POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK-ODDZIAL W KRAKOWIE PRACB KOMISJI ORIBNTALISTYCZNBJ

NR 21

MOHAMMED ALl, ANDRZEJ ZABORSKI

HANDBOOK OF THE aROMa LANGUAGE

WROCLAW. WARSZAWA • KRAKOW • GDANSK. LODt ZAKLAD NARODOWY IMIBNIA OSSOLlNSKICH WYDAWNICTWO POLSKIBJ AKADBMII NAUK

1990

-n' R -1993

Prace opiniowali do druku:

MARIA KOWALSKA STANIS!..AW STACHOWSKI

Univerzitna kniznica V Bratis lave

Redaktor Wydawnictwa: EIzbieta Fialek: Redaktor techniczny: Krystyna Oliwa

© Copyright by Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolimkich - WydawnictwoJ

Wroclaw 1990

Primed in Poland

ISSN 0079-3426 ISBN 83-04-03316-X

Zaklad Narodowy im. Ouolinskich _ Wydawnictwo, Wroclaw. j Oddl:iaJ w Krakowie 1990.

Obkt04c ark. Wj' 10,40; ark. druk. 11,75; ark. form, Al 15,63. Zam. 233/89 -02- 0 2 Dtukamia Nluodowa w Krakowic

PART ONE

Introduction . . . . . . Phonological Introduction

PART TWO

Unit 1 - Haasawa telefonaa Unit 2 - Mana nyaataa Unit 3 - Hirna Unit 4 - Magaalaa . . Unit 5 - Dukaana . . Unit 6 - Mana haaraya (kutaa 1) Unit 7 - Wal gaafii ..... . Unit 8 - Jiruu baadiyaa (kutaa 1) Unit 9 - Mana haaraya (kuraa 2) Unit 10 - Mana dhukkubsataa . Unit 11 - Shaggar . . . Unit 12 - Warra Liban. . . . Unit 13 - BaIlama . . . . . . Unit 14 - Jiruu baadiyaa (kutaa 2) . Unit 15 - Hojii filaccuu ..... Unit 16 - Mana jaaruu . . . . . . Unit 17 - Seenaa Oromoo (kutaa 1) Unit 18 - Mana barnootaa Unit 19 - Afaan Oromoo . Unit 20 - Amantii Oromoo Unit 21 - Sirna Gadaa . . Unit 22 - Seenaa Oromoo (kutaa 2) Unit 23 - Buna Qalaa . . . . . . Unit 24 - Seenaa Oromoo (kutaa 3) Dnit 25 - Mana postas . . . . . .

APPENDICES

Oroma-English Vocabulary English-Oromo Vocabulary Key to Exercises . Grammatical Index . . . . Basic Bibliography . . . . Podstawowe wiadomo§ci 0 j~ku oromo

CONTENTS

IX XI

3 9

15 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 72 77 82 87 92 97

102 106 111 115 120 124

131 147 159 171 172 173

PART ONE

_.------------ --

Introduction

Oromo (till 1974 known mostly by the now rejected name 'Galla') is one of the major African languages. With its at least 20 million native speakers living in Ethiopia, Northern Kenya and Somalia, Oromo is one of the most widely spoken languages of Africa i.e. after Arabic, Hausa and Swabili. Together with Arnharic it is the most im­portant language of Ethiopia where it is used not only as a national language by the Oromo people but also as a lingua franca by several million speakers of other languages. It is a language of a great people with national history going back at least to the 16th century that played since that time a major political and cultUlal role in North-East Africa and whose cultural and social organization (e.g. the famous 'Gada' system) are among the most outstanding in Africa. Spoken on a vast territory ranging from Wello in the North to Northern and even Central Kenya in the South and from Wellegga in the West to Harar in the East, Oromo has several dialects of which the most important and the best known are the dialects of Wcllegga and the Borana, the latter spoken in the South of the Oromo territory. Other dialects are e.g. Tulama, Arsi, Gujji, Raya in Ethiopia, Orma, Munyo and Waata in Kenya. The dialect differences are not big so that interdialect comprehensibility is not a problem. Being related e.g. to Afar-Saho and Somali Oromo belongs to the Cushitic group of languages, and with the whole Cushitic group it belongs to the Afroasiatic or Hamito­-Semitic language family together with the Semitic, Berber, Egyptian and Chadic.

Various sociolinguistic and other reasonS are responsible for the lack of modern handbooks or manuals of this important and rather easy language. This is the first handbook of Eastern or Harar Oromo for which we have recently got a very good grammar by Jonathan Owens. It is the first printed practical handbook using Latin script since 1922. The only handbooks which appeared after the Second World War have been duplicated, i.e. the pedagogically and linguistically remarkably good intro­ductory handbook that appeared in Latin script in Kenya and the rather voluminous handbook by Johannes Launhardt that appeared in Ethiopia in Ethiopian script to be used primarily with an Oromo informant.

The present handbook has been prepared for practical purposes on a linguistic basis. Most of the work on it has been done by Mohammed AIi who is a native speaker of Harar Oromo and it reflects his dialect, though e.g. some of the vocabulary is actually Pan-Oromo. Since we now have the linguistically accurate, methodologically sophisti­cated and rather detailed descriptive grammar by Owens mentioned above, the pre­sentation of grammar has been limited here only to essentials. For more details one should consult Owens and eventually other basic gi-ammars of other Oromo dialects i.e. the concise sketch of the Wellegga dialect by Gragg, the 'classical' grammar by Moreno and the detailed studies of Kenyan Oromo dialects by Stroomer and Heine.

x Introduu,'on

Since obviously this handbook has to be, for the time being, rather universal, metho­dologically it is rather eclectic so that it may be used by autodidacts as well as in orga­nized courses with or without a native speaker. It has to be emphasized that this is an abridged version of the handbook since the full version including 30 units and additional reading material with more detailed vocabularies could not appear due to the lack of printing possibilities. The handbook has been partially tested in a classroom during a course led by Mohammed Ali in the Department of Ethiopian Smdies of the Warsaw University in 1987-1988.

The most important dictionary is that by Gene Gragg but one should not forget also Da Thiene. We still lack a good dictionary from an European language into Oromo, but evenmally one can consult the Italian-Oromo dictionary by Venturino.

