k|f/le+s jftfj/l0fo kl/If0f · Web viewkj{t lhNnf klZdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf] dWo kxf8L lhNnf xf] . o;...

k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg, )&# lh=la=;=, kj{t

cWofo Ps M kl/ro!=!= k|:tfjsf] gfdM sfnLu08sL gbL, df]bL, n'ªbL,

n:tL, ;]bL, ndfo, dNofËbL, /lt / hx/] vf]nfaf6 9'Ëf, lu§L / jfn'jfsf] lbuf] ;+sng tyf pTvgg\ ug]{ sfo{sf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f

!=@= k|:tfjssf] gfd / 7]ufgf >L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, kj{tkmf]g g+= )^&–$@)!(&, )^&–$@)!%$ km\ofS; g+= )^&–$@)!%$Website: www.ddcparbat.gov.npwww.ddcbajhang.gov.np E–mail: [email protected]

!=# k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg{] AolQm jf ;+:yfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, kj{t . jftfj/0fLo cWoog tyf gSzf tof/df ;xof]uM d08]nf O{lGhlgol/ª sG;N6]G;L k|f=ln=,lslt{k'/–@ .

!=$ cWoog 6f]nLsfnLu08sL gbL, df]bL, n'ªbL, n:tL, ;]bL, ndfo, dNofËbL, /lt / hx/] vf]nfaf6 9'Ëf, lu§L / jfn'jfsf] lbuf] ;+sng tyf pTvgg\ ug]{ sfo{sf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo cWoog -IEE_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, kj{tsf sfo{qmd clws[t >L t'n;L/fd zdf{, /fh:j ;Dks{ JolQm ;fdflhs kl/rfng clws[t >L rGb|jxfb'/ If]qL, O{l~hlgo/ lzj/fh a/fn, gf=;'= b]jLk|;fb kf}8]nsf] 6f]nLåf/f ul/Psf] xf] . o; cWoognfO{ k"0f{tf lbgsf] nflu k|fljlws ;xof]u eg] d08]nf Ol~hlgol/ª sG;N6]G;Ln] u/]sf] lyof] .

!=% k|:tfjsf] k[i7e'ldkj{t lhNnf klZdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf] dWo kxf8L lhNnf xf] . o; lhNnf eP/ axg] sfnLu08sL gbL, df]bL, n'ªbL, n:tL, ;]bL, ndfo, dNofËbL,

1


/lt / hx/] vf]nfaf6 laleGg lsl;dsf 9'Ëf, jfn'jf / lu§L pknAw x'b} cfO{/x]sf 5g\ . o;/L ;+sng ul/Psf 9'Ëf, jfn'jf, lu§Lsf] :yfgLo af;LGbfx?sf] dfgjLo cfjZostf cg';f/ 3/ lgdf{0f, k'nx? lgdf{0f / af6f] 3f6f]sf] nflu cfjZos kg{] sRrf kbfy{ pknAw x'b} cfO/x]sf] 5 . k|fs[lts?kdf pknAw x'g] 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jfsf] plrt ;b'kof]u u/]/ :yfgLo hgtfsf] dfu kl/k"lt{ ug{] clek|fon] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, kj{tn] pTvgg\÷;+sngsf] sfo{nfO{ cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 . sfnLu08sL gbL, df]bL, n'ªbL, n:tL, ;]bL, ndfo, dNofËbL, /lt / hx/] vf]nfaf6 lgDg pNn]lvt rf/ lsNnf l;dfgf leqaf6 ;+sng tyf pTvgg\ sfo{ ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu of] k|:tfj tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 .k|fs[lts ;|f]tx? dWo] 9'Ëf, afn'jf / lu§L hgtfsf] cTofjZos j:t'x?sf] ?kdf /x]sfn] lo >f]tx?sf] ;xh cfk"lt{ tyf lbuf] Aoj:yfkg x'g' cfjZos x'G5 . /fHon] lnPsf] gLlt ef}lts k"af{wf/sf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg u/L ul/jL Go'gLs/0fdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg] nIo cg'?k o; lhNnfdf kfO{g] ;Dk"0f{ gbLhGo a:t'x? -9'Ëf, afn'jf / lu§L_ nfO{ oxfFsf hgtfx?n] cfly{s lasf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg] u/L clwstd\ pkof]u ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . o;sf] ;+sng / laqmLaf6 u|fdL0f hgtfx?n] /f]huf/ kfpg'sf ;fy} lhNnf / b]znfO{ /fh:j k|fKt eO{ lhNnf tyf b]zsf] cfly{s lasf;df 6]jf k'¥ofPsf] 5 . o; lhNnfsf] sfnLu08sL gbL, df]bL, n'ªbL, n:tL, ;]bL, dNofËbL, ndfo, /lt / hx/] vf]nfaf6 pknAw x'g] 9'Ëf, afn'jf / lu§L ;+sng tyf ;b'kof]uaf6 k|z:t dfqfdf /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf >[hgf eO{ u|fdL0f hgtfsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs cj:yf ;'wf/ ug{ d2t k'Ug] b]lvG5 . log} >f]tdf cfwfl/t s]xL pBf]ux? ;d]t ;~rfngdf cfpg ;Sg] ;Defjgfn] lo >f]tx?sf] lbuf] Aoj:yfkg ug'{ 68\sf/f] cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 .lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, kj{tn] sfnLu08sL gbL, df]bL, n'ªbL, n:tL, ;]bL, dNofËbL, ndfo, /lt / hx/] vf]nfaf6 ;+sng÷pTvgg\ ul/g] 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf ;+sngsf] nflu lautsf lbgx?af6 g} k|of; ub}{ cfPsf] lyof] . t/ o;n] Tolt w]/} Aojl:yt eg] x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . xfnsf kl5Nnf lbgx?df cfkm\gf] lghL au/sf] ?kdf jftfj/0fnfO{ Vofn} gu/L Aoj;flos?kdf 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jfsf] sf/f]af/ ub}{ cfPsf s]lx :yfgsf au/df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, kj{tn] k|fljwLsåf/f gfkhfFr u/L xfn;Dd AolQmut elgPsf o:tf au/x?nfO{ xfn lh=lj=;=n] kl/rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . laz]if u/L sfnLu08sL gbL cf;kf;sf If]qsf au/x?df k|z:t} dfqfdf 9'Ëf, /f]8f,

2


afn'jf x'g] ub{5 eg] cGo vf]nfdf ;fdfGo?kdf dfq} x'g] ub{5 . lhNnfdf /x]sf oL gbL, vf]nfx?n] aiff{t\sf dlxgfx?df o:tf 9'Ëf, /f]8f, afn'jfx? hDdf ug]{ ub{5 . sfnLu08sL gbLn] k|foM ;a}h;f] dlxgfdf afn'jf eg] NofO{ /x]sf] x'G5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, kj{tn] klxnf] k6s cf=j= @)&)÷)&! df k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L jiff{t\sf dlxgfdf gbLhGo kbfy{x? pTvgg\\ tyf ;+sngsf nflu k|ltjGw nufPsf]df lhNnfdf afn'jfhGo lgdf{0fd'lv a:t'sf] cefj ;d]t b]lvg k'u]sf] 5 . o;n] cfd gful/sdf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f;DaGwL ;r]tgfdf a[l4 ePsf] 5 eg] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfDbfgLdf klg a[l4 ePsf] 5 .

!=^ IEE sf] p2]Zok|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] d'Vo p2]Zo lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ .

kj{t lhNnf eP/ axg] sfnLu08sL gbL, df]bL, n'ªbL, n:tL, ;]bL, dNofËbL, ndfo, /lt / hx/] vf]nfaf6 jftfj/0fd}qL 9Ën] 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf ;++sng tyf pTvgg\ sfo{sf] kl/df0f Plsg ug]{,

vf]nfx?sf] Morphology oyfl:ytLdf /fvL downstream sediment load j9\g glbO{ gbLsf] jxfj / wf/nfO{ lg/Gt/ ultdf axg lbg] u/L tf]lsP jdf]lhd 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflbsf] pTvgg\÷;+sng ug]{ .

pTvgg\\ ug]{ sfo{sf] k|:tfljt If]qsf] h}ljs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ef}lts / ;f+:s[lts ljifox?sf] tYofÍ ;+sng u/L To;df kg{ ;Sg] ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds k|efjx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .

k|lts"n k|efjnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ / cg's"n k|efjnfO{ clwstd cg'u|x0f ug]{ pkfox? canDag ug{ ;'emfj lbg] .

pTvgg\\ ug]{ sfo{sf] k|:tfljt If]qsf] k|:tfj sfof{GjognfO{ k|efjsf/L jgfpgsf] nflu cg'udg ljlw to ug]{ .

k|:tfj sfof{Gjogaf6 jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] k|efjsf ;DaGwdf ;/sf]/jfnfx?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{ ;DjlGwt lgsfonfO{ plrt lg0f{o lng ;3fp k'¥ofpg] .

9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf ;+sng tyf pTvgg\\ ug]{ sfo{sf] jftfj/0fd}qL lbuf] ;+sng ljlw klxrfg u/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{ .

3


cWofo b'O{ M k|:tfjsf] ;fdfGo kl/ro@=! k|:tfjsf] k|sf/

of] k|:tfj sfnLu08sL gbL, df]bL, n'ªbL, n:tL, ;]bL, dNofËbL, ndfo, /lt / hx/] vf]nfaf6 9'Ëf, lu§L / jfn'jfsf] lbuf] ;+sng tyf pTvgg\ ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] .

@=!=@ k|:tfjsf] ;fGble{stf

jftf/0f ;+/If0f P]g @)%# sf] bkmf # tyf jftf/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL @)%$ cGtu{tsf] lgod # cg';f/ s'g}klg ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{ ;~rfng ubf{ jftf/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds k|efjx? k/LIf0f u/L ;sf/fTds k|efjx? j9L b]lvPdf k|:tfljt sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{ tyf gsf/fTds k|efjx? cem Go'gLs/0f jf lg/fs/0f ug]{ tyf ;sf/fTds k|efjx?nfO{ j9fjf lbg of] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] k|:tfjsf] ;fGble{stf /x]sf] 5 .

@=@ k|:tfjsf] k|d'v ljz]iftfx? !=k|:tfjsf] gfdM sfnLu08sL gbL, df]bL, n'ªbL,

n:tL, ;]bL, dNofËbL, ndfo, /lt / hx/] vf]nfaf6 9'ËF ,lu§L / jfn'jfsf] lbuf] ;+sng tyf pTvgg\ ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f cWoog

@= k|b]z÷ljsf; If]q M k|b]z g+= $, klZrdf~rn, c~rn M wf}nflu/LlhNnf M kj{t#= ef}uf]lns÷xfjfkfgL k|s[lt Pj+ ljj/0f MgbLsf] gfd / k|sf/M sfnLu08sL gbL, df]bL, n'ªbL,

n:tL, ;]bL, dNofËbL, ndfo, /lt / hx/] vf]nf

df6f] v]tLof]Uo pj{/ prfO{ -;d'b| ;tx dflysf]_

%@) ld b]lv ##)( ld ;Dd

xfjfkfgL pi0f, ;dlztf]i0fb]lv lztf]i0f e"–pkof]u o; lhNnfsf] s"n e"ld %#^*^=@!

x]S6/, 4


jg If]qn] cf]u6]sf] hldg !(,((& x]S6/, s[lif e"ld @$,!&! x]S6/,k|lt hldg, a'6\ofg, ejg, af6f]3f6f], eL/kfvf tyf vf]nfn] cf]u6]sf] hldg (,%!* x]S6/ .

$=;+sng÷pTvgg\ sfo{, :yn / k|s[ofM ;+sng÷pTvgg\ If]q glb, vf]nf lsgf/ ;+sng÷pTvgg\ ljlw glb, vf]nf lsgf/ vfN8fx? vg]/ jfn'jf,

lu§L ;+sng, 9'Ëf vf]nf lsgf/sf] hldgjf6 hDdf ug]{

;+sng÷pTvgg\\ sfo{df k|of]u x'g] ;fdfu|L jf d]zLg/L

:yfgLo >ldsx?af6 xft / ;fdfGo s'6f], sf]bfnf], u}tL, j]Nrf, xtf}8f, k|of]u u/L ;+sng ug]{ .

b}lgs÷jflif{s ;+sng÷pTvgg\sf] kl/df0f

;/b/df b}lgs @$&.$( 3g ld6/ -;j} gfsf _

sfnLu08sL gbL, df]bL / ;]bL vf]nfaf6 9'ËF, lu§L / jfn'jfsf]÷pTvgg\\ ul/g] cjlw,

laxfg ;"of]{bo kl5 ;"of{:t gx'~h]n;Dd,

;+sng÷pTvgg\\ :ynsf] ;+Vof

$@

;+sng÷pTvgg\\ ul/g] ;fdfu|Lx? M

9'Ëf, lu§L / jfn'jf,

k|:tfj cGtu{tsf sfo{x? M

;+sng, pTvgg\\, 9'jfgL,

k|efljt uf=lj=;=÷ gu/kflnsf÷j:tL cflb

dfemkmfF6, wfOl/Ë, gfªnLafË, s'=g=kf= !, @, # -kfË, v'sf]{6_, lzjfno, ltnfxf/, s6'jfrf}kf/L, d'l8s'jf, b]lj:yfg, s'3f{{, kfª/fË, afR5f, a/f{rf}/, /fgLkfgL, zflnu|fd,

5


a]pnLjf;, p/fd, kfvfkfgL, ef]n]{, ;/f}+vf]nf, x'jf; .

a}wflgstf k|ltj]bg l:js[t ePsf] @ jif{;Dd .

@=# k|:tfjsf] ljj/0f@=#=!= k|:tfjsf] p2]Zo

>f]tsf] ;d'lrt?kdf ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g / ;b'kof]u ug]{ . >f]tdf cfwfl/t pBf]ux?nfO{ ;/n?kdf sRrf kbfy{sf] cfk'lt{ ug]{ . :yfgLo:t/df /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ ;[hgf u/fO{ cfo cfh{gdf 6]jf

k'¥ofpg] . ;+sng gubf{ v]/ hfg] >f]tsf] ;+sngaf6 :yfgLo cy{tGqdf 6]jf

k'¥ofpg] . >f]tsf] cAojl:yt ;+sng tyf ;+sng g} gubf{ x'g] vt/f sd

u/L :yfgLo txdf jf9L tyf k}x|f] lgoGq0fdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg] . h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{g ub}{ ul/jL lgjf/0fdf 6]jf

k'¥ofpg] .

6


Ol:6d]6 tyf cg'dflgt kl/df0f laa/0fsfdsf]] lsl;d M pTvgg\ Pj+ lgsf;L ug{ ;lsg] a:t'sf] klxrfg tyf jftfj/0fdf s'g} k|lts"n k|efj gkg]{ u/L kl/df0f kQf nufpg] .

:yfg M ka{t lhNNffdf /x]sf glb, vf]nf,

l;=g+ :yfg cIff+z b]zfGt/ ufla;

gfkhfFr -ldh/d]G6_

aflif{s

hDdf x'g] kl/df0f -

So"=ld=_B

jflif{s pTvgg\\ ug{ ;lsg]

nDjfO{ -ld_

rf}8fO{ -ld

ulx/

fO{ -ld_lgaf{rg If]q g= ! cGt{utsf gfsfx?

1 9n]ju/, gofFk'n 28°14`18" 83°39'0" v'sf]{6 255 63 0.75 12049 6024.38

2 ;x>wf/f, tNnf] 28°14'48" 83°38'10" kfË 223 41 0.75 6857.3 3428.63

3 ;x>wf/f, pkNnf] 28°14'48" 83°39'3" kfË 355 28 0.75 7455 3727.5

4 ;x>wf/f dfly wf/fd"lg 28°15'5" 83°37'51" kfË 104 32 0.5 1664 832

5 dfn9'Ëf 28°15'17" 83°37'6" kfË 127 43 0.5 2730.5 1365.25

6 uf9tf/f af]6]a:tL 28°15'32" 83°36'46" kfË 50 50 0.5 1250 625

7 vlgof3f6 bd'jfvf]nf au/ 28°15'50" 83°39'0" kfË 445 120 0.75 40050 20025

8 df]]lbsf] au/ !

28°14'44"-28°16'45"

83°44'49"-83°44'55"

ltnfxf/, afh'Ë, b]pk'/ 10 7 0.5 35 17.5

9 df]]lbsf] au/ @

28°16'41" 83°44'58" ltnfxf/, afh'Ë, b]pk'/ 12 5 0.5 30 15

5


10 /ltvf]nf 28°15'45"-28°16'11"

83°44'50"-83°45'14" ltnfxf/ 106 9 0.5 477 238.5

11 dNofËbL vf]nf jf/L

28°14'18" 83°41'25" s6''jfrf}k/L, zs/kf]v/L 45 10 0.5 225 112.5

12 dNofËbL vf]nf kf/L

28°14'21" 83°41'26" s6''jfrf}k/L, zs/kf]v/L 42 9 0.5 189 94.5

13 df]bLj]gL au/ -xfn yk_ s'=g=kf= 85 14 0.5 595 297.5

14 vlgof3f6 pkNnf]- ! 28°16'8" 83°36'39" gfªlnjfË 90 32 0.75 2160 1080

15 vlgof3f6 pkNnf]-@ 28°16'8" 83°36'30" gfªlnjfË 100 18 0.75 1350 675

16 nl:tju/ 28°17'54" 83°36'16" gfªlnjfË 314 52 0.75 12246 6123

17 nl:tju/ pkNnf] 28°18'18"

83°36'14" gfªlnjfË, wfO{l/Ë 260 45 0.75 8775 4387.5

18 ldngrf]]ssf] k5fl8 tNnf] 28°19'8" 83°35'41" wfO{l/Ë 30 10 0.75 225 112.5

19ldngrf]]ssf] k5fl8 pkNn]f 28°19'26"

83°35'26"

wfO{l/Ë 53 32 0.75 1272 636

20n'ª\bL z]/f au/÷df]xgrf]s au/ -a9fpg]_ 28°19'39"

83°35'12" dfemkmf6 112 22 0.75 1848 924

21 nfdfau/ jf/La]gL glhs} 28°20'19"

83°33'34" dfemkmf6 54 15 0.75 607.5 281

22 vlgof3f6, pkNnf] lhld/] 28°16'33" 83°36'31" gfulnjfË 225 30 0.75 5062.5 2531.25

23 sNn]/L gfsf -k|:tflat_ 28°12'37" 83°40'21" s'=g=kf= 120 7 0.75 630 315

24 n'ª\bL vf]nf 28°19'36"

83°35'22" dfemkmf6 45 5 0.5 112.5 56.25

6


25 nl:t vf]nf 28°18'48"

83°36'44" gfªlnjfË, wfO{l/Ë 53 7 0.5 185.5 92.75

lgaf{rg If]q g= !sf] hDdf 108081 54040.3

lgaf{rg If]q g+= @ cGt{utsf gfsfx?

26/fxfn]sf] gfsf -Hofld/] 3f6_

28°10'28" 83°38'32" b]lj:yfg 105 11 0.75 866.25 433.125

27kmn]jf; SofDk; k5fl8sf]

gfsf 28°9'26"

83°38'23" b]lj:yfg 138 25 0.75 2587.5 1293.75

28 >LsfË 5]:nfË ! 28°7'22"

83°37'57" kfË/fË 250 30 0.75 5625 2812.5

29 >LsfË 5]:nfË @ 28°7'27"- 28°7'37"

83°38'4" kfË/fË 308 51 0.75 11781 5890.5

30 b'nf{Ë au/ gof+ 28°5'32"

83°35'57" afR5f 182 28 0.75 3822 1911

31 ndfo vf]nf

28°9'50" 83°39'42"- 83°39'57" vflgu

f+p, lnld7fgf 60 15 0.75 675 337.5

32 lkknkf6f gfsf 28°3'48"

83°33'48"-83°33'55" a/

f{rf}/ 225 22 0.75 3712.5 1856.25

33/fgLkfgL Oldrf}/3f6 gfsf ! 28°2'38"

83°33'43" /fgLkfgL 200 18 0.75 2700 1350

34 /fgLkfgL Oldrf}/3f6 gfsf @

28°2'32" 83°33'44" /fgLkf

120 20 0.75 1800 900

7


gL

355||ofË s'dfn uf+p

/fgLkfgL * 28°2'4"-28°2'16"

83°33'50"-83°33'58" /fg/

LkfgL 505 30 0.75 11363 5681.25

36 uf]nfË ;]lt a]gL zflnuf|d 28°0'51"

83°36'11"-83°36'19" zflnu

|fd 210 18 0.75 2835 1417.5

37;]ltvf]nf 6snfs p/fd a]pnLjf; 28°1'55"

83°38'0" 6snfs, p/fd, a]pnLjf; 715 8 0.5 2860 1430

38 ;]ltvf]nf xft]dfnf] rf]s 28°2'25" 83°39'50" x'jf; 510 25 0.5 6375 3187.5

39 s6'jfau/28°11'8" 83°39'5" d'l8s

'jf 315 21 0.75 4961.3 2480.63

40 lr?jf vf]nf s'3f{ 28°8'21" 83°38'23" s'3f{ 155 17 0.75 1976.3 988.125

41 5f]/]au/ / pkNnf] au/

28°7'17" 83°37'42" sgf{;, kfË/fË 106 15 0.75 1192.5 596.25

42 lbks gfsf÷ sfvLsf] gfsf

28°1'58"

83°34'28"-83°34'42"

/fgLkfgL 452 22 0.75 7458 3729

lgaf{rg If]q g+= @ sf] hDdf 72590 36294.9

s'n hDdf 180670 90335.1B aflif{s hDdf x'g ;Sg] kl/df0f -So"=ld=_ eGgfn] glb, vf]nfn] hDdf ug]{ kl/df0fnfO{ elgPsf] xf] .

