s'g zx/df slt e6fgL k'g:Yff{lkt cd]l/sfdf &* xhf/ & ;o · 2014. 10. 20. · @)!$ cS6f]a/ jif{ % c+s...

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@)!$ cS6f]a/ jif{ % c+s ^$ o; c+sdf s] s] < (What is inside ?) à s'g 7fpFdf slt e"6fgL <=======! (Citywise Bhutanese in the US) à @))* otf slxn] slt <=======@ (Resettlement since 2008) à a9L, sd / gePsf /fHo=======# (Most, least and no resettlement) à ;a} b]zaf6 jif]{lg slt <========$ (Resettlement form all countries) à wfld{s cf:yfdf ;+Vof============% (Religions of Bhutanese / US) à l8eL kg]{ g]kfnLx¿==================^ (DV winner Nepalese) à ljZje/ g]kfnL–efifL================& (Nepali-speakers in the world) à gful/s k|Zg–pQ/ *#=============* (Civic Test - Q/A no. 83) à rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb #@=========* (Most common Eng. words 32) s'g zx/df slt e"6fgL k'g:Yff{lkt ;g\ @)!$ ;]K6]Da/ clGtd;Dd cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] &* xhf/ & ;o &@ hgf g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgLnfO{ k'gjf{; u/fO ;s]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!# cS6f]a/ ! df z'? eP/ ;g\ @)!$ ;]K6]Da/ #) df ;lsPsf] cfly{s jif{ -;g\ @)!#÷)!$_ df * xhf/ $ ;o #$ hgf k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] 5 . * k[i7 o;k6s cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{ -;g\ @)!@÷)!#_ df cd]l/sfdf dfq ( xhf/ ! ;o #$ hgf k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] lyof] . cd]l/sfsf] cfly{s jif{ -cf=j=_ cS6f]a/ ! df z'? eP/ csf]{ jif{sf] ;]K6]Da/ #! df ;lsG5 . cl3Nnf] cf=j= -;g\ @)!@÷)!#_ eGbf o; cf=j= Go' XofD;/sf] s+s8{df ;g\ @)!$ ;]K6]Da/ !# df ePsf] gjf}+ ax';f+:s[lts dxf]T;jdf uLt ufpFb} g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgL . tl:a/M h'lnof lk|mDofg pNk6{ (Julia Freeman-Woolpert) n n cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{eGbf o; cfly{s jif{df & ;o sd k' g:yf{lkt x' g' ePsf] 5 . k"/} cfly{s jif{sf] tYofª\s x]g]{ xf] eg] of] jif{df ;aeGbf sd k' g:yf{lkt x' g' ePsf] xf] . ;g\ @))* dfr{df dfq k' g:yf{kgf yflnPsfn] To;k6s sd ePsf] xf] . n n afFsL o;kl5sf k]hdf cd]l/sfdf &* xhf/ & ;o &@

Transcript of s'g zx/df slt e6fgL k'g:Yff{lkt cd]l/sfdf &* xhf/ & ;o · 2014. 10. 20. · @)!$ cS6f]a/ jif{ % c+s...

Page 1: s'g zx/df slt e6fgL k'g:Yff{lkt cd]l/sfdf &* xhf/ & ;o · 2014. 10. 20. · @)!$ cS6f]a/ jif{ % c+s ^$ o; c+sdf s] s] < (What is inside ?) à s'g 7fpFdf slt e"6fgL

@)!$ cS6f]a/jif{ % c+s ^$

o; c+sdf s] s] <(What is inside ?)

à s'g 7fpFdf slt e"6fgL <=======!(Citywise Bhutanese in the US)

à @))* otf slxn] slt <=======@(Resettlement since 2008)

à a9L, sd / gePsf /fHo=======#(Most, least and no resettlement)

à ;a} b]zaf6 jif]{lg slt <========$(Resettlement form all countries)

à wfld{s cf:yfdf ;+Vof============%(Religions of Bhutanese / US)

à l8eL kg]{ g]kfnLx¿==================^(DV winner Nepalese)

à ljZje/ g]kfnL–efifL================&(Nepali-speakers in the world)

à gful/s k|Zg–pQ/ *#=============*(Civic Test - Q/A no. 83)

à rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb #@=========* (Most common Eng. words 32)

s'g zx/df slt e"6fgL k'g:Yff{lkt

;g\ @)!$ ;]K6]Da/ clGtd;Dd cd]l/sL ;/sf/n] &* xhf/ & ;o &@ hgf g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgLnfO{ k'gjf{; u/fO ;s]sf] 5 .

