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1 | Page SMART_KOM. Kraków in Smart Cities Network Summary Report of the project’s 1 st phase Rafał Garpiel

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SMART_KOM. Kraków in Smart Cities Network

Summary Report of the project’s 1st phase

Rafał Garpiel

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Krakow Technology Park (Project Leader)

ul. prof. Michała Życzkowskiego 14

31-864 Kraków

Poland

The Malopolska Voivodeship (Project Partner)

ul. Basztowa 22

31-156 Kraków

Poland

Krakow Municipality (Project Partner)

pl. Wszystkich Świętych 3-4

31-044 Kraków

Poland

Author:

Rafał Garpiel, PhD and Experts

Edition:

Rafał Garpiel, PhD

Proofreading:

Wojciech Przybylski

Agnieszka Włodarczyk

Agata Grochal-Kolarska

Urszula Madej

This report was written within „SMART_KOM. Kraków in Smart Cities Network” project, co-financed

by the European Union under the Małopolska Regional Operational Programme 2007-2013.

Krakow Technology Park is the Leader of the project and the owner of the copyright to published

reports, presentations and elaborations. Using this report shall occur on Krakow Technology Park’s

consent.

We thank all moderators, experts and other people engaged in the workshops and the preparation

of this report.

Kraków, June 2014

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Contents

Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 4

About the project ................................................................................................................................................. 5

Smart City as a conceptual continuum ................................................................................................................. 6

Smart City Workshops .......................................................................................................................................... 7

Smart People priorities ......................................................................................................................................... 9

Smart People conceptual bond for the KMA ................................................................................................. 10

Expert inspirations around Smart People ...................................................................................................... 11

Smart Living priorities ......................................................................................................................................... 12

Smart Living conceptual bond for the KMA ................................................................................................... 14

Expert inspirations around Smart Living ........................................................................................................ 15

Smart Environment priorities ............................................................................................................................. 16

Smart Environment conceptual bond for the KMA ........................................................................................ 17

Expert inspirations around Smart Environment ............................................................................................. 17

Smart Economy priorities ................................................................................................................................... 20

Smart Economy conceptual bond for the KMA .............................................................................................. 21

Expert inspirations around Smart Economy ................................................................................................... 21

Smart Mobility priorities .................................................................................................................................... 23

Smart Mobility conceptual bond for the KMA ............................................................................................... 27

Expert inspirations around Smart Mobility .................................................................................................... 27

Smart Governance priorities .............................................................................................................................. 28

Smart Governance conceptual bond for the KMA ......................................................................................... 29

Expert inspirations around Smart Governance .............................................................................................. 29

Smart City – the integrated approach ................................................................................................................ 31

Smart City in the eyes of the KMA territorial government units ....................................................................... 32

Résumé ............................................................................................................................................................... 35

Workshop participants ....................................................................................................................................... 37

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Introduction

Ladies and Gentlemen,

When Krakow Technology Park organized in 2010 its first conference on smart city issues, the term

has not yet been known in Poland. Yet, during the last couple of years it has become the leading

catch-phrase of the new debate on public management. Now every city wants to be smart, and the

new EU financial perspective (including the funds for metropolitan areas) gives a chance for

successful realization of the intention.

First and foremost, a smart city should have a good idea for itself – only then will smart tools answer

real needs. Within the “SMART_KOM. Kraków in Smart Cities Network” project, led by Krakow

Technology Park, the Malopolska Voivodeship, the Krakow Municipality, Forum Virium Helsinki and

Vienna University of Technology, an attempt has been made to define the challenges facing Krakow

and the Krakow Metropolitan Area.

We have paid a lot of attention to analyzing Kraków from the point of view of the smart city concept,

and to facilitating dialogue between various milieus, because we believe that this is the proper

approach to understanding urban issues. The report we present is a summary of eight workshops

held between November 2013 and April 2014. The participants of the workshop included project

partners and invited experts from the academia, business, NGOs and the administrations. The aim

was to select key areas, in which new technological solutions should be proposed.

On the basis of the project’s 1st phase, 2nd phase is conducted. We are now learning about European

good practices and preparing for the final phase, which is writing the SMART_KOM strategy. Such

work organization – from need identification, through good practices, to searching for tools for their

realization – has solid methodological grounds. Owing to that, Kraków and the KMA’s activities and

spendings on smart solutions will be coherent, deliberate and rational.

The workshops concerned six thematic areas used in European smart city benchmarking, from

SMART PEOPLE to SMART GOVERNANCE. More than 160 experts worked according to a strictly

defined methodology, what was then reflected in six working reports. The summary report includes

most important issues chosen by experts. Our ambition was not so much analyzing all aspects of

urban life, but rather focusing on those aspects, in which new technology (or a new perspective) may

give real benefits. The recommendations from the 1st phase of the project has already influenced the

Strategy of Krakow Development, being presently written by the Krakow Municipality. The narration

of the document has been inspired by work coordinated by KTP.

Although the SMART_KOM project is only at the half-way point, I would already like to thank all our

partners – the Malopolska Voivodeship, the Krakow Municipality, Forum Virium Helsinki and Vienna

University of Technology – for the cooperation in the diagnostic phase of the project. The ideas

described in the report should become not only a good starting point for making the SMART_KOM

strategy, but also the beginning of a broad discussion about how a smart city policy should be

pursued in Poland wisely.

Wiesława Kornaś-Kita

Prezes Zarządu KPT

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About the project

This report constitutes a summary of the first phase of the “SMART_KOM. Kraków in Smart Cities

Network” project, led by:

Kraków Technology Park, represented by Wojciech Przybylski, Director of the Technology

Park Development Department, and Agnieszka Włodarczyk – KTP Project Manager;

national partners include:

Malopolska Voivodeship, represented by Sebastian Ramenda – Director of the Department

of Business Development of the Marshal Office of the Małopolska Region, and Joanna

Domańska – acting as Deputy Director of the Department of Business Development of the

MOMR;

Krakow Municipality, represented by Rafał Kulczycki – Director of the City Development

Department of the City of Kraków, and Katarzyna Wysocka – Investor Services Centre

Manager in the City of Kraków;

while foreign partners include:

Vienna University of Technology, represented by prof. Rudolf Giffinger;

Forum Virium Helsinki, represented by Jarmo Eskelinen.

The object of the project is to develop the “SMART_KOM” (KOM = KMA, Kraków Metropolitan Area)

strategy and prepare two pilot programmes for implementation, based on existing infrastructural

and human resources, using the foreign partners’ experience and developed model solutions. Within

the project, state-of-the-art Smart City solutions are developed, aimed at improving the quality of life

of residents of the Kraków Metropolitan Area. Project execution is planned for 22 months – from

September 2013 to June 2015.

Strategic goals of the project include:

improved awareness of Smart City functionalities among the residents of the KMA with the

assistance of entities involved in the implementation of such solutions, including local

government units, municipal and regional companies, universities, enterprises, associations

and foundations,

development of the “SMART_KOM” strategy, which should define tools to be used within the

adaptation of the solutions developed at the agglomeration level in the region, e.g. in

Tarnow, Nowy Sącz, or Western Małopolska.

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Smart City as a conceptual continuum

The Smart City concept is not uniform, and is not even close to conceptual unity. We can be critical of

the fact, perceiving it as a weakness of the concept, as conceptually blurred, as regards the range and

semantic scope. However, in the variety of definitions of Smart City, we can perceive the strength of

the concept, owing to which it is possible to search for increasingly new ways of materialising the

concept in practice of everyday functioning of urban and metropolitan organisms1.

If we assume that the city deserving to be referred to as "smart" is a city whose development, as can

be read in Smart Cities in Europe2, is understood as:

“…investment in people and social capital, traditional (transport) and

modern (ICT) communication infrastructure, sustainable management of

fuels and energy, as well as high quality of life connected with wise

management of natural resources – achieved by social participation and

involvement”.

we should see that there is no smart city without synergy of coexistence of particular dimensions to

its daily functioning and development. In other words, a smart city cannot be smart just in certain

selected aspects. In order for a city to deserve to be called as Smart City, its life should be planned,

and the city itself should be managed in a manner allowing for implementation of particular priority

aspects of the “SMART” idea3, the list of which, supplemented with exemplary forms of reducing to

practice in the urban and agglomeration tissue, is as follows:

Smart People, namely education for everyone (including lifelong learning, Third Age

Universities, activation of the elderly), active non-governmental organisations, broad civic

participation, well accommodated national and ethnic minorities, broad access to culture;

Smart Living, namely developed social infrastructure (offer related to culture, leisure time,

sports, etc.), available healthcare, residential policy adjusted to residents’ needs, care for

public safety, as well as sensitivity to social exclusion of poverty areas;

Smart Environment, namely sustainable resource management (water, energy, waste), care

for clean environment and flood security, as well as sustainable spatial planning considering

the role of green areas in the city;

Smart Economy, namely developed entrepreneurship and varied, dynamic labour market,

well planned economic structure of the city (including key sectors), tourism, economic

1 The risk related to sometimes too broad approach to definition of key concepts is discussed in Résumé of the report.

2 Caragliu A., Del Bo, C., Nijkamp, P., 2009, Smart cities in Europe, Series Research Memoranda 0048, University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Econometrics.

3 The division into six areas of Smart City was based on benchmarking methodology developed by Prof. Rudolf Giffinger et al. from Vienna University of Technology.

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promotion and pro-investment policy, as well as innovation policy, namely close linkage of

smart city elements to the local economy;

Smart Mobility, namely well organised public transport in the city and the agglomeration, as

well as pedestrian and cyclist traffic in the city, high quality roads and state-of-the-art traffic

control systems, as well as high transport accessibility in Kraków and the Kraków

Metropolitan Area.

Smart Governance, namely focus on the transparency maximization of decision-making

processes, widespread public consultation, well-developed participatory budget, long-term

strategic thinking and planning, implementation of e-governance concept, and general use of

open data.

Both Kraków and the Kraków Metropolitan Area will aim at implementing the Smart City concept

exclusively on condition that jointly, gradually, but consistently, they will adapt to new solutions that,

in the long term, will serve to improve the quality of life of urban and agglomerative space users,

namely residents and other users of urban space, e.g. tourists.