8


9


l;dfgf / If]qkmn M

k'j{ M– sf:sL / :ofªhfklZrd M– u'NdLpQ/ M– jfUn'8= / DofUbLblIf0f M–:ofªhf / u'NdL lhNnfsf] gS;f (District map)kj{t lhNNffsf] gS;f k|of]u u/L laleGg uflj;x?sf] cjl:ylt cWoog ug{ ;lsG5 .

@=#=# k|:tfljt If]qdf oftfoftsf] kx'Frxfn ;~rfngdf /x]sf] ;8saf6 k|:tfljt ;a}h;f] If]qdf !)) ld6/b]lv #%)) ld6/sf] b"/Ldf kb{5 . s'g}klg If]qdf jg hËn, P]ltxfl;s a:t'x? kg]{ b]lvb}g . :yfgLoaf;Lx?n] k|of]u ug]{ ;fgfltgf d;fg3f6 eg] b]lvG5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] kxn u/L ;du| cWoogsf] cfwf/df o:tf gfsfx? vf]ln ;~rfng u/L oftfoftsf] kx'Frdf a[l4 ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

@=#=$ k|:tfjsf] If]q lgwf{/0f 7


lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no kj{tn] cf=a= @)&@.&# sf] lhNnf kl/ifb\jf6 k|:tfj sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu vf]nf tyf glbsf] lglZrt If]q v08–v08 u/L ljefhg u/]sf] 5 . o; cWoog k|ltj]bgsf] s'g 3f6, v08jf6 slt dfqfdf pTvgg\\ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] c+lst ug'{ klg o;sf] p2]Zo /x]sf] lyof] . h;sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f dfly tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . :ynut lg/LIf0fjf6 ;di6Ldf jflif{s?kdf 90,335.1 3g ld6/ pTvgg\\ ug{ ;lsg] b]lvPsf] 5 . pTvgg\\ sfo{nfO{ jftfj/0fd}qL / lbuf] jgfpFgsf] nflu ;di6Ldf tklzn jdf]lhdsf lgodx? kfngf ug{ h?/L b]lvG5 . gbLsf] b'j} lsgf/fjf6 sDtLdf %–% ld6/;Dd s'g} klg >f]t ;

+sng gug]{ . gbLsf] lsgf/fjf6 % ld6/ leqsf] If]qdf klg kfgL e}/x]sf] jf

jlu/x]sf] If]qjf6 >f]t glgsfNg] / To;kl5sf] sDtLdf % ld6/ 5f8L ;+sng ug]{ .

gbLsf] wf/ g} kl/jt{g x'g] u/L >f]t ;+sng gug]{ . gbLsf] kfgLsf] ;txeGbf ulx/f] x'g] u/L gbL lsgf/jf6 >f]t

pTvgg\ gug]{ . gbLsf] @)) ld6/ lsgf/f leqsf jflx/L lsgf/feGbf leq cUnf e}

l9:sf k/]/ /x]sf If]qjf6 9'Ëf, lu§L tyf jfn'jf ;+sng sfo{df k|fyldstf lbg] .

@=$= k|:tfj If]qaf6 9'Ëf, lu§L tyf jfn'jfsf] lbuf] pTvgg\÷;+sng @=$=! 9'Ëf, lu6[L, jfn'jfsf] ;+sng÷pTvgg\ sfo{jf6 pTkGg k|efjx?M cf=j= )&!.)&@ / cf=j= )&@.)&# nfO{ cfwf/ dflg x]bf{ kj{t lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] k|yd k6s tof/ kf/]sf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bg cg';f/ 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jfsf] pTvgg\÷;+sng ug]{ sfo{af6 tkl;n jdf]lhdsf] k|efj k/]sf] b]lvof] .

x'jf; xft]dfn] rf]sdf /x]sf au/df lu§L, afn'jf tTsflng cj:yfdf pTvgg\, ;+sng gul/Psf] ePdf x'jf; jhf/ vt/fdf /xg] l:ytL lyof] . t/

8


ut jif{x?df jiff{t\df 7"nf] af9L cfO{ au/df 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf sd dfqfdf hDdf u/]sf] sf/0f tf]lsPsf] kl/df0fdf pTvgg\ ubf{ klg vf]nf] ulx/LP/ uO{ ^ j6f ;–;fgf l;+rfO{ s'nfx? la:yflkt ePsf] eGg] :yfgLoaf;Lsf] egfO{ kfOof],

jiff{t\sf dlxgfdf sfnLu08sL gbLn] aufP/ n}hfg] afn'jfnfO{ ;+sng gubf{ lhNnfdf afn'jfsf] cefj ;[hgf ePsf] / jiff{tsf dlxgfdf au]/ hfg] afn'jfnfO{ lglZrt 7fpFx?df ;+sng ubf{ k|lts"n k|efj gkg]{ b]lvof],

9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf pTvgg\ tyf ;+sngdf k|efljt uf=lj=;=x?n] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{noaf6 lkmtf{ x'g] #%Ü /sdn] ljleGg gbL lgoGq0fsf ljleGg sfo{, gbL ju/;Dd hfg] af6f], cfGtl/s cfo clea[l4sf ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng u/L jftfj/0fLo IfltnfO{ Go"gLs/0f u/]sf] s]lx :yfgdf b]lvof],

clt ljkGg kl/jf/sf em08} ;of}+ JolQmx?n] lu§L kmf]8\g], afn'jf rfNg] sfo{ u/L b}lgs u'hf/f rnfPsf] b]lvof] eg] uf8Ldf nf]8, cgnf]8 u/L ;of}+ hgfn] b}lgs u'hf/f rnfPsf] b]lvof] .

@=$=! k|:tfj If]qdf xfn sfod pTvgg\÷;+sng / 9'jfgL sfo{ / ljlw,

vf]nf tyf gbLx?jf6 9'Ëf, lu§L tyf jfn'jfsf] pTvgg\÷;+sng ubf{ glb, vf]nf lsgf/ cyjf vf]nf au/jf6 dfq ul/g]5 . o;/L pTvgg\\ ug{sf] nflu lh=lj=;=sf] k|:tfjsf] If]q lgwf{/0f;DjGwL pNn]v ul/Psf lgb]{zgx?nfO{ cfwf/dfgL pTvgg\\ sfo{ ul/g]5 . vfN8fx? vg]/ jfn'jf, lu§L ;+sng ug]{, vf]nf lsgf/sf] hldgjf6 ;+sng ug]{, vf]nf leqjf6 lemSg] h:tf sfo{nfO{ lg?T;flxt ul/g] 5 . :yfgLo >ldsx?af6 xft / ;fdfGo s'6f], sf]bfnf], u}tL, j]Nrf, xtf}8f k|of]u u/L ;+sng ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . aflif{s !),))) So"=ld6/ eGbf sd 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf, /f]8f h:tf gbLhGo kbfy{ hDdf x'g] au/ If]qdf pTvgg\ tyf ;+sngsf] sfo{ ubf{ ;fdfGotof PS;fe]6/ h:tf d]lzg k|of]]u ul/g] 5}g . ;+j]bglzn If]qx? afx]ssf :yfgdf x]eL d]lzg/Lx? h:t} PS;fe]6/sf] k|of]u u/L pTvgg\ ;+sng ug'{kbf{ tf]lsPsf] dfqfdf ug{sf] nflu

9


sfof{nosf] k|ToIf lgu/fgL / lhNnf cg'udg tyf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] lg0f{odf dfq} ul/g]5 . 9'jfgLsf nflu 6«s, l6k/ k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] 5 . gbLhGo 3f6u2L ;fdfu|LnfO{ l6k/df nf]8 ug]{ sfo{sf nflu 8f]h/ of PS;fe]6/sf] ;xfotfn] nf]8 ug{ ;lsg]5 . ;+sng / lgsf;L ug]{ :ynx?df ;+sng÷bf]xg ug{ ;lsg] kl/df0f, nDafO{, ulx/fO{ cflb v'Ng] u/L ;j{;fwf/0fn] ;d]t hfgsf/L kfpg ;Sg] u/L ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f ug{' kg]{5 .

@=$=@=pTvgg\÷;+sng ;DaGwL laz]if Joj:yfM tf]lsPsf au/ If]qx?df c;f/, ;fpg, ebf} h:tf aiff{t\sf] ofddf gbL,

vf]nf If]qsf au/df af9Ln] NofO{ y'kf/]sf glbhGo kbfy{nfO{ tf]lsPsf] dfqfdf pTvgg\÷;+sng ug{ ;lsg]5 . t/ To:tf] au/ If]qdf kfgL au]sf] jf tfn k/]sf] x'g' x'b}g . pQm

lgsfNg] t/Lsf M – gbLsf] axfj÷k|jfxnfO{ c;/ gu/L j9Ldf )=&% ld6/ eGbf ulx/f] gx'g] u/L d]zLg/L cf}hf/, PS;fe]6/sf] k|of]u af sfdbf/ jf AolQm ljz]ifn] ;+sng tyf pNvgg u/L lgsflng] 5 .

cWofo tLg M cWoog ljlw#=! k|ltj]bg tof/ ubf{ ckgfO{Psf lalwx?

cWoog k|ls[of

jftf/0f ;+/If0f P]g tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL @)%$ -;+;f]wfg ;lxt_ df Joa:yf ePsf k|s[ofx?sf] cg'z/0f u/L jftfj/0fLo cWoog ul/Psf] lyof] . h; cg';f/ ;j{k|yd k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf] s|ddf ldlt @)&#.)@.@% df Go" sfnLu08sL b}lgs, ;xf/f Go"h b}lgs nufotsf /fli6«o b}lgsdf ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L k|:tfj sfof{Gjogaf6 jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] k|efjx?sf jf/]df lnlvt /fo ;'emfj lbg dfu ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df k|fKt /fo ;'emfj tyf o; lhNnfsf] sfnLu08sL glb, df]bL vf]nf, ;]bL vf]nf, dNofËbL, /lt / hx/] vf]nf nufotsf If]qsf] :ynut lg/LIf0f e|d0f u/L pQm e|d0faf6 k|fKt hfgsf/L / ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo lasf; dGqfnoaf6 ljleGg ldltdf k|fKt lgb]{zg ;d]tsf cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf]

10


k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgnfO{ lhNnf l:yt /x]sf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg -IEE)_ k'g/fjnf]sg tyf l;kmfl/; ;ldlt ;dIf k|:t't u/L k|fKt ;'emfjx?nfO{ ;d]6L l:js[ltsf nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;dIf k|:t't u/L l:js[tL ul/Psf] xf] . k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg{ rflxg] k|yd tyf bf];|f] qmdsf] hfgsf/L (Primary and

Secondary Information) qmdzM lkmN8sf] cWoog / ;Gbe{u|Gyx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sgaf6 k|fKt ul/Psf] lyof] . k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg{ cfaZos k|fylds qmdsf ef}lts / h}ljs jftfj/0f ;DaGwL tYofª\sx?, jg If]qsf] :ynut cjnf]sg, ;j]{If0f tyf ;fdflhs cfly{s jftfj/0f ;DaGwL ljj/0f, 3/w'/L ;j]{If0f, >f]t ;j]{If0f Pj+ bf];|f] qmdsf] hfgsf/Lx?, ljleGg lsl;dsf k|sfzgx?, sfof{nosf clen]vx?, gSzfx?, sfo{of]hgf tyf j}1flgs cg';Gwfg n]vx?af6 pknAw ePsf] lyof] .

#=!=! sfof{nodf cWoog:ynut?kdf k|fKt tYof+sx? ;d]tsf cfwf/df lhNnf lasf; ;ldlt, kj{tsf] sfof{nodf a;]/ ul/Psf] cWoogdf pknAw ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg, gSzfx?sf] cWoog / AofVof laZn]if0f tyf k|ZgfjnL Pj+ r]slni6x?sf] tof/L / ltgsf] clGtd?k lbg] sfo{ ul/Psf] lyof] .

-s_ ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg

jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bg tof/ kfbf{ lgDg jdf]lhdsf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt, P]g, lgod tyf lgb]{lzsfx?nfO{ k|d'v?kdf Wofg lbO{ tklznsf b:tfj]hx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ul/Psf] lyof] . jg If]qsf gLlt, @)$^ h}ljs ljljwtf ;DaGwL /0fgLlt, @)%( jg P]g, @)$( / jg lgodfjnL, @)%! jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ /fli6«o jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg lgb]{lzsf, @)%) jg If]qsf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg lgb]{lzsf, @)%@ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% / lgodfjnL @)%^ lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf @)&@÷)&#, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, kj{t 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf Aoj:yfkg ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt lgb]

{zg tyf kl/kqx?,

11


g]kfn ;/sf/ -dGqL kl/ifb\_ af6 ldlt @)&).)#.@& df kfl/t /f]8f, 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf, lgodg ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg,

9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf Joj:yfkg s]Gb|Lo cg'udg ;ldltsf] ldlt @)&#.)@.@& ut] ePsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjogsf nflu r=g+= !!@, ldlt @)&#.)@.#) ut]sf] ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, las]Gb|Ls/0f zfvfsf] k|fKt kl/kq,

-v_ gSzfx?sf] cWoog Mk|:tfj sfof{Gjog x'g] If]qsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yfsf ;fy} jg tyf

jftfj/0fsf] hfgsf/L xfl;n ug{sf nflu Government of Nepal, Survey Department sf] Topographic map 1, Government of Nepal, Topographical Survey Branch sf] District Map / zfvf tYofÍ sfof{nodf pknAw ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx? ;d]t cWoog u/L] ljj/0fx?sf] hfgsf/L lnO{Psf] lyof] .

-u_ r]slni6, 8f6flni6 / k|ZgfjnL ;'rgfx?sf] k'i6\ofO{ lng / yk hfgsf/L xfl;n ug{sf nflu k|f/lDes

jftfj/0fLo sfo{;"rL tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL @)%$, lhNnf lasf; ;ldltsf] clwsf/, cfufdL of]hgf, /0fgLlt tyf cGo k|fjwfgsf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% / lgodfjnL @)%^ Pj+ jg If]qsf nflu k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] sfo{;"rL tyf k|ltj]bg lbUbz{g, @)^! df pNn]v ePsf ;Dk"0f{ a'Fbfx? ;dflji6 x'g] u/L cfjZostfg";f/ r]slni6 tyf k|ZgfjnL ljsf; ul/Psf] lyof] .

#=!=@ lkmN8 cWoog

k|:tfa sfof{Gjog x'g] If]qx?df :ynut lkmN8 e|d0f u/L h}las, ef}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;fF:s[lts jftfa/0f / ;Da]bglzn laifo ;DjGwL cfaZos hfgsf/L lnOPsf] lyof] . ;f]xL adf]lhd k|:tfa If]qsf] k'g/fjnf]sg, cWoog / tYofª\s ;d]t ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] .

-s_ h}ljs jftfj/0f;DjGwL tYofª\s ;+sng sfo{jgsf] lsl;d, cj:yf, k|hftL cflb af/] hfgsf/L ;d]l6g'sf ;fy} :yfgLo

afl;Gbfx?sf] egfO{ adf]lhd k|foM laxfgL ;dodf jGohGt' tyf kz'k+IfLaf/] l6kf]6 ul/Psf] lyof] . h;af6 k|ToIf?kdf b]lvPsf Pj+ ck|ToIf ?kdf kfOPsf kblrGx, KjfFv, lai6f, cfjfh cflbaf6 lhjhGt' klxrfg u/L kmd{df eg{] sfd ePsf] lyof] . df5faf/] hfgsf/L lng vf]nfgfnf

12


tyf b]lvPsf tfn kf]v/Ldf e]l6Psf ;fy} df5f dfg{] :yfgLo AolQmx?af6 hfgsf/L ;+sng ug'{sf ;fy} ;f]sf] gfd / k|s[tL ;d]tsf] cWoog ul/Psf] lyof] . pk/f]Qm h}las jftfj/0faf/] hfgsf/L lng] qmddf tf]lsPsf :yfgx?df :ynut e|d0f u/L laa/0f -tYofª\s_ ;+sng ug{] sfo{ ul/Psf] lyof] .

-v_ ef}lts jftfj/0f ;DjGwL tYofª\s ;+sng sfo{ of] k|:tfa sfof{Gjog x'g] If]qx? dWo] s]lx dxTjk"0f{ :yfgx?

sf] gd"gf If]qx?sf] 5gf}6 u/L tL :yfgx?sf] ;e{]If0f ul/Psf] lyof] . o;/L cWoog ug{ e|d0f ug{] sfddf :yfgLo hgtfx? / jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx?;Fu To; If]qsf] df6f], afn'jf, r§fg, hnfwf/ If]q, e"–Ifo x'g] If]q, vf]nfgfnfdf kfgLsf] cj:yf, tfn tn}of af/]df ;d"xut?kdf 5nkmn u/L k|:tfj sfof{Gjog ubf{ kg{ ;Sg] k|efj cflb af/]df hfgsf/L ;+sng ug{] sfo{ ul/Psf] lyof] . o;/L e}]lts jftfj/0f ;DjGwL tYofª\s ;+sng ug{] sfo{ ;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] .

-u_ ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;fF:s[lts jftfj/0f ;DjGwL tYofª\s ;+sng sfo{

o;sf] nflu vf;u/L :ynut?kdf 3/w'/L ;e{]If0f / u|fdL0f n]vfhf]vf ljwLsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . ljleGg hftL, wd{, k]zf, au{ cflbsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L o;sf] nflu tof/ ul/Psf] k|ZgfjnL, 5gf}6 ul/Psf gd"gf, 3/w'/Lsf] kfl/jfl/s laa/0f, k]zf, a;fO{ ;/fO{, e'–:jfldTj, s[lif tyf kz'kfng, z}lIfs l:ylt, aflif{s cfDbfgL, :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{ jf >f]tsf] pkof]u ;DjGwL laj/0f, sfof{Gjog x'g] If]qx?sf] ;fdflhs cfly{s tyf ;fF:s[lts jftfj/0f ;DjGwL tYofª\s, ;+sngsf nflu k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] .

cGo hfgsf/L pknAw ug{sf nflu hfgsf/ JolQmx?;Fu e]63f6 ul/Psf] lyof] . l/tL l/jfh ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbfx? h:t}M d7, dlGb/, ko{6sLo :ynx?sf] cjnf]sg e|d0f / dlGb/x?sf k'hf/L, ;Gt, dxGt nufotsf hfgsf/ AolQmx?;Fusf] 5nkmn ;d]taf6 hfgsf/L ;+sng ug{] sfo{ u/L ;fdflhs cfly{s tyf ;fF:s[lts jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] k|efasf af/]df hfgsf/L xfl;n ul/Psf] lyof] . o;sf] cltl/Qm ljleGg ;d"x ;d'bfo jf k]zfut ;d"x ;+3 ;+:yf cflb ;Fusf] 5nkmn, cGt/lqmof / uf]i7Lsf] ;d]t cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

13


-3_ >f]t ;e{]If0f >f]t ;e{]If0f sfo{ o; k|:tfjsf] sfof{Gjog If]qdf cToGt dxTjk"0f{

/ s7Lg sfo{ eP klg pknAw >f]t ;fwg / hgzlQmaf6} ;Dk'0f{ If]qsf] >f]t ;e{]If0f sfo{ k'/f u/L jf:tlastfdf k'Ug] k|of; ul/Psf] lyof] . o;sf nflu k|ToIf e]63f6 u/L 5nkmn ug{'sf ;fy} >f]t;Fu ;DjlGwt k|sflzt jf ck|sflzt ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lsf] cWoog ;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] . >f]t ;e{]If0f b]xfosf] lalw cg'?k ul/Psf] lyof] .

k|:tfljt k|:tfj sfof{Gjog If]qsf] ul/Psf] 6f]kf] gSzf 6«]l;ª, ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lsf] cWoog, :yfgLo hfgsf/ AolQmx?;Fu ;xeflutfd"ns lalw4f/f cl3Nnf

jif{x?df x'g] ;+sng kl/df0f tyf k|efjsf jf/]df hfgsf/L ;+sng, sfi7 tyf u}x| sfi7 jg k}bfaf/ -n3' jg k}bfaf/_ kfpg] If]qsf]

If]qkmn, ;+sng ug{ ;lsg] kl/df0f cflbsf] laa/0f, >f]tsf] ;+sng ug{ ;lsg] If]qx?sf] gSzfdf ul/Psf] ;+s]t .

14


k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf /fo ;'emfjsf] nflu ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfM

15


16


17


k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf] nflu k|fKt k[i7kf]if0fM

#=@ tYofª\ssf] laZn]if0f

k|:tfljt If]qsf] ljz]if cWoog ubf{, laZn]if0faf6 cfPsf k|yd / bf];|f] qmddf ePsf tYofª\s tyf hfgsf/LnfO{ ;+lIfKtLs/0f u/L cfjZostf cg';f/ tflnsfdf /fVg] tyf k|lta]bgsf] pko'Qm efudf ;dfj]z u/L To;sf] ;+Vof ;d]t u0fgf ul/Psf] 5 .