;g\ @)!# cS6f]a/ ! df z'? eP/ ;g\ @)!$ ;]K6]Da/ #) df ;lsPsf] cfly{s jif{ -;g\ @)!#÷)!$_ df * xhf/ $ ;o #$ hgf k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] 5 .

*k[i7

o;k6s

cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{ -;g\ @)!@÷)!#_ df cd]l/sfdf dfq ( xhf/ ! ;o #$ hgf k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] lyof] . cd]l/sfsf] cfly{s jif{ -cf=j=_ cS6f]a/ ! df z'? eP/ csf]{ jif{sf] ;]K6]Da/ #! df ;lsG5 .

cl3Nnf] cf=j= -;g\ @)!@÷)!#_ eGbf o; cf=j=

Go' XofD;/sf] s+s8{df ;g\ @)!$ ;]K6]Da/ !# df ePsf] gjf}+ ax';f+:s[lts dxf]T;jdf uLt ufpFb} g]kfnL–efifL e"6fgL . tl:a/M h'lnof lk|mDofg pNk6{ (Julia Freeman-Woolpert)

n ncl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{eGbf o; cfly{s jif{df & ;o sd k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf]

5 . k"/} cfly{s jif{sf] tYofª\s x]g]{ xf] eg]

of] jif{df ;aeGbf sd k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf]

xf] . ;g\ @))* dfr{df dfq k'g:yf{kgf yflnPsfn] To;k6s sd ePsf] xf] .

n n afFsL o;kl5sf k]hdf

cd]l/sfdf &* xhf/ & ;o &@

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-;g\ @)!#÷)!$_ df & ;o sd k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] 5 .

k"/} cf=j= sf] tYofª\s x]g]{ xf] eg] of] jif{df ;a– eGbf sd k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] xf] . ;g\ @))* sf] dfr{df

/fHosf] gfd k'g:yf{lktsf] ;+Vof -;g\ @)!$ ;]K6]Da/ clGtd;Dd_!= cnf:sf (Alaska)...................................................................!#*

P+s/]h (Anchorage)...........................................................!#*@= cl/hf]gf (Arizona)..........................................................@,*&*

UofG8]n (Glendale).............................................................!)!lkmlgS; (Phoenix)...........................................................!#**6S;g (Tucson)...............................................................!#*(

#= cs{G;f; (Arkansas) ............................................................... #l:k|ª\u8]n (Springdale)............................................................#

$= Soflnkmf]lg{of (California) .................................................!,###cnfd]8f (Alameda)............................................................!^*sfdf{Osn (Carmichael).......................................................$$Sof:6«f] EofnL (Castro Valley)................................................#kmf]N;d (Folsom)..................................................................!!kmn6{g (Fullerton)..................................................................@uf8{g u|f]e (Garden Grove)..................................................!!csNofG8 (Oakland)...........................................................@^*:ofqm]d]G6f] (Sacramento).....................................................@*(;fg l8ofuf] (San Diego)....................................................@%%;fg k|mflG;:sf] (San Francisco).........................................!^);fg xf];] (San Jose)...........................................................!)*:ofG6f Sn]/f (Santa Clara).....................................................$p8NofG8 (Woodland)...........................................................!)

%= sf]nf]/f8f] (Colorado)....................................................... #,)@)c/f]/f (Aurora)..................................................................$*#sf]nf]/f8f] l:k|ª\; (Colorado Springs) ................................@#$8]ge/ (Denver)...............................................................@,@^@P+unp8 (Englewood).............................................................&UofG8]n (Glendale)..................................................................#lu|nL (Greeley)........................................................................(n]sp8 (Lakewood)................................................................$;'k]l/o/ (Superior)................................................................!*

^= sg]lS6s6 (Connecticut) .....................................................@^^la|hkf]6{ (Bridgeport)............................................................%)8aL{ (Derby)............................................................................@O:6 xf6{kmf]8{ (East Hartford)..................................................%xf6{kmf]8{ (Hartford)..............................................................!(&Go' x]a]g (New Haven)..........................................................!!gy{ x]a]g (North Haven).........................................................!