Latin script has been used here since it seems to be favoured by most of the Oromos and it greately facilitates the study of the Oromo language. Nevertheless, smdents should be aware of the fact that so far it is the highly complicated Ethiopian script that is officially promoted by the Ethiopian government so that e.g. the only Oromo periodical 'Bariisaa' (the first number of which appeared in September 1975) as well as other official publications in Ethiopia are printed in it. The number of Oromo texts in the Latin script is, however, growing.

Phonological Introduction

The Oromo language has the following consonants and vowels: _ consonants:

- vowels:

Remarks:

labial

b ph

I In

alveolar I

d Ih dh s I!

I r w y

short long i u e ee a aa o 00

u uu

palatal e J ch

sh ny

velar k g q

glottal

h

1. lel and fjf are pronounced like in English (c = English ch) while Oromo Ichl is glottalized i.e. pronounced with a glottal stop (it is transcribed as e' by Gragg), e.g.

dUulca - wage war jtira - people chal/tia - change

dul/acca - old man jtiara - build chtiala - be better

2. Iphl, Ilhl and Iql are also glottalized i.e. pronounced with the following glottal stop so that they are transcribed as p' and I' by Gragg, e.g.

kOphaa - alone kOphee - shoes qapphees - prepare chtipha - break IhaUila - clear Ihalaytia - letter lilha - finish qilha - equal Ihutthulha - suck thUrii - dirt qtiba - have qtlbbana - cold qala - slaughter qdoqa - sound

.11.11 Phonological Illtroduction Pho,wlogical Introduction XlIt ----------------------------------------------~11 __ ------------------------------------------~===

3. Idhl is actually more or less retroflex, i.e. the tip of the tongue is curved back ija - eye i£ta - swelling and it touches the palate; it is also slightly implosive, e.g. bOna - dry season bOona - pride

dhibba - hundred dhiiba - push laga - river /tiagaa - throat dibe - he painted dibbee -drum bOru - tomorrow bOuruu - dirty gm - some gaarii - good qoree -thorn qmi - plate

dhiqa - wash dhtiqa - go dhaqaba - reach mUddhii - waist dhiira - male dhiiga - blood dhaba - lose dhtiaba - stop dhala - give birth dhdala - inherit dhunddh"ma - forearm dhaddhtiba - be tired gadha - make htiddhaawa - bitter qotoo - axe qaltee - claw

hidhii - lip haadha - mother hlfddha - new dhipphaa - narrow dhriga - drink dhUgaa - true

10. Pitch-accent (some linguists prefere to analyse it as tone though this analysis seems to be toO complicate and rather phonetic than phonemic) is not written normal­ly. It is important though minimal pairs of words distinguished only by it do not occur.

4. InYI is pronounced like the initial consonant in ~nglish 'news' or French 'gn' Rules governing its distribution are rather numerous (for details consult Owen's gram­in 'Cologne' or 'Cognac', i.e. a strongly palatalized consonant; it is transcribed as n mar, pp. 26-59) and not very practical for a beginner. Learners should follow main by Gragg, e.g. accent marks which are given in the first three Units. The most important rules are:

IIyaara _ eyebrow IIydaca _ crocodile a. Only the pre-final or final syllable of a root can have an accent (realized as a high

IIydara - food geermya - we reach tone). keelmya our reennya _ we sit b. In nominals if the pre-final syllable is accentuated, the final must also have an !akkeennya _ example !ullnyaall _ nose accent; if the pre-final is not, then the final is accentuated.

5. Consonants can be doubled or geminated, e.g.

bddaa - evil hOjii - work ilillii - flower

btiddaa - highland hOjjaa - tea jijjir - change

6. In loan-words mainly from European languages but also from Arabic and from Swahili in the South also Ipl, Ivl and Izl occur, e.g.

zabib - raisins pdolisa - police vitdamin - vitamin

zillgo polirikaa video

- Zlnc - politics - video

7. Before a pause final short and long vowels are pronounced with a following glottal stop, c.g.

[oromo'] - Oromo oromoo! - for Oromo [able'] - knife ableen - with a knife [re'e'] - goat re'ee! - for a goat

8. Short lil at the end of a word is almost always dropped, e.g. Kimi mana gUddaa = Kun mana guddaa This is a large house

9. Vowel length should be strictly observed since it is distinctive, e.g. ana dl/aa

-me - neighbour

dana aola

- be next to - stay

c. In verbs accent is limited mainly to the jussive forms which have an accent always on the first syllable, e.g.

haa nydatu! let him eat!

and to the negative imperative which has an accent on the pre-final syllable, e.g.: hinnyaatilli! don't eat!

Pitch-accent is distinctive syntactically, e.g. (cf. Owen's grammar, p. 26 and 50)

Joollee dhiqi! Wash the children! Joollee sun dhiqe. He washed those children. Harree galci! Return the donkey home! Harree tana galea. He will return this donkey. Inni na arke. He did see me. Inni na arke. He saw me.

Some Basic Morphophonemic Rules

1. Before a consonant Isl changes into -If! optionally, e.g.

ajjees + na ajjeejna we kill

2. III and Irl assimilate the following 1nl, e.g.

baal + ni bdalli leaf (nom.) jir + na j{rra we live

XIV Phonological Introdllction

3. Ikl, Iql, Igl, Itl, Idl, Idhl, Ithl assimilate to the following consonant, e.g.

beek + lIa heel/na we know godh + ,la glinna we do did + ti diddi she refuses qab + tan qabdan you (pI.) have beek + ta beetta you know fedh + n fetn she wants dhaq + ta dhditta you arrive hoq + ne hciinne we scratched

4. The suffixes -t (second person or third person feminine singular) and -n (firs! person plural) become -ss and -"'V' respectively after 1'1 or InYI, e.g.

taa' + ti teessi she sits gaa' + te geesse yoU: arrived dhagay + ne dhageel/nye we listened

5. lal in the position before Ihl, 1'1 and Iyl optionally assimilates to the following lel, e.g.

tah + e ja' + e dhagay + e

tehe je'e dhdgeye

he became he said he heard

6. Some suffixes, e.g. case endings -ni (instrumental), -fi (dative) as well as the negative copula min 'is not' and -fi (-f) 'and' lengthen final vowels of the noun, e.g.

Jbsaan qaalicca-a miti - Ibsaa is not a priest.

PART TWO

Unit 1 - Haasawa telefonaa

" __ H" .~ £:AIN.J" IntU.