#=# k|efjsf] laZn]if0f

o; k|:tfj sfof{Gjog If]qsf] ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L tyf lkmN8sf] cg'udg k'g/fjnf]sgaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/LnfO{ k|:tfa sfof{Gjog ubf{ x'g] ;DefAo cg's"n / k|lts"n c;/x?sf] klxrfg u/L To;sf] h}las, ef}lts, ;fdflhs cfly{s u/L # lzif{s cGt/ut 5'6\ofO{Psf] 5 . jftfj/0fLo k4tLsf] laZn]if0f ug{ d]l6«S; k|0ffnL ckgfO{Psf] 5 . k|:tfa;Fu ;DjlGwt gLlt sfg'g lgod, lgb{]lzsf / k"a{ cg'ea tyf laz]if1tfsf] cfwf/df 7x/ ul/Psf] 5 .

#=$= k|efj Go'gLs/0fsf pkfox?

k|:tfj sfof{Gjog If]qsf] k|:tflat >f]tx? ;+sng ubf{ pk/f]Qm If]qx?df kg{] k|lts"n k|efjx?sf] /f]syfd tyf Go'lgs/0fsf pko'Qm pkfox? tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . hg;xeflutfåf/f ;DjlGwt k|efjsf] Go'gLs/0fsf

18


pkfo ;fy} To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{] lhDd]jf/ lgsfosf] klxrfg ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 .

#=%= cWoogsf] If]q / l;ldttf

of] k|:tfj k|ltj]bg Go"g vr{df tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . sfo{If]q e|d0f tyf k|fKt jftfj/0fLo cj:yf ;DaGwL k|yd ljj/0faf6 ;+sng / hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . cGo ;+slnt tYofª\sx? bf];|f] >f]tsf] hfgsf/Ldf cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 . k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{sf] nflu >f]t ;+sng ul/g] If]q tyf j/k/sf uf=la=;= / ;f] If]q;Dd hfg] lznlznfdf af6fdf kg{] If]qx?df l;ldt /fvL cfjZos tYofª\s ;+sng ul/Psf] 5 .

cWofo rf/M k|:tfj;Fu ;DjlGwt gLlt, P]g, lgod tyf lgb]{lzsf

9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf ->f]t_ ;+sngsf] jftf/0fLo k|efj d'NofÍg k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{sf nflu lglb{i6 sfo{ljlw tyf k|rlnt P]g sfg'g tyf lgodsf jf/]df lj:t[t hfgsf/L /xg' clt cfjZos 5 . jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] c;/sf jf/]df cToGt ;r]t /x+b} /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o:t/df ;d]t ljleGg jx; tyf ;femf of]hgf / gLltx? dfly PSo]a4tf hfx]/ xF'b} cfO{/x]sf] kl/k|]Iodf jg, jGohGt' nufot jftf/0fsf ;a} cËx?sf] j}1flgs 9Ën] ;+/If0f ;Da4{g tyf ;b'kof]u ug{sf nflu k/fk"j{b]lv lnlvt tyf clnlvt ljleGg?kaf6 jftfj0fsf] ;+/If0f x'Fb} cfO{/xsf]df jg tyf jftfj/0f gLlt tyf sfg'gsf] b]xfodf ljj]rgf ul/Psf] 5 .

19


$=! jftfj/0f ;DjGwL gLlt

g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljsf; cfof]hgf tyf pBf]u :yfkgf ubf{ jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] c;/x?nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL 5}6f}+ of]hgf cjlw -@)#&–@)$@_ b]lv g} jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf ;hutf b]vfp+b} s]xL r'lgPsf cfof]hgf tyf sfo{s|dx? ;~rfng ug{ jftfj/0fLo cWoogsf] cfjZostf cf}NofPsf] lyof] . of] gLltnfO{ ;ftf}+ of]hgf cjlwdf -@)$@–@)$&_ s]xL lj:tf/ u/L 7'nf cfof]hgf tyf sfo{s|dx? ;~rfng ubf{ jftfj/0fLo cWoogsf] cfjZostfdf hf]8 lbO{Ps]f lyof] . cf7f}+ of]hgf -@)$(–@)%$_ n] o;nfO{ cem ;'b[9 ug{ jftfj/0fLo cWoogsf nflu Ps /fli6«o k2lt :yfkgfsf] ;f]r /fVb} ;8s, hnljB't, pBf]u, l;+rfO{, vfg]kfgL tyf 9nlgsf; h:tf 7'nf cfof]hgfsf] nflu jftfj/0fLo cWoog ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbof] . of] of]hgfn] cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoogs} s|ddf jftfj/0fLo cWoog clgjfo{ agfof] . gjf}+ of]hgf -@)%$–@)%(_ n] pQm gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lb+b} jftfj/0fLo cWoog k|s[ofnfO{ ;xeflutfTds jgfO{ :yfgLo :t/b]lv g} cfly{s of]hgf tyf ljsf; sfo{df k|efjsf/L ;dfof]hgnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] lyof] . bzf}+ of]hgf -@)%(–@)^$_ n] pNn]lvt gLltnfO{ cem ;'b[9 kf/L lj:tf/ ub}{ n}hfg] qmddf ;a}h;f] ljsf; cfof]hgf tyf sfo{s|d ;~rfng k'j{ jftfj/0fLo cWoog clgjfo{ ug'{sf ;fy} o:tf cfof]hgfsf] sfo{Gjog l:yltsf] lgoldt cg'udgnfO{ k|efjsf/L jgfpg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . t]x|f] lqjlif{o of]hgfn] ;d]t jftfj/0fLo kIfnfO{ yk hf]8 lbPsf] kfOG5 .

$=! jg ;DjGwL gLlt

lb3{sfnLg p2]Zo cGtu{t hg;fwf/0fsf] cfwf/e't cfjZostf sf7, bfp/f, 8fn]3fF+; / cGo jg k}bfjf/ ;xh?kdf pknAw u/fpg], kl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL / j+zf0f' >f]tsf] ;+/If0f jg Joa:yfkg / jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]ux?sf] ljsf; u/L /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo cy{tGqdf of]ubfg ug]{ /f]huf/L tyf cfo;|f]tsf] cj;/ tof/ ug]{ /x]sf] 5 . o;sf k|fyldstf k|fKt sfo{s|dx?df ;fd'bfols jg tyf lghL jg, /fli6«o jg tyf sa'lnotL jgsf cltl/Qm jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u, n3' jgk}bfjf/ ljsf; / Joj:yfkg, e'–tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f tyf kl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL / j+zf0f' >f]t ;+/If0f /x]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] jg If]qsf] Implementation Machanism sf] ?kdf NTFPs & MAPs sf] ;+/If0f Joa:yfkg / v]tL

20


z'? ug]{ tyf Biodiversity Registration cflb s'/fx?nfO{ p7fO{Psf 5g\ eg] o;nfO{ k|d'v sfo{gLltsf ?kdf cuf8L a9fO{Psf] 5 . ;x>fJbL ljsf; nIo (Mellinium Development Goal) sf cf7 nIo dWo] Ensure Environmental Sustanability & Eradicate Extreme Poor Hunger elg lhljsf]kfh{g / jftfj/0f ;Gt'ngnfO{ hf]8 lbO{Psf] 5 . rfn' t]x|f}+ lqjlif{o of]hgf cGtu{t u/LjL lgjf/0f / Forest Resource sf] lbuf] ;+/If0fnfO{ clËsf/ u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;}n] ljBdfg jg gLltn] sfi7 tyf u}x| sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] ;+/If0f / Joa:yfkgdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .

$=@ jftfj/0f ;DjGwL P]g tyf lgodfjnL

ljsf; cfof]hgf tyf sfo{s|dx? ;~rfng ubf{ jftfj/0fLo kIfnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, 2053 tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, 2054 nfu" ul/Ps]f 5 . ;f] P]gsf] bkmf 3 / 4 df k|:tfjsn] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf k|:tfjx?sf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f (IEE) ug'{ kg]{ / To:tf] k|:tfj ;DjlGwt lgsfoaf6 :jLs[t gu/fO{ sfo{Gjog u/fpg gx'g] Joa:yf ;d]t u/]sf] 5 eg] ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ;d]t lgb]{zgfTds cfb]z ;d]t hf/L ePsf] 5 . jftfj/0f lgodfjnL, 2054 sf] lgod 3 cg';"rL 1 adf]lhd jg If]q kl/of]hgf k|:tfjx? dWo] aflif{s 5 b]lv 25 d]=6g;Ddsf] sf7 afx]ssf cGo jGohGo pTkfbgsf] ;+sng ug'{ k/]df k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f ug'{kg]{ pNn]v ePsf] 5 . ;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] kl/R5]b 2 df k|f/lDes jtfj/0fLo k/LIf0f ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ r/0fa4 k|s[ofx?sf] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . h;df cGo Aoj:yfsf cltl/Qm k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f ug'{ k"j{ ;DjlGwt lgsfoaf6 sfo{;"rL :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{ k|fjwfg ;d]t /x]sf]5 .

$=@=! jg;DjGwL P]g tyf lgodfjnL

jg hËnsf] ;+/If0f u/L jftfj/0fsf] k|j4{g ug{ / jg k}bfjf/sf] ;d'lrt ;b'kof]u u/L hgtfsf] cfwf/e't cfaZostf kl/k'lt{ ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] jg P]g, 2049 / jg lgodfjnL, 2051 nfu" u/]sf] 5 . jg P]g, 2049 sf] kl/R5]b 3 sf] bkmf 20 / 21 df ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jgsf] lbuf] Joa:yfkgsf nflu sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L :jLs[t x'g'kg]{ tyf sfo{of]hgfn] lgbL{i6 u/]sf] jfx]s cGo s'g}klg sfo{ ug{ u/fpg gkfOg] sfg'gL k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf 22 df ;/sf/åf/f Joal:yt jgsf] jg k}bfjf/sf] :jfldTj tyf laqmL ljt/0f ug]{ Joa:yf ePsf] kfOG5 . jg P]g, 2049 sf] pko'Qm bkmfx?nfO{ jg lgodfjnL, 2051 sf]

21


kl/R5]b 2 sf] lgod 5 b]lv 16 n] k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 . h;df jgk}bfjf/ ;+sng ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ tl/sf, laqmL Joa:yf, lgsf;L ug]{ cjlw tyf s:tf] ca:yfdf jg k}bfjf/ ;+sng / laqmL ug{ gkfO{g] cflb pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .

o;sf cltl/Qm jg P]g, 2049 sf] kl/R5]b 13 sf] bkmf 68 n] s'g} /fli6«o k|fyldstf k|fKt cfof]hgf ;~rfng ubf{ jftfj/0fdf pNn]Vo k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ ePdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fli6«o jg k|of]u ug{ lbg ;Sg] k|fjwfg ub}{ jg lgodfjnLsf] lgod 65 n] To:tf] cfof]hgf ;~rfng ubf{ s;}nfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL k'Ug uPdf ;DjlGwt cfof]hgfn] g} Ifltk'lt{ lbg'kg]{ k|fjwfg u/L hg;fwf/0fsf] df}lns xssf] ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"tL lbPsf]5 .

$=@=@ jGohGt' ;+/If0f ;DjGwL P]g tyf lgodfjnL

b'n{e jGohGt'x?sf] ;+/If0f ug{ /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( nfu" ePsf]5 . o; P]gsf] bkmf !) n] lgs'~h, cf/If, ;+/If0f If]q jf cGo jg If]qdf kfOg] @^ lsl;dsf :tgwf/L ( lsl;dsf k+IfL / # lsl;dsf ;/L;[knfO{ ;+/lIft jGohGt'sf] bhf{ lbO lt jGohGt'nfO{ dfg{ kqmg jf nv]6\g jf cGo s'g} lsl;dn] xflggf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg lgif]w u/]sf] 5 . o; cGtu{t nfu" ul/Psf] sfg"g ;Dk"0f{ lsl;dsf jg If]q jf g]kfn e/ nfu" ePsf] 5 .

$=@=# e" tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f;DjGwL P]g tyf lgodfjnL

e" tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f P]g, @)#( tyf e" tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)$@ df hnfwf/ If]qx?df e"–Ifo tyf af9L klx/f]sf] k|sf]knfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ljleGg k|fjwfgx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

lhNnfsf] pQ/L efudf kg]{ lxdfnL] ka{t >[+vnf e"–Ifosf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;+j]bglzn If]qdf b]vf k/]sf] 5 . h8La'6Lx?sf] ;+sngb]lv lnP/ cTolws r/Lr/fp tyf uf]7 tyf vs{ /fVg] k|j[lQ Pj+ cJojl:yt 9Ën] hl8a'l6x? ;+sng ugf{n] k|fs[lts ;Gt'ng lau|]/ uO/x]sf] 5 . ;fy} To; If]qdf kl//x]sf] dfga lgld{t jgljgf;sf] rfk, clgolGqt 89]nf]sf] sf/0f jif]{gL u]Uo|fgx? tnsf gbLx?df axg] / gbL ;txnfO{{ psf;L a:tL Pj+ v]tLtkm{ clgolGqt jf9Lsf] k|sf]k s]lGb|t ePsf] 5 . o;/L pkNnf] tl6o If]qåf/f tNnf] tl6o If]qnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/g] u]Uf||fgx? vf]nfdf gc6fO{ gbL If]qeGbf

22


aflx/ km}lng] / sxL s6fg / sxL e/fg ug]{ k|lqmof lta| e}/x]sf] 5 . o; qmdnfO{{ /f]Sgsf] nflu cNksfnLg, dWosfnLg / bL3{sfnLg pkfox? cjnDag ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} cNksfnLg pkfosf] ?kdf :k/ Pj+ t6aGw lgdf{0f ug]{, dWosfnLg pkfosf] ?kdf k|efljt If]qsf] jl/k/L j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ / lb3{sfnLg pkfosf] ?kdf ;Dk"0f{ lxdfnL / To; If]qdf kg]{ dxfef/t kxf8sf] s]xL If]qnfO{{ cf/lIft ug]{ tkm{ k|f/lDes sfd yflnPsf] 5 . pNn]lvt If]qnfO{ dfgjLo ultljlwaf6 ck|efljt kfg]{ / ;3g hnfwf/ If]q ;+/If0f sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .

$=@=$ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf lgodfjnL:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% n] uf=lj=;= tyf gu/kfnLsf /

lh=lj=;=nfO{ cfkm\gf] If]qflwsf/ leqsf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f tyf k|j4{g ug{ jg, jg:klt, h}ljs ljljwtf / e"–;+/If0f ;DaGwdf of]hgf tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg ;Sg] clwsf/ k|bfg u/sf] 5 .

$=@=% cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g

dfly pNn]v u/]sf P]g lgodsf cltl/Qm s]xL cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gx?nfO{ k|:tfj sfof{Gjogsf nflu k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fsf qmddf Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . g]kfnn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf ljleGg ;lGw÷dxf;lGwx? Pp6f b:tfj]hsf] ?kdf /x]sf 5g . o:tf cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwx?df Plzof tyf k|zfGt If]qsf] nflu lj?jf ;+/If0f ;Demf}tf (Plant Protection Agreement for Asia and Pacific) h}jLs ljljwtf ;DjGwL dxf;lGw (Convention on Biological Diversity) ;fO{l6; (CITES, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Founa) l;d;f/ ;DjGwL dxf;lGw -Convention on Wetlands of International Importance ) cflb k|d'v /x]sf 5g\ . oL dxf;lGwx?n] k|fs[lts >f]t Joj:yfkg tyf hLj / jg:klt ;+/If0f lglZrt ug{ cfjZos k|fjwfgsf] JofVof u/]sf 5g\ .

$=# lgb]{lzsfx? $=#=! jftfj/0fLo lgb]{lzsf

g]kfn ;/sf/n] cf7f}+ of]hgfsf] gLlt sfo{fGjogdf ;xof]u k'uf]; eGgsf] nflu jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL Nofpg' cuf8L g} Ps /fli6«o jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg lgb]{lzsf 2050 nfu" ul/;s]sf] 5 . of] lgb]{lzsfn] cWoogsf] qmddf hg;xeflutf h'6fpg} kg]{, cfjZos ;'rgfx?sf] ;+sng ug]{, ljjfbsf ljifox?sf] ulDe/tfk"j{s

23


d'Nof+sg ug]{ / jftfj/0fLo cWoogsf] nflu tL ljifox?sf] k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f ug]{ s'/fx?nfO{ k|i6?kdf hf]8 lbPsf]5 .

$=#=@ jg;DjGwL lgb]{lzsfx?g]kfn ;/sf/n] jg P]g, @)$( tyf jg lgodfjnL, @)%! n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L jg k}bfjf/ -sf7÷bfp/f_ ;+sng /

laqmL ljt/0f lgb]{lzsf, 2057, jg k}bfjf/ lnnfd laqmL sfo{ljlw lgb]{lzsf, @)^) nfu" u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} ;fd'bflos jg ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] dfu{bz{g, @)%* -;+zf]wg ;lxt_ df ;/sf/åf/f Joal:yt jg ;fd'bflos jgsf] ?kdf jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ k|s[ofsf jf/]df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

24


cWofo kfFrM lhNnfsf] ;du| ljBdfg cj:yf%=! cjl:ytL, If]qkmnM

kj{t lhNnf klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf] dWo kxf8L lhNnf xf] . of] g]kfnsf &% lhNnfdWo] rf}+yf] ;fgf] lhNnf xf] . kj{t lhNnf ef}uf]lns ljljwtfn] el/Psf] Ps /d0fLo lhNnfsf] ?kdf lrlgG5 . ljZj dfglrqdf kj{t @*°))’!(’’ b]lv @*°@#’%(’’ cIff+z / *#°##’$)’’ b]lv *#°$(’ #)’’ b]zfGt/df /x]sf] 5 . o; lhNnfsf] l;dfgfdf k"j{df sf:sL / :ofËhf blIf0fdf :ofËhf / u'NdL, klZrddf u'NdL, afUn'Ë / DofUbL pQ/df DofUbL lhNnfx? kb{5g\ . o; lhNnfsf] s"n If]qkmn %#^=*^ ju{ ls=dL= /x]sf] 5 . prfO{sf lx;fan] ;d'Gb|L ;txaf6 %@) ld6/ prfO{df /x]sf] ;]bLj]0fLb]lv #,#)( ld6/ prfOdf /x]sf] xDkfnsf] n]s;Ddsf] e"–efu o; lhNnfdf kb{5 .

o; lhNnfsf] s"n e"ld %#^*^=@! x]S6/dWo] jg If]qn] cf]u6]sf] hldg !(,((& x]S6/, s[lif e"ld @$,!&! x]S6/ / k|lt hldg, a'6\ofg, ejg, af6f]3f6f], eL/kfvf tyf vf]nfn] cf]u6]sf] hldg (,%!* x]S6/ /x]sf] 5 . o; lhNnfsf] s"n s[lif hldg @$,!&! x]= dWo] v]t ()&# x]S6/, h; dWo] afx|} dlxgf l;+rfO{{ x'g] ^,$@) x]= / df};dL l;+rfO{{ x'g] @^%# x]= 5 eg] kfvf]af/L !%,)(* x]= /x]sf] 5 .

%=@ pTkfbgpTkfbgsf b[i6Lsf]0fn] o; lhNnfsf] s"n k|zf]lwt vfBGg pTkfbg !(,@$% d]=6g x'G5 . o; lhNnfdf cfjZos kg]{ vBfGgsf] dfqf

@(,$^$=^ d]=6g x'G5 eg] pTkfbg / cfjZostfsf] lx;fan] o; lhNnfdf sl/a !),@!(=^ d]=6g vfBGg gk'u eO{ aflx/af6 cfoft ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . lhNnf leqsf] pTkfbgn] oxfFsf] hg;+VofnfO{ @#& lbg vfg k'U5 eg] !@* lbgsf] nflu cfofltt vfBGgsf] k|of]u x'g] ub{5 .

kj{t ;fgf] lhNnf ePtf klg n]s / a+]l;df xfjfkfgLsf] leGgtf df6f]sf] ljljwtf w/ftnLo :j?k / df]xf]8fdf 7'nf] cGt/ /x]sf]n] s[lif pTkfbgdf tfhf t/sf/L, ljleGg t/sf/Lsf] aLpm, cb'jf, cfn', cn}+rL, skmL, a];f/ cflb, kmnkm'ndf cldnf]hflt, nK;L, s]/f, ln+rL, cf?, cf]v/, gf:ktL cflb x'g\ . a]+;Lsf ;dyn kmfF6x?df pGgt hftsf] vfBGgsf] lj:tf/ u/L nfe lng ;lsG5 eg] kmnfdvfgLdf lrofv]tLsf] k/LIf0f /f]k0f z'? ul/Psf] 5 . kz'kfngsf b[li6n] afv|f, s'v'/f, a'+u'/, v/fof], ufO{e};L g} Joj;fosf d"Vo cfwf/ x'g\ . kmnfdvfgL, eFu/f, z+s/kf]v/L nufotsf uflj;df n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]udf lg/k]If ul/jLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf kl/jf/ dWo]sf !&#! s[ofzLn pBdLx? t/sf/L v]tL, nK;L Sof08L, hfd, h]nL, crf/, 5fnf h'Qf, cNnfsf] sk8f, 6Lsf, ;fa'g, dfx'/L kfng nufotsf Joj;fo z'? u/]sf 5g\ . h;dWo] blnt pBdL %%& hgf, hghftL $!*, cGo &%^ /x]sf 5g\ . h; dWo] dlxnf !,@$% / k'?if $*^ /x]sf 5g\ . pBdLx?nfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf a;L pBd ;~rfng ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] n3'pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd, lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no / lhlj;sf] ;+o'Qm ;xof]udf ljleGg 7fpFdf ;femf ;'ljwf s]Gb|, ;+sng s]Gb| / ;]nf/ :6f]/sf ejgx? lgdf{0f ul/Psf 5g\ .

o; lhNnfdf l6d'/, l;N6Ld'/, nf]7;Nnf, nf]Qmf, cNnf], cu]{nL, ;Q'jf, lr/fO{tf], wl;ª\u|] / vf]6f] h:tf dxTjk"0f{ u}x|sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg e}/x]sf] 5 . log} jg k}bfjf/af6 ;~rfng ePsf pBf]ux?df n]skmfF6df ;'ulGwt t]n pBf]u, s'Zdf, r'jf / /fgLkfgLdf KnfO{p8 / lhNnfsf ljleGg 7fpFdf kmlg{r/ pBf]u tyf cNnf] sk8f, g]kfnL sfuh, df}/L 3f/, h8La'6L k|zf]wg h:tf w]/} ;fgf pBf]ux? ;~rfng e}/x]sf 5g\ . 3/of;L?kdf b}lgs cfjZos kg]{ sf7, bfp/f / 3fF; ;d]t jgaf6 pkef]u e}/x]sf] 5 . o; lhNnfsf] s"n jg If]q !(,((& x]S6/dWo] !#,*%) x]S6/ ;fd'bflos jgsf] ?kdf x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;lsg] ePsf]df xfn;Dd !@,))) x]= ;fd'bflos jg ;d'bfodf x:tfGt/0f e};s]sf] / #%^ ;d"xsf @(,))) 3/w'/L -bf]xf]/f] 3/w'/L 36fOPsf]_ nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . afFsL jg /fli6«o jgsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .

25


o; lhNnfdf !^ j6f lghL jg btf{ ePsf 5g\ . clt u/Lasf] cfo cfh{gsf] nflu ^=*! x]= If]qkmn /x]sf @ j6f sj'lnotL jgaf6 !^ 3/ kl/jf/ nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ .

%=# k|zf;lgs ljefhg tyf hg;+Vof

/fhg}lts ljefhg cg';f/ kj{t lhNnfnfO{ @ lgjf{rg If]q, !! O{nfsf, ! gu/kflnsf $& ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . @)^* sf] /fi6««Lo hgu0fgfsf] tYof° cg';f/ o; lhNnfdf #!,%@& 3/w'/Ldf a;f]af; ug]{ #%&!( kl/jf/ 5g\ . lhNnfsf] s"n hg;+Vof !,$^%() /x]sf] 5 . h;dWo] dlxnf *!,@*( / k"?if ^%,#)! /x]sf 5g\ . o; tYof° cg';f/ o; lhNnfdf k'?ifsf] eGbf dlxnfsf] hg;+Vof a9L b]lvG5 . h;sf] cg'kft !))M*) -dlxnfMk'?if_ /x]sf] 5 . a}b]lzs /f]uuf/df hfg] o; lhNnfdf !(,*%) k'?if / @,@(* dlxnf u/L hDdf @@,!$* /x]sf 5g\ . pQm tYofÍsf cfwf/df hg;+Vof j[l4b/ -–_)=&! b]lvG5 . dfgjLo ljsf;qmdsf] b[li6n] !$ cf}+ :yfgdf kg]{ o; lhNnfdf a|fxd0f, If]qL, du/, sfdL, u'?Ë, bdfO{, ;fsL{, s'Fj/, g]jf/, 3tL{, 7s'/L, ;Gof;L, s'dfn, af]6], dfemL, ysfnL / d':nLd hfltsf] j;f]jf; /x]sf] 5 . %=$ k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tf

o; lhNnfsf /d0fLo n]sfnL r'r'/fx?df pQ/L efudf kg]{ xDkfn / nf]k|]sf n]sx? dWo efusf k~rf;], 8x/] tyf blIf0fL efusf lr;fkfgL / uf]Nof{Ë kj{t lhNnfsf cUnf r'r'/fx? x'g\ . hxfF lzlz/df lxpFn] 9fSg] / j;GtnfO{ n]sfnL h8La'6L, jGohGt' / nfnLu'/fF; nufotsf w]/} ;'Gb/ km"nx?n] l;+ufl//x]sf x'G5g\ . oL r'r'/fx?af6 pQ/L If]qdf b]lvg] lxd>[ª\vnf / 6f9f–6f9fsf dgdf]xs b[io tyf laxfgLsf] ;"of]{bosf] ;'Gb/tfn] ko{6sx?nfO{ dGqd'Uw kfb{5g\ . o; lhNnfdf g]kfns} cUnf] emf]nË] k'n, sflnu08sLdf hnofqf, b'n'{Ë, SofË / e"saf6 x'g] Kof/fUnfOl8Ë cflbsf] ljsf;af6 ko{6g ljsf;sf] 7"nf] ;Defjgf 5 .

s'Zdfsf] u'Kt]Zj/ u'kmf, s6'jfrf}kf/Lsf] cnk]Zj/ u'kmf, kfËsf] e'jg]Zj/L / kfj{tL u'kmf, a/f{rf}/sf] l;tnkf6L u'kmf, n'+v' rgf}6]sf] eL/d'lgsf] u+ufw/ / 9fpF8'Ë] u'kmfx?, r'jfsf] nfn]Zj/ u'kmf o; lhNnfsf k|l;4 u'kmfx? x'g eg] wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo b[li6n] df]bLj]0fLsf] g/l;+x dlGb/, ;]bLj]0fLsf] zfnLu|fdlznf, wfO{l/Ësf] e"d], kfËsf] ;x>wf/f, s'3f{, n'+v', ef]lS;Ë / kfË/fËsf] zL/df /x]sf] lr;fkfgLsf] sflnsf b]jL dlGb/, s'Zdf, cfy{/ / ef]n]{sf af}4 u'Dafx?, 7"nL kf]v/Lsf] af6'n]rf}/, xf]>fËbLsf] k}+o'sf]6 / wF'jfsf]6sf] P]ltxfl;s b/af/ tyf lsNnfx?, dfemkmfF6sf] s0f]

26


{nsf] b/af/ tyf n'+v'sf] dxfzLnf -h;nfO{ d]n9'Ëf klg elgG5, Plzof s} 7"nf] lznf elgPsf] 5_ dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5g\ . %=% lhNnfsf] ;8s, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf]=@)&) c;f/ d;fGt;Ddsf] tYofÍcg';f/ o; lhNnfdf nf]sdfu{ / ;xfos nf]sdfu{ u/L hDdf ^#=#$ ls=dL= d"Vo ;8s /x]sf] 5 . u'0f:t/ cg';f/ g=kf= tyf uf=lj=;=df $%=!* ls=dL= kSsL ;8s / ^)=@& ls=dL= u|fe]n ;8s /x]sf] 5 . %% uf=lj=;=sf] s"n sRrL ;8s **)=(! ls=dL=eGbf a9L 5 . vfg]kfgL ;'ljwf ()=^* k|ltzt 3/w'/Ldf, kSsL zf}rfno lgdf{0f (& k|ltzt\ 3/w'/Ldf b]lvG5 eg] o; lhNnfsf ! gu/kflnsf tyf $& uf=lj=;=x? v'Nnf lbzf d'Qm 3f]if0ff eO{ @)^( ;fn r}q #! ut] v'Nnf lb;fd'Qm lhNnf 3f]if0f ePsf] 5 . cfsfz] kfgL ;+sng u/L vfg]kfgLsf] uhf]{ 6fg]{ a:tLx?df xf]>fËbL, kmnfdvfgL, p/fd / z+s/kf]v/Ldf k|lt3/ @,))) ln6/ Ifdtfsf @%! 3}+6f lgdf{0f ul/Psf 5g\ .%=^ lzIff tyf :jf:Yo

lzIff If]qdf x]bf{ o; lhNnfdf !@ SofDk;, #% p=df=lj, $@ df=lj=, #$ lg=df=lj= !(( k|f=lj= /x]sf 5g\ eg] lghL >f]tsf af]l8{·x?df k|f=lj= @@, lg=df=lj= *, df=lj=sf] ;+Vof !@ / pRr df=la= ! /x]sf] 5 . z}lIfs lx;fan] & lg/LIf]0f s]Gb| / !^ >f]t s]Gb|cGtu{t kj{tsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfnox? ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . o; lhNnfsf] ;fIf/tf k|ltzt *#=$@ /x]sf] 5 . h; dWo] k"?if *#=$@∞ / dlxnf ^^=#*∞ u/L s"n cf}iftdf &#=*% k|ltzt\ ;fIf/ 5g\ .

o; lhNnfdf %@ :jf:Yo rf}sL / @ k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|af6 $) k|sf/sf cf}iflw lgMz'Ns ljt/0fsf ;fy} cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf, tyf k|ltsf/fTds / pkrf/fTds :jf:Yo ;]jf tyf lhNnf c:ktfnaf6 :jf:Yo lzIf0f / ;"rgfsf] ;fy} Ifo/f]u, s'i7/f]u, xfQLkfOn] /f]u / cf}nf]Hj/f]sf] /f]syfdsf] cnjf lgz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jfsf sfo{qmdx?, lgz'Ns k|;'tL ;]jf / @$ 306] :jf:Yo ;]jf, ;fd'bflos cf}iflw ljt/0f ;]jf tyf &! k|sf/sf cf}iflwsf] lgz'Ns ljt/0f, PS;–/] / Nofa ;]jf ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . lhNnfsf @% :yfgx?df @$ 306] k|;'tL ;]jf ;~rfng ePsf] 5 . o;/L g=kf= tyf ;a} uf=lj=;=af6 :jf:Yo;]jfsf] kx'“r /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;sf cltl/Qm kmn]jf;df ;~rflnt x]NkLËx]G8\; ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo lSnlgsaf6 PS;–/], O;LhL, cN6«f;fpG8, Nofj, kmfd]{;L, ;fdfGo zNolqmof / k|;'tL ;]jf ;d]t k|bfg u/]sf] 5 eg] x'jf;df o:t} k|sf/sf] lSnlgssf] :yfkgf x'g nfu]sf] 5 .

27


lhNnfdf /x]sf $ j6f cfo'j]{lbs :jf:Yo s]Gb|n] ;d]t :jf:Yo If]qdf yk ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . %=& glb, vf]nf gfnf

hn>f]tsf] b[li6n] x]bf{ kj{tsf] klZrdL efudf sfnLu08sL gbL, dWoefudf df]bL vf]nf 5g\ . df]bL phf{ vf]nfsf] ?kdf 5 eg] sfnLu08sL gbL 9'Ëf, lu§L jfn'jfsf] d"Vo >f]t xf] . cGo vf]nfx? n'ª\bL, n:tL, kftL, /tL, hx/], dNofËbL, lrbL{, ndfo, n'jf, afR5f, vx/], dbL{, l;pbL ;]bL, nufotsf vf]nfx? l;+rfO{{sf d'Vo >f]tx? x'g\ . ljB't pkof]usf] b[li6df ef]lS;Ë, afR5f, kfª/fË, e's, SofË, ;/f}+vf]nf, ef]n]{ / x'jf; uf=lj=;=df n3' hnljB't of]hgf ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . h;af6 !^@=% ls=jf= ljB't pTkfbg u/L !^)) 3/w'/Ln] nfe lnO/x]sdf xfn eg] ;~rfng x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;f}o{ phf{af6 ljB't afNg] 3/w'/Ldf 7"nf ljB't of]hgfdf !$ d]3fjf6 Ifdtfsf] df]bLvf]nf kj{tsf] b]pk'/ uf=lj=;=df / !) d]3fjf6sf] tNnf] df]bLvf]nf hnljB't cfof]hgf r'jf uf=lj=;=df ;~rfng e}/x]sf 5g\ . o; lhNnfsf @^ uf=lj=;=sf !%#@& 3/w'/Ln] s]Gb|Lo k|;f/0f nfOgaf6 @^ ;fd'bflos ;+:yfsf &# nf]8;]G6/sf (,*&& 3/w'/Ln] ;fd'bflos ljB'tLs/0faf6 ljB't ;'ljwf k|fKt u/L ;s]sf 5g\ . kfvfkfgL / afR5fdf ev{/} ;fd'bflos laB'tLs/0fsf] sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 eg] ef]lS;Ë dfq ! uf=lj=;=df n3' hnlaB't cfof]hgfaf6 z'Id?kdf laB't aln/x]sf] 5 . o; lhNnfdf !*) j6f rlk{ hl8t uf]j/UofF+; ;~rfngdf 5g\ .%=* ;~rf/

;~rf/ If]qsf] o; lhNnfsf] ljsf; qmdnfO{ x]bf{ g]kfn 6]lnsd, kj{tsf cg';f/ oxf“ ;fwf/0f 6]lnkmf]g nfOg !,@#^ j6f, l;=l8=Pd=P= !,$^%, kf]i6k]8 df]jfOn !$^@ yfg, lk|k]8 df]jfOn *%,((^ / :sfO{ df]jfOn !)##) yfg, P=l8=P;\=Pn= #%) / Pg=l6 :of6 !, Pg=l6= jfOkmfO ! o; lhNnfaf6 ljt/0f ePsf] b]lvG5 . P;;]nsf] oxfF clen]v pNn]v ul/Psf] 5}g .

kj{t lhNnf ;fgf] lhNnf ePtf klg oxf“ :n]6 9'Ëfsf vfgL, kmnfdvfgL, tfdfvfgL cflbsf] pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] P]ltxfl;s k|df0f kfOG5 . o; lhNnfdf ;'gvfgL /x]sf] eGg] Ps cWofogn] b]vfPsf] 5 . xfn vlgh pTkfbgsf] ?kdf :n]6 9'Ëf, afn'jf, lu§L dfq lgsf;L eO/x]sf 5g\ . le/fnf] hldgsf sf/0f af9L klx/f], gbL s6fg / sRrL ;8saf6 x'g] e"–Ifo o; lhNnfsf d"Vo ;d:of x'g\ . e"–Ifo lgoGq0f sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L ?kn] ;~rfng ug]{, sRrL ;8snfO{ u|fe]ln· / sfnf]kq] ub}{ nfg] tyf ljsf;sf ;Defjgfx?sf] klxrfg

28


u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] v08df kj{t lhNnf klg g]kfnsf] Ps gd"gf lhNnfsf] ?kdf :yflkt x'g;Sg] alnof] ;Defjgf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

cWofo 5M k|:tfjsf] ljsNk ljZn]if0f^= k|:tfjsf] ljsNk ljZn]if0f

ljsNk ljZn]if0f jftfj/0fLo k|efj cWoogsf] dxTjk"0f{ cËsf] ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 . 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb ;+sng ubf{ jg If]qsf ;fy} ;+sng If]qdf s'g} lsl;dsf] xfgL gf]S;fgL gkf/L tyf aftfa/0fLo ca:yfdf s'g} k|efa gkg]{ u/L ;+sng ug]{ Joa:yf ul/g]5 . o;sf] nflu lgodfg';f/ ;+sng Ohfht lbOg] / sd{rf/Lx?n] lgoldt cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g]5 . ;+sng sfo{af6 jftfj/0fdf c;/ gkg]{ k/Dk/fut tyf cfw'lgs ;fwgsf] dfq k|of]u ul/g]5 . h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0fnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL lgwf{l/t :yfgdf dfq k|:tfj sfo{fGjog x'g] / of] k|:tfjn] jftfj/0fnfO{ Iflt gk'¥ofO{ k|:tfjdf pNn]lvt >f]t ;e]{If0faf6 lgwf{l/t eP adf]lhdsf] kl/df0f dfq ;+sng ug]{ Joa:yf ldnfOg] 5 . jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ sf] cg';"rL $ / cg';"rL ^ df pNn]v eP cg';f/ ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{ ljsNkx? dWo] o; k|:tfjsf] ;Defljt ljsNk lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ .

ljsNk ! M k|:tfj sfof{Gjog g} gug]{ .ljsNk @ M k/Dk/fut ljlwåf/f k|:tfj sfof{Gjog ug]{ .ljsNk # M j}1flgs Aoa:yfkg k|0ffnL cg';f/ k|:tfj sfo{fGjog ug]{ .

^=! ljsNkx?

ljsNk ! M k|:tfj sfo{fGjog gug]{o; k|sf/sf] lasNknfO{ /f]Hbf k|:tfljt If]qdf ePsf 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf ;+sng tyf pTvgg\ g} gug]{, ;f] If]qnfO{ k'0f{ ?kdf lgif]lwt If]qsf] (Protection Oriented Area) ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ . u}/ sfg"gL ?kdf ;+sng u/]df ljuf] hkmt u/L k|rlnt P]g sfg"g adf]lhd b08 ;hfo ug'{ kg]{ / If]qsf] k"0f{ /]vb]v lh=la=;=af6 ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ljsNk @ M k/Dk/fut ljlwåf/f k|:tfj sfo{fGjog ug]{

k/Dk/fut lalwåf/f 9'Ëf, lu§L / jfn'jf ;+sng tyf pTvgg\\ ubf{ >f]tx?sf] cj}1flgs / clgolGqt ?kaf6 ;+sng tyf laqmL ljt/0f x'g], cbIf dflg;x?af6 ;do ;Ldf g/flv s'g} klg avt >f]t ;+sng ug]{ / Joj;foLs ?kdf sfd ug]{ JolQmx?nfO{ laqmL

29


ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . >f]t ;+nsg ug]{] dflg;x?nfO{ ;f] sf] dxTj, d"No, ;+sng ljlw nufotsf s'g} s'/fsf] klg hfgsf/L gx'g] / hyfeflj s'g} 1fg lagf >f]t ;+sng ubf{ o;af6 kof{j/0f tyf kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLdf g/fd|f] k|efj k'Ug'sf ;fy} :yfgLo /fhZj tyf hgtfsf] cfly{s pGglt ;d]tdf jfwf k'Ug] x'G5 .

ljsNk # M j}1flgs Aoa:yfkg k|0ffnL cg';f/ k|:tfj sfo{fGjog ug]{ ca}1flgs / cAojl:yt ljlwåf/f 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf pTvgg\ ubf{ To:tf >f]tx?sf] lg/Gt/tf gx'g]], x}l;otdf x|f; cfpg] ePsf]n] To;sf] a}1flgs Joa:yfkgsf ;fy} ;+sng ljlwdf ;'wf/ NofO{ o:tf >f]tsf] lbuf] ljsf; ug{ of] k|:tfj k|:t't ul/Psf] xf] . 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflbsf] ljutdf ePsf] ;+sng ljlwdf 5nkmn ubf{ cJojl:yt lsl;daf6 ;+sng tyf pTvgg\ ul/Psf] hfgsf/L cfPsf]n] cfufdL lbgx?df ;+sng ubf{ hxf kfof] ToxL ;+sng gu/L tf]lsPsf] If]qaf6 dfq ;+sng sfo{ ug]{÷u/fOg]5 .

^=@ ljsNkx?sf] jftfj/0fLo k|efjsf] t'ngfTds k|efjx?sf] ljZn]if0f k|:tfj sfo{fGjogsf tLgj6f ljsNkx?nfO{ tnsf] tflnsfdf t'ngfTds ?kdf ljZn]if0f ul/Ps]f 5 . o;f] ubf{ tLg j6f ljsNkx? dWo] pko'Qm lasNk 5gf}6 ug{ ;xh x'g]5 . o;sf ;fy} pQm lasNkx? sfo{fGjogaf6 aftfa/0fdf kg]{ cg's"n tyf k|lts"n k|efjx?nfO{ lgDg adf]lhd k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 .

cg's"n / k|lts"n k|efjx?sf] ljj/0ftflnsf ^=#

l; g+

ljsNkx?

cg's"n jftfj/0fLo k|efj k|lts"n jftfj/0fLo k|efj

e" Ifodf sdL :yfgLo :t/df ul/jL lgjf/0fsf nflu lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtfdf sdL cfpg]

jftfj/0fdf ;+t'ng cf}Bf]lus ljsf;df 6]jf gk'Ug]

k|fs[lts ca:yfdf /x]sf >f]t x?sf] ;+/If0f / a[l4

o; sfo{df ;+nUg :yfgLo hgzlQm lj:yflkt x'g]

30


!ljsNk ! k|:tfj sfof{Gjog gug]{

>f]tsf] rf]/Ldf sdL ;+sng gx'bf >f]tsf] ;b'kof]u geO{ v]/ hfg]

hnr/ / plgx?sf] jf;:yfgsf] ;+/If0f

:yfgLo hg;d'bfoaf6 ;+/If0f sfo{df ;xeflutfsf] sldsf] sf/0f >f]tsf] b'?kof]u x'g]

j+zf0f' >]ft ;+/If0f :yfgLo ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{df k|lts"n c;/ kg]{

h}ljs ljljwtf / kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLsf] ;+/If0f

sRrf kbfy{sf] cfk"lt{ gx"+bf pBf]u aGb x'g] jf csf]{ b]zsf] e/ kg'{ kg{]

>f]tsf] df}Hbftdf a[l4 /fhZj gp7bf cy{tGqdf k|lts"n c;/ kg,9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb ;+sng gubf{ gbLsf] ;tx a9g uO{ af9Lsf] kfgL a:tL / v]tdf k;L wghgsf] gf]S;fgL x'g],gbLsf] ;tx a9L afFw / k'nx?nfO{ aiff{tsf] ;dodf Iflt k'Ug] .

bIf hgzlQm cfaZos gkg]{

9+'uf, lu§L jfn'jf h:tf k}bfjf/sf] b'?kof]u x'g]

gLlt lgodsf] k/Llw leq gcfpg]

dxTjk"0f{ k|hfltx? nf]k x'g uO{ h}ljs ljljwtfdf x|f; cfpg] / /fhZj ;d]t k|fKt gx'g]

31


@

ljsNk @ k/Dk/fut lalwåf/f k|:tfj sfof{Gjog ug]{

cNksfnLg ?kdf cToflws kl/df0f ;+sng x'g]

:yfgLo lgsfonfO{ k|fKt x'g] /fhZjdf sdL cfpg] / ;/sf/L hgzlQmsf] a9L cfaZostf kg]{

;+sngsf] a}1fgLs k|s[ofsf jf/]df hfgsf/L cfaZos gkg]{

jftfj/0f ljgf;sf k|efjx? b]lvg]

s'g} ;Lk / k|ljlwsf] cfjZos gkg]{

:yfgLo pBf]unfO{ lgodlt ?kdf sRrf kbfy{ k|fKt gx'g]

:jtGq ?kdf h'g;'s} ;do / ca:yfdf kfO{P;Dd ;+sng ug{ ;lsg]

;+nUg hgzlQm lj:yflkt x'g]

sd nfutdf >f]t ;+sng x'g]

:yfgLo :t/df /f]huf/L / cGo cfo cfh{gsf ca;/x? 36b} hfg]:yfgLo :t/df u/Llj lgjf/0fsf nflu gLlh If]qsf] ;+nUgtfdf sdL cfpg] jg>f]]tsf] cToflws bf]xg x'g]cJol:yt tl/sfn] 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb ;+sng ubf{ gbLsf] ;tx ulx/f] eO{ lsgf/ s6fg x'g] .ef}lts ;+/rgfx? k'n, afFw cflbnfO{ Iflt k'Ug ;Sg] .