&= ˆnf]l/8f (Florida) .............................................................. ^^$HofS;glen (Jacksonville)................................................^)*dfofld (Miami).......................................................................$cf]Nof{G8f] (Orlando).................................................................^

s'g jif{ slt hgf <jif{ -;g\df_===================================== ;+Vof;g\ @))&÷@))* ========================================= %,#@);g\ @))*÷@))( ========================================= !#,$%@;g\ @))(÷@)!) ========================================= !@,#^#;g\ @)!)÷@)!! ========================================= !$,(((;g\ @)!!÷@)!@ ========================================= !%,)&);g\ @)!@÷@)!# ============================================ (,!#$;g\ @)!#÷@)!$ ============================================ *,$#$–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––hDdf ========================================&*,&&@

dfq k'g:yf{kgf yflnPsfn] To;k6s -;g\ @))&÷))*_ sd x'g' :jefljs lyof] .

s'g 7fp“df slt < o;k6s cd]l/sfsf] s'g

7fpFdf slthgf k'g:yf{kgf

ul/of] eGg] tYof+s k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf a;fO{ ;g{ kfOg] ePsfn] clxn] oxL ;+Vofdf pxfFx? ToxLF a;f]af; gu/]sf] x'g;S5 . sd–a];L x'g;S5 .

;g\ @))* otf slxn] / slt hgfnfO{ k'g:yf{lkt

ul/of] <

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^$ 6]Dkf (Tampa).......................................................................$^

*= hlh{of (Georgia) ............................................................ %,@^#cNkmf/]§f (Alpharetta)...........................................................*@c6\nfG6f (Atlanta)...........................................................!,#*%PaG8]n (Avondale)..................................................................$PaG8]n :6]6\; (Avondale Estates)........................................&%SofG6g (Canton)....................................................................@Snfs{:6g (Clarkston)................................................... !,&@^l8s]6/ (Decatur)............................................................!,@$)8f]/flen (Doraville)..............................................................@@8'n'y (Duluth).......................................................................!#n/]G;len (Lawrenceville).......................................................^lnnag{ (Lilburn)................................................................!$$dfpG6]g Eo' (Mountain View)................................................!gf]/qm; (Norcross)................................................................!(/;j]n (Roswell)...................................................................!*:g]nlen (Snellville).............................................................!%:6f]g dfpG6]g (Stone Mountain).......................................%)!6s/ (Tucker).......................................................................!)

(= cfO8fxf] (Idaho) .............................................................. !,#*!AjfOhL (Boise)...................................................................&*)l6\jg kmN; (Twin Falls)....................................................^)!

!)= Olngf]o (Illinois) ............................................................ @,#^*c/f]/f (Aurora)...................................................................$#^l;sfuf] (Chicago)...........................................................!,!(^PeG:6g (Evanston)................................................................#Un]g Plng (Glen Ellyn).......................................................^)UofG8]n xfO6\; (Glendale Heights)......................................#$df]lng (Moline)....................................................................*%/s cfONofG8 (Rock Island)..............................................@@)lXj6g (Wheaton)..............................................................##$

!!= OlG8ofgf (Indiana) ............................................................ !@%OlG8ofgf kf]ln; (Indianapolis)..........................................!@%

!@= cfof]jf (Iowa) .................................................................. &!*8] df]o (Des Moines).........................................................^(^xfofjyf{ (Hiawartha)..............................................................&j]:6 8] df]o (West Des Moines)..........................................!%

!#= sG;f; (Kansas) ............................................................... %*@sG;f; l;6L (Kansas City)...............................................%$%cf]e/NofG8 kfs{ (Overland Park)........................................#%ljlr6f (Wichita)....................................................................@

!$= s]G6sL (Kentucky) ....................................................... @,)@$af]lnª lu|g (Bowling Green).............................................!##n]lS;ª\6g (Lexington).......................................................$#!n'O{len (Louisville).........................................................!,$^)

!%= n'lhofgf (Louisiana) .......................................................... $!Aof6g ?h (Baton Rouge)..................................................$!

