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Department of Building and ConstructionBC6622 Intelligent Building Assessment

1 Executive Summary

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2 Introduction

Intelligent buildings (IBs) are the future of building industry in the world. IBs relate

to buildings that contain high-speed local area networks, protocols, fiber optics,

multimedia environments and even satellite conferencing. It is generally believed that

all modern IBs in the world possess advanced information technologies (ITs). The

trend is for most building service systems to be integrated into an IT environment,

which is an essential tool for an IB. IBs utilize advanced information, control and

mechatronic technologies as well as employ smart structure and modern management

theories. Asian Institute of Intelligent Buildings (AIIB) was published the Intelligent

Building Index (IBI) Manual version 3.0 in 2005. The IBI model is classified into ten

indices for intelligent building assessment.

In the past, many commercial buildings (e.g. Two International Finance Centre,

Cyberport, Science Park, etc) were obtained the IB Award in Hong Kong. Other types

of building have not awarded therefore education institution was chosen for intelligent

building assessment. Many difficulties and constraints were occurred during the

assessment. Some problems were found out through the assessment; moreover,

recommendation will be provided for improvement of building performance to

achieve the better intelligent building purposes.

In this report, an educational Institution construction project - School of

Communication and the School of Creative/Visual Arts (Baptist University) - is

selected as our case study to investigate and evaluate the application for Intelligent

Building Assessment Audit by attempting to review the building design and other

building provisions to comply with the competency and fulfillment formulated in the

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IBI manual published by Asian Institute of Intelligent Building.

3 Building Description

3.1 Site Location

3.2 Building Description and Usage

The School of Communication-cum-School of Creative/Visual Arts Building

development is a new purpose-built academic building implemented by the Hong

Kong Baptist University. The new building will include offices, lecture theatres,

classrooms, studios, laboratories (digital graphic communication laboratory),

workshops (young director workshop and student workshop), gallery, library, media

and resources rooms and storage area for the faculty and the departments. Details of

the room data information is shown in Appendix A.

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The School of Communication-cum-School of

Creative/Visual Arts Building located at the

Southern edge of the Baptist University main

campus, though separated from the campus

physically by the existing Hong Kong Institution of

vocational Education (Lee Wai Lee) and the Fire

Station at the North. The site is bounded by

Renfrew Road, Hereford Road and Baptist

University Road and is elevated above Hereford

Road by approx. 2.5 m with a magnificent view

toward the Western Kowloon across the low rise

residential development.

Site Location

Fig. 1 Site Location

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Fig. 2 Model of the School of Communication-cum-School of Creative/Visual Arts

Building

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Fig 3. Construction Site

3.3 Air-conditioning system

Central air-conditioning system was adopted for school of communication-cum-

school of creative / visual arts building. Central chiller plant should consist of air-

cooled type chillers, chilled pumps, hot water pumps, motor control centre, central

control and monitoring system (CCMS), and other accessories. For purpose of energy

efficiency, the air-cooled chillers should be heat recovery type so that the waste heat

rejected by chillers can be used for reheating and humidity control of air-conditioning

system.

Large spaces such as the studios, lecture theature, etc., will be served by variable air

volume (VAV) system. Air handling units (AHUs) supplied with pre-treated fresh air

by primary air units (PAUs) to provide air-conditioning to these areas. Control of PAU

and AHU will be through CCMS. Classrooms ad office areas will be served by fan

coil unit (FCUs) and PAUs to have localized control and to suit the various

operational profiles. Dehumidifier will be provided for studios where require high

humidity control and 24 hours air-conditioning for the special equipment housed

inside. Variable refrigerant volume (VRV) split type air-conditioners shall be provided

to server rooms and studio control room on 5/F and 8/F respectively.

Air handling equipment, central chiller plants, chilled water circulation pumps and

ventilation systems should be monitored and controlled via DDC controllers. All

alarm, status, feedback, filters, clogged status, etc., should be displayed on the CCMS

system.