32


#

ljsNk # j}1flgs Aoa:yfkg k|0ffnL cg';f/ k|:tfj sfo{fGjog ug]{

9'Ëf, lu§L jfn'jf h:tf >f]tsf] lbuf] Joa:yfkg x'g] / nf]kf]Gd'v k|hfltsf] ;+/If0f / lasf;sf ;fy} :yfgLo txdf k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f x'g]

k|:tfj sfo{fGjog ubf{ bIf hgzlQmsf] cfaZostf kg]{

:yfgLo pBf]unfO{ sRrf kbfy{ :yfoL / lbuf] ?kdf k|fKt x'g] .

a9L vlr{nf] x'g]

:yfgLo:t/df yk /f]huf/Lsf ca;/ l;h{gf eO{ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs lasf;df yk 6]jf k'Ug]

dfgljo ultjLlwsf sf/0f e" Ifo a9g ;Sg]

hg;xeflutfdf a[l4 eO{{ :yfgLo hg;d'bfoaf6 ;+/If0f, ;Daw{g sfo{df ;sf/fTds k|efj kg]{

hn ;+u ;DjGwLt hLahGt"x? dfglao k|efjdf cfpg ;Sg]

jftfj/0fLo k|lts"n k|efj 36g uO{ ;sf/fTds k|efj a9g hfg]

;dokfngf / lglZrt lgod sfg"gsf] kfngf ug'{ kg]{

h}las j+zf0f' >f]t ;+/If0fdf d2t ldNg]

cGo k|hftLx?s]f xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g ;Sg]

h}las ljljwtf / kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLsf] ;+/If0f x'g]

lbuf] ?kdf /fhZj k|fKt eO{ :yfgLo cfodf a[l4 x'g]cGo ljleGg pkof]uL k|hftLs]f klxrfg x'g]

33


cg';Gwfg tyf cWoogdf d2t ldNg]dfu / cfk"lt{sf] l:ytL ljZn]if0f u/L ;+lrtL ;d]t ug{ ;lsg]Jojl:yt tl/sfn] 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb ;+sng ubf{ lsgf/ s6fg gx'g], gbL jLr efuaf6 axg] / :yfgLo hg;d'bfonfO{ /f]huf/L ;d]t x'g] .ef}lts k"jf{wf/x? k'n afFw cflbsf] ;+/If0f x'g] .

tflnsf ;DaGwdf :yfgLoaf;Lx?;Fusf] 5nkmnsf cfwf/df cWoog ubf{ k|:tfj sfof{Gjogsf lasNkx? lasNk g+= ! k|:tfj sfof{Gjog gug]{, lasNk g+= @ k/Dk/fut lalwåf/f k|:tfj sfof{Gjog ug]{ / lasNk g+= # a}1flgs Aoj:yfkg k|0ffnL cg';f/ k|:tfj sfof{Gjog ug]{df k|:tfj sfof{Gjog ug]{df k|:tfj g+= # cg';f/ jftfj/0fLo k|efjsf] cg's"n k|lts"ntfnfO{ x]bf{ ;a}eGbf sd c;/ kg]{, pTvgg\ sfo{ jftfj/0fd}qL x'g], :yfgLo ;|f]tsf] ;lx ;b'kof]u x'g], :yfgLo:t/df yk /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x? ;[hgf eO{ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;df yk 6]jf k'Ug], lbuf]?kdf /fhZj k|fKt eO{ :yfgLo cfodf a[l4 x'g], hg;xeflutf a9\g] h:tf ljleGg sf/0fn] ubf{ of] lasNk g} plrt 7xl/Psf] sf/0f lh=lj=;=n] sfof{Gjogsf nflu lasNk # nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] k|of; u/]sf]5 .

34


cWofo ;ftM jftfj/0fLo k|efasf] klxrfg tyf ;+/If0fsf pkfox?

&=! k|:tfj sfof{Gjog ubf{ jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k|efjx? k|:tfj sfof{Gjogjf6 jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] k|efjx?sf] klxrfg 9'Ëf,

lu§L, afn'jf cflb ;+sng tyf pTvgg\\ sfo{ ;~rfng ubf{ / pQm sfo{n] eljiodf lgDtfpg ;Sg] k|efjx?sf] klxrfg / ljZn]if0f h}ljs, ef}lts, /;folgs, cfly{s–;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ul/Psf] 5 . k|:tfj sfof{Gjogjf6 d'Vo u/L ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds k|efax? x'g] ub{5g\ . ;fdfGotof ;sf/fTds k|efax?nfO{ clwstd / gsf/fTds k|efax?nfO{ Go"g ub}{ 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb ;+sng tyf pTvgg\\ sfo{ ug'{kb{5 . k|:tfj sfof{Gjosf jftfj/0fLo c;/x? j:t'ut jftfj/0fLo cj:yfsf] aofg (Environmental Baseline Information) / k|:tfj sfof{Gjog ljlwx?sf] ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 .&=@ k|:tfj sfof{Gjogaf6 kg{] cg's'n k|efax? &=@=! ef}lts jftfj/0f s_ e" pkof]udf kg]{ k|efj

v]/ hfg] >f]t ;+sng tyf laqmLsf cltl/Qm ;+/If0f, ;Daw{g / gbL lgoGq0f ;DjGwL of]hgf ;d]t sfof{Gjog x'g] ePaf6 h] hlt dfqfdf vfnL÷gfËf] hldg /x]sf] 5, ;f] :yfgdf a[Iff/f]k0f x'g], lu§L, afn'jf cflb gbL vf]nfx?sf] jLr efuaf6 ;+sng ul/g] x'Fbf To;af6 gbL lsgf/ ;'/lIft eO{ jg tyf ;f] If]qsf] jt{dfg ca:yfdf ;d]t qmlds ;'wf/ x'g] 5 h;af6 Ground Cover & Crown Cover df a[l4 eO{ hdLgsf] ;+/If0fsf ;fy} e" Ifo ;d]t lgoGq0f / /f]syfd x'g]5 . of] k|efj ck|ToIf, dWod, :yfgLo / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg]5 To;}n] k|efj d"NofÍg ubf{ of] k|efj dWod ?kdf dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 . -v_ ef}lts ;+/rgfdf kg]{ k|efj

gbL vf]nfx? / afFwx?df ag]sf ef}lts ;+/rgfx? glhs ;+sng sfo{ ul/Pdf oL ;+/rgfsf] hu -Foundation_ df k|ToIf ?kn] c;/ ub{5 . o:t} gbLsf] lsgf/df aFg]sf d7, dlGb/, dl:hbx? glhs klg ;+sng sfo{af6 c;/ x'g ;S5 . t/ ;+sngsf] sfo{ o:tf ef}lts ;+/rgfx?

35


eGbf 6f9f lgwf{/0f u/]df ;d:ofx?af6 aFRg ;lsG5 . dfu{sf] k'n tndfly @))÷@)) ld6/ ;+sng gug]{ / gbL vf]nfx?sf] b'j} lsgf/ tkm{ slDtdf @))÷@)) ld6/ ;+/If0f If]q sfod ul/Pdf lo ;d:ofx? b]vf kg]{ 5}gg\ . &=@=@ h}las k|efax?

s_ hg;+Vofdf kg]{ k|efj k|:tfa sfof{Gjogaf6 :yfgLo dflg;x?n] /f]huf/L kfpg] /

sfof{Gjog If]qdf ;a} h;f] :yfgLo sfdbf/x? g} sfd ug]{ x'bf :yfgLo dflg;x?n] /f]huf/L kfpg] / To;af6 :yfgLo dflg;x?sf] cfly{s:t/df ;'wf/ x'g]5 . o;jf6 k|:tfljt I]fqsf] lakGg tyf lk5l8Psf au{sf] ;fdflhs lasf;df ;d]t pNn]Vo a[l4 x'g]5 .v_ jg, hËn tyf s[lifhGo jg:klt, jGohGt' tyf 3/kfn'jf hGt'df kg]{ k|efa -!_ a}1flgs tyf lbuf] Aoa:yfkg

k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|lta]bgsf] l:js[lt nuQ} Aoa:yfkg sfo{ of]hgf nfu' ul/g] ePsf]n] o;sf] ;sf/fTds kIf eg]sf] a}1flgs Aoa:yfkg xf] . o;af6 x}l;ot klxrfg, aflif{s ;+sng ug{ ;lsg] kl/df0fsf] lgwf{/0f, ;+sng lalw cflb ;a} s'/fx? a:t'ut ?kdf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] x'Fbf a}1flgs t/Lsfn] Aoa:yfkg x'G5 . pNn]v ul/Psf If]qaf6 >f]tsf] ;+sng ul/g] 5 . o;sf ;fy} sfdbf/x?nfO{ tflnd, k|rf/ k|;f/ u/fO{ ;+sng tyf sd Ifltsf] nflu plrt ;+sng ;dosf] lgwf{/0f cflb sfo{x?n] >f]tsf] u'0ffTds al[4 x'g] b]lvG5 .

-@_clgoldttf 36\g] k|:tfasf] sfof{Gjog ug{] l;nl;nfdf sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgoldt ;

+nUgtf /xg] x'gfn] ;+sng sfo{sf] lgoldt cg'udg x'g hfg] / sdL sdhf]/Lsf] ;dodf g} ;ldIff u/L ;ts{tf ckgfpg ;lsg] ePsf]n] ck/fw sd x'g] b]lvG5 . 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf h:tf >f]tsf] lbuf] Aoa:yfkg sfo{n] :yfgLo :t/df hgr]tgf clea[l4 x'g u} >f]tsf] unt tyf clgoldt ;+sngdf lgoGq0f cfpg] 5 .

u_= k|fs[lts af;:yfg / ;d'bfodf kg]{ k|efj 36


-!_ k|fs[lts af;:yfgsf] ;+/If0f x'g] k|:tfasf] sfof{Gjog ug{] lznl;nfdf sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgoldt

cg'udg sfo{af6 dxTjk"0f{ k|fs[lts af;:yfgx?sf] klxrfg ;d]t x'g]5, h;af6 ;+/If0f sfo{df ;/ntf cfpg] 5 . o;sf ;fy} k|fs[lts af;:yfgsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf If]qx?df laz]if ;+/If0fsf sfo{qmd nfu" ul/g] ePsf]n] ;+/If0f sfo{df yk ;sf/fTds k|efa kg{ hfg] b]lvG5 .

-@_ k|lawL x:tfGt/0f x'g] k|:tfasf] sfof{Gjog :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;+nUgtfdf x'g]

ePsf]n] >f]t Aoa:yfkg ;DjGwL ;Lk tyf k|lawLsf] x:tfGt/0f x'g] b]lvG5 . 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflbsf]] ;+sng tyf ;b'kof]u ug{] t/Lsf af/] :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g] 5 . k|:tfa sfof{Gjogdf af:tlas ?kn] k|eflat AolQmx?nfO{ ;dfa]z u/L ;Lk tyf k|lalwsf] 1fg lbgfn] k|lalw x:tfGt/0f x'g uO{ e"–Ifo, af9L / gbLsf] axfa If]q pRrf] x'g' h:tf k|sf]kx? Go'g x'g] tyf j/k/sf] jg tyf jftfj/0fsf] lbuf] ;+/If0fdf ;xof]u x'g] b]lvG5 .

&=@=# ;fdflhs, cfly{s / ;f+:s[lts If]qdf kg]{ k|efax?

k|:tfa sfof{Gjog ePkl5 :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ k|ToIf /f]huf/Lsf] ca;/x? k|fKt e} cfo cfh{gdf a[l4 x'g]5 . o;af6 :yfgLo :t/df ahf/sf] lasf; x'g u} pBf]u, Jofkf/, s[lif cflb If]qdf k|ToIf of]ubfg k'Ug] / cfly{s s[ofsnfk a9\g u} cfly{s utLlzntf a9\g hfG5 . :yfgLo hgtfx?nfO{ cfo cfh{gsf ca;/x? k|fKt x'g] x'gfn] hLjg:t/ psf:g d2t k'Ug uO{ ul/jL Go'lgs/0fdf ;d]t dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'Ug] b]lvG5 .

&=@=#=! dfga hLjgdf kg]{ k|efa

-s_ hg;xeflutfdf a[l4 k|:tfa sfof{Gjog x'bf k|:tfadf pNn]lvt k|fo ;a} s[ofsnfkdf

:yfgLo hgtfsf] ;xeflutf x'g] / cem 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf h:tf

37


>f]t ;+sng ug{{] sfo{df :yfgLo hgtfx?nfO{ /f]huf/L k|ft x'g] x'bf ;xefuLtfdf a[l4 x'g] b]lvG5 .

-v_ /f]huf/Ldf a[l4 tyf ul/jL Go"gLs/0fdf 6]jf >f]t ;+sng Pa+ 9'jfgL sfo{df bIf sfdbf/ -Skill Manpower_

cfj:os gkg]{ x'bf gbL cf;kf;sf sfdbf/x?nfO{ g} ;+nUg x'g] cj;/ k|ft x'G5 . 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb ;+sngaf/] ljutsf jif{x?df ;+sng ug]{ hg;d'bfo / ;jf/L rfns;Fusf] 5nkmnjf6 k|fKt hfgsf/L cg';f/ $%) 3glkm6 -!@=*^ 3gld6/+_ 9'Ëf lul§, jfn'jf cflb ;+sng / 9'jfgL -nf]8, cgnf]8_ ug{ ^ hjfg nfUg] hfgsf/L kfO{of] . o;nfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf !%)) 3g ld6/ 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb ;+sng sfo{ ul/+bf jif]{gL !%) eGbf a9L >|dlbg /f]huf/Lsf] >[hgf x'g] b]lvG5 . o; sfdsf] nflu aflx/af6 a;fO{–;/fO{ u/L dflg;x? gcfpg] x'gfn] :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?sf] ;:s[ltdf s'g} c;/ gkg]{ b]lvG5 . o:tf jg k}bfjf/ laqmL lat/0faf6 /fhZjsf ;fy} lh=la=;=nfO{ s/ ;d]t k|fKt x'g] ePsf]n] To;af6 :yfgLo lasf;sf of]hgfx? ;~rfngdf ;d]t 7'nf] d2t k'Ug]5 . k|:tfa sfof{Gjog x'bf k|:tfadf pNn]lvt k|fo ;a} s[ofsnfkdf :yfgLo hgtfsf] ;xeflutf x'g] / k|:tfa sfof{Gjog ePkl5 :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ k|ToIf /f]huf/Lsf] ca;/x? k|fKt e} cfo cfh{gdf a[l4 x'g]5 . o;af6 :yfgLo :t/df ahf/sf] lasf; x'g u} pBf]u, Jofkf/, s[lif cflb If]qdf k|ToIf of]ubfg k'Ug] / cfly{s s[ofsnfk a9\g u} cfly{s utLlzntf a9\g hfG5 . :yfgLo hgtfx?nfO{ cfo cfh{gsf ca;/x? k|fKt x'g] x'gfn] hLjg:t/ psf:g d2t k'Ug uO{ ul/jL Go'lgs/0fdf ;d]t dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'Ug] b]lvG5 . of] k|efj k|ToIf, pRr, :yfgLo / 5f]6f] ;do;Dd /xg]5 t/ cfo cfh{gsf] ;lx ;b'kof]u / nufgL ug{ ;s] nfdf] ;do;Dd o;sf] k|efj kg]{5 . To;}n] k|efj d"NofÍg ubf{ of] k|efj dWod ?kdf dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 .

38

x'jf; uf=lj=;=–! a:g] %) jlif{o uf}dtf ;'gf/ o;f] elG5g\– æd]/f ^ 5f]/L / # 5f]/fx? 5g . >Ldfgn] vRr8 v]b\g] sfo{ ug'{x'G5 . d]/f] a:g] ;fdfGo 3/ afx]s c? s]lx 5}g . Ps lbgdf %–^ kfyL lu§L s'6\5', ! dlxgfdf ! 6fnL x'G5, ! 6fnLsf] ? %))).– k5{ . o;}af6 u'hf/f rn]sf] 5 . d h:tf o; au/df lu§L,


&=@=#=@ ;fdflhs, wfld{s / ;f:s[lts d"No dfGotfdf x'g] kl/at{g

;dfhsf] cfly{s pGgltaf6 dflg;x?sf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ eO{ To;af6 ;dfhsf] ;+f:s[lts lasf;df ;d]t of]ubfg k'Ub5 . k|:tfasf] sfof{Gjog x'Fbf laleGg lsl;dsf /f]huf/Lsf ca;/x? >[hgf x'g] ePsfn] u/La hgtfsf] cfly{s l:yltdf ;'wf/ cfP/ pgLx?sf] ;fdflhs ;+:sf/ h:t} l/tLl/jfhsf] kfngf, lzIff, :jf:Yo, wfld{s sfo{ tyf ;fdflhs ;'wf/sf sfo{df ;xeflutf a[l4 x'g hfG5 . wfld{s b[li6sf]0fn] gbL lsgf/fdf kljq :gfg ug]{ :yfg ;+/If0f x'g] xF'bf o;jf6 ;+:s[ltdf gsf/fTds k|efa kg{] b]lvFb}g . ;fy} aflx/af6 a;fO{–;/fO{ u/L dflg;x? gcfpg] x'gfn] :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?sf] ;:s[ltdf s'g} c;/ kg]{ b]lvb}g\ .

&=@=#=# pBf]u wGbfx?nfO{ sRRff kbfy{sf] cfk"lt{ / /fhZjdf a[l4

-s_ /fli6«o pBf]u wGbfx?nfO{ sRRff kbfy{sf] ;/n cfk"lt{

:yfgLo If]qdf /x]sf 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf h:tf k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]ux?nfO{ cfaZos kg{] sRrf kbfy{sf] ;/n tl/sfn] cfk"lt{ ug{ o; of]hgfn] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5, ;fy} :yfgLo:t/ tyf afXo cfjZos kg]{ lgdf{0fsf ;fdu|Lx? -9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb_ ;d]t pknAw x'g] x'Fbf zx/Ls/0fdf ;d]t d2t x'g]5 .

-v_ lh=lj=;=sf] cfo>f]t /fhZj ;+sng k|:tfj sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu lh=lj=;=n] vf]nfx?sf] v08–

v08df 3f6x? tf]sL 7]Ssfjf6 k|:tfj sfof{Gjog ubf{ lh=lj=;=sf] /fhZj ;+sngsf] bfo/f cln km/flsnf] x'g]5 . vf]nfdf v]/ hfg]] ;fdu|Lsf] ;lx tl/sfn] ;b'kof]u x'g uO{ o;sf] laqmL lat/0faf6 :yfgLo :t/df 7"nf] kl/df0fdf /fh:j ;+sng

39

s'=g=kf=–@ cdf{bL a:g] @% jlif{o u+uf g]kfnL elG5g\– æd]/f # j6f 5f]/Lx? 5g\ . klt gf/fo0f g]kfnLn] 5ds]{ ;fx'sf] 6\ofS6/ rnfpF5g . d}n] afn'jf, /f]8f, rf]Ss/ lemS5' . ! 6\ofS6/ lemSg # lbg nfU5 . ! 6\ofS6/ rf]Ss/sf] ? !%)).–

d[To" eof] . d]/f] 3/ hUuf s]lx klg 5}g . d}n] rf]Ss/ @ lbgdf ! 6\ofS6/ lemS5' . ! 6\ofS6/ rf]Ss/sf] ? !%)).– kb{5 . cfwf 7]s]bf/nfO{ lbg' kb{5, cfwf d}n] kfpF5' . 9'Ëf ! 6\ofS6/ lems]sf] ? !@)).– kb{5 . o;}af6 g} xfd|f] u'hf/f rn]sf] 5 .Æ

ç>L blIf0ffdsfnL qm;/ pBf]u Joj;flo laKna xdfnsf] egfO{ o:tf] 5– g]kfn ;/sf/sf ljleGg lg0f{o, s]lGb|o cg'udg tyf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ldlt @)&#.)@.!@ sf] lg=g+= ^ df gbLhGo kbfy{sf] pTvgg\sf] nflu r'/] >[+vnf tyf ;+a]bglzn If]q jfx]s cGo If]qx?df :sfe]6/ 8f]h/ h:tf d]lzg k|of]u ug{ /f]s gnufpg] lg0f{o ePsf] x'Fbf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, kj{tn] cfkm\gf] If]qflwsf/ leqsf ;+a]bglzn gePsf au/x?df 8f]h/ h:tf d]lzg k|of]u u/L pTvgg\ ubf{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;d]t cfo cfh{g a[l4 x'G5 . cfhsf] a}1flgs o'udf a]Nrfn] p7fO{ cUnf l6k/df nf]8 cgnf]8 ug{ klg ;lsb}g . cfO O O sf] k|ltj]bgdf ;d]t o;nfO{ ;d]6\g' kb{5 . sfnLu08sL gbLsf au/df gbLhGo kbfy{ p7fpFbf o;n] s'g} klg ;d:of

mailto:!@)).%E2%80%93


x'g]5 . h;af6 ;+slnt /sd lh=lj=;=n] :yfgLo:t/nfO{ 6]jf k'Ug] lqmofsnfksf] nflu vr{ ug{ ;Sg]5, h;n] /fli6«o cy{tGqdf ;d]t ;sf/fTds k|efa kfg{] b]lvG5 . of] k|efj k|ToIf, pRr, /fli6«o / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg]5, To;}n] k|efj d"NofÍg ubf{ of] k|efj clt dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 .