!^= d]l/Nof08 (Maryland) .................................................. !,*&$aflN6df]/ (Baltimore).....................................................!,##@

a9L ;+Vofdf e"6fgL k'g:yf{lkt % /fHo

!= k]G;ne]lgof ........ * xhf/ ^ ;o &)@= 6]S;f; ................ & xhf/ # ;o $@#= Go'of]s{ ................ ^ xhf/ ^ ;o #^$= cf]xfof] ................ % xhf/ ( ;o %)%= hlh{of ................ % xhf/ @ ;o ^#

sd ;+Vofdf k'g:yf{lkt ul/Psf % /fHo

!= cs{G;f;........................#@= n'lhofgf......................$!#= ;fpy Sof/f]nfOgf........%)$= OlG8ofgf.....................!@%%= Go' d]lS;sf]................!@*

k'g:yf{lkt gul/Psf gf} /fHo

oL gf} /fHodf k'g:yf{lkt ul/Psf] 5}g M != cnfafdf (Alabama)@= 8]nfj/ (Delaware)#= xjfO{ (Hawaii)$= d]g (Maine)

%= ldl;l;kL (Mississippi)^= df]G6fgf (Montana)

&= cf]Snxfdf (Oklahoma)*= j]:6 elh{lgof

(West Virginia)(= jfof]ldª (Wyoming)

a9L, sd a;f]af; ePsf tyf k'g:yf{kgf

gul/Psf /fHox¿

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cd]l/sfn] kl5Nnf jif{x?df jif]{lg a9Ldf *) xhf/ z/0ffyL{nfO{ k'gjf{;sf] aGbf]a:t ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . oL ;a} z/0ffyL{ cd]l/sf NofOG5g\ / ;w}+sf nflu cd]l/sfsf :yfoL afl;Gbf aG5g\ . of] l;df z'?df lyPg, s'g} jif{ @ nfv / s'g} jif{ !( xhf/dfq k'g:yf{lkt u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;g\ !(&% cd]l/sfn] cf}krfl/s ¿kdf z/0ffyL{ k'g:yf{kgf yfn]sf] xf] . ;g\ @)!$ ;Dd cd]l/sfn] sl/a ## nfv z/0ffyL{ a;f]af; u/fO;Sof] . o; ;"rLdf ;g\ @))! otf s'g jif{ slt z/0ffyL{ cd]l/sfdf k'g:yf{lkt eP pNn]v 5M jif{ -;g\df_================================ ;+Vof@)))÷@))! ================================ ^(, **^@))!÷@))@ ================================ @&, !#!@))@÷@))# ================================ @*, $)(@))#÷@))$ ================================ %@, *&#@))$÷@))% ================================ %#, *!#@))%÷@))^ ================================ $!, @@#@))^÷@))& ================================ $*, @*@@))&÷@))* ================================ ^), !(!@))*÷@))( ================================ &$, ^%$@))(÷@)!) ================================ &#, #!!@)!)÷@)!! ================================ %^, $@$@)!!÷@)!@ ================================ %*, @#*@)!@÷@)!# ================================ ^(, (@^@)!#÷@)!$ ================================ ^(, (&*;g\ @)!$÷@)!% df a9Ldf &) xhf/ z/0ffyL{ k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ k|:tfj cl3;fl/Psf] 5 .

s]6G;len (Catonsville).......................................................@!8G8Ns (Dundalk)...................................................................(xfot;\len (Hyattsville).........................................................^cS;g lxn (Oxon Hill)..........................................................^l/e/8]n (Riverdale)...........................................................@(@l/e/8]n kfs{ (Riverdale Park)............................................!!l;Ne/ l:k|ª\u (Silver Spring)............................................!*(6sf]df kfs{ (Takoma Park)....................................................@XjfO6 dfz{ (White Marsh).....................................................^