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3.4 Electrical Installation

Active harmonic filter is provided for electrical distribution system to improve the

power quality such as total harmonic distortion (THD). Uninterrupted power supply

system (UPS) and emergency generator is utilized to maintain the power supply for

computer server network system during power interruption. Photo-electric sensor is

provided for controlling of landscape lighting. Security, public address, closed circuit

television (CCTV), information technology (IT) and computer, telephone and TV

system should be provided.

3.5 Lift and Escalator

4 numbers of disabled / passenger lifts and 1 number of cargo / firemen lift served for

G/F to 10/F of this building. Disabled / passenger lifts should be machine roomless

type and cargo / firemen lift should be machine room type. The capacity of machine

roomless type lift is 1600 kg (21 persons) and of machine room type lift is 3000 kg

(24persons). The contract speed of machine roomless type lift is 1.75 m/s and of

machine room type lift is 1.6 m/s. Two parallel escalators utilized for G/F to 1/F

within the building especially for heavy traffic area like gallery where will be public

visit.

The summarized information of School of Communication-cum-School of Creative /

Visual Arts Building:

Site Area : 4300 m2

Construction Floor Area : 17,759 m2

Gross Floor Area : 14,104 m2

Total Number of Storeys : 11 Storeys + 1 Basement

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Year of Completion : 2011

Owner / Management Company : Hong Kong Baptist University / Facility

Management Office

The summarized features of this school of communication-cum-school of creative /

visual arts building:

Located at Kowloon Tong where is quiet and beautiful environment near low

density residential building

Far away from MTR station and bus routes

Green roofs as habitat and extra layer of insulation

Low emission glass as curtain wall system to limit the solar heat gain

Linoleum floor finish used in lobby, corridor, offices, classrooms and studios is

an environmental friendly product which is made from natural and raw materials.

Life span of linoleum floor can last for 40 years or more.

1860 m2 garden for exhibition space for sculpture and as an informal tutorial

area for art students.

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4 Methodology of Assessment

In this assessment, five members formed an audit team to carry out an audit based on

the IBI manual in third edition 2005. Division of modules assessment for handling

this audit would be shown:

Name Modules Audited

Lo Yiu Kwok M1 : Green, M2 : Space

Lui Kwok Leung, Chris M3 : Comfort, M4 : Working Efficiency

Ng Wai Kwong, Alvin M5 : Culture, M6 : High-tech Image

Chan Yat Yung M7: Safety & Structure, M8 : Management

Practice & Security

Cheng Hellen M9 : Cost Effectiveness, M10 : Health

Sanitation

The measured data from this building was taken into consideration and our team made

judgment after discussion for conclusion. Some technical and detailed information

found out on the drawings and design specification from consultant and architect.

To assess the state of this building, the audit process was followed as below:

Collection of building information and technical data

We made an elaborate study of the IBI manual for understand the content of 10

Quality Environment Modules so as to set the required information throughout

auditing process. After that, the team would proceed by:

To collect background information of building

To make a request of information and technical data such as design criteria &

features, design specification of equipment & building material, schematic

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diagrams, layout plan provided by architect and consultant.

Assessment of building performance based collected information

We studied the collected information and technical data to assess the building

performance based on ten quality environment modules of IBI manual. According to

the collected information and technical data, we prepared the audit report by:

To describe the features and deign criteria of building in the report

To conduct an interview with architect and consultant to obtain supplementary

information.

To analyze the collected information & technical data and complete the

assessment in accordance with all element of intelligent building index of IBI

modules.

To calculate the overall IBI score in compliance with the weighting for education

institution.

