unrapcKu ryplll4, 3alr{oro ca pycr4 }f cnHeoKnxaro 4ericrBnrenHr caaenHr) ynorpe6rear AyMara SaSmusuunc nprKoro 3Haqenr4ero Ha KpbcmHuK'qoBer xoriro Mu nocraegKpbcrHo nrrae'. l4gsecrHr4 @ 4ericrarrra xa To4op Xnaros uHeroBuTe HeAoMr4cil4t no Bbnpoca 3a nMeHara Ha noMaq[,no-rypHaqu n rypqn. Cam xprcreHeK no npou3xoA, roti crrp,a-aa or 4eracraurenHoro, Ho yHr4lqoxeHo or Hero HqKorauHoBb3poA{renHo Ao}rxeHue Ha norypHaqure 6unrapra eAHo Hec-KOnOCHO KPbCTeH'UKO gBAeHUe, B KOeTO Cam rOra nrPae pOM-Ta Ha "xptcTxnrn. fleleHuero n3ne3e n3BbH rpaHnllnre Ha no-

1 1 5

MaurKnre r norypHauKure o6^acru n npe3 1984-1985 r. sa-cerHa u ce^nu{ara cbc crapo q]4TauJKo Hace^eHue, q[eTo no-

rypqBaHe e MHoro orAaneqeHo, c BeKoBe AoPtr, or cbBPeMeH-Hocrra. C 4pyrvr AyMu, Tofi craHa "xpucrnnr" n Ha 6b^rapcKnre

vP{n, Kot4To nMaxa rypcKo-ocMaHcKo erH[qecKo cb3HaHue h6rnrapcrn 6ronornqex npon3xoA. f,encreyeaLue c npoqyrarapen^nKa Ha AHApeli Asnqea: "co xporqe u co'6naro 14 co MaA-qe KroreK". "Maruuqr 6ori" Ha Mecra ce npeBbpHa B roMM.fnynaanar "Brspo4nrenex npoqec" aa KptcmnuKa cBAaAe4eicranrenHo Bb3poAr,rrelHo ABr,rxeHue cpe4 6unrapcKnre

rypqn, cBAaAe ycloer4g 3a norypqBaHero Ha nonnaqn. Tara"Kpucrumrrr" QarcruvecKn cHAaAe rypcKoro sb3poAnrenHo

ABnxeHue, qur,tro rnaBeH ABnraren 6er.ue repopr,rcruqHara op-raHn3aqmg "PuKara Ha Oarnna" cbc cborBereH 'typcxr,r Aeocru"B nnllero aa Axueg !,oeau!o9), cerauHug pbKoBoAnren Ha .,A,ou-)KeHneTo 3a npaBa lr cBoooAr4.

Kptcmnurctm Aocr[rHa neqa^Hu p€3]ATarn: noMaqure,norypHaqure n punrapcKnre rypqn cn nocraBnxa raKnea nMe-Ha, KaTo ,Aatowa, Tamflua, O,va, Ceprcxa, Hamatug, Axcuuufl,Acn, yceuqaHh Karo pycKr,r. Tara cnopeA rtx HoBr4re Kpbcre-Hgqr4, Hapuuaira u HoBnre 6rnrapn, Koraro 6urapun craHeulecbaercKa peny6nuxa, HtMaue Aa MMar HyxAa Aa cn npoMe-Hnr orHoBo hMeHara. Kptcmxuxtm nocrurHa u no-sa6enexn-renHu ycnexr'r. Car"r ror,r Kpbcrn BHyr{rre cil Ha cBoero nMe.[1pn nor'aaqnre .4 norypHaqrre o6aqe.craxa o6paruoro: sa 4ace cna3n KpbcrHara rpaAuqnt, 6a6rare ce Kpbu{aBaxa no nMe-Hara Ha BHyqure, AaAeHn rM Beqe B yqr4luule or "p,pyrapr4re"(cnyua[, onucaH u or 6nara .A,r,trvtrrposa B ecero "klMero" -