!&= df;fr';]6\; (Massachusetts) ......................................... @,%*$af]:6g (Boston)..................................................................!&)r]N;L (Chelsea)..................................................................!$!8f]/r]:6/ (Dorchester).........................................................!@hdfOsf Kn]g (Jamaica Plain)................................................@nf]cn (Lowell)...................................................................!&^lng (Lynn)........................................................................!##Go'6g (Newton)......................................................................^;fpy af]:6g (South Boston)...............................................#@l:k|ª\ulkmN8 (Springfield)...................................................@(^jfNyd (Waltham)...................................................................!j]n:nL (Wellesley)................................................................!)j]:6 l:k|ª\ulkmN8 (West Springfield)..................................&()j':6{/ (Worcester)...............................................................*!%

!*= ldl;ug (Michigan) ....................................................... !,^*^Uo|fG8 x]a]g (Grand Haven)..................................................%#Uo|fG8 ¥oflk8\; (Grand Rapids)..........................................^$!Uo|fG8len (Grandville)..........................................................!(Xof:n]6 (Haslett)....................................................................^s]G6p8 (Kentwood)..............................................................$!nfgl;ª (Lansing)..............................................................(!&l:k|ª\u n]s (Spring Lake)......................................................(

!(= ldg];f]6f (Minnesota) ........................................................ (%@O8g lk|o/L (Eden Prairie)......................................................$nfp8/8]n (Lauderdale)..........................................................*ldlgofkln; (Minneapolis).................................................$@$/f]r]:6/ (Rochester)..............................................................#)/f]hlen (Roseville)..............................................................^);]G6 kn (Saint Paul).........................................................$@^

@)= ldhf}/L (Missouri) ........................................................... !@@)sG;f; l;6L (Kansas City)...............................................!@#;]G6 n'O; (Saint Louis)..................................................!)(&

@!= g]a|f:sf (Nebraska) .........................................................!,)*(a]nEo" (Bellevue)....................................................................%lnª\sg (Lincoln)....................................................................^cf]dfxf (Omaha)..............................................................!,)*&

@@= g]ef8f (Nevada) ................................................................@*%nf; e]uf; (Las Vegas)......................................................@*%

@#= Go' ÅofD;/ (New Hampshire) ...................................... @,)&$s+s8{ (Concord)..............................................................!,)*#

ljleGg b]zaf6 cfpg]sf] ;+Vof

jif]{lg k'gjf{;

Go' XofD;/ /fHosf] Dofgr]:6/df 6fFl;Psf kmf]6fx?df ljljwtf emNsG5 . km]+6f afFw]sL g]kfnL cfdf x'g'x'G5 . tl:a/M /fh]z sf]O/fnf

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nsf]lgof (Laconia)..............................................................#%Dofgr]:6/ (Manchester)...................................................(##gf;'cf (Nashua)...................................................................@#

@$= Go' h;L{ (New Jersey) ..................................................... #^!SofD8g (Camden)................................................................@$Plnhfj]y (Elizabeth)...........................................................!%XofldN6g (Hamilton).............................................................%h;L{ l;6L (Jersey City).......................................................!@lnG8g (Linden)..................................................................!#@ldn6fpg (Milltown)..............................................................(gjfs{ (Newark).......................................................................*6«]G6g (Trenton)..................................................................!%)o'lgoglen (Unionville)..........................................................^

@%= Go' d]lS;sf] (New Mexico)..................................................!@*PNa'ssL{ (Albuquerque).....................................................!@*

@^= Go'of]s{ (New York) ........................................................ ^,^#^cNafgL (Albany)................................................................#!&Pdx:6{ (Amherst)...................................................................*a|f]ª\s; (Bronx)....................................................................(&a|'slng (Brooklyn).................................................................^akm]nf] (Buffalo)...............................................................!,^*!PNdx:6{ (Elmhurst).............................................................$!lna/k'n (Liverpool)................................................................&Go'of]s{ (New York)............................................................!!^lSjG; (Queens)....................................................................@)/]uf] kfs{ (Rego Park).............................................................%/f]r]:6/ (Rochester)........................................................@,!)%:s6len (Scottsville)..............................................................@;gL;fO8 (Sunnyside).............................................................%l;/fs; (Syracuse).........................................................!,*&!o'l6sf (Utica)....................................................................#!*p8;fO8 (Woodside)............................................................#&