Smart City Workshops

On the grounds of the “SMART_KOM. Kraków in Smart Cities Network”, executed under the

Małopolska Regional Operational Programme for the years 2007-2013, Priority Axis 8. Trans-regional

cooperation, Measure 8.2 Building the position of Małopolska in the European co-operation

networks, there was a series of thematic workshops on:

Smart People, moderated by Bożena Pietras-Goc – 28.11.2013

Smart Living, moderated by Borys Czarakcziew – 13.12.2013

Smart Environment, moderated by Leszek Michno – 09.01.2014

Smart Economy, moderated by Marcin Kędzierski – 29.01.2014

Smart Mobility, moderated by Łukasz Franek – 28.02.2014

Smart Governance, moderated by Jan Filip Staniłko – 07.03.2014

The six workshops mentioned above, executed from November 2013 to March 2014, involved as

many as 161 participants and over 50 hours of work.

Workshop participants worked in many phases, based on methodology developed by the Jagiellonian

University Institute of Sociology representatives: Andrzej Bukowski, PhD (dr hab.), and Aleksandra

Wagner, PhD. The milestones of the methodology involved:

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Before the workshops:

Preliminary reports developed by the aforementioned moderators in charge of

particular thematic areas, describing the input situation observed today (for Kraków

and Kraków Metropolitan Area) in the selected aspect of Smart City. The reports

have been prepared basing on the existing statistical data and results of analyses,

allowing for partial diagnoses of the present level of city development in the context

of Smart City;

During the workshops:

SWOT analyses for the Kraków Metropolitan Area oriented at presenting the status

quo at each of the six aforementioned Smart City areas – with special focus on

identification of key problems requiring smart solutions;

Stakeholder maps identifying actors linked to a particular substantive segment of

Smart City, whose activity is necessary at the phase of building a smart city;

Priority setting for KMA development, in order to allow for the implementation of

the selected Smart City aspects, considering two key criteria for selecting

development concepts: their inter-subjectively understood importance and objective

possibilities of their implementation. This report exposes the selected postulates,

namely the ones considered by workshop participants, participants to the discussion

and experts as possible to implement, and inter-subjectively significant to the KMA.

They have been selected among broader sets of development postulates for the

KMA with various levels of priority and implementation capacities.

Apart from the aforementioned six thematic workshops, there were also conducted workshops for all

moderators of the thematic workshops, aiming at the integration of all the discussed Smart City

issues:

Smart City – integrated approach, moderated by Rafał Garpiel – 14.04.14

as well as workshops for the leaders of the KMA’s local government units, devoted to the search for

metropolitan specificity of the Smart City:

Smart City in the eyes of the leaders of KMA local government units, moderated by Rafał

Garpiel – 23.04.14

The participants of the workshops for representatives of KMA local government units were city

mayors, town mayors, and employees dealing with regional development of municipalities:

Zabierzów, Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce, Skawina, Michałowice, Zielonki, Niepołomice, Liszki, Mogilany

and Świątniki Górne.

The aforementioned two workshops summarising phase 1 of the project were discussions among 35

participants, which took over 7 hours of work.

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Six thematic meetings and two summary meetings, totalling eight workshops, allowed for gathering

a significant number of KMA development concepts in line with the Smart City paradigm made

legitimate by thorough practice of implementing the idea in many places worldwide. This report

contains the presentation of Smart City priorities selected during particular workshops, potential

implementation of which in the Kraków Metropolitan Area was broadly discussed, with the priceless

inspiring input from the experts who presented - during the workshops and then in writing – their

own visions of selected Smart City aspects.

The priorities have been presented below, in most cases in original forms of their record from the

workshops or as paraphrases from partial reports developed by moderators of particular groups.

A longer description of priorities or comment with interpretation is presented (in the right column of

the chart) when the author of the partial report recorded it during the workshop or noted it post

factum during secondary analysis of the material gathered.

Recapitulation of the priority catalogues allocated to six Smart City sub-categories is presented in

each of six chapters reflecting the course of particular workshops (conceptual bond).

It must also be stressed that the following presentation of particular Smart City priorities is

a reflection of authors’ visions of Smart City presented by moderators of particular groups in partial

reports, with all the consequences of such a diligent reflection. Therefore, if the moderator of

a particular group and the invited experts decided to adopt a very broad, sometimes too broad (in

my opinion) Smart City concept, this has been presented below in such a form. Development priority

catalogues presented in particular chapters of this report thus differ with the level of detail,

implementation capacity, and the level of links to development priorities of Kraków Metropolitan

Area, as well as definition of Smart City adopted as binding definition, and they have been presented

below in such a way, diligently reflecting such differences.

Smart People priorities

Smart People means education for all (including universities for seniors, lifelong learning, activization

of the elderly), active NGOs, broad citizen participation, settled national and ethnic minorities, wide

access to culture.

During the discussion moderated by Mrs Bożena Pietras-Goc regarding KMA development priorities

in the Smart People category, the following important implementable areas were identified:

No. Smart People – moderator: Bożena Pietras-Goc

Priority Priority description

1 Use of human potential and social activity

Necessary active building of trust among the sectors, principally the administration and the third sector (NGOs, civic initiatives), learning partnership;

Necessary such shaping of the cooperation so as to use the synergy of activities of various centres, environments, institutions, so that the administration

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goes beyond the "silo" organisational culture; Inclusion and use of the potential of young people,

students and graduates, “young retired”, “immigrants” – namely social groups remaining outside the mainstream of the public life in the city, not being the sufficiently and creatively used resource. Proposal for establishment of a municipal hub to allow for cooperation between NGOs, administration and business.

2 Improved communication between institutions, organisations, residents and authorities.

Necessary strengthening of the communication between the authorities of the city and the region and residents;

Implementation of new systemic solutions regarding opening access, harmonisation, publication and creative, pro-development use of information resources which have so far been at the administration’s disposal;

Working out new tools for management of the existing information resources. Proposal for broader use of “Living Lab Projects” and “Hackathons” with the participation of students and municipal workers.

3 Strengthening of districts and use of social activity in this context.

Strengthening of poly-centricity of the city; Introduction of a real participatory budget.

Proposal of allocation of 20% of tasks and city budget for disposal of 150 sub-district units.

Smart People conceptual bond for the KMA The Smart People workshop presented the image that was on the one hand very general, while on the other coherent, and bringing down the analysed dimension of the Smart City concept to the postulate of increasing the municipal or metropolitan social activity as a participation tool for co-creating the Smart City. Smart city is a city full of aware people, active and strictly cooperating, on partnership terms, with public administration and the world of business. It is a city linked by dense network of multi-channel and patent interpersonal communication linking public administration and the citizens. It is a city using the potential of representatives of each segment of municipal and agglomeration’s community, also people once exposed to social exclusion. Smart City people are capable of overcoming, with joint forces, of the silo organisational culture often prevailing in public life, and at the same time implementing the idea of synergic inter-institutional, inter-sectoral, and inter-unit cooperation. These are creative people who can creatively use possibilities of open access to data regarding the city or the metropolis. These are people actively operating in their small homelands of municipal and metropolitan space, who develop poly-centricity surrounding their urban tissue.

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Expert inspirations around Smart People In her elaboration, Ms Dorota Kawęcka mentioned an inspiring – in the context of Smart People concept – initiative “Code for Poland”, which allowed to use the innovative potential of young developers of software, which facilitate day-to-day contact between citizens and the government, and the realization of public services. Thanks to a creative approach to managing public data packages, an app has been developed which help localize spent battery collection points, and an app giving information on monuments and heritage trails close to the user. In expert studies accompanying partial report on the Smart People concept, we can find the voice of Dr Krzysztof Mazur, oriented at promotion of innovative educational methods. According to Dr Mazur, smart city also means smart education, namely application of interactive parliamentary games modelled on RPG simulations and local government systems (simulation of municipality’s work, local government case studies, etc.) used for civic education. In turn, Mr Paweł Musiałek from the Centre of City Studies and Jagiellonian Club association perceives the premises of Smart People concept in an effective social consultation system based on full access to information and effective reaching of representatives of public administration to the stakeholders. According to Ms Anna Pawlina, Cracow University of Economics, we can now observe two simultaneous, global trends: urbanization and ageing of society – a smart city should answer the challenges related to those trends. In this context, Ms Pawlina looks at Krakow and states, that a good answer could be a well-organized network of universities for seniors, supporting lifelong learning and senior social integration. She underlines the fact, that a smart city properly manages the social and cultural potential of the elderly, and is senior-friendly. In the opinion of Ms Łucja Piekarska-Duraj’s from Malopolska Institute of Culture, the “smart” concept correlates to the concept of community, which in turn links to a capital of trust. For this reason, Ms Duraj appreciates small projects, which support the building of local communities, and activities aiming at developing city districts, making the city more polycentric. The metropolitan significance of Krakow could be higher, if the city played the role of a capital of a sustainable region, drawing from the diversity of heritages and traditions. According to Ms. Ewa Plinkiewicz, Director of Małopolska Non-Public Teacher Retraining Centre, intelligent young citizen should participate in games oriented at creative activity of children, which should allow for educating him/her to think and act, which will undoubtedly prove useful in adult life of a Smart City user. Mr Dominik Rogóż from Siemacha Association sees the materialization of the smart city concept in the activities of the institution he represents. The innovative forms of organizing all-day and day-and-night children an adolescent facilities it implements, stem from the observation of global trends and changing needs of city dwellers. On the basis of such observation came a vision, and later a practice of new generation facilities, functioning in shopping malls. Social activity, just as any other dimension of city functioning, should be conducted with regard to real and actual needs of citizens, in this case – young people. Mr Bartosz Szydłowski, Director of Łaźnia Nowa Theatre has not touched upon the smart city concept (nor its narrower part, Smart People) literally. However, he appreciated an important factor contributing to smart city development – creativity. He regards it as the key competence of people working in the cultural sphere, in theatre. The quality of interpersonal communication based on

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sensitivity, assertiveness is a stimulus – by supporting cultural activity – for the development of civil society.