Jnni Bilisaa. Jnni eessdrraa dhUfa? Jnni Jfmma"aa dhufa.

bnnyu ati? Ani Bilisaa. Ati eessa"aa dhufta? Ani Jfmmarraan dhUfa.

fennyu Bilisaan? Bs1isaan obboleessa ChaaltUuti.

Eennyu Chaaltuuls? Chaaltuun obboltiettii Bilisaati.

Eennyu isaan? Isilan Bilisaa fi Chaaltuu.

Bennyu isin? Nu Bilisaa fi Chaaltuu.

Hennyu idin? [din Chaaltuu.

Bennyu hajii jira? Bilisaan hajii jira.

Bilisaan eessa jira? Bilisaan Juijii jira.

ChaaltUun eessa jirti? Chilaltuun mana jirti.

Ibsaan eessa jira? lbsaan dhtiabata autobusaa jira.

Bilisaan mana jiraa? Be J inni mana jira.

Bilisaan mana jiraa? Lakki, inni mana hinjiru.

Chilaltuun mana jirtii ~ Be, idin mana jirti.

Who is he? He is Bilisaa. Where does he come from? He comes from Jimma.

Who are you? I am Bilisaa. Where do you come from? I come from Jimma.

Who is Bilisaa? Bilisaa'1'S Chaaltuu's brother.

Who is Chaaltuu? Chaaltuu is Bilisaa's sister.

Who are they? They are Bilisaa and Chaaltuu.

Who are you? (pI.) We are Bilisaa and Chaaltuu.

Who is she? She is Chaaltuu.

Who is at the work place? Bilisaa is at the work place.

Where is Bilisaa? Bilisaa is at the work place.

Where is Chaaltuu? Chaaltuu is at home.

Where is Ibsaa? Ibsaa is at the bus station.

Is Bilisaa at home? Yes, he is at home.

Is Bilisaa at home? No, he is not at home.

Is Chaaltuu at home? Yes, she is at home.

4

Cluialtuun mana jfrtii? Lakki, isiin mana hinjirtu.

Ydom Ibsaan Hima deemat Amma Ibsaan Hima diema.

Y oom Cluialtuun mdna dlemti? Amma Cluialtuun mana diemti.

Akluim jirta? Gtilata W daqaa, nagaya.

Pronoun

Unit 1

Is Olaaltuu at home? No, she is not at home.

When does Ibsaa go to Hirna? Now Ibsaa goes to Hirna.

When does Olaaltuu go home? Now Olaaltuu goes home.

How are you? Thanks God, fine.

The subject form is the nominative case which occurs' as subject of a simple verb, a verbal phrase, and nominal sentence. The base form of pronoun, noun or adjective is used for direct object, predicate nominal and isolated citation.

Personal Pronoun

e.g.

1. sg. 2.

3. m. f.

1. pI. 2.

3.

Ati nama gdarii. Isdani mana jirani.

-Subject

ani, an ati inni isiin

nuti, nu {sin;

isOOni

Mana Ibsaan si agarsiisa.

Noun - Base and Subject

Base

I ana, na me you si you he isa him she isii her

we nu us you {sin you they isOOn them

You are a good person. They are at home. I shall show you Ibsaa's house.

The subject form is obtained by suffixing -ni, -n, or -i for masculine, and -n, and -tii for feminine to noun stems, and -ii for masculine and -n for feminine to adjectives, e.g.

Man-ni lbsaa gilddaa (cf. base form man-a 'house'). Ibsaa's house is large.

Haasaroa telejcmaa

Adab-ni joolleef gdarii (cf. base form adab-a 'discipline'). Discipline is good for children. /Af-tii BOrnu gabbatuu (cf. base form Taf-a 'land'). Boruu's land is fertile. Jaars-i dureessi dMfe (cf. base form jaars-a 'man'). The rich man came. Ogeettii-n mana jirti (cf. base form ogeett-ii 'medical expert'). The medical expert (f.) is at home.

5

As already mentioned, the base form is used for direct object, predicate nominal and isolated citation (cf. pronoun), e.g.

Kimi mdna. This is a house. Inni mana haaraya bite. He bought a new house.

Noun - Gender

In Oromo nouns gender is not marked by any special suffix except -eessa and -eettii which denote mascu1ine and feminine with only some adjectival roots.

dur hiyy og

m. f. dur-eessa dur-eettii hiyy-eessa hiyy-eettii og-eessa og-eettii

rich poor medical expert

Feminine are names of heavenly bcdies and geographical terms, e.g. urjii - star, aduu - sun, bdatii - moon, rafa - earth, hara - lake, biyya - land.

Gender is also distinguished by different roots for kinship relations, e.g. cibbaa­father, kdadha - mother, ilma - son, inulla - daughter.

We distinguish gender of animals by using karma for masculine and dkaTtuu for feminine, e.g.

m. adriree kOrma gafcirsa k6rma Tliencha k6rma

£ aduree dMltuu gafcirsa dMltuu liencha dhaTtu"

Main Tense Paradigms

1. sg. 2.

Present* deem-a deem-ta

deem- - go Past Imperative

deem-e diem-te diem-i

cat buffalo lion

Subordinate clause deem-u diem-tu

* Some linguists use the name 'imperfect' instead of 'present', The present is used also to expresl future. In the present tense there is also an optional use of the prefix nj(n)- with verb roots, e.g. Inni tnana ni-deema (cf. Inn; mana deema).

6

3. m. diem-a f. deem-ti

l. pI. 2.

3.

diem-na diem-tani diem-ani

diem-e diem-te deem-ne diem-tan diem-an

Unit 1

diem-aa

diem-u deem-tu deem-nu deem-tani diem-ani

In the first person singular there is also -n suffixed to the preceding word, e.g. Ani mamian jira - I am at home.

The subordinate is used in dependent clauses (cf. Units 11, 13). Its use corresponds frequently to the use of the English infinitive.

The Expression of 'To Be'

The verb 'to be' is not used in Oromo in sentences 'x is y' in the present tense. Identity in Oromo is shown in nominal sentences by a predicate which is usually a noun phrase. A nominal sentence can occur only in the present tense, e.g.

Kuni mana. Be, Jbsaa. Isiin bareedduu. Sun luJphee adii. Mann; barntiotaa dcd.

This is a house. Yes, it is Ibsaa. She is beautiful. That is a white shoes. The school is there.

For negative sentences there is a negative copula miti, e.g.

Dha

Kilni Ibstia miti. This is not Ibsaa. Inni gowwtia miti. Mann; Ibstia hamia miti. Obboleeuiin Borfm tamia miti.