.A,erroxparnqHa ceAMnqa, 6p. 2, 1990, n3nbqeHo 3ar nbpan nbror paAuo ",A,oriue Bele' Ha 7.V111.1989 r. s 13 u.). Kprcrnnrcur,BepeH na 6unrapcKoro KpbcreHtqecrBo, "pa3poar,r" clrMeonr4rl-Ho 14 MbprbBrlnre n uM nocraara 6unrapcKr4 hMeHa. floxexeHe Mo)Keue Aa n3Bbprxl4 r43qtno rasu 4erinocr no HaArpo6Hn-re naMerHH nnoqta, Ha Mecra HapeAn re 4a 6u4ar yHl4u-to)Ke-Hu, Karo B clytl.ul c llerqepa. l4naaule o6aqe noMaqn u noryp-uaqu 6unrapvr, Konro 6nxa yvacreyaanr B 6op6r,rre Ha HeFoBa-ra napr'rr. 3a rqx 6rxa na4nrHarn naMerHtlqh npeAr,r 1984 r.3a qnaunnsoaaHng qoaeK noAMtHara Ha nMero I naMerHnKa6eue HeBb3MoxHa, Ho 3.r '&a()mus 6a6aa Tqop Xufixo$ 9a-

rt6Ayn.ruaroera He npeAcraBmriauJe rpyAHocr. ['lpocro HapeAu Aace noAMeHnr apa6cxrare r4MeHa, cMgTaHr4 or MrooonMaHt,tTeno cBeTa 3:l cBeqeHn, no naMerHuqilTe n naMeTHhTe n^oqm c6unrapcrn. B roea,A,nrraropur Beqe uMaue onur cbc cMrHaraHa nMero na lllopgaurca \auro\a, noxofiHnqa u cbnpyra ua fe-oprn 9axroe - r{oBeKbr, roriro ro u3AurHa Ao sbpxoeeTe HaBnacfia. lzlHrepeceH e ta cnyqagT c nMero Ha roleMtat 6rnra-pnH, noMaK or MnxanroBo H nbpBr4 rAaBeH ,rno{nar Ha Sb ra-pun OcnnaH Hypr.r ESenAu, cnacul fleqepa or onoxaptBaHe,Apyrap xa flerro lGpaeenoe, HarpaxAaBaH c Haft-stacoruAbpxaBHm 6unrapcru n pycKr4 opAeHn. B fler4epa r4Maue eA-Ha ynnqa, HapeqeHa Ha HeroBo n,rne. B nMeTo Ha KpbcreHg-trecrBoro rpaAbr 6eue AnuleH or [Mero Ha cBog cnacurerr!

B e4Ho xacKoBcKo celo 3:lnncix aHe\Aora 3ar By KaHH3a-ropa, cneqenun .Ho6enoa:l HarpaAa. 6r,tn cus4a.,r Haft -4o6parapereHep[paHa ryffit B cBera or ocHooa myp.'tu]t c rpariQep 6ar-zapuH. 3a ro3r4 aHeKrpror cr,r cnoMHr4x, Koraro 3anucaxKpbcreHflulKara Bepcils :H npolr3xoAa Ha Top,op Xilexoe. lGrce norraps uctopr4tra: orAony t{yKaq - orrope 6unrapr,r6(!),ilAu pereHepar npeAr orKpneaHero Ha BylKaHn3aqnrra!24

117

6AI43HAI(bT UAN BMECTO 3AI(^]OqEHNE

. Flper neproAa 1991-1994 r.6rx nerrop no 6unrapcxrae3rK u ryArypa s Kparioecxile yHneepcnrer, flnnrHlrR. Xueoce 3a,rHrepecyBax or npupoAara Ha pyMbHcKr4t Ar4Krarop. flo-pa3nxa Me cAeAHnTe MoMeHru, Kol4ro ro nPeAcraEtr Karo6par-6nrasHar sa 6rnrapcKnq :