Smart Living priorities

What is understood under Smart Living is: the developed social infrastructure (the cultural, free time,

sport offer etc.), available health care, care for public safety, and sensitivity for social exclusion or

poverty.

In the case of the workshop run by Mr Borys Czarakcziew, the group operated separately on the

following sub-categories of the Smart Living area:

Quality of residence;

Health status – social coherence;

Public safety – individual safety;

Social infrastructure – cultural, educational and social background.

During the discussion on KMA development priorities in the Smart Living category, the following

important and implementable areas were identified:

No. Smart Living – moderator: Borys Czarakcziew

Priority Priority description

Thematic area 1: public space - quality of residence

1 Building the residential area resources.

2 Open green areas and other urban areas.

Purchase of major recreation areas remaining in the private hands;

Better/innovative use of existing space resources – functional intensification of district greens management, "pocket parks" at the city centre, urban gardening, ecological fairs at squares, improving biodiversity of parks.

3 Support for Senior Housing construction.

4 Large project methodology (management model).

5

IT tools for residential resources. Implementation of participation model for public space management, involving all residents, including using IT tools – e.g. Public Participation Geographical

Information Systems (PPGIS).

6 Full revitalisation methodology.

7 Update of data about buildings and resources.

8 Optic cable infrastructure with investments to be used by the police.

9 Coverage of the most precious fragments of the city centre – Kazimierz, Podgórze, as the cultural park, as a target to be the History Monument area.

No. Thematic area: public space - health status – social coherence

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1 Forum for best practices exchange and implementation.

Implementation of best practices on the area of Kraków Metropolitan Area in healthcare, social cohesion and inclusion of persons, families and groups endangered with exclusion and subject to social exclusion;

Organisation of a web platform “forum for exchange and implementation of best practices” in healthcare, social cohesion and inclusion of persons, families and groups endangered with exclusion and subject to social exclusion.

2

Strengthening of NGO sector (activity incubator).

Strengthening of the NGO sector active in the Kraków Metropolitan Area and activation of the residents’ social participation process by organisation of "local activity incubators".

3 Identification of process participants, organisation of forums for information exchange and coordination, improved communication.

Alternative priority description: building, using state-of-the-art technologies, of constructive cooperation relationship and openness between NGO and local government sectors.

4 Promotion of a healthy lifestyle. Promotion of a healthy lifestyle among the residents of Kraków Metropolitan Area.

5 Integration of information systems on availability of healthcare services.

No. Thematic area: public space - public safety – individual safety

1 Running prevention programmes tailored to relevant target groups.

Diagnosis of the existing risk; Development, implementation together

with partners; Evaluation; Information activities.

2

Use of state-of-the-art technologies in everyday work – investments in innovation.

Organisation development by implementation of available state-of-the-art technologies;

Training system to get acquainted with the technologies implemented;

Effective use of the applied technologies and tools.

3 Experience, practice, infrastructure, information system.

Competent, complex approach of organisations to the task executed.

4 Development of the programme aimed at building confidence in police and city guards. Building confidence in uniform forces.

Prophylactic measures taken both by the Police and City Guards;

Professional execution of statutory tasks; Campaign in the media.

5

Education for the youth. “Culture at events”.

Carrying out prevention programmes, such as: “I'm a sports Fan with capital F”, “Fans and cheering – YES, pseudo-fans and aggression – NO”;

Information about legal hazards regarding devastation of building facades;

Legal education.

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6

Promotion of police measures. Information about measures taken by the Police, e.g. during events;

Campaign in the media; Education, e.g. before Euro 2012 – JU

students; Prevention measures.

No. Thematic area: public space - social infrastructure – cultural, educational and social background

1 Creation of a platform for inter-institutional communication.

2 Attraction of sport events.

3 Smart City Days as a mechanism strengthening awareness regarding development of cities – involvement of schools, museums, public events.

4 Contests for young people on linking ICT with education, culture and sports.

5

Creative activities of student groups from various specialisations (ICT, sociology, psychology, biology, etc.).

6 Drawing large scientific congresses to Kraków.

7 Initiation of a strategic discussion on cultural events.

8 Allowing for social participation in cultural events.

Smart Living conceptual bond for the KMA From the Smart Living perspective, a smart city or smart metropolis is a space of high quality of life, allowing its users for everyday functioning in good health, in a network of friendly social relations, with general and constant sense of safety, and with full access to cultural, educational and social infrastructure. A smart urban tissue is a city or metropolis offering citizens space for satisfactory recreation, such as due to availability of “pocket parks”, possibility of urban gardening, or participation in ecological fairs. It is a city that is friendly to the elderly, offering them a residential space adjusted to their needs and capabilities, a city that is friendly to persons using healthcare – by integration of information systems about service availability. It is a city giving citizens the possibility of co-creation of the surrounding space, like using the Public Participation Geographical Information Systems

(PPGIS). Finally, it is a city protecting historically and culturally valuable areas by creation of cultural parks. A smart city actively protects its citizens against social exclusion, whereas smart metropolis provides care to non-governmental organisations operating on its premises due to local activity incubators. A smart city or metropolitan space also creates the possibilities for harmonious inter-sectoral cooperation. Smart City is a safe space, owing to the use of state-of-the-art technologies and high level of mutual trust between uniform forces and the citizens. It is a space of knowledgeable citizens who can use cultural benefits of the city in a civilised manner, not colliding with the needs of other citizens. Smart Living is a living in a city or metropolitan space providing citizens many opportunities for managing their leisure time by participation in sport, scientific and cultural events. Smart Living is a living with many educational opportunities, also related to the development and co-creation of urban space, and using creativity of interdisciplinary student environments.

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Expert inspirations around Smart Living In her expert elaboration on Smart Living issues, Ms Yolanda K. Gibb points to the possible collision between the aim to develop Smart City and Smart Living, living with state-of-the-art technologies at hand, and the aim to protect and defend the privacy. State-of-the-art technologies provide for once unbelievable possibilities of controlling citizens, including the possibility of gathering their data. Mr Witold Kramarz from the Municipal Social Welfare Centre in Kraków, in turn, points out that the Smart City concept is a great challenge in the context of ageing society, disability, unemployment, and homelessness, as factors that can be a source for social exclusion, including digital exclusion. The issue of social exclusion is also mentioned by Ms Beata Ciepła from the Food Bank in Kraków. In order to counteract this phenomenon, she proposes several strategic measures: implementation of the civic budget at a broader scale, strengthening the NGO sector, active prevention of isolation of excluded persons, increased access to information on the forms of support to the people in need, needs analysis and evaluation of welfare services, as well as prophylactic measures preventing the escalation of social problems and their inheritance. Mr Romuald Loegler, PhD, talked about architecture constituted by the interaction of buildings and people, which has a chance of coming into being provided that public space is regarded by its users as friendly – in the practical, esthetic, emotional dimension. The Author emphasized that a smart city which guarantees its citizens a good quality of life should be a result of holistic, coherent city development plans. Development actions, which result in projects and realization of buildings basing only on the criterion of profit maximization, do not guarantee that. The statement by Mr Kazimierz Jurek from the European Property Institute referred to municipal housing policy as an integral element of the Smart City. This is because a smart city should satisfy citizens' housing needs due to appropriately profiled measures, projects and local decisions, considering demographic, financial, technical-organisational, land and infrastructural conditions.

Mr Jarosław Maj from the R2 Foundation pointed to the fact that nothing supports the Smart City idea better than effective resource management and their effective use. Mr Paweł Hałat from Krakowskie Stowarzyszenie Przestrzeń-Ludzie-Miasto (Kraków Association Space-People-City), PhD student of the Institute of Public Affairs at the Jagiellonian University, stresses the importance of public space valorisation, e.g. using the Project for Public Spaces (PPS) methodology. The quality of public space should be analysed in reference to its four fundamental attributes: 1) accessibility and connections, 2) social value, 3) functionality and available activities, 4) comfort of living and image of places. Inspector Tomasz Malinowski from the Malopolska Voivodeship Police Headquaters emphasized two factors ensuring proper life quality in a smart city: civic education, thanks to which citizens may take care of safety together with security services, and communication. The definition of good communication with communities, in the context of caring about safety in the city, Inspector based on the criterion of quantity and quality of communication channels available, which should also be quick, of good quality, selective, verifiable and of wide range. Officer Wojciech Chechelski, representing the Team for Criminal Prevention, Juvenile and Pathology of the Malopolska Voivodeship Police Headquaters in Krakow admitted, that a smart city is a safe city, which guarantees its citizens and guests a high quality of public safety. Safety may be provided only by joint action of all uniform services, current information exchange and support of citizens,

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coming from their law awareness and responsibility. However, it has to be emphasized that effective smart city management is possible only provided that the technical infrastructure is deeply modernized, helping the services carry out their everyday activities to make the level of safety on the city higher. Mr Kazimierz Murzyn from LifeScience Cluster Foundation spoke of ICT technology as a factor quickening the development of the metropolis. He regarded the smart city concept as a guiding principle, supporting the realization of various objectives making the life quality higher. Implementation of this objective is possible provided that citizen health is cared for, as understood by the WHO: caring for the physical, mental and social well-being of the city users. The idea of communality and the resulting readiness for joint management of space being at the communities’ disposal, has been brought by Prof. Jerzy Vetulani. He gave the example of Ezelsdijk, a district of a Dutch city Utrecht. What he observed there was a compact, collaborating community, maintaining lasting, neighborly relations which result in many joint initiatives. The idea of community, important for the materialization of the smart concept, has been treated by Prof. Vetulani as the development perspective of Krakow, provided that actions be taken (with the help of the city governors) to manage space between the streets of the old city, now being at private owners’ disposal. The target state would be, according to Prof. Vetulani, formation of arranged space for the use of the residents of nearby buildings.

Smart Environment priorities

Smart Environment is understood as sustainable resource management (water, energy, waste),

caring about clean environment and flood safety, as well as harmonized spatial planning, including

the role of green areas in the city.