He is not foolish. This is not Ibsaa's house. This is not Borou's sister.

The copula suffix -dha which is typical for the Wellegga and Tulama dialects is seldom used in Harar Oromo. In the Harar dialect -dha is affixed to nouns and adjectives for emphasis, e.g.

Isiin bareedduudha. Be, Jbsaadha.

She is beautiful (really). Yes, it is Ibsaa (right).

.,

JIr

In order to show the presence of an object for a short duration we use the verb jir which means 'exist, to stay, to be present, to be', or 'Iive'.]ir is used in the present tense only, e.g.

BoriIun mantl jira. Chtialtuun luijii jirti. Biyya k4m jirta? Eennyu mantl jira?

Tur and Tab

Borou is at home. Chaaltuu stays at the work place. In which country do you live? Who is present at home?

In order to mark past and future tenses, we use the verb tur which means 'to be' for the former and tah 'to be, to become' for the latter, e.g.

Isiin mdna tUrle. Isiin sirbiluu telati.

She was at home. She is going to be a dancer.

HAASAwA TELEFONAA

C1:ulaltuu: Helllo! Ibsaa: Akkelm bUlte! Bi/isaan melna jiraa? Chllaltuu: Akktim bUlte! Ltikki, itlni mtina hinjiru. Inni hojii jira. Dhtiamsa qelbdaa?

Dhiiftima, ktmyu elti? Ibsaa: Ani Jbsaa hiriyaa Bi/iselati. Ati obboleettii Bilistiatii? ChaaItuu: Ee, siin beeha. Amma eessa jirta? Ibsaa: Asi dhelabata auttibusaan jira. Gtima Hirnaan dkma. Chllaltuu: Hdyaa, yeroo Jimma dhUftu nu gaafciddhu. Thsaa: Gammticcuu weljjin, dhihtiotti gama ]immaan dMfa. Hoggati sun {siniin gelafad­

dha. Htigasu nagaytitti. Chllaltuu: Nagayeltti, ktiraa gaani!

EXERCISES

I. Put the appropriate form of qaba in the open places below, e.g. Bilisaan obboleettii qaba.

I. Ibsaa fi Bilisaan yeroo ..... ; 2. Aroma Bilisaan hojii ..... ; 3. Ibsaan Jimmatti hiriyaa ..... ; 4. Dameen obboleessa ..... ; 5. Bili~aan manatti telefonaa ..... ; 6. Ibsaan obboleettii ......

n. Put the appropriate form of the verb deema in the open spaces, e.g. Ibsaan mana deema.

8 Unit 1

1. Bilisaan dbaabata autobusaa ..... ; 2. Ibsaan hojii ..... ; 3. Chaaltuun mana ..... ; 4. Ibsaa fi Bilisaan Jimma ..... ; 5. Bilisaa fi Dameen hojii. .... ; 6. Inni fi isiin Adaamaa ..... .

Ill. Construct sentences according to the following pattern, e.g. Mana (haaraya bita). Mana haaraya bita. Mana (Bomu fagoo). Manni Bomu fagoo.

1. Intala Gimma deemti); 2. Lafa (Bilisaa bal'oo); 3. Uma (Ibsaa mana jira); 4. Adaba Cnamuuf gaarii); 5. Mana Clbsaa guddaa).

IV. Exercises in gender differentiation.

a) Give the masculine form of the following: haadba, habboo, aduree, farda, dureettii, ogeettii, intala, re'ee, adaadaa, saree, nama.

b) Give the feminine form of the following: eessuma, qeerensa, ilma, hiyyeessa, gafarsa, adeera, harree, abbaa, jaarsa, hoolaa.

V. Change the verb from singular to plural, e.g. Inni mana jira. Isaan mana jirani.

1. Inni hojii jira; 2. Isiin mana jirti; 3. Ati yeroo qabda; 4. Isiin mana keessa jirti; 5. Inni yeroo hedduu qaba; 6. Ani hojii hedduun qaba; 7. Inni hojii qaba; 8. Isiin Hirna deemti; 9. Ani yeroo hedduun qaba; 10. Isiin Jimma jirti.

VI. Make questions for the following sentences, e.g. Ee, Ibsaan mana jira. Ibsaan eesse jira?

1. Ibsaan Hirna deema; 2. Isaan hojii hedduu qabani; 3. Bilisaan hiriyaa Adaamatti qaba; 4. Inni hojii jira.

Unit 2 - Mana nyaataa

Maal yaamta? F60n 160ni waatiamee fi ruza.

Mdai yaamta? F60n re'ee affeelamee fi buddeena.

Maal yaamna? Qurthlimmii akaawamee fi dinniccaa.

Maai yaamtani? KilIee akaawamee fi buddeena.

Mdai ydamta? Hulbat maraqaa fi buddeena.

Mdali kUni? KUni shdahii. Shdahiin qabbandawaa.

Mdali kIlni? Kuni bUna. BUntu 6wwaa.

Mdali suni? Suni burtukdana. Akkami burtukdanni? Burtukdanni mi'dawaa.

Kami bUnni? KUni bUna sum imm6 shdahii.

KUni bishdanii? Be, kUni bishaani.

KUni tiruu akaawamee? Ltikki, kuni tfruu akaawame mitj. Kllnj kake akdawame.

Meeqa bUnni afur? BUnni afUr qarshji lama.

Meeqa Illkkuun jahaa ff k6kaan sdddeet? Lukkuun jdhaa fj kOkaan sdddeet qarshij kudhasdgali.

What do you order? Roasted beef and rice.

What do you order? Boiled mutton and bread.

What do we order? Fried fish and potatoes.

What do you order? (pI.) Fried eggs and bread.

What do you order? Hulbat maraqa and bread.

What is this? This is tea. The tea is cold.

What is this? This is coffee. The coffee is warm.

What is that? That is orange. How is the orange? The orange is sweet.

Which is coffee? This is coffee but that is tea.

Is this water? Yes, this is water.

Is this fried liver? No, this is not fried liver. This is fried kidney.

How much is four coffees? Four coffees make two qarshii.

How much is six chicken and eight coca ? Six chicken and eight coca make nineteen qarshii.

10 urnr;:

BtJru sa'aa meeqarti m<ina barnOoraa diemra?

At what time tomorrow you go to school?

BtJru sa'aa rorbtirtiin mtina barnOotaa diema.

