LPI 101 Ch04 Install a Linux System

8/9/2019 LPI 101 Ch04 Install a Linux System

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Chapter4

Install a Linux System


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ObjectivesObjectives

Identify the types of system, hardware, and network

setting necessary for Linux installation

Describe the need for pre-installation procedures

Describe the different types of file system: ext2, ext3,

ReiserFS, XFS and JFS

Describe the procedures for CDROM or network

installation

List and describe different types of boot loaders

List and describe system initialization, boot sequences,

and boot files


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Installation OptionsInstallation Options

You can install from local CD-ROMor across a

network

Networkinstallation will allow you to install

from a volume on a network server, a shared

CD-ROM on a remote host, or directly off

Internet using ftp or http protocols


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Type of Servers and WorkstationsType of Servers and Workstations

Application server :allows applications to be stored on

one system. Workstations can can access and run

applications remotely

Character-mode workstation : a system without a

graphical environment.

Development workstation : provides a complete set of

compilers, programming languages,


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Type of Servers and WorkstationsType of Servers and Workstations

Internet gateway : often use by small bussinesses to get

on the Internet and host mail, web services.

LAN and Intranet server : office file and print server.

Personal workstation : a graphical environment with

multimedia capabilities.

Real-time system : provides a functionality forimplementing a real-time system.

Thin client : a system that maintains all programs on a

central server, accessible to all users


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Identify Your HardwareIdentify Your Hardware

You will be required to identify your hardware

during the installation process. The easiest

method is to gather your system/component

documentation


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Determine Network SettingsDetermine Network Settings

If you will be connecting to a network without DHCP, ask these

information from administrator :

IP address

Network

Gateway IP address

Name server IP address

Domain name

Hostname

If you have DHCP, these information will be provided to the

client system automatically


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InstallingInstallingFromFromaaCD-ROMCD-ROM

Its commonly used to install Linux. Be sure to

create a boot floppy if the distribution or your

system is NOT capable of booting from a CD-

ROM

Creating a boot floppy : On Linux : use dd command

On Windows : use rawrite.exe program


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InstallingInstallingFromFromaa NetworkNetwork

FTP: You can download a Linux distribution from the

Internet if you have network access.

NFSserver: Mount the distribution's CD-ROM on a

machine that supports ISO-9660 file systems with Rock

Ridge extensions or copy all of the CD-ROM's files into a

subdirectory tree on the NFS server.

SMBs shared volume: Mount the CD-ROM on a Windows

server that supports shared volumes.


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GENERALGENERALINSTALLATIONINSTALLATIONSTEPSSTEPS

Install or Upgrade

Disk Partitioning

Software Choices

Hardware Configuration

System Settings

X Windows System Installation


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Disk PartitioningDisk Partitioning

The hard disk will need to be prepared for use with Linux :

partitioningandformattingwith the desired file system type.

Disk partitioning : divide disk into separate parts, sections. It

prevents unwanted changes affecting or jeopardizing to entire

disk. It protects user disk space, improves performance,

There are three kinds of partitions :primary, extendedand

logical. There can be up to fourprimary partitions on a drive. To

get more partitions, an extendedpartition can be used that acts as

a container forlogicalpartitions.Theres only one extended

partition per drive.


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Disk Partitioning schemaDisk Partitioning schema

With a 10GB hard disk, you can partition as follow :

/boot 50MB (Linux RedHat 7.x)

swap 256MB

/ 2GB

/home 2GB

/usr 2GB

/opt 1.5GB

/var 2GB


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File System TypesFile System Types

Linux has the capability to support a variety of

file systems, the most popular are the ext2fs,ext3fs,ReiserFS,JFS,XFS, file systems

ext2fs : was implemented in the 2.2 kernel and

isfound on most Linux machines. While simple

and efficient, ext2fs lacks journaling features


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ext3fs : allowing files names up to 256

characters and file system sizes up to 4

terabytes, ext3fs is very similar to ext2fs

structurally: in fact, changing a ext2fs file

system to an ext3fs is not difficult. The major

addition to ext2fs in ext3fs isjournaling.Journaling reduces the disk check time to a

minimum after a crash and helps reduce the risk

of lost data


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ReiserFS: is another journaling file system as well as

a "balanced tree system. For more information, visit

website:

http://www.namesys.com/

XFS: is also a journaling file system, designed by SGI

(Silicon Graphics). It can support very large file size :

8,129 petabytes, about 8,129,000,000 gigabytes

JFS: Journaling File System, designed by IBM


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Partitioning the Drive withPartitioning the Drive with fdiskfdisk

Its used to partition a hard disk in preparation

for a Linux installation

You must have a plan before partitioning :

number of partitions , what they will be used for,and thespace required for each partition


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DriveDriveandandPartitionPartitionNamesNames

Drive name:

IDE : /dev/hdx(x = a,b,c,d)

SCSI : /dev/sdx(x= a,b,c,b)

Partition name :

IDE : /dev/hdxn(n=1,2,..)

SCSI : /dev/sdxn(n=1,2,..)