@&= gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf (North Carolina)...................................@,(%%;fnf]{6 (Charlotte)...........................................................!,%@^8'xf{d (Durham)..................................................................!@&lu|G;a/f] (Greensboro)........................................................%$$xfO KjfOG6 (High Point)....................................................$%$DofYo'h (Matthews)..............................................................!#df]l/;len (Morrisville)...........................................................#/fln3 (Raleigh)..................................................................@$%ljG:6g–;]nd (Winston-Salem)............................................$#

@*= gy{ 8sf]6f (North Dakota).............................................!,&($kmfuf]{ (Fargo)...................................................................!,@^&Uo|fG8 kmf]s{;\ (Grand Forks)..............................................%!(j]:6 kmfuf]{ (West Fargo).........................................................*

@(= cf]xfof] (Ohio) ................................................................ %,(%)Pqmf]g (Akron).................................................................!,&)&larp8 (Beachwood).........................................................!@@l;gl;Gof6L (Cincinnati)....................................................&!&

cd]l/sfdf k'g:yf{lkt ljleGg b]zsf dflg;x?af6 ljljwtf kSs} aG5 . dfG5]sf] ljljwtf;Fu} wd{, ;+:s[lt cflbsf] klg ljljwtf b]Vg ;lsG5 . cd]l/sfsf] s"n hg;+Vof sl/a #! s/f]8 ^@ nfv 5 . ;/sf/n] hgu0fgf ubf{ wd{ ;f]wL–vf]hL ub}{g . t/ lkp l/;r{ (Pew Research) sf cg';Gwfgx?n] hgfPcg';f/ cd]l/sfdf sl/a &* k|ltzt O;fO{ (Christian), !=& k|ltzt ox'bL (Jews), )=& k|ltzt af}4 wd{ (Buddhist), )=^ k|ltzt d'l:nd (Muslim), )=$ k|ltzt lxGb" (Hindu) / cGo 5g\ . o:tf] wfld{s ljljwtfsf] ;fgf] c+z k'g:yf{lkt e"6fgLx?df klg b]lvG5 . e"6fgLdWo] ;aeGbf a9L lxGb" 5g\ eg] bf];|f], t];|f] / rf}yf] :yfgdf af}4 wd{, O;fO{ / ls/fFt wdf{jnDaLx? 5g\ . !* hgf cNk;+Vos / wd{ gv'n]sf JolQm 5g\ . wfld{s cf:yfsf cfwf/df ;+Vofs'g wd{sf slt k'g:yf{lkt x'g'ePsf] 5 eGg] oxfF 5M != lxGb" ============================================================= $(, !)%@= af}4 ============================================================== !^, !!!#= O;fO{ ============================================================== &, )^^$= ls/fFt ============================================================= ^, $&@%= cGo ======================================================================= !*–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––s"n =================================================================== &*, &&@

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Page 6: s'g zx/df slt e6fgL k'g:Yff{lkt cd]l/sfdf &* xhf/ & ;o · 2014. 10. 20. · @)!$ cS6f]a/ jif{ % c+s ^$ o; c+sdf s] s] < (What is inside ?) à s'g 7fpFdf slt e"6fgL

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#!= k]G;neflgof (Pennsylvania).......................................... *,^&)Pn]g6fpg (Allentown)........................................................@@An' an (Blue Ball).................................................................!qm]ga]/L (Cranberry)...............................................................!&Pk|m6f (Ephrata).......................................................................$O/L (Erie)........................................................................@,%#%Xofgf]e/ (Hanover).................................................................%Xofl/;ju{ (Harrisburg)......................................................*(&nfgsf:6/ (Lancaster)....................................................!,#)$n]agg (Lebanon)....................................................................$ln6\;8]n (Leetsdale)...............................................................#df;{ (Mars).............................................................................@dfpG6 n]agg (Mount Lebanon)............................................^Go' xNofG8 (New Holland)......................................................^k]ga|'s (Penbrook)..................................................................^lkmnf8]lNkmof (Philadelphia)............................................!,@&%lk6\;au{ (Pittsburgh)......................................................!,&(&/f]l:ng (Roslyn).....................................................................^:qmfG6g (Scranton)............................................................&&$;ljSnL (Sewickley)................................................................^