Tomorrow I am going to school at seven o'clock.

Mtial bimu jecta? What do you want to buy? Ani muza kiloo sadii himun fedha. I want to buy three kilos of bananas.

Mtial hiruu jeui? What does she want to buy? Isiin ilillii himu feui. She wants · to buy flowers. Idin ilillii jtialacti. She likes flowers.

Noun - Number, Definitiveness

Number

In Oromo plural forms of the nouns are rarely used. Plurality is shown by numerals, adjective of quality (like hedduu), a verb form or simply it can be deduced from the context, e.g.

Beruu heddfm qaban (cf. eeruu 'farm' and eer-oota 'farms'). They have a lot of farms. Jnni gaalawan shtintam qtiba (cf. Jnni gtialani shamam qtiba - less frequently used). He has fifty camels.

The suffixes of plural are -oota, -aan, -wan, and -en, e.g. sg. pI. sg.

farda horse fard-60ta gUy'yaa day gaangee mule gaang-oota jtiarsa old person ilk tooth ilk-aan gaara mountain ilma son ilm-aan ltiga river

pI.

gUy'ya-wan jaarsa-wan gaarr-en ltlgg-en

Turaan fard-tiora kUdhan fida or Turaan farda kUdhan fida . Turaa brings ten horses. Jbsaan ytiadawan gaggtiarii fida or Jbsaan yaada gaggtiarii fida. Ibsaa brings good ideas. Biy'ya Or6moo kiessa laggin hedduu jira or Biyya Or6moo kiessa Mga hedduu jira. There are several rivers in Oromoland.

Definitiveness

In Oromo definitiveness is marked by the suffix -ieea (-ricea) for masculine and -irtii (-tirti!) for feminine, e.g.

Mana nyaataQ

m. Ortlmoo Orom-ticea qtialluu qaall-icea

Qaallicci bOrn dhufa. Keessummtittiin as jirti.

f. Orom-tirtii qaall-ittii

the Oromo the priest

The priest comes tomorrow. The guest (f.) is here.

u

Indefinitiveness is marked in Oromo by the numeral t6kko (f. takka) which gives the meaning 'a certain', e.g. gurbaa rokko - a certain boy, imala takka - a certain girl.

Pronoun - Possessive

sg. pI. 1. kiy'ya (f. tiy'ya) my kiennya (f. reennya) our 2. kie (f. tie) your kiessani (f. tiessam) your 3. m. ktln (f. tlin) isaa, isaa his kan (f. ran) isaani, isaani their

f. ktin (f. ran) isii, isii her

Possessive pronoun follows the noun, e.g.

Kittiabni isaa miiza (.)rra jira. His book is on the table. Abbtian kiyyaa fi haauii riyya Haramaayaa galani.

My father and mother live in Haramaayaa.

Before instrumental -n (see Unit 11), dative -f, postpositions, negative copula etc. possessive pronouns take -ti suffix, e.g.

Kitaaba obboltiessa kieti (.)rraa fUdhi. Makiinaa kiyyattiin Shtiggar deema. Mana isaatiif sirie hita. Isfin habboo teeri miti

Pronoun - Demonstrative

Take the book from your brother. I am going to Shaggar by my car. He buys a bed for his house. She is not your aunt (maternal).

this, these that, those

Subject kuni (tuni f.) sUni

Base kana (tana f .) sana

Kuni obboliessa kiyya. Imaltii tUni bariedduu.

This is my brother. This girl is beautiful.

12 Unit 2

Pronoun - Interrogative

Interrogative pronouns are listed below:

Word Order

eennyu - who 1I'Uial(i) - what luim(,) - which

Eennyu b6ru dMfa? Who is coming tomorrow? Mdal [etta? What do you want? Kami nuinni Me? Which is your house?

The word order in Oromo shows Subject - Object - Verb pattern. The verb is strictly at the end, e.g.

Inni shamiza bita. Isiin kitdaba dubbisti.

He buys a shirt. She reads a book.

Numbers - Cardinal

tokko - one kudhat6kko - eleven sodddm

lama - two kudhalama - twelve afurtam

sad;; - three kudhasadii - thirteen shantam

afur - four shan - five

jahatam torbaatam

kudhdafur - fourteen kudhashdn - fifteen

jaha - six saddeetam sagaltam

kudhajaha - sixteen t6rba - seven kudhatorbaa - seventeen stiddeet - eight kudhastiddeet - eighteen dhibba

kUma

- thirty - forty - fifty - sixty - seventy - eighty - ninety - hundred - thousand sagal - nine kudhasagal - nineteen

kUdhan - ten diddam - twenty kumaatama - million

diddtlmi lama - twenty two k(;ma lama - two thousand sodddmi sadii - thirty three k(;ma afur - four thousand dhibba lama - two hundred kUma kUdhan - ten thousand dJu'bba afor - four hundred kumaatama lama - two million

MANA NYAATAA

Abdii: Ar' a dhaddhdbiin qaba, nydata gdariin ydama. BOruu: Anlis wdan ldaftuu takkaan nyaaddha. Abbaa manila: Akluim aaltan! Mdal ydamtan?

Mana nyaataa 13 -------------------------------------------------------~

Abdii: Anaaf maraqa fOam, lukku, rUzaa fi saldathaa. BOruu: Anaaf Mlbat maraqaa fi buddeena. Abbaa mansa: W dan dhilgan mdal [ettan? Abdii: ShaM;i lamda fi Bdabilee t6kko. Abbaa manila: Ldkki, Baabileen hinjiru. Amboo jira, fiduu? Abdii: Be, haa tahu. B6ruu: Kudrda mdal qabdan? Abbila manila: Muza, tlmbaa, paapdayaa fi burtukdana. B6ruu: Anaaf paapdayaa, ati Mo Abdii? Abdii: Andaf muza. AbMa manila: Akkami gaa? Sdaqa kOphaa-kOphaa btiaSlan moo waUtti? Abdii: Walitti hisdabi. AbMa manila: Galata! B6ruu: Abdil~ haa hiranu. Nama tokkOof Mdduu. Abdii: Lakki, ar'a ati Messummaa kiyya.