Hnxonae 9ayr-ueocy noAMeHg nMero na 6aua cn Vayw noT Hero sb3npoh3BexAa apncroKpaTu'{Horo 14 l4HTenr reHrcKoVaywecry. flpeycrporaa or MaAKoro cenqe Cxopuuuenu eenn-KoAeneH rpaa. KpariHara Kbu{a B cenhulero e npeobpHara Brrnyrefi, lGAero qrm PyrrnrHran rpn6ea Aa ce npe,outHt. B rpaA-'{eTo uMa y }rq14 c uMeHaTa Ha PoAnTeAnTe My.

Cen efrcreoro na ,,A,nrraropa xuBee or HsKonKo noKone-Hr4q B cenoro. MecrHrre xopa ff Hapnqar KpuMcKu ntu ma-mapcKu tluaaHu. B Kpnnn o6aqe re3ta quraHn ca HapnqaHn 6ut-zapu, rc'u\oro ca npecenHuqr4 or Surapun. TaKa sbsxuxBaBepclrera sa 6urapcxnq npou3xoA Ha pyMbHcKr4e Ar4Krarop.

KonnyxucrnvecKntr Ho8orosop xa f,r,mnnr cBAaAe nPe-AecrHr4 uMeHa-nAonu sa.A,urraropa, Ko'rro 6qxa o6rseHu no-HanpeA. B rprnroroBopa npncbclBysaue o6aqe Ktrcta, npot-Bnu{e n xa 6aqa My, noAo6Ho na 3auQupxro. HenpeqraeHarapeq npeBexAa Ha 6unrapcKr4 roBa nMe c llocpanun.3a ynor-pe6a xa npo3Bl4u{ero pyMbHcK}rre t,tHrelnrexril crqo noce-l4aBaT 3:rrBoP[Te. I Onr-Porrnaxau, xafi-nrvarapeurxuRn oKpbrxa furrnuHr,rn, nMeTo Ha AnKraToPa Huxu gno\aHa Aa ce ynoT-pe6naa u ixr Marapera.

Korrnynr,rcrnqecKnir AlrKrarop t4,vn Haqa Ha 6raorpaQr,trHa o6uKHoBeH KpaAeq, 3a Koero nonaAa B 3aTBopa, BnocleAc-rBue 3a Heio e u3MHo\eHa cbr4ara HencruHcKa 6raorpa{r,rr xa-ro aa Togop Xusroe. Tofi o6aue, 3a pa3nnKa or cBor cu6par,He s:tobpuJBa cpeAHo o6pasoaanrae.

118

SEAEXK141 8 xnnrara'Maa6ocr, HapeqeHa 6op6u" cbcraBnreler Mamei IJJonruu npn-BeXAa Ha c. 15 orruc or Apyru arro6raorpa{raqHn peAooe, qryno npor43xoAHe ycnrx Aa yroi{Hr.

2 no6 rprarroro na d,rarraropa B aKaAeMr4qHlirre cpeAlr rcpacHarxil MHor-o6no4onrsqu, lrnKou or Korro cbcraBgxa He GtMo "AogHara ApyxnHra" na[1r,porar, xo n ]venara' rapnrrypa Ha f€roBur .,A,rpxaaen cboer fi l-{empa-AHuc Komrrer. E4ran or rqx 6eure peBHrTelsr Ha coqualucr'rqecKufl pe;tlr4-cbM a,Gtg. ITanmetei 3ape8, xororo [nKT:rropbr nper 1 975 r. no cny.rara 65-raMy roAr4ruHlrlcl yAocro[ c A]4qeH aApec (sx. T. XuBxoS, lAt6pann cbir4He-nur, r. XlX, C., 1976, c. 251). Tpornal 3.rMecrHuK-npeAceAaremr xa EAHo6reu, ve qe nnure 'nayrnara 6norpa$rar" Ha 4p. T. Xusroa. [o 4enAHeueH o6aqe ra3lr "rnyuna 6vrorpaQr,n'raKa il He ce nosor4.