In the case of the workshop moderated by Mr Leszek Michno, during the discussion the following

important and implementable Smart Environment areas were identified:

No. Smart Environment – moderator: Leszek Michno

Priority

1 Construction of a network of car parks at communication nodes.

2 Extension of cycling path network and additional infrastructure related to this means of transport.

3 Development of the tram network.

4 Leading the vehicle traffic out of the city centre and development of public transport, pedestrian and cycling routes.

5 Rendering the public transport system more attractive to increase its share in transport.

6 Implementation and execution of the adopted policies in the area of sustainable transport, air quality, e.g. in line with the Charter of Brussels, city development strategy.

7 Implementation of the “smog resolution”.

8 Adoption of the low emissions strategy by the city authorities.

9 Development of municipal district heating network to reduce low emissions.

10 Pilot investments – thorough thermal retrofit.

11 Calculation, using the ecosystem service method, of the value of green areas and transferring it to spatial planning and green areas buyout.

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12 Establishment of river parks for recreation, but also for flood prevention and improvement of natural environment conditions (re-naturalisation).

13 Treating the nature (flora, fauna, habitats) as a resource/capital through a programme of buying out environmentally valuable areas, plus introduction of land stewardship, namely supporting and encouragement of private owners to protect the natural environment.

14 Development of green areas as multifunctional spaces for city functioning, e.g. as greenways.

15 Setting the minimum area of greens as at least 20% for each urban unit.

16 Establishment of an information point for residents about their possibility of contributing to the improvement of air quality. Information about possible subsidies e.g. for replacement of the heating system to pro-ecological solutions, about protective system – at one place with everyday access for citizens.

17 Adoption by the city authorities of “minimum” tasks in the environmental area (e.g. boying areas for parks) and entering them in long-term financial forecasts and budgeting plans, not as amounts, but as a percentage.

Smart Environment conceptual bond for the KMA

When analysing the environmental aspect of Smart City, we can notice that the area is constituted by three fundamental strategic lines of smart environment protection: transport (related to optimisation of the transport system), recreation (related to the use of green areas), and – broadly speaking – aim to achieve possibly clean air in the city. In the first case, the focus is on promotion of good transport solutions for the municipal and agglomeration tissue, and for their residents. Smart City in this aspect is a city with car parks located at transport nodes, crossed with a network of cycling paths, with a developed tram network. It is a city the centre of which is dominated by public transport, bicycles and pedestrians, not cars. On the other hand, a smart city is a city taking care of greens, treated as a resource worth strategic investments, a multifunctional resource, sometimes as a result of re-naturalization, as in the case of river parks, which also function as protection against flood. Smart Environment means the care for good quality of air in the city, such as by development and implementation of “smog resolutions” and programmes aimed at reducing low emissions; it also means providing citizens with full access to information on the possibilities of their contribution to cleaning the air in the city, e.g. using the popular trend of using network heat and/or thorough thermal retrofit of buildings.

Expert inspirations around Smart Environment

For Mr Jan Adam Barański from the Development Department of the City of Kraków, Smart City is a well-planned, well-designed city, responding to the needs of its residents, but also an economic city, economical in operation, a coherent city with rich, multifunctional spatial structure, which affects the comfort of living and usage. Przemysław Szwałko DSc Eng from the Environmental Formation Department of the City of Kraków appreciates the importance of the Environmental Programme adopted for Kraków in 2012. Among

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the priorities listed therein, the major priority identified the achievement of the required standards of air quality, as well as use of the potential of nature, greens and spa to improve the quality of life for residents, rendering Kraków more attractive, and for its sustainable development. The aforementioned parameters perfectly match the Smart City concept. According to Mr Stanisław Deńko, architect, member of SARP Polish architects association and Chamber of Polish architects (IARP), the Smart Environment concept has been implemented in one of Kraków areas, namely “Kraków City Park” residential and services complex in Zakrzówek District in Kraków, executed in 2009. The solutions adopted there included: separation from the entire area and protection of parks (approx. 87 ha) and giving them the nature of safe and attractive aesthetic utility form, with protection and use of unique landscape and environmental values, linking the park with the nearest currently urbanised residential environment, and creation of attractive pedestrian/cycling routes, as well as limited notoriousness of roads for vehicles. Mr Wiesław Wańkowicz, PhD, from the Institute of Urban Development perceives the Smart City concept in the area of environment by focusing on two pragmatic issues: management sphere, including establishment of local regulations, spatial planning and social participation, as well as implementation of mechanisms for implementation, including specification of sources and rules for financing projects. In his opinion, when the object of resource management is the environment/urban space, and the managing entities include all residents and users of the city, including the local government, then we deal with materialisation of the Smart Environment concept. Mr Andrzej Guła, representing the Kraków Smog Alarm, believes that Kraków may become a Smart City on condition of dealing with the problem of severe air pollution. For this purpose, one should: ban the use of solid fuels (coal, wood) for heating apartments, perform thermal retrofit of houses (particular single-family dwellings) with the support of the city authorities, provide residents with access to information and state-of-the-art support regarding environment protection, including replacement of heating sources, and promote changes to the lifestyle related to transport and heating. The importance of thermal retrofit and assurance of top energy efficiency at the new building

construction phase was discussed by Mr Tomasz Pyszczek, representing the company Architektura

Pasywna Pyszczek i Stelmach sp.j. In this case, Smart Environment is achieved by reducing the

demand for energy for heating purposes by as much as 90% (thermal retrofit), and by construction of

passive buildings, namely such which through appropriately shaped form and distribution of

windows, as well as high isolation factor and air-tight partitions, as well as ventilation system with

heat recovery, use solar energy and internal heat gains for heating purposes.

Mr Paweł Augustynek-Halny focused on the vision of re-naturalization of rivers as a state-of-the-art

solution which, on the one hand, serves to improve residents’ quality of life, while on the other – to

improve their safety by protecting a particular area against flood. The concept of re-

naturalisation/revitalisation of rivers includes a number of measures related to restoring the natural

or awarding semi-natural nature to the river bed, or even entire river valley. The problem noticed in

Kraków of the lack of easy and direct access to the river is the source of lower quality of life – due to

lack of a bathing space at the city centre, translates to lack of interest with the river’s problems –

treating it as a duct instead of an ecosystem, and finally - to fear of the water, even if it is clean.

Mr Paweł Hałat, representing the Kraków Association Space-People-City, PhD student of the Institute

of Public Affairs at the Jagiellonian University, points to the multi-functionality of urban greens as an

important aspect of Smart Environment. And these have, among others, the following functions:

ecological (foundation for preserving biological and landscape-related diversity of cities), social

(improved living conditions), recreational (parks, urban forests, green squares, ecological sites, and

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other protected public areas), economic (by reducing the costs of city functioning, e.g. related to

protection against flood or improved air quality, and by affecting the value of properties, as well as

being attractive for residential and investment purposes), and finally - the function of supporting

tourism, as recreational areas are also a tourist attraction and can form a pillar for the city’s

economy. Providing the city with a sufficient volume of greens will also constitute one of its

competitive advantages.

Ms Małgorzata Małochleb, representing the Alliance of Associations Polish Green Network, points

out that a smart city is a city of responsible consumption and responsible waste management.

Consumption means, among others, the need for daily satisfying nutritional needs, which in the

European Union alone generates vast production of waste, which should not only be utilised, but

previously should be recycled or upcycled. First of all, focus should be at trying to minimise

generation of waste which must be handled later.

Mr Michał Olszewski approached the Smart Environment concept from the utility point of view,

illustrating usefulness of the programme supporting Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which resembles a

very complex story within a story model. In this way, everything can be analysed: batteries for car

battery, sewerage pipes, but also events that are more difficult to calculate, such as running a craft

workshop. LCA allows for determining, or rather calculating, what environmental impact is related to

each human action: eating ice-cream, selection of diapers, or using an Internet cafe.

For Mr Rafał Serafin from the Environmental Partnership Foundation, Smart City is a city where one

comfortably lives and works, as clean environment is treated as foundation for economic

development, not just as a nice addition to it. It is a city where every “user” takes the responsibility

for minimising their negative environmental impact and gets actively involved in measures oriented

at: improving mobility (namely more effective transport of people and goods in the city), improving

access to local, tasty food (namely propagation of gardening in the city, procurement directly from

farmers), reduced environmental impact of buildings (namely improving their energy efficiency,

reduced emissions, minimisation of waste generated, greater level of recycling and reduced water

consumption), and finally – respect for natural resources (natural ecosystems, with their fauna and

flora).

Mr Kazimierz Walasz, PhD, from the Confederation for the Future of Kraków “Cracovia Urbs

Europea”, believes that in order to properly shape the landscape and natural resources so as to

improve the living standard of the KMA residents, one should: make an inventory of landscape and

natural resources, develop the network of land ecological corridors to link the facilities in the

inventory, perform valorisation of landscape, natural resources and ecological corridors, valuate the

recognised natural resources using the ecosystem services method, determine the owners of

environmentally valuable areas, perform market valuation of areas for which natural and landscape

values have been defined as important to the residents of the KMA, develop long-term plan of

purchasing areas with environmental value and ecological corridors, introduce the protection of

recognised landscape and environmental values in the local plans and studies on municipal

development, and publish educational materials presenting landscape and environmental values of

the KMA showing the need for their protection to improve the residents’ living standard. Moreover,

one should launch the programmes on ecological education.

Mr Krzysztof Słysz, PhD, from the Institute of Urban Development pointed to high importance of

flood prevention policy as an important factor to the development of the Smart Environment

conceptual area. Anti-flood preventive measures can be brought down to three slogans: spatial

planning and spatial management, water construction, and improved social awareness of the risk of

flood. Such understood strategic goal is related to such tasks as: lack of reduction to the area of lands

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with favourable impact on natural surface impoundment, increasing the impoundment capacity by

small retention tanks, assuring patency of river beds by deepening, cutting out trees, bank

conservation, execution of load-relief channels (e.g. Kraków Channel), aim at discharging

precipitation waters to the ground at the place of their generation, adoption of the principle of

superiority of flood prevention over other functions of multifunctional reservoirs, execution of load-

relief reservoirs (possible with pumping stations) at rain water collection ducts.