#@= /f]8 cfONof08 (Rhode Island)...........................................@&^k|f]le8]G; (Providence)........................................................@&^

##= ;fpy Sof/f]nfOgf (South Carolina).................................... %)sf]nlDaof (Columbia)...........................................................%)

#$= ;fpy 8sf]6f (South Dakota)......................................... !,!(@l;p kmN; (Sioux Falls)..................................................!,!(@

#%= 6]g];L (Tennessee)............................................................ !,^!)PlG6cf]s (Antioch)...............................................................@%d]lDkm; (Memphis)..............................................................!)@Gofzlen (Nashville)........................................................!,$*#

#^= 6]S;f; (Texas) ............................................................ &,#&@Palng (Abilene)...............................................................%&^

cd]l/sfn] jif{sf] a9Ldf %% xhf/ le;f hf/L ub}{ lr6\7faf6 ljleGg b]zsf gful/s Nofpg] u/]sf] 5 . tLg jif{df %) xhf/ dflg; cfpg] b]zaf6 lr6\7f el/b}+g . lr6\7f el/Psf ;a} cfpg kfpFb}gg\ . le;f ljt/0f ub}{ hfFbf %% xhf/ jf o;sf] xf/fxf/L k'u]kl5 cd]l/sf Nofpg] sfd /f]lsG5 . of] lr6\7fnfO{ …l8eLÚ (Diversity Visa; DV) lr6\7f cd]l/sf cfpg] / afFsL hLjg oxfF Joltt ug{ rfxg]sf nflu ;aeGbf ;lhnf] tyf ;Ddflgt pkfo xf] . l8eL kg]{ lalQs} cd]l/sf cfpg eg] kfOg] xf]Og . lr6\7f k/]kl5sf k|lqmof 5g\, …km:6{ n]6/Ú, …;]s]G8 n]6/Ú, cGtjf{tf{, :jf:Yo–k/LIf0f cflb . t/ ;]s]G8 n]6/kl5 cGtjf{tf{df hf“bf ug'{kg]{ tof/L, clg cGtjf{tf{kl5 xftdf le;f gk¿Gh]n cd]l/sf cfpg] Uof/]G6L kSs} x'Gg .l8eL k/]/ cd]l/sf cfpg' eg]sf] p;n] oxf“ sfd ug]{ / a:g] clwsf/ kfpg' xf] . of] clwsf/ kfpg] JolSt / kl/jf/nfO{ …lu|gsf8{Ú k|bfg ul/g] xf] . lu|gsf8{ kfPsf] JolSt oxf“sf] sfg'gL jfl;Gbf xf] / oxf“sf] gful/s x'g' xf]Og . gful/s x'g p;n] lu|gsf8{ kfPsf] kf“r jif{ s'g'{k5{ . o;/L el/Psf lr6\7fdf g]kfnLx? klg 5flgg] u/]sf 5g\ . oxfF ;g\ @))! otf 5flgPsf ;a} g]kfnLsf] ;+Vof oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5M -of] cd]l/sf cfPsf g]kfnLsf] ;+Vof xf]Og, lr6\7f kg]{sf] dfq xf] ._l8eL -s'g jif{sf]_=================================== ;+Vof@))! ==================================================== @$@))@ ================================================== &@(@))# ================================================ @#@)@))$ ================================================ $@%(@))% ================================================ @^(*@))^ ================================================ !(#$@))& ================================================ !%@(@))* ================================================ @%^@@))( =============================================== !*(!@)!) =============================================== @!#@@)!! =============================================== @!*(@)!@ =============================================== #@%*@)!# =============================================== $#&)@)!$ =============================================== ^)*@@)!% =============================================== $((!