Intelligent Building Index (IBI)

Asia Institute of Intelligent Building (AIIB) is able to develop the quantitative and

comprehensive assessment method for an intelligent building, call The Intelligent

Building Index (The IBI). All buildings, existing or under construction, can be

assigned the IBI which is a score within the range from 1 to 100. Referring to Table B

of IBI manual, the building rankings by IBI score was shown on the following table:

IBI score Ranking Description80-100 A Distinction Building

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60-79.9 B Credit Building

50-59.9 C Fair Building

1-49.9 D To be improved

Table B, Building Rankings

The IBI is further categorized into ten indices based on the ten Quality Environment

Modules:

M1 : Green M6 : High-tech Image

M2 : Space M7 : Safety & Structure

M3 : Comfort M8 : Management Practice & Security

M4 : Working efficiency M9 : Cost Effectiveness

M5 : Culture M10 : Health & Sanitation

As it is the greatest concern about intelligent building assessment is that the positive

impact on the building performance or gain in productivity of building occupants.

The attributes of intelligent building are significant and has been taken into account in

the design phrase of building.

The ratable degrees of the ten quality environment modules of Intelligent

Building Index (IBI) constructed by the Asian Institute of Intelligent Buildings

(AIIB) in order to obtain the prevalent and objective views of the building in

terms of Intelligent Building;

Relationship between the degree of the ten quality environment modules

expressed by our group and the corresponding aspects and comparison of this

with the prevalent standards; and

The most significant factors of the building attributed to the intelligent building.

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5 Assumption of Intelligent Building Assessment

Owing to under construction of school building, on-site measurement should not be

carried out throughout site investigation and some photos were taken only. These

results of assessment were only reflected the building performance based on the

design information and data such as design criteria, technical specification and

drawing.

As above mentioned, testing and commissioning of building services system by using

instruments and equipments should not be performed in the system operation. The

accuracy of results of such parameters for building performance audit is slightly

effect.

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6 Finding and Summary of Calculation

Referring to weighting in the Table 2 of IBI manual, it is classified five type of

building for assessment. That is Commercial (Office) Buildings, Hospitals,

Residential Buildings, Hotels and Educational Institutions and the weighting of

modules shall be adopted for different type of buildings as shown as below:

Type of Building M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10

Commercial (Office) Buildings 7 8.5 7.5 9 6 8.5 6.5 7 6 8

Hospitals 7 5 7 6 2 4 8 7.5 1 9Residential Buildings 6.5 2 9 4 7 2 7 8 3 94

Hotels 4 6 9 5 4 7 6.5 8 3 8

Educational Institutions 7 8.5 6.5 9 8 5 6.5 6 4 8

Table 2 Weighting (Y)

From the site assessment, it was found that the environmental parameters of the

building in general lie within standards. In order to analyze the variation in

prevalence of the building in terms of the IBI Model, the results of the various

modules were summarized in the following table.

Audit Findings in

School of Communication-cum-School of Creative / Visual Arts Building

based on IBI Manual Version 3.0

Mi Weighting Factor

M1 Green 7M2 Space 8.5M3 Comfort 6.5M4 Working Efficiency 9M5 Culture 8M6 High-tech Image 5M7 Safety & Structure 6.5M8 Management Practice & Security 6M9 Cost Effectiveness 4M10 Health & Sanitation 8

IBI:

Building Ranking B (Credit Building)

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As shown from the above table, the highest score index is M4 (Working Efficiency

Index) and the lowest score index is M5 (Culture Index).

The major reason of the highest score of M4 is simply because the assessed buildingis a relative new building. The most of the parameters of this index are covered in the

design stage of the building construction. Only some minor areas such as the

provision of carpark space or factors greatly dependent on the provision of tenants are

not fully covered.

Whereas the Culture Index scores a lowest mark as the design of the building is

mainly put in the fully utilization of the space of the building and hence limited effort

had been put on this field.