Smart Economy priorities

What is understood under Smart Economy is: advanced entrepreneurship and diverse, dynamic labor

market, a well-planned economic structure of the city (including key industries), tourism, economic

promotion and pro-investment policy and innovation policy, meaning – a close link between the

elements of smart city and the local economy.

In the case of the workshop moderated by Mr Marcin Kędzierski, during the discussion the following

important and implementable Smart Economy areas were identified:

No. Smart Economy moderator: Marcin Kędzierski

Priority Priority description

1 Improved spatial planning. It is necessary to cover the remaining 40% city area with the plan.

2 Improved transport and public transport.

Lack of sufficient public transport at the KMA;

Unbalanced modal structure of transport; Lack of use of rail network and railway

transport; Lack of coordinator for public transport.

3 Optimisation of public services. At present, there is no monitoring of public service efficiency.

4 Effective controlling.

Establishment of an effective and integrated system supporting the processes of strategic and operational management of economic policy of the city would allow to eliminate the lack of long-term and clear objectives of the city in the areas important to the economy;

The system for controlling economic processes will allow for a more efficient use of the synergy effect, which is lost by the city by carrying out non-integrated measures (e.g. dispersed activities dealing with business promotion);

Lack of centralised controlling.

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5 Development of tools for inter-sectoral cooperation;

It is necessary to quickly and actively develop the forms of cooperation between the representatives of the city and the entity building the economic potential of Kraków, namely residents, businesses, tourists. Lack of such tools causes lack of understanding for companies' needs, and as a result lack of effective support in their competitiveness building. An obstacle here can be formed by conflict of interests of various groups;

Lack of common offers and tools supporting the cooperation of residents, companies and tourists.

6 Increase in the number and availability of e-services.

Insufficient digitalisation of public services and making them available externally;

Lack of sufficient number of e-government services.

Smart Economy conceptual bond for the KMA Smart City in the economic dimension is an optimised city, as well as a city smartly managed, which means according to the plan, with orientation at specific goals and means for their achievement, using a set of instruments in the area of e-government services. The economic urban tissue means the space covered with local plans, and thus optimally managed according to the plan. The agglomeration compliant with the Smart City concept is linked with a network of thought-over connections of spatial inter-municipality transport based on rail transport, to the extent adjusted to the needs and capabilities of residents of particular municipalities. Economic urban space is also achieved owing to the monitoring of public service efficiency, system for controlling of economic processes, and principally harmonious coexistence and cooperation between public administration and residents, companies and tourists.

Expert inspirations around Smart Economy

Mrs Kamilla Banasik-Brudny from the Employers Union of Małopolska Lewiatan presented the vision

of a smart city as a centre managed in a modern, economical and effective manner, fully using the

development of innovative technologies, principally in the area of IT and communication, joining

state-of-the-art technical solutions with the traditional infrastructure. Owing to this smart city

becomes a modern place caring for improvement of the comfort of living and the surrounding

natural environment. To achieve this, it is necessary to apply solutions offered by innovative

companies using the latest scientific achievements and to implement them in the everyday public

utility sphere. This is also encouraged by developed skilful cooperation between the administration

and business. In this context, the key barrier inhibiting the development of Smart Economy is the lack

of mutual trust, cooperation, and hermetic approach of institutions in the business environment. This

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is also attributed to local authorities, clusters for the business, technological parks, entrepreneurship

incubators, capital funds, as well as labour offices, schools or universities, as well as entrepreneurs

themselves.

Mr Łukasz Mamica, PhD, from the University of Economics in Kraków discussed the Smart Economy

concept in the aspect of Kraków’s smart specialisations. The first important dilemma regarding the

choice of smart specialisations is their number. On the one hand, one should focus on the areas with

high development opportunities based on the existing human and institutional resources and posing

opportunities for achievement of relative advantage over the surroundings, particularly in the

international context. At the same time, one must not forget about the importance of smart

specialisations in the context of employment created by such sectors, or export capabilities. At

present, in Kraków, seven such specialisations are considered, including: life sciences, sustainable

energy, information and communication technologies (including multimedia), power electronics and

machine industry, production of metals and metal products (except for machinery and equipment),

chemistry and creative industries.

The paper by Mr Tomasz Geodecki from the University of Economics in Kraków referred to the

average income trap. Despite the fact that Kraków is soon to achieve the average European level in

the aspect of residents prosperity, in the context of metropolitan aspect of Smart Economy, we must

not forget that Kraków is not a lonely island – it has its metropolitan area, and is also the main centre

of the Małopolska region. Therefore, it must take responsibility for sustainable development of the

entire region.

Mr Jacek Adamczyk, representing MARR S.A., spoke about Smart City pro-investment policy. A city

attractive to investors takes care of such parameters as: technical infrastructure (specified and well-

prepared areas – investment offers, effective and state-of-the-art public transport, relevant

provisions in the spatial development plans, procedures related to investments and business

activities), as well as "social" infrastructure, including phenomena at the local labour market,

availability of required employees, public opinion's attitude to the investment, conditions, and

quality of life in the agglomeration.

Mr Michał Wojtulewicz from Astor Sp. z o.o. stated that Smart City should be involved in creation of

universal data repositories, gathered in a continuous manner. The common format in which they are

available gives the possibility of involving third parties to create software and applications using such

data. The analysis of data collected by various forces, and correlation of data from various sources

should allow for identification of areas where savings can be achieved. The very presentation of data

launches economic thinking and bottom-up rationalisation initiatives. If they are used, also the city’s

services could perceive areas where improvement would bring the greatest economic benefit.

Mr Cezary Ulasiński from CDS Strategic Consulting Centre focused on building the tourist offer of the

city/region as the foundation for Smart Economy. He asked a question: do Kraków and Małopolska

sell what they have the best? And do they sell it in a wise, package/synergic way? While answering

these questions, he perceived the following barriers: lack of clear strategic priorities, long-term

thinking about tourism linking external trends and local resources; lack of cooperation, joint action of

major tourist players (everyone plays separately), risk to one of the most valuable tourist resources

of the city - climate, atmosphere, the source of which are the residents of the city. The present

tourist offer is entirely addressed to visitors, while omitting residents who are pushed out from key

places in Kraków.

Mr Robert Guzik, PhD, from the Institute of Geography and Spatial Management at the Jagiellonian

University stressed multidimensional impact of the development of tourism in a city aspiring to be

referred to as Smart City. The economic impact of tourism is much broader than just jobs and income

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directly related to it. It is of major significance to three important elements: residents’ quality of life,

attractiveness for investments, and the image of the city. Tourism affects these elements by creating

demand for transport accessibility, demand for gastronomic services, hotel services, commercial

services, etc., as well as by contributing to recognisability of the city’s name, and positive

associations with it. What is also important is the fact that tourism contributes to the development of

local entrepreneurship or positively affects the development and functioning of the real property

market.

Mr Ireneusz Wójcik, representing Creative GIS Solutions, discussed barriers which, in his opinion,

limit the purchase of SMART solutions by local government units. He pointed to external limitations

– all the measures taken by higher administration authorities or companies affecting the course of

procurement and contract award, as well as internal factors - with its source directly at the offices.

Among the latter, he listed: resistance to whatever is new, lack of awareness of benefits from

implementing innovative solutions, fear about losing jobs (new technologies facilitate the process of

issuing administrative decisions, which causes fear that the job will be cancelled in future), as well as

lack of qualifications for proper assessment of the solutions presented and development of

appropriate specification of the expected product.

Ms Karolina Perrin, representing Design Attack, stressed that, in the coming decade, Kraków will face

significant challenges now observed in the Western Europe, namely growing cultural and social

differences due to immigration, and reduced financing from the EU funds. One of the solutions to

support social stability is to improve the competitiveness of SMEs by development of intelligent

cooperation networks. The still noticeable very low social capital in Kraków and inability to build

greater structures based on trust rendered it difficult to coordinate activities and achieve benefits

from cooperation among companies, as well as in the public-private partnership. This vision is now

contradicted by young people who willingly co-create cooperation networks and build communities

around new technologies and innovations.

Smart Mobility priorities

Smart Mobility is: organized public transport in the city and the metropolitan area, walking and

cycling in the city, high-quality roads and modern traffic control systems, as well as high availability of

transport in Krakow and the KMA.

In the case of the meeting moderated by Mr Łukasz Franek, during the discussion, the following

important and implementable Smart Mobility areas were identified:

NO. Smart Mobility moderator: Łukasz Franek

Priority Priority description

1 Strong organiser of public transport in the agglomeration area.

Present lack of such an authority is one of the basic causes for weakness of the transport system in the KMA, as indicated in the SWOT analysis;

Its initiation and appropriate strengthening in the organisational and legislative aspect could affect many tasks defined in the SWOT matrix as opportunities, for example for: development of Fast Agglomeration

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Railway, integration of the means of transport, principally including tariff integration, improved transport availability of Kraków;

It is important that in the planning process and establishment of the institution, its goals should include provisions about the need to implement tools strengthening SMART potential in the agglomeration;

Development of agglomeration railway system and the market of private road transport in the agglomeration and the region (mainly bus vans) is the great challenge to the regional government who, According to the law, is the authority managing public transport in the agglomeration and the region;

The key task for building the SMART position of public transport in the KMA is to organise the entity in charge of such transport services who, on condition of effective structure, thought-over in the SMART aspect, and the scope of responsibilities and allocated legislative rights, could form a strong basis for public transport management and achievement of results affecting high assessment of the system innovative nature. Such an entity could be formed by the Regional Transport Management, planned by the Marshal Office of the Małopolska Region, on condition of considering the goals of SMART strategy for the KMA.

2 Implementation of the open data concept.

An important problem pointed to during the discussion of participants is the access to data about the transport system in the agglomeration, particularly in the source form;

Lack of studies, lack of access to some data, and too low frequency of their gathering cause the need of relying in analysis on obsolete information, or information with significant errors;

While searching for proposals to improve this status, the implementation of open data concept was proposed, namely general free access to data acquired from public funds.