lr6\7faf6 cd]l/sf cfpg]

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#(= elh{lgof (Virginia)........................................................ @,%(&cn]ShflG8«of (Alexandria)....................................................!#cfln{ª\u6g (Arlington)...........................................................*;fnf]{6len (Charlottesville)...............................................%)#k|m]8]l/S;au{ (Fredericksburg)..............................................!&%XofDK6g (Hampton)...........................................................@!%x]lG/sf] (Henrico)................................................................@)&Go'kf]6{ Go'h (Newport News)............................................!%$/]:6g (Reston)......................................................................@#l/rdG8 (Richmond)...........................................................^!@/f]gf]s (Roanoke)...............................................................^!(:6fkmf]8{ (Stafford)................................................................!)p8la|h (Woodbridge)...........................................................%*

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b]zdf klg 5g\ . ef/tsf ljleGg 7fpFdf g]kfnL

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sfdsf nflu k/b]z hfg]x? stf/, ;fpbL c/a,

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s'j]t, o'gfO6]8 c/a Old/]6\;df klg x'g'x'G5 . dn]lzofdf klxn]b]lvsf k'/fgf afl;Gbf / sfdsf nflu hfg] x'g'x'G5 .

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g]kfnL–efifLx? Sofg8f, ci6«]lnof, lkmgNofG8, gj]{, :jL8]g, Go'hLNofG8, a]lNhod, hfkfg, rLg cflb

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Gyan Jyoti Kendra, 49 Lane Road, Chichester, NH 03258, Email : [email protected], URL : http://gyanjyotikendra.org/, Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya

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– ;fDojfb ÷ sDo'lgHd (Communism)

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• certificate :gfd– k|df0f–kq, k|z+;f–kq, dfg÷;Ddfg–kq, cg'dlt–kq, lg0f{o, kq . lqmof– k|dfl0ft ug'{, k|df0f lbg', k|df0f–kq pknAw u/fpg', cg'dlt–kq lbg' . • chain :gfd– l;qmL, ;fªnf], hlGh/, >[+vnf, åLk;d"x, kj{tdfnf, 36gfqmd, unkmGbL . lqmof– l;qmL nufpg', l;lqmn] hf]8\g', xts8L nufpg' . • chair :gfd– d]r, s';L{, ;+j]z, u2L, cf;g .

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lqmof– cf;gdf /fVg', d]rdf a;fNg', kbcg';f/ s';L{ /fVg' . • chairman, chairwoman :gfd– k'?if ePM ;efklt, ;efWoIf, cf;gklt, cf;gfwLz, cWoIf . dlxnf ePM ;efWoIff, cWoIff, ;efklt dxf]bof . • challenge :gfd– z]vL, hf]/L, x'Fsf/, xfFs, r'gf}tL, ;d/fXjfg, nnsf/, c:jLsf/, OGsf/ . lqmof– hf]/L vf]Hg', r'gf}tL lbg', xfFs lbg', z]vL vf]Hg', 6Ss/ lbg', nnsfg'{, bfaf ug'{, cfklQ hgfpg', OGsf/ ug'{, c:jLsf/ ug'{, ;Totfsf] k|df0f dfUg' .

• chamber : gfd– vf]kL, sIf, sf]7f, sf]i7, sd/f, :yn, ;bg . lqmof– sf]7fdf /fVg', ;bgdf /fVg', Gofo sIfsf ?kdf sfddf nufpg', sIfsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' . • champion :gfd– kxnjfg, pTs[i6, /Ifs, ljh]tf, d08nL, axfb'/, bIf, k|jL0f . lqmof– ;dy{g ug'{, arfpg', kIf lng', /Iff ug'{, lxdfot ug'{ . ljz]if0f– pQd÷klxnf]÷dflyNnf] bhf{sf], ;jf]{Qd .

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;+3aflx/sf b]zx?df ;fDojfb lj:tf/ x'g]df lrlGtt lyP .

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cd]l/sL ljb]z dGqfnosf] oL tYof+s z/0ffyL{ ljZn]if0f s]Gb|n] s]nfPsf x'g\ .