Attitude

A Presentation By MASS

MASSuhammad Ibrahim Khan (14IN36)bdul Wahid (14IN40)hahzain Rajput (14IN38)yed Muhammad Hassan (14IN39)Presentation Credits: $R

Block Diagram &TypesMuhammad Ibrahim Khan

Sub-Types

Syed Muhammad Hassan

Introduction& Working Principle Remaining Sub-Types&ApplicationsAbdul WahidShahzain Rajput

HistoryThe inventor is assumed to be the German engineer Dietrich Uhlhorn He used it for measuring the speed of machines in 1817 Since 1840, it has been used to measure the speed of locomotives

Tachometer The word comes fromGreek(tachos"speed") andmatron ("measure"). Essentially the words tachometer and speedometer have identical meaning: a device that measures speed.A tachometer is an instrument measuring the rotation speed of a shaft or disk as in a motor or other machine

Working principle of Tachometer

Abdul WahidPlease Continue the Presentation

Block Diagram

IR SENSOR

ACTIVE FILTER

Microcontroller7 Segment Display

Comparator

Types Tachometers can be classified on the basis of data acquisition contact or non contact types They can also be classified on the basis of the measurement technique time based or frequency based technique of measurement They can also be classified as analog or digital type

Contact type The wheel of the tachometer needs to be brought into contact with the rotating object Non Contact type The measurement can be made without having to attach the tachometer to the rotating objectClassification Based on Data Acquisition Technique

Classification Based on Measurement Technique Time Measurement The tachometer calculates speed by measuring the time interval between the incoming pulses

Frequency Measurement The tachometer calculates speed by measuring the frequency of the incoming pulses

Analog TachometerHas a needle and dial type of interfaceNo provision for storage of readingsCannot compute average, deviation, etcDigital TachometerHas a LCD or LED readoutMemory is provided for storageCan perform statistical functions like averaging, etcComparison Between Analog and Digital Tachometers

Shahzain RajputPlease Continue the Presentation

What Are the Different Types of Tachometers?Mechanical TachometersRevolution CounterHand Speed IndicatorCentrifugal TachometerResonance (vibrating read) TachometerElectrical TachometersEddy Current or Drag Cup TachometerContactless Electrical TachometersMagnetic Pickup TachometerPhoto-Electric Tachometer

Mechanical Tachometers

16

Revolution CounterRevolution counter is used to measure an average of rational speed instead of instantaneous rotational speed. It consists of a worm gear that is usually attached to a spindle. It has two dials, an inner one and an outer one. These are limited to low speed engines and measure satisfactory up to 2000-3000r.p.m.

Hand Speed Indicator

Hand Speed Indicator has an integral stopwatch and counter with automatic disconnect.

Centrifugal Tachometer

Centrifugal Tachometer operates on principle that centrifugal force is proportional to speed of rotation. They are suitable for 4000r.p.m.

Resonance (Vibrating Read) TachometerIn Vibrating Read Tachometers a series of consecutively timed steel rods are used to determine speed on basis of vibrations created by machine.These can be used in speed range of 600-10000 rpm .

Electrical Tachometers

Eddy current or Drag Cup TachometerAn Eddy-Current Tachometer uses the interaction of the magnetic fields generated by a permanent magnet and a rotor, whose speed of rotation is proportional to the eddy currents generated.

Syed Muhammad HassanPlease Continue the Presentation

Contactless Electrical Tachometers

Magnetic Pickup TachometerA coil wounded on permanent magnet not on iron core, this configuration enable us to measure rotational speed of the systems.

Photo-Electric Tachometer

It consists of a opaque disc mounted on the shaft whose speed is to be measured. The disc has a number of equivalent holes around the periphery. On one side of the disc there is a source of light (L) while on the other side there is a light sensor (may be a photosensitive device or photo-tube) in line with it (light-source).

Photo-Electric TachometerComputer mouse with a ball

General Applications of TachometerElectric tachometers are utilized in machinery and automobiles.Tachometers are used in aircraft , rails, automobiles and other vehicles for indicating the rotation rate of the crankshaft of the engine.Used in traffic engineering to estimate traffic speed and volume.Used for measuring heart rate , arterial blood flow rate , respiratory gas flow rate in medical.

Industrial Applications of TachometerMixersConveyorsCompressorsPrinting EquipFans and BlowersWindersMotor ControlPLC InterfaceExtrudersMoldingAutomated AssemblyBottling

Thank You