3 Implementation of ITS friendly to cyclists and pedestrians.

Intelligent Transport Systems (principally IT tools applied in traffic control signalling, signs with variable contents, traffic

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identification systems, etc.) constitute an increasing area of measures in construction and modernisation of transport system, principally in large cities, and to a lesser degree also on regional roads;

While planning the SMART_KOM strategy, these must be considered, while absolutely remembering that their fundamental goal should be to improve the quality, safety and efficiency of pedestrian, cycling and public transport system, while not just to improve the throughput of streets in the context of vehicle traffic.

4 Implementation of a coherent and complete system of cycling paths across Kraków, with the supplementary infrastructure.

The SMART concept does not only mean IT tools or management, but also solutions allowing for free and ecologically clean method of moving in agglomeration areas, which additionally significantly affects the improvement in health of its residents, and thus their quality of life;

According to many urban planners and experts in transport, there comes the end of motor area in cities, and in the perspective of over a decade residents can expect access not to broad streets dedicated to vehicles, but to the infrastructure allowing them to move using bicycles, which are the most effective means of transport in the city;

SMART transport system should be ready for such changes, therefore it is so important to implement a coherent system of cycling paths to allow for travelling among all districts of the city, and the supplementary infrastructure (parking sites, priorities in traffic, etc.).

5 Implementation of an integrated tariff system in the form of one agglomeration or regional card.

One common ticket to allow for travelling across the agglomeration is the basic tool for selection of a means of transport other than a car. Such a system must be user-friendly, transparent and passenger-oriented, so as not to force passengers to wonder about unimportant issues to passengers (e.g. which carrier operates on a particular route);

A globally applied solution is one common agglomeration card that integrates payment for travelling with various means of transport.

6 Extension of pedestrian-only zones at city centres (also in smaller towns).

Our need for contact with other people and observation of the surroundings can only

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be met by organisation of pedestrian-friendly spaces which - considering comfort and safety, means reduction or elimination of vehicle traffic;

Kraków has the longest street zone worldwide where vehicle traffic has been closed (with limited access for deliveries or selected users), opening them exclusively to pedestrians and partly for cyclists. This solution should be developed and introduced in other smaller towns in the KMA, where problems with excessive crowd, which is destructive to the urban tissue, are similar.

7 Extension of lanes allocated exclusively to public transport.

Awarding priority for public transport in the city’s streets is the basic and very effective strengthening of its functionality and quality, hence it is necessary to further develop such solutions as separate lanes for trams and busses, even at the cost of car traffic, to guarantee elimination of time losses due to crowd in the streets, and improved safety.

8 Greater role of social education to improve knowledge on SMART MOBILITY.

While planning and executing various tools and ideas in the area of SMART MOBILITY, one cannot expect self-learning by their later users, hence it is very important to simultaneously inform about and explain the goals and intentions of their authors;

It is also necessary to provide broad education on sustainable mobility in schools and nurseries.

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Smart Mobility conceptual bond for the KMA What characterizes the city or agglomeration covered with intelligent system for managing mobility of its residents? Principally this is about good organisation of public transport using the potential of Quick Agglomeration Rail and private agglomeration and regional carriers. Smart Mobility also means Intelligent Transport Systems (traffic control, sign control) friendly to cyclists and pedestrians, optimised cycling path systems, developed pedestrian-only zones at city centres, and omnipresent lanes exclusively for public transport. Smart space user can use one ticket to allow for moving across the entire agglomeration without the need for paying for the use of particular separate means of transport. It is also an educated user, aware of opportunities resulting from the implementation of the Smart Mobility concept in the city and agglomeration.

Expert inspirations around Smart Mobility

In his expert elaboration on Smart Mobility, Mr Krzysztof Gałat found that an intelligent metropolis is

an area with an integrated urban, regional and intercity transport. An example of the challenges

associated with the idea of Smart Mobility is, according to the Author, the creation of the Malopolska

Agglomeration Card, which would become a common platform of an electronic ticket for the

development of rail transport services throughout Malopolska in conjunction with public transport in

Krakow and Tarnow. However, it cannot play this role properly, due to the lack of work aimed at the

integration of tariffs.

Mr Marcin Hyła from City for Bicycles points out that Smart Technology is not always High Tech

Technology. In his interpretation, Smart Technology means principally the following: design – in the

understanding of ergonomics, not just aesthetics, material technology: durability, lightness, strength

and/or other required properties, ecology: energy savings and low emissions calculated for the entire

product lifecycle, economics: low investment, operation and utilisation costs (total cost of

ownership), and value added, which is of key importance to the user: streamlining the pattern of

moving around the city. In this context, a bicycle is the device meeting all the above requirements,

therefore its use as a means of transport in smart city should be promoted.

Mr Maciej Górnikiewicz from Altrans Laboratory for Planning and Designing Transport Systems

presented the vision of sustainable development of transport meeting the requirements of Smart

Mobility. He stressed the importance of preference for the means of public transport and for

pedestrian and cyclist traffic, as well as control of individual transport by introduction of limitations

to access to selected city areas. He also pointed out that one must aim at reducing the demand for

vehicle traffic by e.g. control of parking places supply or accessibility of selected areas. At the same

time, such measures must be compensated for by improving the attractiveness of public transport

system, as well as pedestrian and cycling traffic.

For Mr Arkadiusz Kołoś from the Institute of Geography and Spatial Management at the Jagiellonian

University, Smart City is principally a city that is accessible. Accessibility is not a property of a place by

itself, but rather a relation defined by indication of places between which it is measured, pointing to

the user and means of transport. It is measured in various scales (e.g. global – national – regional –

local). A measure of accessibility can be: distance, travelling time or cost of travelling. When

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analysing the problem of accessibility more thoroughly, one should consider its important factors,

such as natural barriers, distribution of population and settlements, existence and quality of

infrastructure, quality and number of means of transport, as well as transport policy implemented.

From this perspective, Kraków is characterised with good accessibility by roads, and poor accessibility

by rail.

Ms Katarzyna Nosal from the Institute of Road and Rail Engineering at the Kraków University of

Technology pointed to the consciously created in KMA policy for reducing the demand for travelling

by cars as a priority tool for achieving sustainable urban mobility. One must aim at increasing the

share of journeys by public transport, on foot and by bicycle. The objective of the policy is not,

however, to completely eliminate journeys by individual means of transport, but encouraging a more

reasonable - Smart – use of such forms of travelling, e.g. using the car exclusively when other means

of transport cannot be chosen, or joint use of one vehicle by several people within carpooling or

carsharing systems.

Mr Rafał Petryniak, PhD, from LavaVision chose a similar direction, showing how far from Smart

Mobility concept is the use of cars in urban space in an unplanned manner. Cars at city centres are

used on average by 1.08 hour per day, while they are parked in the remaining time. Use of private

cars for 5% of the day, while in the remaining time they probably block urban space, seems not

optimal solution, as compared to public transport rendering its services in a continuous manner.

Another comparison is very illustrative: one moving car needs as much space as 5 cyclists, 8 tram

passengers, and even 30 passengers of railway or underground.

Mr Wiesław Wańkowicz, PhD, from the Institute of Urban Development proposes that, in the context

of Smart Mobility implementation, the following principle should be used: Learn Understand

Think Design Consistently implement. He also lists priorities to strategic thinking and action in

line with the Smart City concept, including: priority 1: connect spatial planning and planning of

transport systems; priority 2: aim at changing the transport policy of the city and metropolitan area,

going away from traditional and sustainable model towards mobility management model considering

both measures implemented and future measures. It is necessary to stabilise the city's polity towards

achieving the mobility management model also in the area of investment plans.

Mr Tadeusz Syryjczyk, representing TOR Business Consultants Team, discussed the potential

development of Quick Agglomeration Railway in the context of Smart Mobility, an optimal approach

to its planning and design. It is good to know first what the transport needs actually are, what

passenger stream can be expected by public transport, how many people can be encouraged to use

public transport, what to do to effectively prefer rail, and how large the passenger stream should be

and can be taken over by it. It is also worth stressing that the related data gathered are variable, as

settlement network, population density, job concentration and residential concentration change, as

well as the importance and quality of private and public transport other than railway, which must

also be accounted for while planning the Quick Agglomeration Railway.

Smart Governance priorities

What is understood under Smart Governance is: maximizing the transparency of decision-making

processes, public consultations, developed participatory budgeting, perspective strategic thinking

and planning, implementation of e-governance concept, and the wide use of open data.

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In the case of the meeting moderated by Mr Jan Filip Staniłko, during the discussion, the following

important and implementable Smart Governance areas were identified:

NO. Smart Governance moderator: Jan Staniłko

Priority Priority description

1 Implementation of e-services. Designing of IT solutions for e-administration in such a way that they are services, not just digitalisation of existing procedures;

IT tools should support processes comprising a complete service, not being just digitalisation of bureaucratic document flow.

2 Participation baskets (minor city information, education, transport).

3 Greater involvement of user experience specialists in development of e-administration.

4 Improved knowledge about the possibilities of using big data.

5 Implementation of social negotiation methodology in administration.

6 Standardisation of services for disabled users.

Smart Governance conceptual bond for the KMA Smart governance principally means giving citizens tools that will actually make their lives easier, namely real e-services developed on the basis of tests of user values of particular IT systems. Smart Governance also means meeting the needs of disabled citizens. Smart city is a city providing citizens with information and gathering information from citizens in a harmonious and continuous manner; it is an organism close to the citizens of the city and the agglomeration.

Expert inspirations around Smart Governance

Mr Robert Chrabąszcz from Małopolska School of Public Administration at Kraków University of

Economics presented a tool for performing a reliable strategic diagnosis on the part of public

administration offices. The tool allowing for identification of areas requiring strategic decision and

their priority setting. Priority setting is still one of the fundamental weaknesses of the strategic

planning system at central, regional and local levels. This is a challenge for almost all public

administration units, including, in particular, local governments in big cities. The essence of mapping

strategic areas is the strategic analysis and identification of priority areas within a public organisation

by identification of measures along two strategic axes: satisfaction and importance.

Mr Adam Kałucki from Locativo points out that in order for the KMA to develop, one must clearly

determine the interdependencies between the KMA and Kraków, namely between the metropolitan

area and its central city. Residents should have a clear message of what metropolis is, what tangible

benefits it can bring to them, and what its impact is on their everyday lives. A citizen aware of the

importance of the KMA is a conscious user of metropolitan space.