3 Anarrorr4.{eH e c yq:ur c 6uorpa0ranm Ha Apyr KoMyHrcrr{qecKu AuKrarop- .ilocun 6pos Tumo.3a xero Ear.r lOpyxoaa (ParoenvaHurr xynl rurra Trro,Bev. xoruxr,6p. 18Q 1990, c.2) cnorrirenaaa: *Hosara lay 6raorpaSran cenmule HemulocbpAno. Oxaraa ce, t{e toroc/utBcKr4tr HapoA xonro raxa Qa-H,ITUqHO Ce ropAeeuJe cbc c8or AoxllsoTeH MuHr4cTbp-npeAceAaTe^ h M14c-Aeute, qe 3Hae BcurtKo 3€r c8ot Mapuaa - or p€Bo^totll4oHHoTo My MhHa o

Ao noo\eAHrre AHn, e xeprBa Ha eAHa HeBepoflTHa Abxa Ha croaerueto".

4 Arropcrrcro Ha Srorpa$H,rxre oqepK He e yKa3.lno B rpyAa. Hayvaaannero ot 17. Ce*cpgxte$ 1Hnqoxecrao..., c. 5). hpaxcxnrr Ar,lKrarop Hanp.EeAr€ra cneA aHeKcnpaHsro Har Kyoenr nper 1990 r. Hapeqe ceBepHaraqacr or ra3r crpana H.r cmero nA^e ffpyA 6p. 2M, 1 990, c. 1).

5 Att* e *ann lpa$ruqa xuw. calo cemericrooro Ha l-lAno ffi\nuwxu,xoriro crulo ce KaHn AA r lnnycKa (r xpar rn 1995 r.). Or rasn Maxala,rbAero rcrqKl'r cir poAxr4nlr, e n lTemxo rQawe6, a lrrarnnoro - or 6nrgxoroo6xptxexr,re rta !,mraropa.

6 Tarn r,rcroprq o,re ny6,rnryoa,r6 B T. &ailarrQt, A. AHgFu, l-oiremrre ana-cn cpe4 6u,rraprre (8. Trprorc 1986). Paerarsa n fenagu Cmarc| or Acoqra-aqxrra l*r B acrre. [nec rcu.rxn Bnacu I Su,rrapun 3Hacr, qe [,rrraroptr noMairc e orrqHmr HapoA.

r7 Koraro pa6orex Bbpxy ra3lr qacr or Knlrrara, 3anlatra mn 6eure 300 ,rs.

88 xprmorompa no Bperlerc Ha Afirffdrypara ce ynorpe6rBauJe umoudilE n i, a 3lnqexre rcbc€arHnre tta To4op Xnexoa, npaevanu', nprxol€ru8lrPatI) or ynarule^horo n,r,re na,A,nrraropa -fouemo.

9 B r,,o^,,enm atr)rxur ]r.r T. XnsxoB - Tqq Uhd Aa\rc|- e cAeAcrBeH]r ce ]rti^]rpa a 6uarapcxn 3arrcp.

11910 BnocneAcrahe clyxbr ce norsbpr\r1 Aorry,v€Hralno, .

114pyrrre 4e$opr,ranaur,r ca no [ruenara xa npn6lnxenrre xa ,A,rarraropal1etoTarcL, Marc/arc&.

t2 A. 3awe8 B crrn4rm *flrrenoxagarenn xa3a4'(Kynrypa, 6p.39, 1990, c.3) no orHoureHne Ha uAerra 3:r caqua rcruqecKara ceMeffcroenocr nfiue:'Cenaerisrsoro e 3aloxeHo B crMoro (4ocropo canaopar6rapaeMo u Bceo6-qo) mex4ynui{Hocrno o6prqerure 'gpyapd. Btu {ynrqur,ne cr x:r yxx-BepGIAeH nper\r4KaT Ayruara