Module 1 Green Index

Many green features are provided for school of communication-cum-school of

creative / visual arts building.

i) Podium garden and sculpture garden

Podium garden is provided at level 3 of the building to serve as an outdoor studio to

cope with various requirements in art training. Sculpture garden created through a

combination of these feature elements will be a series of outdoor rooms containing

seating and spaces for exhibition.

ii) Air cooled heat recovery chillers

Waste heat of air cooled heat recovery chillers is rejected for using reheating and

humidity control of air-conditioning system to achieve the energy efficiency.

Module 2 Space Index

i) Natural Ventilation of Carpark

32 numbers of carpark is located at open space of ground floor. Mechanical

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ventilation is not provided to obtain the energy efficiency because of adequate natural

ventilation.

ii) Sunlight of Carkpark

Electricity power for lighting of carpark can be minimized. There is located at open

space of ground floor so sunlight always provides the illumination.

Module 3 Comfort Index

Based on the original design, the provisions of lavatory fittings are in-sufficiently

provided (refer to 3.11 Lavatory and provision of appliances: Number) especially in

1/F Classroom and Male Toilet at 1-10/F. The following table showing the required

and provided number of sanitary fittings inside School of Communication & Creative/

Arts Building:

Use GFA

(sq.m.)

Male W.C. Pan Basin Urinal

Required Provided Required Provided Required Provided

1/F 835 180P 6 3 6 3 4 3

2/F 920 90P 4 3 4 3 2 3

Typical at

3-10/F

1,078 100P 4 3 4 3 2 3

Use U.F.S.

(s.m.)

Female W.C. Pan Basin

Required Provided Required Provided

1/F 835 180P 9 6 6 4

2/F 920 90P 5 6 4 4

Typical at

3-10/F

1,078 100P 5 6 4 4

On the other hand, the lift design such as the speed is fast and efficient which using 4

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nos. of 1.75m/s speed of lift, travel time form G/F-10/F can be calculated to use 25.7s

is efficient.

The entrance width is found not enough while the peak hour such as morning, lunch

& after school period. About a thousand population fall will happen which the

improvement work to be considered.

No entertainment facilities should be provided inside the building area which is not

suitable for University Campus. Further review planning of room usage and purpose

to be recommended, aim to provide a lot bit facilities into building may be better.

Not available to review the condition such as the MVAC, lavatory accessories &

Lighting performance etc because the building is still in construction and not yet in

operation. Those items is reflected the performance index in future facilities

management and to be improved on our assessment after building in operation.

Module 4 Working Efficiency Index

Based on the original design, the proper car park provision is provided which have a

better convenience for those University Professor, lecturer and outside guest.

The appreciated of the high tech facilities provision such as the ELV, IT & optic fibre

trunking and clean earth are provided into the design drawings. Further outside

broadband services provider can easily to set up their network inside the building and

convenience to further University Facility Management.

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Not available to review the condition such as the MVAC, high tech & Lighting

performance etc because the building is still in construction and not yet in operation.

Those items is reflected the performance index in future facilities management and to

be improved on our assessment after building in operation.

Module 5 Culture Index

Since the building is a purpose-built academic building, it focuses more on the interior

design for teaching rooms, lecture theatres, workshops, studios, galleries etc. No food

and beverage supply is available inside the building. One of the special features is that

a 1860 m2 garden for exhibition space for sculpture and as an informal tutorial area

for art students which can be treated as a entertainment facility within the building.

The landscape immediately adjacent to the building is provided with small garden,

walkways and greenery inside the building as a mean to reduce green island effect.

The building is sited near other educational institution like HKIVE (Lee Wai Lee),

some secondary schools and low density residential buildings. Therefore, the

harmonization is quite good for this building. As it is surrounded by low rise

residential building, the external view is acceptable because it is not blocked by any

building towards Western Kowloon.