Mr Łukasz Krupa, councillor of Kraków Poviat, referred to the concept of participatory budget as a

foundation for Smart City in the aspect of co-creating urban status by its users. A very important

factor for correct functioning of the participation system is its constant presence of in the budgeting

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calendar particular local governments, and tasks executed within such budget must be included in

the long-term financial plan of a particular unit. As regards SMART_KOM, smart Kraków Metropolitan

Area, one must also account for the suburban area including municipalities near Kraków. The

problem of distribution of funds in urban municipalities and urban-rural municipalities is, however,

different. One must appreciate the fact that in most municipalities, commune leader offices

(sołectwo) and housing estate managers (in urban areas) are auxiliary units for local governments,

who have long been distributing funds allocated to them according to their needs.

The role of participatory budget was also discussed by Mr Michał Dulak from the Centre of City

Studies, who pointed to functions this tool can perform in the smart city life. Citizen budget is also an

educational tool – by pressure on participation and unlimited access to information, residents learn

about local governance and mechanics of public policies in the city; it is a tool for redistribution – one

of several ways for spending/investing public funds, apart from such methods as subsidies for

districts, open offer contests, etc.; it is finally a tool for development – a way for including residents

in a true political community in the city.

Mr Krzysztof Madejski, from e-State Foundation, points to the role of open access to data in smart

governance of the city. There are several definitions of open data, yet they all point to the same core

properties on which the idea of open code, open hardware and open resources are based. The

ideological base of such “openness” is equal, unlimited access: possibility of making available and

processing data on urban space, and strongly community-based process of their co-creation. It is

worth stressing that handling generally accessible data also provides for transparency of public

processes.

Access to data was also discussed by Mr Michał Drewnicki, councillor from District XV Mistrzejowice,

yet from a slightly different perspective. He claims that in order to achieve smart public governance,

public administration should not stop with just making the data available. Technical possibility of

their use is just a starting point; whether the date will begin to work for the benefit of the community

depends on creativity in the community. Therefore, public administration should establish, indirectly

and directly (using relevant stimuli), broad partnerships between sectors, oriented at research and

development, as related to the use of open data. Only interdisciplinary thinking within relative

independence can lead to innovative ideas for improving the quality of existing public services; or

creating entirely new service solutions, which will translate to better quality of life for citizens.

Also Mr Jan Strycharz regards the transparency of actions taken by public authorities as an integral

part of the smart city concept. However, the modern meaning of transparency is not only the

transparency of public authority and management of public funds or public insight in management

actions. It is also publishing data, collected and archived by the public administration. Such

information may find new usages, other than for which they were collected. Therefore, access to the

data should be made easier, and information about their nature should be made public, so that they

be used to implement multiple social, economic and political objectives.

Mrs Diana Pietruch-Reizes, PhD, from the Jagiellonian University points to the role of knowledge

management while building the ground for Smart Governance. Public governance with the

participation of social entities, characterised with transparency of actions, high quality and access to

public services. In the literature on contemporary governance concepts, there are many visions

applicable in public administration governance, including: New Public Management (NPM),

Knowledge Management (KM), Total Quality Management (TQM), Quality Management System

(QMS). Among the concepts listed, Knowledge Management (KM) is of particular importance in KMA

public governance, principally due to the significant role of knowledge in the context of development

of e-governance services.

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Mr Marcin Kwaśny, representing Active Citizens Foundation, appreciates that Kraków has developed

the participation model of public space management, owing to which both the study and local spatial

development plans are developed with broad participation of residents. Under the pressure of social

organisations, the City of Kraków for some time has been performing public consultations that go

significantly beyond the statutory framework. Residents take part in the planning process from the

very beginning of the planning procedure, namely from determining the borders of the plan and

objectives it is to serve. Such a model makes the presentation of the document for public viewing in

fact a confirmation of the results of consultations that take as long as necessary.

Ms Anna Popek from New Motivations points to the fact that smart city, in the governance aspect,

resembles a connected vessels system. Specificity of measures related to Smart Governance is based

on the theory of systems assuming that a change to one system directly or indirectly affects other

systems. The author also stressed the importance of information feedback for smart governance of

the city. If a public institution is to serve citizens, residents of particular city, it should be open to

their opinions and needs. Another element of the information cycle is necessary, where the

organisation changes under the influence of social opinion, so as to act and cooperate with the

society in the best manner. In turn, provision of information to the society on how decisions are

made within the organisation assures transparency of decisions made.

Mr Rafał Sowiński from the Institute of Logistics and Warehousing of Electronic Business Centre

considered e-services as a foundation for Smart City governance. For this reason, while developing

the development strategy of Kraków agglomeration, significant attention should be given to building

and making available electronic services to be used by entrepreneurs and citizens. In order for e-

services implementation to be harmonious, it is necessary to: support training initiatives within

which IT specialists from particular offices will have the opportunity of obtaining individual help and

learning about implementation of e-services, include employees in charge in e-service development

process; understanding the complexity of preparation of the electronic version of forms increases the

involvement of the persons in charge at the phase of preparing the form of the official document,

owing to which at later phases there is no need for time-consuming adjustments to ready electronic

forms, and selection and cooperation with offices and office workers open to changes. Owing to such

procedure, operating “e-administration islands” will be created. Offices that are sceptical about e-

services will join the process of e-administration development in time.

Smart City – the integrated approach

The workshop meeting with the participation of all moderators of particular Smart City thematic

groups became an opportunity for exchanging remarks between the leaders of particular groups and

other participants, as well as for confrontation of the points of view of a particular solution perceived

from various perspectives marked by six problem areas related to Smart City.

Owing to this meeting, the problems of Smart City were perceived by the users as even more

coherent and connected with a system of many logical links between visions within conceptual

aspects of Smart People, Smart Living, Smart Environment, Smart Economy, Smart Mobility and

Smart Governance.

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It was noted that many projects discussed so far (and treated as priorities) originally allocated to one

of the aforementioned themes have horizontal nature, similarly as the very concept of Smart City.

Owing to the workshop meeting, a number of Smart City development priorities was exposed, which

– independently – were pointed to participants of particular thematic workshops. These included the

following postulates:

increasing the scope and range of social participation;

broader use of e-governance tools;

building of multifunctional urban spaces;

optimisation of transport system as a bond for urban tissue.

Smart City in the eyes of the KMA

territorial government units

During the workshops with the participation of leaders from local government units of KMA municipalities, among the items discussed previously in the project, four Smart City thematic areas were identified with the greatest conceptual potential in the context of smart thinking about the agglomeration. These included:

Communication and coordination among institutions and sectors; Agglomeration transport; Digitalisation of services; Multifunctional green areas.

The workshop was executed using the methodology inspired with the World Cafe technique: participants worked in groups on a particular issue, and then all representatives of the group, except for moderators of group work, changed the groups to supplement the material developed by their predecessors. In this way, the works were conducted in line with the principle of accumulating knowledge and concepts. In the thematic area: communication and coordination among institutions and sectors, the following proposals were worked out:

NO. Communication and coordination among institutions and sectors

Priority

1 Determination of the function of Kraków Metropolis association supporting the execution of Integrated Territorial Investments. Determination of principles for operation, range of operation, procedures, principles for office functioning (rights, size and model for representation of particular institutions), determination of the function of the association other than coordination of Integrated Territorial Investments: transport, economy, environment protection, common tenders, culture, tourism (here – building the offer reaching outside Kraków, using green areas and local attractions).

2 Cooperation between municipalities using Local Activity Groups, as well as forums for inter-

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municipal cooperation at MISTIA, informal forums, forming the platform for exchanging experiences, searching for areas for cooperation. High significance of GOPS and MARR in coordination of inter-municipal cooperation.

3 Organisation of mobile inter-municipal consultations e.g. using expert visits in particular municipalities.

4 Organisation of inter-municipal Investor Service Centres, generating cooperation instead of competition.

5 Organisation of mobile career consulting in cooperation with the university sector.

6 Establishment of NGOs with supra-municipal importance, arrangement of cooperation forum between NGOs from various municipalities, building communication channels between NGOs – by creation of a dedicated internet platform.

7 Implementation of an interactive platform for inter-municipal information with cultural event calendar, information about tourist routes, etc.

8 Inter-municipal cooperation at the operating level: exchange of best practices, joint project execution.

9 Coordination of social infrastructure development, inventory of information on the infrastructure (e.g. offers of schools, swimming pools, etc.).

10 Coordination of information flow on medical services in municipalities.

11 Coordination of transport systems – linking car parks, trams, etc., to allow for quick travelling in inter-municipal space.

12 Development of social services map.

13 Cooperation of municipalities, companies and universities to plan education (studies of supply and demand for jobs).

In the thematic area: agglomeration transport – the following proposals were worked out:

NO. Agglomeration transport

Priority

1 Shortening travelling time and number of connections, which is also in the interest of transport companies.

2 Care for updated information about user flow (difficult study). Coordination of studies on transport streams.

3 Increased number of connections between municipalities.

4 Improved road infrastructure, increased number of bus lanes, tram lines, greater number of routes exclusively for bicycles.

5 Organisation of car parks at transport nodes, parking places in the P+R standard.

6 Location of local transport (MPK) and rail stops closer to one another, owing to which the implementation of the integrated agglomeration ticket would make better sense. In the case of agglomeration ticket, its introduction should be accompanied with the technology permitting registration of entries e.g. to busses, transport time, etc.

7 Overcoming the conflict of interests between private carriers towards cooperation and co-creation of the agglomeration transport system.

8 Greater efficiency of e-services so as to, in some cases, limit the need for travelling to offices, so that the only necessary routes are: home work and home school.

9 Launch of agglomeration information system such as “How do I get to”, for all means of transport.

10 Broader application of carsharing systems, joint travelling to a common place. Possibly, there will be a barrier of snobbism among car users.