-u_ ljsf; lgdf{0f ;fdfu|Lsf] pknJwtf :yfgLo If]qdf /x]sf 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf h:tf k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t

pBf]ux?nfO{ cfaZos kg{] sRrf kbfy{sf] ;/n tl/sfn] cfk"lt{ ug{ o; of]hgfn] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 ;fy} :yfgLo:t/ tyf afXo cfjZos kg]{ lgdf{0fsf ;fdu|Lx? -9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb_ ;d]t pknAw x'g] x'Fbf zx/Ls/0fdf ;d]t d2t x'g]5 . of] k|efj k|ToIf, pRr, :yfgLo / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg]5 To;}n] k|efj d"NofÍg ubf{ of] k|efj dWod?kdf dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 .

-3_ clgoldttf 36\g] k|:tfasf] sfof{Gjog ug{] l;nl;nfdf sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgoldt ;

+nUgtf /xg] x'gfn] ;+sng sfo{sf] lgoldt cg'udg x'g hfg] / sdL sdhf]/Lsf] ;dodf g} ;dLIff u/L ;ts{tf ckgfpg ;lsg] ePsf]n] >f]t pTvgg\\ If]q j/k/ clgoldttf sd x'g] b]lvG5 . 9'+'uf, lu§L, jfn'jf h:tf >f]tsf] lbuf] Aoa:yfkg sfo{n] :yfgLo:t/df hgr]tgf clea[l4 x'g u} >f]tsf] unt tyf clgoldt ;+sngdf lgoGq0f cfpg] 5 . of] k|efj ck|ToIf, lgDg, :yfg ljz]if / dWod ;do;Dd /xg]5 . To;}n] k|efj d"NofÍg ubf{ o;sf] k|efj sd kg]{5 .

-ª_ v]tLof]Uo hdLg Pj+ s[ifLhGo ;fdfu|Lvf]nfx?jf6 j}1flgs tl/sfn] 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb ;+sng

ubf{ >f]t glhs /x]sf v]tLof]Uo hdLg Pj+ s[ifLhGo ;fdfu|Ldf cJojl:yt tl/sfn] ;+sng ubf{ glbsf] jxfj kl/jt{g eO{ jiff{ofddf cfpg] jfl9jf6 jRg]5 . of] k|efj ck|ToIf, dWod, :yfgLo / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg]5 . To;}n] k|efj d"NofÍg ubf{ of] k|efj dWod?kdf dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 .

-r_ wfld{s ;f+:s[lts Pj+ P]ltxfl;s :yn

40


;dfhsf] cfly{s pGgltaf6 dflg;x?sf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ eO{ To;af6 ;dfhsf] ;f+:s[lts lasf;df ;d]t of]ubfg k'Ub5 . k|:tfasf] sfof{Gjog x'Fbf laleGg lsl;dsf /f]huf/Lsf ca;/x? >[hgf x'g] ePsfn] u/La hgtfsf] cfly{s l:yltdf ;'wf/ cfP/ pgLx?sf] ;fdflhs ;+:sf/ h:t} l/tLl/jfhsf] kfngf, lzIff, :jf:Yo, wfld{s sfo{ tyf ;fdflhs ;'wf/sf sfo{df ;xefuLtf a[l4 x'g hfG5 . ;fy} aflx/af6 a;fO{–;/fO{ u/L dflg;x? ;+sng / pTvgg\\ ug{ gcfpg] x'gfn] :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?sf] ;:s[ltdf s'g} c;/ kg]{ b]lvb}g\ . of] k|efj ck|ToIf, dWod, :yfgLo / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg]5 . To;}n] k|efj d"NofÍg ubf{ of] k|efj dWod?kdf dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 .

&=@=$ h}ljs jftfj/0f &=@=$=! ;|f]tsf] a}1flgs tyf lbuf] Aoa:yfkg x'g]

k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|lta]bgsf] l:js[lt nuQ} Aoa:yfkg sfo{ of]hgf nfu" ul/g] ePsf]n] o;sf] ;sf/fTds kIf eg]sf] a}1flgs Aoa:yfkg xf] . o;af6 x}l;ot klxrfg, aflif{s ;+sng ug{ ;lsg] kl/df0fsf] lgwf{/0f, ;+sng lalw cflb ;a} s'/fx? a:t'ut?kdf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] x'Fbf a}1flgs t/Lsfn] Aoa:yfkg x'G5 . of] k|efj k|ToIf, pRr, If]qLo / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg]5, To;}n] k|efj d"NofÍg ubf{ of] k|efj clt dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 .

&=# k|:tfa sfof{Gjoaf6 kg{] k|lts"n k|efax? &=#=! ef}lts jftfj/0f -s_ e" pkof]udf kg]{ k|efj

9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf cflb ;+sng sfo{ gxF'bf gbLsf] ;tx -j]8 n]en_ j9\g uO{ jiff{tsf] ;dodf vf]nfdf cfpg] jf9Lsf sf/0f kfgL gbLjf6 jflx/L j:tL tyf v]tL ul/Psf] j/k/sf] If]qdf hfg ;Sg5 h;sf sf/0f hldg 8'jfgdf k5{ . of] k|efj ck|ToIf, dWod, :yfgLo / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg]5 To;}n] k|efj d"NofÍg ubf{ of] k|efj dWod ?kdf dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 .

-v_ gbL lsgf/ s6fg

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9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jfsf] hyfeflj tyf l8kf]lh6 ePsf] kl/df0feGbf j9L ;+sng÷pTvgg\\ ugf{n] gbLn] cfkm\gf] k|fs[lts wf/ kl/jt{g u/L lsgf/ s6fg tyf gbL lsgf/df /x]sf j:tLx?df k|efj kg{ ;S5 . of] k|efj ck|ToIf, dWod, :yfgLo / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg]5 . To;}n] k|efj d"NofÍg ubf{ of] k|efj dWod ?kdf dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 .

-u_ ef}lts ;+/rgfdf x'g] c;/ gbL vf]nfx?df ag]sf ef}lts ;+/rgfx? h:t} k'n glhs ;+sng sfo{ ul/Pdf oL ;+/rgfsf] hu (Foundation) df k|ToIf ?kn] c;/ ub{5 . To;}n] ef}lts ;/rgfx? -k"n, afFw,cflb_ sf] tndfly b'a} tkm{ slDtdf @)) dL6/sf] b"/Ldf ;+sng sfo{ k"0f{ ?kn] lgif]lwt ul/g' kb{5 . of] k|efj ck|ToIf, pRr, :yfg ljz]if / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg]5 . To;}n] k|efj d"NofÍg ubf{ of] k|efj dWod ?kdf dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 .

-3_ jfo" -w"jf, w"nf]_ WjgL k|b"if0f 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb ;+sng tyf lgsf;L ul/bf jg If]q, gbLsf] lsgf/ / ;8ssf] 5]p5fpdf w"jf / w"nf]sf] dfqf s]xL xb;Dd a9g hfg] x'G5 . ;jf/L ;fwgsf] cfjfudgn] WjgL k|b"if0f k'Ug ;S5 . of] k|efj k|ToIf, dWod, :yfgLo / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg]5 . To;}n] k|efj d"NofÍg ubf{ of] k|efj dWod?kdf dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 .

&=#=@ ;fdflhs cfly{s Pj+ ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0f -s_ k]zfut :jf:Yo Pj+ ;'/Iff

9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jfsf] ;+sng ubf{ ljleGg k|s[ltsf cf}hf/x?sf] k|of]un] sfdbf/x?nfO{ rf]6k6s nfUg ;S5 . To;} ul/ 9'Ëf lu6[L pl5l6[P/ klg lhpdf rf]6 nfUg ;S5 . w'nf]sf] sf/0fn] :jf;–k|:jf; / cf+vf lrnfpg] h:tf :jf:Yo ;dlGw ;d:of b]vf kg{ ;S5g\ . 9'jfgL ;fwgx?sf] cfjthfjtn] cfsl:ds b'3{6gfsf] ;+efjgf klg Tolts} /xG5 . of] k|efj ck|ToIf, dWod, :yfg ljz]if / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg]5 To;}n] k|efj d"NofÍg ubf{ o;sf] sd k|efj kg]{5 .

-v_ hg;+Vof lj:yfkg k/Dk/fut ?kdf df5f dfb}{ lhljsf]kfh{g ub}{ cfPsf ;d'bfo cGo JolQmx?jf6 vf]nfdf df5f dfg{sf] nflu uf]nf, jf?b, s/]G6sf] k|of]u

42


ugf{n] df5fx? nf]k x'Fb} uPsf] / sd dfqfdf pknJw ePsf] dfemLx?sf] oyfy{tf 5 . obL lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] o; sfo{nfO{ jGb]h nufO{ hfnL / jN5L k|of]u ul/ df5f dfg]{ k|ljlwnfO{ pT;flxt gu/] :yfgLo dfemLx?nfO{ lj:yflkt x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . of] k|efj ck|ToIf, dWod, :yfgLo / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg]5 To;}n] k|efj d"NofÍg ubf{ of] k|efj dWod?kdf dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 .

-u_ wfld{s ;f+:s[lts Pj+ P]ltxfl;s :yn

sfdbf/x?sf] rfk, cfjthfjt / x]nd]nn] :yfgLo jfl;Gbfsf] wd{, ;+:s[lt tyf k/Dk/fdf cf+r cfpg ;S5 . oBlk :yfgLo JolQmx?sf] g} ;+sng sfo{df ;+nUgtf x'g] ePsf]n] l/tLl/jfh nufotsf cf:yf / k/Dk/fdf s'g} cfFr gcfpg ;S5 . tyfkL cNksfnLg ?kdf s]xL la;+ultx? eg] lelqg ;Sb5g\ . of] k|efj ck|ToIf, dWod, :yfgLo / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg]5 To;}n] k|efj d"NofÍg ubf{ of] k|efj dWod ?kdf dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 .

&=#=# h}ljs jftfj/0f -s_ df5f Pj+ cGo hnr/df kg]{ k|efj

kfgLsf] jxfj e}/x]sf] tyf kfgLsf] jxfjsf] j/k/sf] If]qdf ljlEfGg k|sf/sf k/lhlj, df5f, ls/f km6\of+u|f / cGo hnr/ k|fl0fx? gbLn] jufO{ NofPsf] sf7, n]p, j/k/sf ?v lj?jfx?df cf>o lnO j:g] x'gfn] o:tf If]qjf6 x'g] sf7kft tyf 9'Ëf, lu§L tyf jfn'jf ;+sng tyf pTvgg\ sfo{jf6 o:tf lhjf0f'x?sf] jf;:yfg tyf k|hgg ug]{ jftfj/0fdf k|lts'nf c;/ kg{ hfg] x'G5 . of] k|efj ck|ToIf, pRr, :yfgLo / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg]5 To;}n] k|efj d"NofÍg ubf{ of] k|efj dWod ?kdf dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 .

-v_ jGohGt' Pj+ jgk}bfj/sf] u}/sfg'gL Jofkf/ 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb ;+sngdf ;+nUg sfdbf/x?n] ca}w?kn] jg If]qsf] jl/kl/ kfO{g] hLj–hGt'x? -df5f, r/fr'?ËL, 3;|g] / ;–;fgf :tgwf/L hgfj/x? cflb_ lzsf/ ug{;Sg] ePsf]n] ;f] u}/ sfg'gL sfo{ u/]df x'g;Sg] sfjf{xLsf] af/]df ;'?d} ;r]t u/fO{g]5 . of] k|efj ck|ToIf, dWod, :yfg ljz]if / nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg]5 To;}n] k|efj d"NofÍg ubf{ of] k|efj dWod ?kdf dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 .

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&=#=$ /;folgs jftfj/0f

9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf ;+sng sfo{ / gbL vf]nfx?sf] lz/tkm{ / gbL vf]nfx?n] cf]u6]sf] If]qdf s'g} klg /;olgs tTjx? xfn;Dd gb]lvPsf]n] /f;olgs k|efj kg]{ _&=$ jftfa/0fLo k|efasf] klxrfg / Go'gLs/0fsf pkfox?

>f]t -9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf_ cflbsf] ;+sng sfo{af6 jftfj/0fdf slt c;/ kb{5 eGg]s'/f slt If]qaf6 slt kl/df0f / s'g lalw4f/f ;+sng ul/g] xf] To;df e/ kb{5 . lxdfnL / dxfef/t >[vnfaf6 pTklQ ePsf gbL vf]nfx?n] ;dy/ If]qdf k|a]z ubf{ gbLsf] a]u qmlds ?kn] 36b}hfFbf ;dyn e"lddf 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb y'kfg]{ u/]sf] kfO{G5 . clgolGqt tl/sfn] dflyNnf] If]qaf6 aufO{ ;dyn If]qdf 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb y'kfl/b} hfFbf hdLgsf] ;txeGbf vf]nfsf] ;tx j9\g klg ;S5 5 . ;fy} Psftkm{ a9L dfqfdf 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb hDdf x'bf gbLn] cfˆg]f af6f] kl/jt{g ul/ lsgf/ftkm{ nlu Iflt k'¥ofPsf] klg b]lvG5 . o;} k|sf/n] ef}lts ;+/rgf - laz]if u/L k'n, afFw cflb_ d'lgsf] ;tx a[l4 e} af9Ln] aufO{ NofPsf] sf7, bfp/f k'ndf hDdfe} af9Lsf] kfgL k'n;Dd÷k'ndfly klg k'uL k'nnfO{ ;d]t Iflt k'¥ofpg] ;d:of b]lvb} cfPsf] 5 . olb kof{Kt dfqfdf y'kfl/Psf] 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb ;+sng gul/Pdf gbLsf] ;tx a[l4e} aiff{sf] kfgL ufpx?sf ;fy} s[lif If]qdf ;d]t k|j]z ul/ s[lifafnLsf] ;fy} s[lifof]Uo hUufnfO{ ;d]t xfgL ub{5 . k|:tfa sfof{Gjog ubf{ gbLn] jif]{gL aufO{ Nofpg] 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb k}bfaf/x?sf] ;+sng / 9'jfgL sfo{ ul/g] 5 . oL sfo{x?af6 jg If]q tyf :yfgLo ;8sx?df kg{] pNn]vlgo cg's"n / k|lts"n k|efax?sf] la:t[t n]vfhf]vf ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf k|efax?nfO{ kl/df0f, l;df / cawLsf] cfwf/df pRr dWod / Go"g ;"rsx?sf] cfwf/df gDa/Lª u/L To;sf] laZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . k|:tfa sfof{Gjog ubf{ ;sf/fTds k|efax?nfO{ clwstd / gsf/fTds k|efax?nfO{ Go"g ug{] pkfox?sf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

k|:tfa sfof{Gjog ubf{ o;af6 x'g ;Sg] ;sf/fTds k|efanfO{ clwstd ug{ tyf gsf/fTds k|efanfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ To:tf pkfox?sf] klxrfg

44


u/L ltgLx?sf] k|efasf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfaZos dfgjLo >f]t / ah]6 ;d]tsf] Aoa:yf ug{ o; k|lta]bdf l;kmf/L; ul/Psf] 5 .

45


cWofo cf7M k|efa j9f]QLs/0f Pa+ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ pkfox?

vf]nfx?af6 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf ;+sng tyf pTvgg\ sfo{sf nflu k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k|:tfj sfof{Gjogjf6 jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] k|efjx? lg/fs/0f ug{ j}1flgs tl/sfn] pTvgg\\ tyf ;+sng ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cl3 ;fg]{5 . cg'dflgt ul/Psf jftfj/0fLo k|efjx? k|:tfljt lg/fs/0fsf pkfox?sf] cg'z/0f ul/Pdf cjZo k|efj Go"gLs/0f x'g]5 . lo pkfox? cg'z/0f ul/P klg s]lx dfqfdf k|efjx? kg{ ;S5 t/ Tof] s]jn kl/lw leq dfq /xg]5 . k|:tfj sfof{Gjogdf k|efjx? ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds b'j} x'g ;S5g\ . To;sf/0f o; k|ltj]bgdf ;sf/fTds k|efjnfO{ j9f]QLs/0f ug]{ / gsf/fTds k|efjx?nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ pkfox? pNn]v ul/g] 5, h;n] k|:tfj sfof{Gjogjf6 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / :yfgLo hgtfn] w]/} eGbf w]/} kmfObf dxz'; ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

*=! cg's"n k|efanfO{ clwstd\ ug{] pkfox?*=!=! ef}lts jftfj/0f -s_ e"–pkof]udf kg]{ k|efj

>f]t ;+sng ul/g] If]qsf] jl/kl/ h] hlt dfqfdf vfnL÷gfËf] hldg /x]sf] 5, ;f] :yfgdf a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ . glbsf] ;txeGbf ulx/f];Dd pRrf efujf6 pTvgg\\ ug{ /f]s nufpg], h;n] ubf{ 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf laqmLsf cltl/Qm glbsf] ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g / gbL ulxl/g] ;d:of sd x'g] / gbLjf6 lnO{b} cfPsf kmfObfx? h:t} l;FrfO{df c;/ kg]{ 5}g .

*=!=@= ;fdflhs, cfly{s Pj+ ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0f -s_ cfo>f]t / hg;xefuLtfdf j[l4

:yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ k|ToIf /f]huf/Lsf] ca;/x?jf6 cfh{g ul/Psf] /sd sfdbf/x?n] k};fsf] ;lx ;b'kof]u u/fpgsf] nflu pgLx?nfO{ ljleGg lsl;dsf ;d"xdf cfj4 u/fpg] / vr{ jrt ug]{ jfgLsf] ljsf; ug{ ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf dfWod;Fu kl/lrt u/fpg] 5 . :yfgLo :t/df j9\b} u/]sf] ahf/sf] lasf;sf] lgodg ug{ kxn ul/g]5 .

46


-v_ /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ :yfgLo:t/sf] sfdbf/x?nfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ ldNg]5 t/ pQm sfo{df ljz]if ul/ ul/j, jl~rtLdf k/]sf dlxnfx?nfO{ cj;/ lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;n] Ps k|sf/n] dlxnf / k'?if jLrsf] >d ljefhgdf lje]b ug]{ k|0ffnLnfO{ lg?T;flxt kfb{5 .

-u_ ;8s ;~hfn k|:tfj sfof{Gjog x'g] :yfg glhs} s'g} /fli6«o :t/sf] kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ePsf] cj:yfdf p;nfO{ sRrf ;fd|uLx? 9'jfgLsf] nflu gofF 6«ofs vf]Ng] / eO/x]sf] jf6f]sf] :t/pGgtL ug]{ / of]hgf ;~rfng x'Fbf;Dd dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ Joj:yf lh=lj=;=n] nfu" ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;n] ubf{ lhNnfsf] ;8s ;~hfn lj:tf/df 6]jf k'Ub5 .

-3_ lh=lj=;=sf] cfo>f]t /fhZj ;+sng vf]nfx?af6 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf ;+sng tyf pTvgg\ sfo{sf nflu k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg lh=lj=;=n] vf]nfx?sf] v08–v08df 3f6x? tf]sL 7]Ssfjf6 k|:tfj sfof{Gjog ubf{ lh=lj=;=sf] /fhZj ;+sngsf] bfo/f cln km/flsnf] x'g]5 . vf]nfdf v]/ hfg]] ;fdu|Lsf] ;lx tl/sfn] ;b'kof]u x'g uO{ o;sf] laqmL lat/0faf6 :yfgLo :t/df 7"nf] kl/df0fdf /fh:j ;+sng x'g]5 . h;af6 ;+slnt /sd lh=lj=;=n] :yfgLo :t/nfO{ 6]jf k'Ug] lqmofsnfksf] nflu vr{ ug{ ;Sg]5, h;n] /fli6«o cy{tGqdf ;d]t ;sf/fTds k|efa kfg{]5 / lh=lj=;=n] tf]s]sf] dfkb08, Ifdtf leq /x]/ ;+sng ubf{ >f]tsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg x'g]5 .

-ª_ ljsf; lgdf{0f ;fdfu|Lsf] pknJwtf :yfgLo If]qdf /x]sf 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jfx?sf] ;+sng ug]{ / :yfgLo ;d'bfox?sf] ;fem]bf/Ldf ;fgf qm;/ d]lzg ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg] zx/Ls/0fdf ;d]t d2t k'Ug]5 .

-r_ ;|f]tsf] a}1flgs tyf lbuf] Aoa:yfkgtf]lsPsf If]qaf6 dfq >f]tsf] ;+sng ul/g] 5 . o;sf ;fy} sfdbf/x?nfO{ tflnd, k|rf/ k|;f/ u/fO{ ;+sng tyf sd Ifltsf] nflu plrt ;+sng ;dosf] lgwf{/0f cflb sfo{x?n] >f]tsf] ;lx ;b'kof]u x'g] b]lvG5 .