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fdiskfdiskCommandsCommands

a toggle a bootable flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty MS-DOS partition table

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

t change a partition's system id

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

x extra functionality (experts only)


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Partition AttributesPartition Attributes

Primary orextendedpartition (specify one as extended if

you want to add logical partitions)

Partitionnumber(begin at one, unless you are keeping an

existing partition)

General category:

Specify thefirst cylinderto be used

The last cylinderto be used, or specify the total space required by

entering the following :+nKor+nM where + is the plus symbol, n

is the number of Kilobytes or Megabytes, KisKilobytes, M is

Megabytes


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Partition ID TypePartition ID Type

Use the t command to assign a partition ID

type to each partition that youre going to

create ext2fs : 83

swap : 82

Use l command to list all known partition ID

types


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Other Partitioning MethodsOther Partitioning Methods

There are other disk partitioning methodsavailable such as cfdisk (which uses

interactive text menus instead of commands),

Partition Magic, and Disk Druid


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Software ChoicesSoftware Choices

Once the disk is prepared, the desired software,or packages, must be decided on and installed.

During this point, the operating system itself is

installed on the disk as well


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Hardware ConfigurationHardware Configuration

Basic hardware is usually configured after the

OS and the software has been installed, such as

the mouse, video card, and network card


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X Windows System InstallationX Windows System Installation

The GUI environment, X Window System, can

be installed and configured during installation

by most distributions


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LINUX BOOT LOADERSLINUX BOOT LOADERS

A boot loader generally allows an interface for the user to

choose OS to work between various Linux versions or other

operating systems

Boot loaders include: LILO (the Linux LOader)

GRUB (GRand Unified Bootloader)

LOADLIN (an MS-DOS boot loader)

Choose-OS (a menu-based, fully-configurable modular boot loader for

Linux)

System Commander (allows multiple OSs to be booted)


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The 1024 Cylinder LimitThe 1024 Cylinder Limit

The boot loader uses BIOS functions to load the kernel into

memory. Some BIOS can NOT boot from a partition

containing the kernel using cylinders numbered over 1023.Abootable partition must be contained entirely within the first

1024 cylinders

If you haveLBA (Logical Block Addressing) supportenabled on both your BIOS as well as the hard drive, then

boot loaders such as GRUB and LILO can boot Linux if you

have the kernel after the 1024 cylinders


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LILO (Linux Loader)LILO (Linux Loader)

LILO is a boot loader, only used on x86 systems,SPARC systems use SILO and Alpha systems use

MILO

How to install ?- Install LILO manually from the packet

- Let your Linux automatically install LILO

Where to install ? first 1024 logical cylinders- On a diskette

- In the boot sectorof a primary or logical Linuxpartition on thefirstharddisk

- In the Master Boot Record


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LILO Configuration FileLILO Configuration File

[root@lpi linux-2.4]# more/etc/lilo.conftimeout=50

default=linux

boot=/dev/hda

root=/dev/hda1

message=/boot/message

image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.7-10label=linux

read-only

root=/dev/hda5

...


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Using LILO to Test a New KernelUsing LILO to Test a New Kernel

Make new entry in /etc/lilo.conf for

your new kernel :

image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.19-16

label=My New Kernel

read-only

Run /sbin/lilo v command *

Boot with new kernel and observe


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LILO Commands OptionsLILO Commands Options

LILO command options

/sbin/lilo -q: queries the LILO map

/sbin/lilo -R: sets default command line for next reboot

/sbin/lilo -I: reports the path name ofcurrent kernel

/sbin/lilo {-u | -U}: uninstalls LILO

See man lilo for more details


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GRUB (GRUB (GRGRandand UUnifiednified BBootloader)ootloader)

GRUB can boot multiple OS and quickly gainingpopularity, may soon replace LILO

How to install ?

- Install GRUB manually

- Let your Linux automatically install GRUB

Where to install ? first 1024 logical cylinders

- On a diskette

- In the boot sector of a primary or logical Linuxpartition on the first harddisk

- In the Master Boot Record

You DONT need to run /sbin/grub to update theconfiguration in file /etc/grub.conf


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LOADLINLOADLIN

Its a MS-DOS program that can launch aLinux kernel from DOS prompt.This is very

useful if you have hardware that relies on MS-

DOS driver.


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SYSTEM INITIALIZATIONSYSTEM INITIALIZATION

1. BIOS/POST

2. MBR(LILO or GRUB)

3. Kernel+initd

4. /linuxrc on initrd (optional)5. mount root file system

6. find and execute /sbin/init (or execute init= program)

7. /etc/inittab

8. /etc/rc.d/ scritps

- rc.sysinit (Red Hat)

- the rc script

9. getty & display manager (xdm, k(3m, gdm, etc.)


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SYSTEM INITIALIZATIONSYSTEM INITIALIZATION

Other Linux distributions do things differrently,

with particular boot sequence

The boot messages move very fast. To view

these messages after the system is up, use

dmesg command for review hardwareinitialization or view /var/log/messages

file


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SummarySummary

Identify the types of system, hardware, and networksetting necessary for Linux installation

Describe the need for pre-installation procedures

Describe the different types of file system: ext2, ext3,

ReiserFS, XFS and JFS

Describe the procedures for CDROM or network

installation

List and describe different types of boot loaders

List and describe system initialization, boot sequences,

and boot files


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INSTALLTIONINSTALLTION

Redhat 7.1Swap = ram x2

/boot 50MB

/ available free

Redhat AS 4 Update 3

Swap = ram x2/boot 50MB

/ available free

LPI 101 Ch04 Install a Linux System

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Transcript of LPI 101 Ch04 Install a Linux System