11 Improved ticket distribution network.

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In the thematic area: digitalisation of services – the following proposals were worked out:

NO. Digitalisation of services

Priority

1 Pioneer role of pilot Małopolska Medical Information System, to be implemented in 2015. The programme involves seven hospitals, it would be good to extend it to allow for coverage of healthcare centres and specialist doctors functioning in particular municipalities.

2 Launch of one coherent platform for NGO offers for organisation of after-school classes and leisure time.

3 Aim at implementation of the concept for Digital Małopolska (128 services) by popularisation of electronic signature and the need for amending legal regulations.

4 Launch of a platform facilitating supra-municipal spatial planning.

5 Information exchange on the even calendar using internet information platform. Development of a common calendar of events.

6 Launch of e-services to allow for organisation of leisure time by public and private entities.

7 Launch of free-of-charge spatial data flow between particular institutions.

8 Development of open data digital resources.

9 Standardisation of e-templates at the national level.

In the thematic area: multifunctional green areas – the following proposals were worked out:

NO. Multifunctional green areas

Priority

1 Definition of user needs and segmentation of user categories with the key to define functions of various areas and greens.

2 Management of places where traffic is presently concentrated.

3 Improved awareness among representatives of local government units on ownership relation in respect of green areas.

4 Improved knowledge among the representatives of local government units on the value of particular areas to prevent their privatisation.

5 Education and increased awareness of private owners of green areas on the value of the lands held.

6 Inventory of green areas.

7 Need for legal regulation of ownership relationships regarding green areas.

8 Greater availability of greens, such as by turning the city towards the Vistula River and other rivers.

9 Solving the problem of limited use of protected green areas due to position of relevant institutions or private owners.

10 Development of infrastructure – access to green areas and between green areas. Network of car parks and direct access to river banks.

11 Need for using legal and financial instruments to acquire green areas for public use.

12 Need for securing green areas in spatial planning. Need to protect some areas and appropriate definition of their function in spatial development plans.

13 Securing “green belts” around cities.

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Résumé

This report allows for perceiving the perspective for development of Kraków Metropolitan Area in

line with the Smart City concept, with moderate optimism. Moderate, as many very inspiring ideas

presented above are visions implementation of which will undoubtedly prove time-consuming and

costly. Optimism - because many aspects and substantive value of the discussion within the

“SMART_KOM. Kraków in the Smart Cities Network” form a perfect conceptual base that can form a

source of inspiration for teams in charge, nowadays and in the future, of implementation of the

Smart City concept in Kraków and its metropolitan area.

Returning to the priority lists:

The report prepared under the Smart People theme involved blurring the Smart City concept in

reference to even the broadest definition of the phenomenon. It must be, however, stressed that

among the key postulates, there were pro-citizen and pro-participation measures stimulating multi-

channel interpersonal communication encouraging synergic cooperation between institutions,

sectors and units. Another step should involve searching for the answer to the question about

intelligent tools to help implement such postulates. In the report referring to Smart Living, developed

in detail and considering the division of the “quality of life” area into sub-areas, there are “SMART”

priorities coexisting with classically understood postulates of building residents’ high quality of life.

When referring to such priorities, which are close to the Smart City idea, one must point to the

postulate of rendering spatial planning more flexible, building the multifunctional urban space for

residents, and – which is important – by residents, using relevant participation instruments. In the

report regarding Smart Environment, there are three clear leads for “SMART” concept: transport,

recreation and care for clean air. All the three strategic lines of thinking about smart urban and

agglomeration’s environment protection can be (and in many places worldwide are) managed using

innovative organisational, technological and planning solutions. This orientation is also to be

followed in the Kraków Metropolitan Area. In the report referring to Smart Economy, there is a

clearly dominating intention of searching for paths to optimise city and agglomeration policies,

considering broad rationalisation, including rationalisation of expenditures. This is also to be

achieved by more complete implementation of services in the e-government area. In the report on

Smart Mobility, “SMART” solutions are aimed at optimisation of public transport and implementation

of Intelligent Transport Systems, while in the report on Smart Governance, there is a postulate of

adjusting to the needs and possibilities of citizens, and owing to this of increasing their potential

participation in governance.

Considering the above synthesis of priorities, two ways of thinking seem to be strongly rooted in the partial reports discussed, namely:

spatial – aim at intensification of the network of connections between man and the surrounding space, by allowing people for effective moving in the space and participating in its co-creation, awarding it optimal shape, adjusted to people's needs;

digital – aim at putting citizens at the centre by providing them with state-of-the-art tools for co-governance, co-deciding, participation in interpersonal, inter-institutional and inter-sectoral communication, based on full access to information.

Selection of the cities – destination of study visits should thus consider the aforementioned Smart City development priorities.

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One cannot, however, avoid, while analysing partial reports, signalling the risk related to

encouragement of the Smart City paradigm on the grounds of strategy and practice of development

of the city and its metropolitan area. It results directly from the diversity of the scopes of Smart City

definitions found in generally available scientific, practice implementation and project studies,

including the studies on “SMART_KOM. Kraków in the Smart Cities Network.” Personally, I am not an

advocate of parallel use of two definitions using different scopes as regards the key concept used in a

particular project:

the narrower – placing Smart City within the narrow framework of ICT technologies, with all

its positive and negative consequences; positive – due to formal order of the analyses and

the resulting easiness in binary categorisation of solutions as belonging or not belonging to

the Smart City paradigm; negative – due to the risk of conceptual fixation on state-of-the-art

technologies.

broader – in my opinion – insufficiently precise, treating the Smart City concept in many

aspects, as a set with all kinds of systemic improvements to the quality of functioning of the

city and its metropolitan area and improving residents' quality of life. Here, the advantage is

undoubtedly in its diversity and many aspects of the proposal, as well as holistic approach to

the development of urban tissue, while the disadvantage - far-reaching blurring of definition

of the Smart City, which renders it significantly difficult to differentiate between concepts

forming part of Smart City paradigm and regular concepts, which does not mean that they

are not just common sense concepts frequently seen in management of cities.

Relying, on the one hand, on the experience of researcher and analyst, while on the other on the

partial reports prepared after six thematic workshops, I believe that it is absolutely necessary to

formulate one precise definition of Smart City applicable for the project and setting the limits for

theoretical and practical deliberations leading to working out the optimal Smart City model for the

KMA. Formulation of such definition, at best with participation of experts and moderators of partial

reports, in my opinion, will be a strength of the project, which will undoubtedly prove favourable at

the next phases of project implementation.

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Workshop participants

Each of six workshops prepared were participated by the following groups of participants:

foreign partners (Rudolf Giffinger and Jarmo Eskelinen)

substantive partners (representatives of the City of Kraków, various departments and units)

external experts.

List of external experts invited to participate in the workshops:

Workshop No. 1: Smart People

Dorota Kawęcka

Krzysztof Mazur, PhD

Paweł Musiałek

Anna Pawlina

Łucja Piekarska-Duraj

Ewa Plinkiewicz

Dominik Rogóż

Bartosz Szydłowski

Workshop No. 2: Smart Living

Wojciech Chechelski

Beata Ciepła

Yolanda K. Gibb

Paweł Hałat

Kazimierz Jurek

Witold Kramarz

Romuald Loegler PhD (Arch)

Jarosław Maj

Tomasz Malinowski

Kazimierz Murzyn

prof. Jerzy Vetulani

Workshop No. 3: Smart Environment

Paweł Augustynek-Halny

Stanisław Deńko

Andrzej Guła

Paweł Hałat

Małgorzata Małochleb

Michał Olszewski

Tomasz Pyszczek

Rafał Serafin

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Krzysztof Słysz, PhD

Kazimierz Walasz, PhD

Wiesław Wańkowicz, PhD

Workshop No. 4: Smart Economy

Jacek Adamczyk

Kamila Banasik-Brudny

Tomasz Geodecki

Robert Guzik, PhD

Łukasz Mamica, PhD

Karolina Perrin

Cezary Ulasiński

Michał Wojtulewicz

Ireneusz Wójcik

Workshop No. 5: Smart Mobility

Maciej Górnikiewicz

Marcin Hyła

Arkadiusz Kołoś, PhD

Katarzyna Nosal

Rafał Petryniak

Tadeusz Syryjczyk

Wiesław Wańkowicz, PhD

Workshop No. 6: Smart Governance

Robert Chrabąszcz

Michał Drewnicki

Michał Dulak

Adam Kałucki

Łukasz Krupa

Marcin Kwaśny

Krzysztof Madejski

Diana Pietruch-Reizes PhD

Anna Popek

Jan Strycharz

Paweł Świercz

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Special thanks to all the experts and professional staff of public administration and government, i.e.

the Municipality of Krakow, Malopolska Regional Office, the Marshal Office of the Malopolska Region

and the Regional Labour Office, who together with project partners got involved in the development

of the diagnosis of the functioning of the area of Krakow in the context of intelligent solutions and

the indication of the main problems and challenges facing Krakow and the KMA in the next few

years.

Adam Biernat – Regional Labor Office

Jarosław Bułka – Silvermedia

Elżbieta Mirga-Wójtowicz – Małopolska Regional Office

Rafał Sowiński – Institute of Logistics and Warehousing in Poznan, Electronic Economy Centre

Krakow Municipality and other city institutions:

Jan Adam Barański – City Development Department

Przemysław Chwała – Management of Sports Infrastructure

Beata Czarnota – Office for Health Protection

Danuta Czechmanowska – Social Affairs Department

Krzysztof Gałat – Management of Communal Infrastructure and Transport

Grzegorz Grzybczyk – European Funds Office

Agnieszka Kopieniak – Capella Cracoviensis

Ewelina Mikluszka – Capella Cracoviensis

Tomasz Morański – Museum of the Polish Home Army

Maria Piętak-Frączek – Office for Health Protection

Paweł Popławski – Management of Sports Infrastructure

Dariusz Sańka – Management of Communal Buildings

Robert Skalny – Organization and Supervision Department

Anna Sochacka – Organization and Supervision Department

Przemysław Szwałko – Environment Shaping Department

Mateusz Turlejski – Museum of Municipal Engineering in Kraków

Przemysław Waśniowski – Safety and Crisis Management Department

Agnieszka Ziemiańska – Krakow Festival Office, ICE Krakw Congress Centre