47


*=@ k|:tfa sfof{Gjoaf6 kg{] k|lts'n k|efax?sf] Go'lgs/0fsf pkfox?*=@=! ef}lts jftfj/0f -s_ e"–pkof]udf kg]{ k|efj

jiff{tsf] ;dodf vf]nfdf cfpg] jf9Lsf sf/0f kfgL gbLjf6 jflx/L j:tL tyf v]tL ul/Psf] j/k/sf] If]qdf hfg ;Sg] ePsfn] 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb ;+sng sfo{n] Flood plain jf6 dfq kl/df0f lgsflng] Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 . h;n] ubf{ jf9L Pj+ cGo hn pTkGg k|sf]ksf] IftLjf6 jRg ;lsg] 5 . T;;sf nflu lgDg jdf]lhdsf lqmofsnfk ul/g] 5 . glbsf] kfgL ;txb]lv b'j} lsgf/sf] slDtdf !) ld6/ 5f8]/ dfq ;+sng

tyf pTvgg\\ sfo{ ug]{, jiff{tsf] ;do -c;f/, ;fpg / ebf}_ df gbLdf jf9L cfpg] x'Fbf pko'St

ljlw dfkm{t tyf lh=c=;=; sf] lg0f{o jdf]lhd ;+sng sfo{ ug]{, lglZrt dfqfdf sfdbf/ nufO{g] / ltgLx?nfO{ cled'vLs/0f tflndsf]

Aoa:yf ug]{, s]6fs]6L tyf czQmnfO{ sfddf gnufO{g], ulN5 lgdf{0f ePdf t'?Gt /f]syfdsf pkfo ul/g]5, klx/f] jf e"–Ifo ePsf :yfgdf t'?Gt} afof]O{lGhlgol/Ë sfo{sf] k|

of]u u/L /f]syfd ug]{ / To:tf :yfgsf af6fx? s]xL nfdf eP klg 3'dfP/ cGoq ;fg]{,

;+sng sfo{ ubf{ gbLsf] axfjnfO{ jLrdf s]lGb|t x'g] u/L ug]{, gbLnfO{ l;wf /]vfdf axg] u/L ;+sng sfo{ ug]{, 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb 9'jfgL ug]{ ;8sx?nfO{ dd{t ;'wf/

ug{ jh]6 ljlgof]hg ug]{, 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb ;+sng ubf{ tNnf] axfadf c;/ kg{ uPdf

To;nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ul/g] sfo{÷Iflt k'lt{sf nflu lh=lj=;=n] cfjZos jh]6sf] Aoj:yf ug]{,

-v_ ef}lts ;+/rgfdf x'g] c;/

48


ef}lts ;/rgfx?sf] -k"n, afFw cflb_ tndfly b'a} tkm{ slDtdf @)) dL=sf] b"/Ldf ;+sng sfo{ k"0f{?kn] lgif]lwt ul/g]5 . :yfgfGt/0fsf] nflu lh=la=;=sfof{non] tf]s] jdf]lhd -;+sngstf{;Fu 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ;dfj]z ug]{_ ;8sx?af6 dfq 9'jfgL ul/g]5 . ;+slnt 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb lhNnfsf] :yfgLo lasf; sfo{df k|of]u ul/g] x'Fbf 9'jfgLaf6 x'g] ;8ssf] Ifltsf] dd{t tyf ;+ef/ sfo{sf nflu lh=lj=;=kj{tn] cfjZos jh]6 ljlgof]hg u/L ;DalGwt uf=lj=;=df jh]6 lalgof]hg ug]{5 . o:t} gbLsf] lsgf/df ag]sf d7, dlGb/x? glhs klg ;+sng sfo{nfO{ lg?T;flxt u/L tf]lsPsf] If]qjf6 dfq ;+sng ul/g]5 .

-u_ jfo" -wF"jf, w"nf]_ WjgL k|b"if0f 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb ;+sng tyf lgsf;L ul/bf jg If]q, gbLsf] lsgf/ / ;8ssf] 5]p5fpdf w"jf / w"nf]sf] dfqf s]xL xb;Dd a9\g] / ;jf/L ;fwgsf] cfjfudgn] WjgL k|b"if0f x'g ;S5 . To;}n] 9'jfgLsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g] ;fwgx? -6«ofS6/, ldgL 6«s, 6«s_ k|b'if0f dfkb08 leqsf oftfoftnfO{ dfq cg'dlt lbOg] 5 . 9'jfgL ubf{ k|of]u ug]{ sRrL af6f] oyfzSo b}lgs?kdf kfgLn] lehfpg], ;s];Dd xg{ gahfpg] / 9'jfgL ubf{ k}bfjf/x?nfO{ k"0f{?kn] lqkfnn] 5f]k]/ dfq 9'jfgL ug{ lgb]{zg lbOg]5 . afo'd08ndf w"nf]sf] dfqfnfO{ sd u/fpg xfjf grn]sf] a]nfdf dfq ;+sng Pa+ nf]8 ug{ lgb]{zg lbOg]5 .

*=@=@= ;fdflhs cfly{s Pj+ ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0f -s_ k]zfut :jf:Yo Pj+ ;'/Iff

9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jfsf] ;+sng ubf{ ljleGg k|s[ltsf cf}hf/x?sf] k|of]un] sfdbf/x?nfO{ rf]6k6s nfUg ;S5 . To;}n] rf]6 k6s / w'nf]sf] sf/0fn] :jf:Yodf x'g] k|lts"n c;/ Go"gLs/0f ug{ sfdbf/x?nfO{ :jf:Yo tyf ;'/Iffsf cfwf/e"t tflnd, ;'/Iff ;fdu|Lx? (Personal Protective

Equipment) h:t}M df:s, j'6, k~hf, x]nd]6 / cf}iflw pkrf/sf] nflu k|fylds pkrf/sf ;fdu|Lx? h:t} l6+r/, cfof]l8g, Jof08]h Kof8, 6]k cflb pknJw u/fpg ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ nufOg]5 .

-v_ hg;+Vof lj:yfkg

49


k/Dk/fut?kdf df5f dfb}{ lhljsf]kfh{g ub}{ cfPsf ;d'bfo cGo JolQmx?jf6 vf]nfdf df5f dfg{sf] nflu uf]nf, af?b, s/]G6sf] k|of]u ugf{n] df5fx? nf]k x'Fb} uPsf] / sd dfqfdf pknJw ePsf sf/0f lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] o:tf sfo{nfO{ jGb]h nufpg], To:tf sfo{ u/]sf] yfxf kfPdf hl/jfgf / ;hfo ug]{ / hfnL, jN5L k|of]u u/L df5f dfg]{ k|ljlwnfO{ dfq tf]lsP jdf]lhd cg'dlt lbOg]5 .

-u_ wfld{s ;f+:s[lts Pj+ P]ltxfl;s :yn sfdbf/x?sf] rfk, cfjthfjt / x]nd]nn] :yfgLo jfl;Gbfsf] wd{, ;+:s[lt tyf k/Dk/fdf cfFr cfpg ;S5 . oBlk :yfgLo JolQmx?sf] g} ;+sng sfo{df ;+nUgtf x'g] ePsf]n] l/tLl/jfh nufotsf cf:yf / k/Dk/fdf s'g} cfFr gcfpg ;S5 . tyfkL cNksfnLg?kdf s]xL la;+ultx? eg] lelqg ;Sb5g\ . o:tf s[ofsnfkx? gxf];\ eGgsf nflu lgDg pkfox? ckgfO{g] 5 .

kj{t lhNnfsf] If]q leq glb lsgf/sf] Hofb} glhs} d7, dlGb/, dl:hb cflb gePtf ;Dkbfx?sf jf/]df sfdbf/x?nfO{ ;r]t u/fO{g] 5 .

>f]t ;+sng sfo{df ;+nUg sfdbf/nfO{ ;r]t u/fpFbf u}/ sfg'gL sfo{ u/]df x'g ;Sg] ;hfosf] af/]df ;d]t ;r]t u/fOg] 5 .

gbLsf] j/k/ j:tL lj:tf/ Pj+ gbL cltqmd0f /f]lsg]5 . gbLsf] j/k/ v]tLof]Uo hdLg ePsf JolQmx?n] z"Ns lnP/ 9'Ëf,

lu§L / jfn'jf j]Rg] sfdnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] 9'Ëf, lu§L / jfn'jfsf] j}1flgs / lbuf] pTvgg\\ ;DaGwL cled"vLs/0f sfo{qmd ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]5 .

c;'nL ug]{ xs :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gn] lbPsf] x'Fbf pTvgg\\ sfo{nfO{ ljjfb /lxt jgfpg / bf]xf]/f] /sd c;'nL gug{ ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ cled"vLs/0f ul/g]5 .

*=@=#= h}ljs jftfj/0f -s_ df5f Pj+ cGo hnr/df kg]{ k|efj

kfgLsf] jxfj;Fu} jxFb} cfPsf ljleGg k|sf/sf k/lhjL, df5f, ls/f km6\of+u|f / cGo hnr/ k|f0fLx?sf] jf;:yfg jl/k/Lsf 9'Ëf, lu§L tyf jfn'jf ;+sng tyf pTvgg\ sfo{jf6 vnjnL dlRrg] x'gfn] o:tf lhjf0f'x?sf] jf;:yfg ;'/lIft /fVg' kb{5 . df5f dfg{sf] nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn]

50


uf]nf, jf?b, s/]G6sf] k|of]u ug{ jGb]h nufO{ hfnL / jN5L k|of]u u/L df5f dfg]{ k|ljlwnfO{ pT;flxt ul/g]5 .

-v_ jGohGt' Pj+ jgk}bfj/sf] u}/sfg'gL Jofkf/ 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb ;+sngdf ;+nUg sfdbf/x?n] ca}w?kn] jg If]qsf] jl/kl/ kfO{g] hLj–hGt'x? lzsf/ ug{ ;Sg] ePsf]n] ;f] u}/ sfg'gL sfo{ u/]df x'g;Sg] sfjf{xLsf] af/]df z'?d} ;r]t u/fO{g]5 . ;f] r]tfjgL sfo{sf] nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lhNnf jg sfof{no;Fu ;dGjo u/L ;+sng sfo{ z'? x'g' cufj} ;f] u}/ sfg'gL sfo{af6 x'g] kl/0ffdaf/] hfgsf/L lbOg] 5 . u}/ sfg'gL sfo{ x'g gbLg ;do–;dodf cg'udgsf] sfo{ klg ul/g' k5{ . hLj–hGt'x? -laz]if u/L :tgwf/L_ ;fFemsf] ;dodf aflx/ lx88'n ug]{ x'bf ;"of]{bob]lv ;"of{:tsf] ;dodf dfq ;+sng Pj+ 9'jfgL ug]{ Joj:yf nfu" ul/g]5 .

*=# jftfj/0fLo k|efax? / lg/fs/0fsf pkfox? 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn''jf cflb ;+sng sfo{af6 ljleGg If]qdf -h}ljs, ef}lts, /;folgs, cfly{s–;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts_ s:tf] c;/ k5{ egL Matrix

ljlwaf6 jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] k|efjx?sf] k|s[lt, dfqf, ;Ldf / cjlwsf] cfwf/df cg's"n -;sf/fTds_ / k|lts"n -gsf/fTds_ k|efj / To;sf lgsfs/0fsf pkfox? Tfflnsf *=! / tflnsf *=@ Dff ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . /fli6«o jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg lgb]{lzsf @)%) adf]lhd k|efjnfO{ k|s[lt (Nature), dfqf (Magnitude), ;Ldf (Extent), / ;dfofjlw (Duration)

df auL{s/0f ul/P adf]lhd k|s[ltnfO{ k|ToIf (Direct) / ck|ToIf (Indirect), dfqfnfO pRr, dWod / lgDg, ;LdfnfO{ :yfgLo, :yfg ljz]if / If]qLo / cjlwnfO{ lb3{sflng, dWod / cNksflng u/L # efudf ljefhg u/L ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .

51


9'Ëf, lu§L, afn''jf cflb ;+sng tyf pTvgg\\ sfo{jf6 jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] ;+efljt k|efjx? / ;'emfj lbOPsf lg/fs/0fsf pkfox?nfO{ lgDg cg';f/sf] ;dLIff …Dofl6«S;Ú df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf g+= *=!

;sf/fTds k|efax?

;DjlGwt ;sf/fTds c;/x?

k|efjsf] k|sf/

k|efj j9fpg] pkfo

lhDd]jf/L

k|s[lt

Dffqf

l;df cjwL slt dxTjk"0f{

e" pkof]udf kg]{ k|efj,

gbL ulxl/g] ;d:of sd x'g], downstream jf6 ul/b} cfPsf] l;+rfO{df c;/ gkg]{

ck|ToIf

:yfgLo

dWod

nfdf] ;do

dWod?kdf dxTjk"0f{

Vf]fnf 5]psf] vfnL hldgdf j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{, gbLsf] ;tx eGbf ulx/f];Dd pTvgg\\df ug{ /f]s nufpg]

lh=lj;=/ 7]s]bf/

cfo>f]t / hg ;xefuLtfdf j[l4

;xsf/L ;d"xx?sf] ljsf;

k|ToIf

:yfgLo

pRr 5f]6f] ;do

dWod?kdf dxTjk"0f{

:yfgLo :t/df j9\b} u/]sf] ahf/sf] lasf;sf] lgodg ug]{

lh=lj;=/ 7]s]bf/

/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/

dlxnf / k'?if jLrsf] >d ljefhgsf] lje]bdf sdL

k|ToIf

:yfg ljz]if

pRr 5f]6f] ;do

dWod?kdf dxTjk"0f{

ul/j, jl~rtLdf k/]sf dlxnfx? nfO{ cj;/ lbg], ;Lkd"ns tflnd lbg]

lh=lj;=/ 7]s]bf/

jf6f]÷;8s ;~hfn

:yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ cfjt

k|ToIf

:yfgLo

pRr Nffdf] ;do

dWod?kdf

:yfgLo :t/jf6 c;'nL ePsf] /sd k|efljt

lh=lj;=/

40


hfjtdf ;xh, k6s] s/ p7fpg ;Sg]

dxTjk"0f{

If]qsf] jf6f] dd{t ;+Def/df vr{ ug]{

7]s]bf/

lh=lj=;=sf] cfo>f]t÷/fhZj ;+sng

lh=lj=;=nfO{ jh]6df s]xL dfqfdf ef/ sd x'g]

k|ToIf

/fli6«o

pRr Nffdf] ;do

clt dxTjk"0f{

dfkb08, lgb]{zg cg';f/ 7]Ssf lbg] / lgoldt cg'udg ug]{

lh=lj;=/ 7]s]bf/

k|lawL x:tfGt/0f x'g]

Jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] rf;f] j9\g]

ck|ToIf

:yfg ljz]if

dWod

nfdf] ;do

sd k|efj k|efljt If]qsf ;d'bfonfO{ cled'vLs/0f tflnd lbg]

lh=lj;=/ 7]s]bf/

v]tLof]Uo hdLg ;+sng÷pTvgg\ Pj+ s[ifLhGo ;fdfu|L

gbL jxfj kl/jt{gjf6 v]ltof]Uo hldgdf kg{ ;Sg] c;/jf6 hf]lug]

ck|ToIf

:yfgLo

dWod

:yfgLo

Nffdf] ;do dWod?kdf dxTjk"0f{

vf]nfsf] floodplain jf6 dfq ;+sng ug]{ / floodplain / v]tLof]Uo hldgsf] !)–@) ld= b'/L sfod /fVg]

lh=lj;=/ 7]s]bf/

tflnsf g+= *=@

;sf/fTds k|efax?

;DjlGwt ;sf/fTds c;/x?

k|efjsf] k|sf/ k|efj j9fpg] pkfo

lhDd]jf/L k|s[lt Dffq

f;Ldf cjwL stL

dxTjk"0f{

wfld{s÷;f+:s[lts Pj+

ck|ToIf

:yfgLo

:yfgLo

Nffdf] ;do

dWod?kdf

wfld{s÷;f+:s[lts Pj+

lh=lj;=/ 7]s]bf/

41


P]ltxfl;s :yn dxTjk"0f{

P]ltxfl;s :yn jl/kl/jf6 !) ld= ;Dd ;+sng ug{ glbg]

;|f]tsf] a}1flgs tyf lbuf] Aoa:yfkg x'g]

>f]tsf] k|ofKttfdf x|f; cfpg] 5}g

ck|ToIf

pRr If]qLo

Nffdf] ;do

clt dxTjk"0f{

tf]lsPsf If]qaf6 dfq >f]tsf] ;+sng ug]{, sfdbf/x?nfO{ tflnd, k|rf/ k|;f/ u/fO{ ;+sng tyf sd Ifltsf] nflu plrt ;+sng ;dosf] lgwf{/0f ug]{

lh=lj;=/ 7]s]bf/

clgoldttf 36\g]

>f]t ;+/If0f :yfgLo ;d'bfojf6} x'g]

ck|ToIf

lgDg

:yfg ljz]if

dWod ;do

sd k|efj

>f]tsf] lbuf] pTvgg\\ ;DjGwL :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ cled'vLs/0f tflnd lbg]

lh=lj;=/ 7]s]bf/

ljsf; lgdf{0f ;fdfu|Lsf] pknJwtf

Zfx/Ls/0fnfO{ 6]jf k'Ug], :yfgLo ;d'bfosf

k|ToIf pRr :yfgLo

Nffdf] ;do

dWod ?kdf dxTjk"0f{

k|:tfj sfof{Gjog If]q jl/kl/ 7"nf of]hgfx? ;~rfn

lh=lj;=/ 7]s]bf

42


] ;fem]bf/Ldf qm;/ pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg]

gdf eP lh=lj=;=n] g} 5'§} s/ c;'nL ug'{kg]{, x]eL d]l;g k|of]udf /f]s nufpg]

43


cWofo gf} M jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgfjftfj/0f Joj:yfkg of]hgf s'g}klg of]hgf lgdf{0f jf ;~rfng ubf{ o;sf ultljlwx?jf6 jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] c;/÷k|efjx?sf] klxrfg u/L To;nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ul/g] k|:tfljt Plss[t k|of;x?sf] of]hgf xf] . jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg of]hgf ljz]if u/L k|efj d"NofÍg ubf{ clt dxTjk"0f{ k|efjx? egL klxrfg ul/Psf k|efjx?sf] xsdf lgdf{0f ul/g] 5 . cfof]hgf lgdf{0f k"j{, lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng r/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] ljleGg jftfj/0fLo c;/x? tyf tL r/0fx?df Wofg k'¥ofpg' kg]{ jftfj/0fLo ;jfn, cfof]hgf nfej[l4sf pkfox?, gs/fTds k|efj Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox?, To;sf sfof{Gjog tyf jftfj/0fLo cg'udgsf nflu ;+:yfut lhDd]jf/L, jftfj/0fLo ;Da4{g tyf gs/fTds k|efj Go"gLs/0f nfut ;d]t ;dfj]z x'g] u/L jftfj0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . kj{t lhNnf eP/ axg] sfnLu08sL, df]bL, ;]bL, dNofËbL cflb vf]nf, glbx?af6 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf ;+sng tyf pTvgg\\ ug]{ sfo{sf] jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg of]hgfn] Joj:yfkgsf] ;fdfGo wf/0ff cg'z/0f u/]sf] 5 . o; wf/0ffn] of]hgf lgdf{0f, ;fË7lgs ;+/rgf, dfgjLo >f]t, lglZrt lgb]{zg, ;dGjo, k|ltj]bg / jh]6 ljlgof]hgsf] ;ld>0f g} Joj:yfkg of]hgf aG5 . jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgfn] jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf pkfox? pko'Qm?kdf sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5 ls 5}g, o;sf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg ePsf] 5 ls 5}g eGg] s'/fsf] lgb]{z u5{ . o; k|ltj]bgdf k|:tfa sfof{Gjog ubf{ o;af6 x'g ;Sg] ;sf/fTds k|efanfO{ clwstd ug{ tyf gsf/fTds k|efanfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ To:tf pkfox?sf] klxrfg u/L ltgLx?sf] k|efasf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfaZos dfgjLo >f]t / ah]6 ;d]tsf] Aoa:yf ul/Psf] 5 . Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox?sf] Joj:yfkg of]hgfsf sfo{x?df lh=lj=;=, jg sfof{no, uf=lj=;= tyf ;DjlGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;d]tsf] lhDd]jf/L tf]ls Joj:yfkg of]hgf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .

(=! jftfj/0fLo cg'udg jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf nflu k|:tfj ul/Psf s'/fx?sf] sfof{Gjog tyf kfngf eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf / k|efj Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox? cjnDag ul/P

42


gul/Psf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg ug]{ p2]Zon] /fli6«o jftfj/0fLo k|efj d'NofÍg lgb]{lzsf, @)%) / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ n] klg jftfj/0fLo cg'udgnfO{ clgjfo{ u/]sf] 5 / ;f] sfo{sf nflu k|:tfjs g} lhDd]jf/ /xg] pNn]v u/]sf]5 . jftfj/0fd}qL lqmofsnfkx?sf] sfof{Gjogn] dfq jftfj/0fLo k|lts"n k|efjx?nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . cg'udg lgoldt / s8fO{sf ;fy ePg eg] sfof{Gjog kIf lkmtnf] / ck|efjsf/L x'G5 . To;}n] k|:tfjdf pNn]lvt Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox?sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu k|:tfjsn] lgoldt cg'udg ug'{ kb{5 .