Module 6 High-tech Image Index

In general, this building has a good provision of electrical supply and broadband

internet according to its design. Smart card access control system and CCTV system

are employed for security control in the building. Raise floor is adopted in server

rooms which provides space for trucking, pipe duct etc. It is convenient for facility

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management team to carry out maintenance works with ease. Building automation

system (BAS) is included in design to control and monitor the ACMV system,

electrical power, lighting, fire services and lift system which greatly reduces the

manpower in daily operation and maintenance. Extensive use of robots is still not

applicable in the building as the teaching facilities can control easily by occupants and

building services equipments are connected with BAS for remote control and

monitoring. No horizontal people mover is applied in the building since the site area

is only 4300m2. It is not economical to install a system in a small area and the system

will occupy more space inside the building. Some items cannot be assessed as the

building is still under construction.

Module 7 Safety and Structure Index

Since lift supervisory system comprise LCD CCTV monitor and intercom in each lift

car. Therefore, IBA scheme item 7.16 (Time to identify trapped passengers without a

mobile phone), building management can identify the trapped passenger very fast.

As the building is being construction stage, we assume that IBA scheme item 7.23

(Water leakage during raining seasons) and 7.24 (Cracks on finishes or spalling) are

not consist of this moment.

Under the IBA scheme item 7.20 (Essential electric power), it backed up by

emergency generator. For this building, the percentage of total essential electric power

inside a building is more than 20% of the whole power supply. The emergency

generator will provide power to emergency, FS system, lifts homing, Firemans lift

system, PA system and server computers, and security systems in emergency.

Meanwhile, Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) will be provided for the computer

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server rooms. It will provide the power to the sever in emergency.

Moreover, under the IBA scheme item 7.30 (Water cooling tower for non-residential

buildings), the rating of this element is to count and comment the water treatment and

sampling testing of legionella bacteria and total bacteria content. This element is also

linked to 8.37 and 10.31.

To be classified as good maintained water cooling tower, there shall be a regular and

periodic water treatment and sampling testing scheme to be implemented. In

addition, the self-monitoring cleaning system and 1 no. of chemical tanks is installed

so that the quality of chiller water circulates within cooling tower can be maintained.

We would comment that design is the strength and score high rating in the element.

Also, the proposed weighting of this element is opined to be reasonable since it is

contribute one of the critical factor in the hygienic issue and affect the Indoor Air

Quality (IAQ).

M8 Management Practice and Security Index

Under the IBA scheme item 8.19 (Number of unmonitored exits and entrances), the

rating of this element is to count the percentage of free exits and entrances under

monitoring no matter the points are monitored by CCTV, human keepers or locked. It

is opined that the exits and entrances are the connections between the building and the

outside world. Hence, the illegal intruders can easily get into and escape from the

building through unmonitored exits and entrances. As such, this kind of points shall

be eliminated as many as possible.

To get a high score in this element, all the entrances and exits shall be fulfill the

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aforesaid criteria. In addition, the frequent patrol by the security guard also is the

strength and score high rating in the element. Also, the proposed weighting of this

element is opined to be reasonable since it is contribute one of the critical factors in

the security issue and prevent of crime.

Module 10 Health & Sanitation Index

Under the IBA scheme item 10.14 (Drainage bonus points), there are three criteria

fulfilled by the BU drainage design i.e.:

i.) Two-pipe system drainage design separating the WC discharge and all

others

For the hygiene reason, there is two pipe drainage system design (that means one soil

stack and one waste stack) adopted for BU. It can be reduce the distribution of virus

through the drainage pipework.

ii.) Proper access facilities from common areas for regular inspection and

maintenance of drainage pipes/fittings

Accordance with the PNAP 218, revised issued in February 2004, all pipe duct should

be located in public access area such that all the drainage pipe should be proper

accessed.

iii.) Durable pipe- Epoxy coated

The epoxy coated drainage pipe which is more durable than general used cast iron or

uPVC pipe is adopted.

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7 Special Features

From the assessment of the School, there are some special features and discussed in

the following:-

7.1 Rain Water Recycling System

Rain Water Recycling system is adopted in the School Institution.