'gryap- BHyuJaBa 6,$,|3ocr, poAHuHc-rrc r4û nbKHari-,rnartxo apxauqHa BbTpeuHa cbnpuHaMexHocr fla o6qyeanero. 06-ulecroo, ArpxaBa, cerneffcrrc - ry& 3a 4a nepu$parraparvre AexnH, cnxaurne ca neo6xo4r,rMl4 Tpn AyMl4, TaKoBa e e,ra6ler,urrqHoro BHyuleHhe Ha Ao-cerauJHr4r coqualn3bM. 14 xaro no napaAoKc rbKrvro ArqHoro ume Ha ntp&tngtpxa&eu ptrchgumet ce oKira Hocrrelrr Ha HaA nqnocrtroro 3HaqeHfie(o<oAno Ha 'teKperap",

ltpxaeen r ana" u ApJ,.Aoraro !,pyrapnr', rosuHeu3Mer€H npeAurlr KbM AurrHoro une, n3lbqBa co6creeno AlrqHocrHoro,3aAyureBHoro, ceoricxoro, poAHoro. To nooa ar,rnoc$epara Ha ce-MelicrBoro'.

13 no cuu{rac HaqhH ce e pa3Bulo 14 3HaqeH[ero Ha 4o6aarvnrre nMena HaBurc 9epknxoS u Ha xexa ny Eaem,\uuumpoh-9epbnah, cpe. npr,r A*uo 6enpo8 (noc. cr.r., c. 77): 'l-lo pycKu MaHlrep Ka3rnxir (e V6O - 5erT.6.) na 9epoenroe xa3aur7 a Ha LlepBeHKova rasafrn... B qenrm napx 6eure

HapeAeHo Aa He ce 8At4ra HnKirKbB Luy,ra. llo-urymH],rTe npoqecu (s SocHa -

6et. T.6.1ce Bbpluexaf Koclro xa&lume clt,l3ar o Co$rar.

14 Tacn qacr Be.1e furle rnnr,rcaHa, Koraro B neqaftr ce norBr4 crarutn Hay',unumtp 3awe8, [lwenoKa3areû mra6 (Kynrypa,6p. 39, c. 3), ruAero cenpaBr4 AoHrrGAe HeoqaKBarHo pb3cbxAeHue 3a ceMaHTuqHaEt poar m 4o6a-EbvHoro nue Tamo B oHo,\4acruKara Ha AuKraropa, cpo.: foqual[crhqec-xara ceraeriu4nra (ne <aalo BToqHoeBponericxara) e MacKylhrrcKa. Tn e na-TepHa Ha. Cemeracreoro - Toaa cbM ag'- scexu npbB pbKoooArrel 6u nMa ocHoBaHr4e Aa npou3r€ce re3fi ctrKpalHu erona. ,A,a ce BHyul& yrnto3r4flr:l :ErromMo ceaaeticleo, qnr?ro ecrecreeH ,vuruqecKlt qeHrbp e'mamo', rclKro cnpeowxoAeH ycer 3a ytcropr4qec€ pealHocr 6n yrour,rn 6u,rrapcxnrr na-poA - ra3u e HeorMeHHara uAeoloruqec&r 3eâqa Ha ny6nr,rvnocrra B yclo-Bltrftr Ha no6e4r,rnr,ra coqt,talrcbM. Haqraonaanoro coqua hcn4qecKocel ericrBo, pafupa ce, e qagr or urrepHaqfioffilltoro. (Dorocyre rur re,$a'roar,rao ceMel,rcrBo' 6ru<a rarruanr,rnu eAHa Eropa Bas[AoHcKa 6n6nnqrexa'.