EXERCISES

I. Put the appropriate word in the blank: inni, ani, isiin, isaan, ati, kudhashan, isin, kudhaafur, dhibba sagal, nu.

1. Kudhani fi shan ..... taha; 2 ...... mana jira; 3 ...... Jirnma deemani; 4 ...... hulbat maraqaan nyaaddha; 5 ...... bishaan Babilee jaalatti; 6. Jahaa fi saddeet ..... taha; 7. Dhibba lamaa fi dhibba torba ..... taha; 8 ...... karaa deemtani; 9 ...... Dirree Dhawaa deemta; 10 ...... kudraa jaalanna.

n. Fill in the blank with the help of the following words: owwa, guddoo, mi'aawaa, nu, waaddi, fagoo, dhuga, lama, isiin, meeqa.

1. Argaayaan eeruu ..... qaba; 2. Muzni kuni ..... ; 3. Bunni kuni ..... ; 4 ...... paapaayaa binna; 5. Buddenni shan qarshii ..... ; 6. Isiin lukku ..... ; 7. Manni Damee ..... ; 8. Ani bishaan Baabileen ..... ; 9. Inni thuutthoo kiloo ..... bita; 10 ...... buna qabbanaawaa jaalatti.

ll!. Put -icca(ticca), -ittii(tittii) in the spaces, e.g. Gurb ..... boru dhufa. Gurbicci boru dhufa. Inta! . . . .. ar'a dhufti. Intaltii ar'a dhufti.

1. Nam ..... born dhufa; 2. Qaal. .... ar'a dhufti; 3. Hat. .... magaalaa jira; 4. Jarman ..... boru dhufa; 5. Kcessum ..... mana jira; 6. Orom ..... ar'a deemti.

IV. Construct sentences according to the following pattern, e.g. Inni obboleessa (ana). Inni obboleessa kiyya.

1. Isiin obboleettii (ana); 2. Isaan warra (ati); 3. Chaaltuun adaadaa (inni); 4. Kuni kitaaba (ati); 5. Suni hucchuu (isaani); 6. Isiin habboo (isin).

14 Uml2

V. Exercises on number.

a) Give the plural form of the following: farda, harree, ilke, ilma, guyyaa, g3ara,

b) Give the singular form of the following: gaangoota, gaalawan, jaarsaw3!l, yaadawan, qubeen, joollee.

VI. Translate into Oromo:

1. They are my guests. 2. I have forty 'qarshii'. 3. The coffee is cold. 4. The orange is sweet. 5. We have coca and Baabillee mineral water. 6. Do you have 'hulbat maraqa'?

Unit 3 - Hirna

Bessa gandi Barentuu? Ani keessummaa, mee jara sun gaafaddhu.

Ganda Barentuu beeuanii? Be, gandi Barentuu mana guddaa sunirraa gama bitoo jira.

Hirnaan Dirree Dhawoorraa gama kam jirti? Hirnaan Dirree Dhawoorraa gama bahoo jirti.

Dime Dhawaan Hirnarraa gama Mm jirti? Dirree Dhawaan Hirnarraa gama dhihaa jirti.

Qarsaan Kombolcarraa gara Mm jirti?

Qarsaan K6mbolcarraa gara kabbaa jirti.

Marsabeetiin Moyaalierraa gara kam jirtl? Marsabeetiin Mayaalierraa gara kibbaa jirti.

Hirnaan mag4alaa bareedduu. Gurboon kuni guddaa. Intaltii tuni gUddoo. Inn{ n4ma hajeelaa. Isiin n4ma hajeeltuu. Shamizni kun harki/amaa. Shuraabni tune,) harki/amtuu. Inni n4ma jaalatamaa. Isiin nama jaalatamtuu. An nama dureessa. An nama dureetrii. Raazoon akka Damee gOOr;;. Bilisaan akka fbsaa jabaa.

Where is Barentuu village? I am a stranger, please ask those people.

Do you (pI.) know Barentuu village? Yes, Barentuu village is located to the left of that large house.

In which direction is Hirna located from Dirree Dhawaa? Hirna is located to the east of Dirree Dhawaa.

In which direction is Dirree Dhawaa located from Hirna? Dirree Dhawaa is located to the west of Hirna.

In which direction is Qarsaa located from Kombolca? Qarsaa is located to the north of Kombolca.

In which direction is Marsabeeti located from Moyaalee? Mmab:eti is located to the south of Moyaalee.

Hirna is a beautiful town. This boy is big. This girl is big. He is a greedy person. She is a greedy person. This shirt is elastic. This sweater is elastic. He is a likable person. She is a likable person. You are a rich person. You are a rich Cf.) person. Raazoo is as good as Damee. Bilisaa is as strong as Ibsaa.

16

Abdiin akha Baruu beekamaa. Bilfsaan isa (.)rra jabaa. Shamizni kun(.) suni (I)rra wayya. Shamizni kuni sun{ (.)rra chaala. Dam/en bareedduu. Dameen jsii (l)rra bareedduu. Dam/en daran baredduu. Bilfsaan jtibaa. Bilfsaan isa (.)rra jtibaa. Bilfsaan daran jtibaa. CJulaltuun qartuu. ChaaltuUn isii (.)rra qartuu. Chaaltuun dtiran qarruu. Jbsaan dhieraa. Jbsaan ua (.)rra dhieraa. Jbsaan dtiran dhieraa.

Adjectives - Gender

U"it 3

Abdii is as famous as Boruu. Bilisaa is stronger than him. This shirt is better than that. This shirt is better than that. Damee is beautiful. Damee is more beautiful than her. Damee is the most beautiful. Bilisaa is strong. Bilisaa is stronger than him. Bilisaa is the strongest. Chaaltuu is clever. Chaaltuu is more clever than her. Chaaltuu is the most clever. Ibsaa is tall. lbsaa is taller than him. lbsaa is the tallest.

Oromo adjectives do show gender. The first type has -aa for masculine and -for feminine, e.g.

m. f. bal'- btil'aa Jurd- Jurdaa qal'- qal'aa

Karaan Amb60 Ji Shliggar jidduu j£ru ba!' -aa. Jaartiin tiyya Jurd-oo

btil'oo wide Jurdoo fat qal'oo thin

The road found between Ambo and Shaggar is wide. My wife is fat.

In the second type we have -aa for masculine and -tuu for feminine, e.g.

diriir­laaJ­shagg-

m. f. diriiraa diriirtuu Ma/aa MaJtuu shtiggaa shaggituu

straight soft beautiful

Gobbeensa diriir-aa naaJ /idi. Kal'oon tuni laaJ-tuu.

Bring me a straight bamboo stick. This skin is soft.