Fig7.1 Rain Water Recycling System

The Rain water is collected by the rain water recycling tanks and it shall be

pumped into irrigation water tank by passing through the Activated Carbon Filter

(Shown on Fig. 7.3) and UV light (Shown on Fig. 7.2) sterilization System. The

Activated Carbon Filter is used for remove particle and odor smell and the UV

light sterilization is used for kill the bacteria. The details arrangement is shown in

Fig. 7.1. The overflow rain water tank shall be collected by the drain with pit so

that the flooding of rain water recycling tank can be prevented.

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Fig 7.2 - UV light Fig. 7.3 Activated Carbon Filter

7.2 Air-cooled Heat Recovery Chiller

For purpose of energy efficiency, the air-cooled chillers should be heat recovery

type so that the waste heat rejected by chillers can be used for reheating and

humidity control of air-conditioning system.

7.3 Green Roof

Green roof is used to reduce the heating by adding and thermal resistance value

moreover; it can filter pollutants and heavy metals out of rainwater and increase

life span of roof.

7.4 Active Harmonic Filter System

Active harmonic filter is provided for electrical distribution system to improve the

power quality such as total harmonic distortion (THD). Performance of harmonic

filter can be achieved total harmonic distortion not greater than 5% of

fundamental current to resolve the overheating distribution transformers,

overloading neutral conductors, distorted supply voltage waveform and inefficient

distribution of electrical power.

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8 Recommendations and Improvements

Module 2 Space Index

Location of school is far away from main public transport terminals. The routine

shuttle bus which is charge fee should be arranged to allocate the location (e.g. MTR

station and bus terminal) for busy time.

Module 3 Comfort Index

Review modification of in-sufficient lavatories facilities quantities are essential at 1/F

Male & Female Toilet and 2-10/F Male Toilet by E&M consultant.

Population fall during peak hour should be reviewed for consideration another

entrance assess to avoid the risk of overcrowding happened.

Recommendation of provide a entertainment facilities to students are essential for

benefit of studying environment.

Further performance review is recommended after buildings in operation which will

be provided a full picture and accurate result of IB assessment.

Module 4 Working Efficiency Index

The number of carpark area is too limited to satisfy the need of existing users and

visitors. In order to increase the efficiency of the building, the number of carpark

spaces must be raised to meet the standard/ requirements.

Public conference and meeting facilities is provided at building for highly

convenience for both student & lecturer.

Further performance review is recommended especially in high tech facilities after

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building in operation which will be provided a full picture and accurate result of IB

assessment.

Module 7 The Safety and Structure Index

Due to the assessment building is under construction stage, the safety management

system, settlement monitoring plan, building risk management plan & security &

crowd control management plan are not available to take the assessment. However,

these are most important factors for the good management. The scale and scope of

these managements are recommended in the future. As the good risk management can

reduce the negative consequence occur..

Module 8 - The Management Practice and Security Index

Due to the assessment building is under construction stage, the potable water tanks

cleaning frequency, flushing water tanks cleaning frequency, potable & flushing water

- management practice & pest and mosquitoes control - management practice are not

available to take the assessment. Although the recent outbreaks of avian influenza in a

number of countries and areas, including Hong Kong. Therefore we recommended

frequency and regular cleaning to maintain tidiness and hygiene is very essential.

Module 9 - Cost Effectiveness

The cost effectiveness ratio calculated is derived from many uncertainty factors and

can be suitable for reference only. It is difficult to find and cannot be adopted for new

development. It is recommended to develop a coefficient that can simplify the

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formula and can derive a table of benchmarking for different kinds of properties.

Module 10 Health & Sanitation

According to the architectural plan, there is no any refuse collection room. It is

inconvenience for the property management operation. Although, there are mostly

classroom, lecture hall and office, it is also recommend to provide a refuse collection

room and placed the recycling bins in the educational institutions.

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9 Conclusions

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11 Appendices

Report 21072009(BU)

Documents

Transcript of Report 21072009(BU)