15 Cpea HapoAa e pa3npcrpanen a\yx, cnop€A Koriro qnraHcKoro B po-

Aoa\oBnero m rA,rarnropa hArJ:l or Heroaa 'na aBa' fufu, xonro yx 6macbrpetlrt,tna c utarttruH, t4 nonexe cbrpeuauaHgro paHo nlr,t Ktcno r,rtr\r,tsanoHarBe - ero, 'r,B6lu\o' g o6para na T. Xuexos o\eA AEe lr^h rpu noKoêHri'.

t2016 U. CnefianoS, 3a XnBxor, Kp[3ara u xa6nHera, florne,ou 6p. 38; ex.nporeqa cpeqy rorral nucaHl.r€ na,Ap. Hurc,ue8, cuulo e llorne4n 6p. a0.

17 x lbae6, l=enepar or MBP - uH,rquarop :xl :r.rKpuBaH€ r€ Aarepa BAooeu, Pa6ornni{ecKoAeAo 6p. 93, 1990, c.4.

18 nerxo !,aHvee e poAcrBexuK na,A,urraropa or poAHoro ceao (xonn6ax)na marixa 4y,A,pLenuqa. Cera ran'r clon u &u'uma ua flemrc y',ame&.

19 Cps. l,f Mlrcbnm rc K *arcpoT(Eropxrr era)K, c. 71): Tpn4ecer H ner ro-Aruinoro ynpaB eHue na To6op Xuoxoa ce Kpeneue Bbpry ABa ocHoBHr4cru,r6a - BbopbxeHara cu^a r penPecfirra, KorTo nPueMauje pa3,\nqHuqBeroBe u Qop,rara nper ro3h neplrolv !r noAKpenara 14 AoBepuero, c KoeroTo!4 ce norcyoaue or crpaHa ffir cboercKoro puxooo4crao"

20 no rosn nooo4 Arao 6enpo8 (noc. cuv., c. 115) nuure: "Axo I AaAeHomKa3BaHe AnncBar AexrypHrre qtoBa 3a poura rur Togop Xu&tcoL..., ro r4lhHe ce AonycKaure, l4^r4 He ce neqaTauje.

21 4ororaaa 6tnraprcre c;tr ,r3nol3yBalta rMeHara Cmaauu n Tumo I Ky'reu-KaTa 300HHM14q.

22 3a uprs*ara Ha uMero-r4Aol c ra6yrasrapaHero B peqra Su,rmoQtr [u,nu-mtp 3aue8 (qrr. crv., c. 3,) rovno e noAqeprir : "Bcnuxq Koero HanoMlre3ar xr4Bora noA Ta6y, rpn6ea 4a 6qe ci agano noA rexecrra Ha !!Mero-n4on. Ha ycnex Morar Aa ce paAoar catMo plrropr4'{Hrre xaHpoae, qmcro"ra4eranara irvneparypa", 'naprurinoro vtrqrcToo'. Kynrur rurrn enuqHoro !r Jvril-qa6noro (e nonrtrraxara, hKoxoMr4rcltr, B rpaAoycrporicreoro n apxr,neKry-para, B HayKara r Awreparypartr Ha o\eApeBo roqr4oHH"Te nerrnerxr) uurpe-urHo e csbp3aH c AilKrara ra 6yxoenocrra na6 o6pa:nocna, a rafinara naTo3H Ar4Krar e xuuletata".

23 Typ.*, vaftiz babasi, vaftisci, or ryp. vaftis 'xprulenue', or rpbqKl4npoh3xoA.

24 U8. Ko,aryd no rafta nooo6 ny6,$aryoa a'Ha,{a^ol'(6p. 6, 199O c. 15)cruxorBope Huero * Kptcrnra x*

'CnaeHgea r4Mero Ha BchrrKo:lrd y^r4qr4 14 rpaAoBe,na o6pe4n ,,r Ha npnBuqK!,t,Ha BeclHr4ql4 14 abpxoBe,

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lsBN 954-8709-10-4Pegakmop K. KoruumoBXygo>kxuk Xp. [aquxoB

Qopuam 84l1OBl32fleqamHu konu I

l4egamen 14K "3xak'94" - Benuko TupxoBofleqam nA6aeap" EOOFI - Benuko Tupxo0o

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