Passive participles also use the same suffixes, e.g.

m. amanam­beeham­Ji/am-

be trusted be known be elected

amandmaa beekamaa Jilamaa

f. amantimtuu beekamtuu Jiltimtuu

trusted known elected

Ht"'" 11

Third, oertain adjectival roots have -aawaa for masculine and -oowtuu for feminine~

e.g· m. f.

beel- beeltiawaa beel60wtuu hungry ., "" - mi'aawaa mi'oowtuu sweet urg- urgaawaa urg60wtuu smelling nice

The fourth type of adjectives has -(a)acca for masculine and -eettii for feminine (cf. Noun - Gender, Unit 1), e.g.

daal­dull-

m. daalacca dullacca

f. daaltettii dulleettii

gray old person

The fifth type of adjectives has -eessa for masculine and -eettii for feminine (cf. Noun - Gender, Unit I), e.g.

dur­hiyy-

m. dur/essa hiyyeessa

f. dur/ettii hiyyeettji

rich poor

In the sixth group we have adjectives which do not .how gender differentiation. e.g. adda - different, adii - white, argaaya - generous, hilisa - free, duuwaa­empty, haaraya - new.

Adjectives - Number

The plurals of adjectives are formed by reduplicating the first syllable of the root .. At the same time the first consonant is assimilated or dissimilated (guddaa - gurguddaa). e.g.

sg. pI. m. f. m. f.

diimaa diimtuu diddiimaa (dimdiimaa) diddiimtuu red ones /Urdaa JUrdoo JuJJurdaa (furjUrdaa) Juffurdoo fat ones jabaa jabduu jajjabaa (jabjabaa) jajjabduu strong ones laaJaa MaJtuu lallaaJaa (laJMaJaa) lallaaJtuu soft ones

Plural is usually expressed only by adjective so that the noun which is qualified does not take a plural suffix, e.g.

Dubrii hiyya tel!1lnyaa mudhii qaqqal'oo qaban (cf. dubra 'girl' nominative dUM') .. The girls of our country have a thin waist.

Some adjectives take -00 instead of the singular -aa for obtaining plural forms (epicene), e.g.

unn :J HS ~-----------------------------------------------------~

dMeraa - dheddhieroo thiqqaa - thitthiqqoo

long ones small ones

In limited cases the -00 suffix can be added without reduplication e.g.

diim­beekam-

diimoo beekamoo

red ones known ones

Adjective - Comparison

Oromo equivalent of English 'like' or 'as' is expressed by haga to mean 'as much as ', .akka to mean 'like' or 'as', and qittha to mean 'equal to', e.g.

Bilisaan hdga Argaayaa beeka. Bilisaa koow,s as much as Argaayaa. Chdaltuun akka Hawwiituu barattuu. Chaaltuu is a student like Hawwiituu.

Comparative degree can be formed by adding the postposition irra meaning 'than' eto a noun, e.g.

Shamizni kun suni (t)rra qaalii. Manni kee kiyya (t)rra guddaa.

This shirt is more expensive than that one. Your house is larger than mine.

To express superlative we have daran which means 'best, most' with the adjective, -e.g.

Dameen daran bareedduu. Jbsaan daran jabaa.

Damee is the most beautiful. Ibsaa is the strongest.

Prepositions

In Oromo, prepositions are much less numerous than postpositions (for postposi-rions see Unit 6). The most common prepositions are:

e.g.

akka - according to, like, as eega - since, from, after eegasu - in that case, therefore gara - in the direction, towards, side gama - in the direction, towards, side haga - until hamma - upto, until such that, as much as waayee - about, in regard to

Akka isaa jabaan namu hinjiru. There is no one as strong as he. According to him kindness has no value. He goes (towards) home.

Akka isaatti gaarummaan gatii hinqabu. Inni gara manaa deema.

Hirna 19 - HIRNA

. Usaa: Akklim oolte, eessa gand£ Barentuu? BI summaa (A): AkMm 601te, ani keessUmmaa. Mee jara sUni gaafdddhu. Kees I . 'd B' b , .. , 'Il aa ' AkMm 00 tarn, gan a arentuu eettanll . ~ s su'mmaa CB): Akkdm 601te, ee. Asi taaksiin daqqiqaa kUdhan deemta. Dhdabanni

ees taaksii mana gUddaa sunirraa gama mirgaa jira. Kana malee, autobusni lakMwsa soddami shan mana postaa biraa M' e gara ganda Barentuu dhaqa. Y 00 fette miillaan deemuu dandeessa.

Billsaa: Galata hedduu, hayaa, yeroo hinqaba. Miillaam'in deema. Accumaaniin Hirna waan isiin fakkaatuun laala.

KeessUmmaa (B): Hirnaan magaalaa bareedduu. Mee laali. Waan shaggaa hidduu jira, Billsaa: Hayaa, nagayatti.

EXERCISES

1. Put the appropriate affixes for the adjectival roots in the following, e.g.

Hawwiituun qal' -00. Ibsaan nama jab-aa.

1. Magaalaan Shaggar bal' ... .. ; 2. Manni Ibsaa gudd ..... ; 3. Jaarsi Damee gabaab ..... ; 4. Intaltii tuni bareed ..... ; 5. Karaan kuni diriir ..... ; 6. Hucchuun tuni laaf .. . .. ; 7. Ibsaan ganda keennya ittibeekam .. . .. ; 8. Ililliin tuni urg ... . . ; 9. Shuraabni isaa daal. .... ; 10. Kofoon isaa gurr .... . ; 11. Boruun dur ... .. ; 12. Dameen hiyy ..... .

n. Answer the following according to the given pattern, e.g. Ganda Barentuu beettaa? Ganda Barentuu (mirga). Ee, gandi Barentuu mana guddaa sunirraa gama mirgaa jira.

1. Ganda Barentuu (bitaa); 2. Ganda Liban (kibbaa); 3. Ganda Odaa (dhiha); 4. Ganda Abbaa Duraa (kabba); 5. Ganda Abbaa Nagayoo (baha); 6. Ganda Qorree (mirga).

Ill. In the same way as above answer the following, e.g. Eessa manni baankii? Manni baankiikkaraa (Elemoo Qilthuu). Ee, manni baankii karaa Elemoo Qilthuurraa gara bitaa jira.