(=!=! jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkgsf nflu lhDd]jf/ lgsfox? M -s_ :yfgLo :t/sf ;+3 ;+:yfx?

-!_ u}x| ;/sf/L tyf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfx?

uf=lj=;= tyf ljleGg :yfgLo Snjx?, u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx? cflb ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf ;+sng, 9'jfgL sfo{ / jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf cu'jfsf ?kdf e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sg]5g\ . -@_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt gbL, vf]nfjf6 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf ;+sng÷pTvgg\\ / 9'jfgL ug{ :jLs[t k|bfg ug]{ ;+:yf dWo] Ps lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt xf] . gbL vf]nfjf6 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf ;+sng sfo{sf] sfof{Gjog / cg'udg ug]{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt lhNnf s} ;a}eGbf pRr ;+:yf xf] . 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf ;+sng ;DaGwL of]hgf / gLltx? cfkm\gf] cg"s'n jgfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] clwsf/ If]q leq kb{5 . -#_ lhNnf cg'udg tyf ;dGjo ;ldlt k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf /x]sf] lhNnf cg'udg tyf ;dGjo ;ldltn] gbL vf]nfjf6 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf ;+sng÷pTvgg\ ubf{ kg]{ cg's'n tyf k|lts'n k|efjx?sf] lgoldt cg'udg ug]{5 . o;sf] nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] jh]6 ;d]t lalgof]hg ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . o; ;ldltdf lhNnf l:yt ;/f]sf/jfnf laifout sfof{no tyf laz]if1x? ;d]t

43


/x]sf 5g . h;n] ubf{ cg'udg k|efjsf/L xF'b} cfPsf] b]lvPsfn] k|:t't k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg sfo{of]hgf k|efjsf/L?kdf sfo{Gjog x'g] ;d]t b]lvG5 . -$_ lhNnf jg sfof{no lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] jg If]q leq kg]{ gbL, vf]nfx?jf6 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf ;+sng÷pTvgg\\ sfo{sf] :jLs[t lbg ;Sg] cflwsf/Ls ;+:yf lhNnf jg sfof{no klg xf] . lhNNff leqjf6 axg] vf]nfx?sf] lsgf/jf6, jg If]qleq kg]{ 3f6x?jf6 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf ;+sng sfo{ lhNnf jg sfof{no / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cg'dltdf dfq pTvgg\÷;+sng ug{ kfO{G5 .

v_ s]Gb|Lo :t/sf ;+3 ;+:yfx? -!_ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno

;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno cGtu{t lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt kg]{ x'Fbf s]Gb|Lo:t/sf] cflwsf/Ls ;+:yf eg]sf] ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno xf] . g]kfn ;/sf/sf gLlt lgodx?sf] sfof{Gjog af/]df ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ lgb]{zg lbG5 / To;sf] cg'udg ub{5 .

-@_ jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfno jg hËn If]qleq kg]{ ;j} k|sf/sf gbL vf]nfx? jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfnosf] sfo{If]q leq k5{g / ltgLx?sf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu lhNnf:t/df lhNnf jg sfof{no x'G5 . To;sf/0f gbL vf]nfjf6 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf ;+sng÷pTvgg\\ sfo{df oL b'O{ dGqfnosf] cx+ e"ldsf ePsf] x'gfn] logLx?sf] ;dGjo clt cfjZos x'G5 .

-#_ lj1fg, k|ljlw tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno jftfj/0fLo c;/x? / ltgLx?sf] Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox?sf] ;jfn cfpgf ;fy lj1fg, k|ljlw tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] ;Gbe{ clgjfo{ x'G5 . jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g @)%# / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL @)%$ sf] s]Gb|:t/sf] ;DaGwLt lgsfo eg]sf] jftfj/0f dGqfno xf] . To;}n] k|f/lDes jftfj/0f k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg tof/ ubf{ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g / lgodfjnLnfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ jgfpg' clgjfo{ x'G5 .

44


(=!=@ cg'udg k|ult clen]vLs/0f k|To]s lqmofsnfksf] cg'udg u/]kl5 To;af6 k|fKt ;"rgfx?sf] clen]vLs/0f ug'{kb{5 . cg'udgjf6 k|fKt ;"rgfx?sf] cfwf/df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] eljiosf] of]hgf th'{df ub{5 . ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ kIfx?nfO{ Wofg lb+b} gofF / k|efjsf/L of]hgf th'{df ug{ cg'udg clen]vLs/0faf6 ;"rgfx?n] 7"nf] ;3fp k'¥ofpg] 5g\ . ;fdfGotof k|:tfj sfof{Gjog x'g] cfof]hgfdf cfwf//]vf cg'udg (Baseline Monitoring),

lgodkfng cg'udg (Compliance Monitoring) / k|efj cg'udg (Impact Monitoring)

ul/G5 .

s_ cfwf/ /]vf cg'udg (Baseline Monitoring) cfwf/–/]vf cg'udg cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog eGbf cufl8 ul/g] cg'udg

ljlw xf] . cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog x'g] If]qsf] ljBdfg ef}lts, ;fdflhs–cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts, h}ljs cflb ;"rgfx?sf] clen]vLs/0f ug'{ kb{5 . of] lsl;dsf] cfwf/ /]vfn] kl5 sfof{Gjog x'g] cfof]hgfdf b]vf k/]sf kl/jt{gx? t'ngf ug{ d4t k'Ub5 . o; lhNnfsf] gbL, vf]nfjf6 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf ;+sng÷pTvgg\\ ug]{ If]qsf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k|ltj]bg tof/ ubf{ Ps lsl;dsf] jftfj/0fLo cfwf/ /]vf ljj/0f tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .

v_ lgodkfng cg'udg (Compliance Monitoring) o;df k|:tfjsn] k]z u/]sf] k|:tfj Pj+ df}h'bf P]g lgod cg';f/ jftfj/0fLo k|efjx?sf] Go"gLs/0f sfo{x? eP gePsf] jf/]df cg'udg ul/g] 5 . o; cg'udgdf lgDg sfo{x? kg]{ 5g\ .

9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb ;+sng ug]{ JolQm jf ;+3 ;+:yf, sDkgLx?n] lh=lj=;=;Fu ug]{ ;+sng ;DjGwL ;Demf}tf cg'?k sfo{ eO{/x]sf] jf gePsf] .

;+sngsf] kl/df0f ;Demf}tf cg';f/ eP jf gePsf] . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|lta]bgdf pNn]v ul/Psf cg's"n k|

efjx? a9fpg] sfo{x? tyf k|lts"n k|efj Go"gLs/0f ug]{ pkfox? sfof{Gjog ug{ jh]6 Joa:yf tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog eO{ /x]sf] jf gePsf] .

45


u_ k|efj cg'udg (Impact Monitoring)

h'g;'s} k|:tfj sfof{Gjog ubf{ klg jftfj/0fLo l:yltdf s]xL kl/jt{g x'G5 . k|:tfj sfof{Gjog -Go"gLs/0fsf pkfo sfo{fGjog ;d]t_ n] ef}lts, h}jLs / ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s l:yltdf kfg]{ k|efj d'NofÍg ug{ lgoldt cg'udg ul/G5 . o;af6 k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|lta]bgdf pNn]v ePsf cg's"n k|efjnfO{ a9fpg] / k|lts"n k|efjnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ pkfox? ;~rfngsf] nflu k|efjsf/Ltf hfFr ug{ d2t ldN5 . 9'Ëf, lu6[L, jfn'jfsf] ;+sng÷pTvgg\ sfo{ kZrft To;jf6 pTkGg k|efjx?sf] cWoog b'O{ jif{ leq ul/g]5 . o; cGtu{t lgDg lsl;dsf k|efjx?sf] cg'udg ul/g] 5 . ;txL e"‡Ifo / uN5Lsf] ca:yf . klxrfg jf cfFsng ul/Psf] k|efjsf] jf:tljstfsf] cWoog . jf;:yfg / h}jLs ljljwtfdf k/]sf] k|efj . laleGg k|hftLsf ?v la?jfsf] j[Iff/f]k0fsf] ca:yf . ;fdflhs / cfly{s ca:yfdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g . gbLsf] b'j} lsgf/ tkm{sf ;+/lIft If]q, gbLsf] ;txsf] prfO{,

gbLsf] wf/ axg] If]q . gbL glhs}sf] ef}lts ;+/rgf tndflysf] ;+/lIft If]q, gbLsf] b'j}

lsgf/df sfod ug{' kg]{ ;+/lIft If]qsf] cWoog . (=@ cg'udg tyf jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf / ;do tflnsf

k|:tfj sfof{Gjog kl5 o;sf k|lts"n k|efj Go"gLs/0f ug{ / cg's"n k|efjnfO{ clwstd ug{sf nflu :yfg, ;do / sfo{qmdsf] ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;fF:s[lts jftfj/0fsf k|efjsf] ;"rs lgwf{/0f u/L Go"gtd dlxgf dlxgf / aflif{s ?kn] jftfj/0fLo cg'udgsf] Joa:yf ul/Psf] 5 . cg'udg sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog ;DjGwL ljj/0f lgDg adf]lhd tflnsfDff k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

46


qm=;

cg'udgsf] k|sf/

ljifo j:t' ;'rs tl/sf÷ljlw ;do tflnsf

lhDd]jf/L

! cfwf/ /]vf cg'udg

vf]nfsf] lsgf/sf] cj:yf gbL, vf]nf lsgf/sf] pTvgg\\ :yfgx?

:ynut lgl/If0f k|To]s # dlxgfdf

lh=lj=;= ÷ lh=c=;=;

Vff]nfsf] le/sf] cj:yf gbLsf] wf/ kl/jt{g :ynut lg/LIf0f, :yfgLojf;L;Fu 5nkmn

k|To]s ^ dlxgfdf

lh=lj=;=÷ lh=c=;=;

@

lgodkfngf

cg'udg

l;kmfl/; ul/Psf Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{ eP gePsf]

pTvgg\\ sfo{ tf]lsPsf] :yfg, dfkb08 / dfqfdf ;+sng u/]sf] x]g]{

:ynut lgl/If0f k|To]s @ dlxgfdf

lh=lj=;=÷7]s]bf/

;+sng ;DjGwL tflnd eP jf gePsf]

;+sng ;DjGwL tl/sf x]g]{

:ynut lgl/If0f Jfflif{s lh=lj=;=÷7]=

;+sng O{hfht cg';f/ eP gePsf], sfd eP gePsf],

kl/ro kq, rnfgL k"lh{ cflb

:ynut lgl/If0f / rnfgL k"lh{ cflb

Jfflif{s lh=lj=;=÷7]=

hgr]tgf clea[l4 sfo{ eP gePsf]

:yfgLo hgtfx?df ePsf] hfgsf/L

5nkmn Jfflif{s lh=lj=;=÷7]=

;'/Iff, :jf:Yo l:ytL cfw'lgs cf}hf/sf] k|of]u, lj/fdL /]s8{ / ;f]wk'5

:ynut lgl/If0f ^.^ dlxgfdf

lh=lj=;=÷7]s]bf/

tf]lsPsf] kl/df0f jf a9L ;+sng u/]sf] jf gu/]sf]

;+sng tyf pTvgg\ ePsf] k}bfjf/sf]

;+slnt >f]t hf+r / :ynut lgl/If0f

k|To]s dlxgfdf

lh=lj=;=÷7]s]

46

tflnsf g+= (=@ cg'udg tyf jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg


lgl/If0f bf/ ;+j]bglzn :yfgdf ;+sng sfo{ eP gePsf]

;+j]bgzLn If]qsf] ljj/0f

:ynut lgl/If0f ^.^ dlxgfdf

lh=lj=;=÷7]s]bf/

e" ;+/If0f sfo{ u/] gu/]sf] uN5L lgdf{0f, 5]sjfFw, af6f]

:ynut lgl/If0f k|To]s @ dlxgf

lh=lj=;=÷ lh=c=;=;

# k|efj cg'udg

gbL lsgf/sf] ;+/lIft If]q, ef}lts ;+/rgf tndflysf] If]q, gbLsf] axfj cflb

ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] ;+/If0f e P gePsf]

:ynut lgl/If0f k|To]s @ dlxgf

lh=lj=;= ÷ lh=c=;=;

;+sng ug]{ tl/sf tyf 9'jfgLdf k|of]u x'g] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] hfFr

jfo', w'jf, WjgLsf] k|b'if0f

:ynut lgl/If0f, :yfgLo dflg;;Fu ;f]wk'5

k|To]s ^ dlxgf

lh=lj=;= ÷ lh=c=;=;

hGt', hgfj/sf kb lrGx h}ljs ljljwtf tyf af;:yfgdf c;/ k/] gk/]sf]

:ynut lgl/If0f / u0fgf Jfflif{s lh=lj=;= ÷ lh=c=;=;

;fdflhs, cfly{s / ;f+:s[lts ;j]{If0f

3/w'/L / hg;+Vof ljj/0f

lk= cf/= P= aflif{s lh=lj=;= ÷ lh=c=;=;

jfnjflnsf / czQmnfO{ sfddf k|of]u u/] gu/]sf]

sfdbf/sf] gfd 7]ufgf cflb ljj/0f

:ynut lg/LIf0f sfd z'? ePsf] @ dlxgf leq

lh=lj=;=÷ lh=c=;

47


=; a;fO{ ;/fO{ 3/w'/L / hg;+Vof lk= cf/= P= afli{fs lh=lj=;

=

48

;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf;

dGqfno

la1fg, k|ljlw tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno

gLlt, P]g, lgod tyf lgb]{lzsfx?

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt-sfof{Gjog lgsfo_ ;+of]hs jg÷s[lif÷e"–;+/

If0f÷:jf:Yo cflb

k|fljlws cg'udg 6f]nL

sfof{Gjog÷cg'udg÷n]vf k/LIf0fsfof{Gjog÷cg'udg÷n]vf k/LIf0flhNnf cg'udg tyf ;dGjo ;ldlt


(=#=cg'udg M cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog k"j{, sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf] ;dodf /

sfof{Gjog kZrft\ u/L # r/0fdf lhNnf :t/Lo cg'udg ;ldltn] cg'udg ug]{5 eg] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nosf] tkm{af6 dfl;s?kdf lgoldt cg'udg ul/g] 5 . o; sfo{sf] nflu lgDg /sd 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf g+= (=#l;=g+=

cg'udg ul/g] s[ofsnfk

cg'dflgt /sd ?

cg'udg ug]{{ lgsfo

! lkmN8 lg/LIf0f -# k6s_

(),))) lhNnf cg'ug tyf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lh=lj=;=

@ k|ltj]bg tof/L !),))) lhNnf cg'ug tyf ;dGjo ;ldlt÷lh=lj=;=

# ;"rgf af]8{ -$!×&))).–_

@,@$,))) ;DalGwt au/ If]qdf /flvg],

$ ;/f]sf/jfnfsf nflu e]nf÷uf]li7 sfo{qmd

&%,))) lhNnf, If]q txdf ul/g],

hDdf #,((,))).– (=$ jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu lhDd]jf/ lgsfox?sf] ;+u7gfTds :j?k

47


lrq g+= ! cg'udg ;f+u7lgs 9fFrf

48


cWofo bzM lgZsif{!)=!= lgZsif{

9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf ->f]t_ cflb ;+sngsf] of]hgf agfO{ sfo{ ;~rfng ul/Pdf jg ;Dkbf / >f]tsf] plrt pkef]u dfq geO{ Joj:yfkg tkm{ 7"nf] ;xof]u k'Ub5 . lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflb ;dod} j}1flgs tl/sfåf/f ;+sng x'Fbf >f]tdf cfwfl/t pBf]ux? / lgdf{0fsf of]hgfx? ;~rfngdf /xL :yfgLo:t/b]lv /fli6«o :t/;Dd cfk"lt{sf] Joj:yf x'g;S5 . ;+sng sfo{n] jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, kl/l:ytLsLo k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;, hgzlQm ljsf; / ;Dkbfsf] plrt k|of]udf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] dfq geO{ gbL s6fg, s[lif of]Uo e"ld, d?e"dLs/0f, hnfwf/ If]qsf] ljgfz h:tf kof{j/0fLo ;d:ofx?nfO{ lgoGq0f u/L /fli6«o cy{tGqdf ;sf/fTds of]ubfg k'¥ofpF5 .jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%#, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ / jg P]g, @)$( tyf lgodfjnL, @)%! adf]lhd sfof{Gjogsf nflu of] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f lgtfGt cfaZos / ;fGble{s b]lvPsf] 5 . of] k|:tfjsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 :yfgLo:t/df 7"nf] dfqfdf /f]huf/L >[hgf x'g'sf ;fy} :yfgLo lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ k|ToIf?kdf /fhZj k|fKt x'g]5 . o;sf ;fy} :yfgLo If]qdf 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf h:tf k|fs[lts k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]ux?sf] k|j4{g x'g], o:tf k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] j}1flgs Joa:yfkgåf/f pTkfbglzn ljsf; eO{ To;af6 ;d'Ggt / ljsl;t ;dfhsf] l;h{gf x'gdf 6]jf k'Ug]5 . o; k|:tfjsf] sfof{Gjog x'g] If]qdf /x]sf] ef}lts, /;folgs, h}ljs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fdf k'Ug] k|efjsf] ljZn]if0fåf/f pQm If]qsf] lbuf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . of] k|:tfj sfof{Gjog x'bf kg]{ jftfj/0fLo k|efjnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ k|lts"n k|efjx?sf] t'ngfdf cg's"n k|efjx? a9L /x]sf] b]lvG5 .k|:tfjx?sf] lasNk ljZn]if0f ubf{ j}1flgs Aoa:yfkg k|0ffnL cg';f/ ;+sng ug{ k|:tfljt k|:tfj sfof{Gojg ug'{kg]{ :ki6 b]lvPsf] 5 . ljsNkx?sf] ljZn]if0fdf of] k|:tfjdf Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox? cjnDag ub}{ Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{Gjog u/L tL pkfox?sf] cg'udgsf] ;'lglZrttf u/L pk/f]St cg';f/sf 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf h:tf >f]t ;+sng tyf laqmL ljt/0f ug{ lhNnfsf] of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ l:js[ltsf nflu of] k|:tfa ul/Psf] xf] . of] k|:tfj l:js[lt kl5 :yfgLoaf;L, ;DalGwt laz]if1x?af6 k|fKt lgDgfg';f/sf ;'emfjx?nfO{ cjnDag ul/g]5 .

cg'udg of]hgfdf lbOPsf Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox?sf] clgjfo{ sfof{Gjog / To;sf] lgoldt cg'udg ug]{,

:yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;xefuLtfdf cg'udg sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L jgfpg / vf]nfx?sf] /]vb]v ug{ Warden /fVg] tkm{ kxn ug]{,

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k|To]s jif{ jiff{ofd ;lsPkl5 y'lk|Psf] 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jfsf] kl/df0f gfkhfFr u/L clen]v /fVg] / 7]s]bf/n] jif{df slt kl/df0f s'g :yfgjf6 ;+sng u¥of]{, T;;sf] clen]v /fVg lgb]{zg lbg],

7]Ssf ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePsf] kl/df0f, :yfg cflbsf] lgoldt cg'udg ug]{,

jg;Fu ;dGjo u/L /fh:j ;+sngdf Psåf/ k|0ffnLsf] kxn ug]{,cg'udgsf] nflu 7]Ssf /sdjf6 c;'nL x'g] /sdsf] sDtLdf % k|

ltzt /sd 5'§fpg kxn ug]{,9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf ;+sng÷pTvgg\\ ;DaGwL lh=lj=;=n] lgb]

{lzsf tof/ ug{ tkm{ cufl8 a9\g], 7"nf] dfqfdf 9'Ëf, lu§L, jfn'jf ;+sng÷pTvgg\\ ug]{ If]qdf ;

+sng÷pTvgg\ ug{ ;lsg] kl/df0f, rf/ lsNnf cflb v'nfO{ lh=lj=;=n] xf]l8Ë af]8{ /fVg],

s]lx au/ If]qdf :yfgLo AolQmx?n] lghL au/ elg Aoj;flos?kdf 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf laqmL u/]sf] kfOPsfn] ;/sf/L÷;fj{hlgs au/ 5'6\ofO{ o:tf vlgh kbfy{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] x'g] x'Fbf sfg"g jdf]lhd ug{sf] nflu lh=lj=;= cufl8 a9\g] .

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cg';"rL !

;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx? -Bibiliography)

!= jg P]g, @)$( tyf jg lgodfjnL @)%!

@= jg If]qsf] nflu jftfj/0fLo k|efj d'Nof+sg lgb]{lzsf, @)%@

#= jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$

$= cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, kj{t

%= >f]t gSzf, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, kj{t

^= jg k}bfjf/ ljqmL ljt/0f lgb]{lzsf, @)^)

&= k~r jlif{o sfo{of]hgf, lhNnf jg sfof{no, kj{t

*= hl8a'6L tyf u}x|sfi7 jg ljsf; gLlt, @)^!

(= Land Use Map & Topo map,

!)= Nepal Biodiversity strategy, 2002

!!= Forestry Handbook, FORSPA publication No. 32/2002, Compiled by DR. Swoyambhu Man Amatya , Mr. Kahaiya Raj Shrestha,2002

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cg';"rL @gSzfx?M

k5f8L=========================

=============

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cg';"rL $kmf]6fx?M

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kj{t lhNnfsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] sflnu08sL lsgf/df /x]sf]

k|f/le+s jftfj/l0fo kl/If0f · Web viewkj{t lhNnf klZdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf] dWo kxf8L lhNnf xf] . o;...

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