1. Manni baankii (mana barnootaa); 2. Manni nyaataa (mana sinemaa); 3. Karaa Abbaa Gammacciis (karaa Haramaayaa); 4. Karaa Haroo Walaabuu (karaa Hasaloo); 5. Sinemaa Odaa (karaa Raayaa); 6. Hotela Chaffee (karaa Bilisummaa).

IV. Translate into Oromo:

1. Ibsaa is as good as Bilisaa . . 2. Hawwiituu is trustworthy like Damee.

3. We are equal to you. 4. That house is bigger than yours. 5. Hirna is more beautiful than Kombolca.

Unit 3 20 ~--------------------------------------------------~~

6. Ibsaa is the best known medical expert. 7. Chaaltuu is the most clever. 8. This skin is the softest. 9. Hirna is a beautiful town.

10. My father has a large house. Unit 4 - Magaalaa

Ar' a maal gOlla? Ar' a magaalaan deetna.

Boru eessa deemta? Boru mono postaan deema.

Edana eessa bultani? Edona hotela bulla.

Yoom Qarsaa deemta? Ar' a galgalaan Qarsaa deema.

Yoom magaalaa deemta? Boru ganamoon magoolaa deema.

Warn Hawwiituu Wadaaja guddaa qabon, kanaaj isiin waan hedduu billi.

Inni mono nyaataa qabo, kanaaj inni makaroni, ruza, lukku, dhadhoo ji sogidda bita.

Isiin shunkurtaa, dinniccoo, timmaatima, roofuu ji saloothaa bitti, kanaa 01, burtukaanaa ji lhuuuhoo bitti.

Argooyaan hoolota soddami ji re' OOla afurtam qaba. Nu loowan soddami fi gaalawan kudhan qabna.

Yoo tahe, ani sa'aa boodaan dhuja.

Dhagay, boru looqanaaf mool qoppheesita? Boru laaqanaaf ruza, lukku, hulbal maraqaa fi salaathaan qoppheesa.

Isjin wadaajaaj maal qoppheesili? Isjin wadaajaaj lukku afur hoolota lamaa fi waan biraa qoppheesili.

What are you doing today? Today, I am going to the market.

Where are you going tomorrow? Tomorrow, I am going to the post office.

Where do you sleep tonight? Tonight, we sleep in the hotel.

When are you going to Qarsaa? I am going to Qarsaa today evening.

When are you going to the market? I am going to the market tomorrow morning.

Hawwiituu's parents have a big feast, that is why she buys a lot of things.

He has a restaurant, that is why he buys macaroni, rice, chicken, butter and salt.

She buys onions, potatoes, tomatoes, kale and lettuce, moreover she buys oranges and lemon.

Argaayaa has thirty sheep and forty goats. We have thirty cattle and ten camels.

If possible, I shall come tomorrow afternoon.

Listen, what do you prepare for lunch tomorrow? Tomorrow, I shall prepare for lunch rice, chicken, hulbat maraqa and salad.

What does she prepare for wadooja? She prepares for the wadaaja four chicken, two sheep and other things.

Unit 4 22 =-----------------------------------~~

Hawwiituun hojii hedduu qabdi, kanaaf Dameen isii gargaarti.

Bilisaan autobusaan Hirna deema hanaaf jarjara.

lsiin yeroo thiqqoo qabdi hanaaf jarjarti.

lsiin baaburaan Adaamaa deemti, hanaaf jarjarti.

Inni makiinaan Jimma deema hanaaf jarjara.

Amma ani hojii hedduun qaba haga ganamaa nagayatti.

Reflexive Middle Verb (part 1)

Hawwiituu has a lot of work, this is why Damee helps her.

Bilisaa goes to Hirna by bus, this is why he is in a hurry.

She has little time, this is why she is in a hurry.

She goes by train to Adaamaa, this is why she is in a hurry.

He goes to Jimma by car, this is why he is in a hurry.

Now I have a lot of work, good bye until tomorrpw.

The reflexive middle verb shows that something is being done for oneself or by oneself. It is formed by suffixing -addh to the verb root.

Simple verb + addh

bit + addh = bitaddh fid + addh = fidaddh jaar + addh = jaaraddh

buy for oneself bring for oneself build for oneself

e.g.

Isiin meeshaa ala waadaa bitatti. Inni mana haaraya jaarata.

Adverbs - Time (part 1)

She buys kitchen utensils for herself. He builds a new house for himself.

Adverbs of time in Oromo include various groups of time determinants:

a) Date ar'a - today edana - tonight born - tomorrow iJtaan - day after tomorrow

e.g. AT' a keessummaa hedduun qaba. Amma hojiin qaba booda kortu. Isiin iJtaan Hirna deemti.

amma - now boooo - afterwards, later barana - this year

Today, I have a lot of guests. Now I am busy, come afterwards. She goes to Hirna the day after tomorrow.

.ll"UK(4UIUU

------------------------~----------------------~~

b) Duration of day. ganama - mornmg sUubii - early morning waaree - noon

e.g· Inni DirTee Dhawaa ganama deema. Isiin ga/gala kitaaba dubbisuu jaalatti.

c) Days of the week (Arabic) Isniina - Monday Sa/aasaa - Tuesday Arbaa - VVednesday Kamisa - Thursday

d) Time plus a modifier torbaan dhufu - next week baatii dhuftu - next month bara dhufu - next year

guyyaa - day gal gala - evening halhan - night

He goes to Dirree Dhawaain the morning. She likes to read books in the evenings.

Jimatta (Jima' ata) - Friday Sabtii - Saturday AlhaOO - Sunday

torbaan hana - this week baatii tana - this month bara hana - this year

torbaan tokko keessarti - within one week baatii shan keessaatti - within five months bara torba keessaatti - within seven years

haga torbaan dhufu - until next week haga baatii dhuJtu - unti!' next month haga bara dhufu - until next year

e.g.

Nu torbaan dhufu hojii eegalla. Obboleessi kiyya baatii tana dhufa. Isiin torbaan tokko keessaatti Berlin Dhihaa deemei.

e) Frequency guyyaa-guyyaa - daily torbaan-torbaan - weekly baatii-baatii - monthly bara-bara - yearly

e.g.

Isiin guyyaa-guyyaatti Bishoftuu deemti. Ati hoggaa tokko-tokko nama hinyaadatu.

Inni guyyuu kubbaa miillaa tabata.

f) Interrogative yoom - when guYYaa kam - which day

VVe shall start working next week. My brother will come this month. She will go to VVest Berlin within one week.

guyyuu - everyday hoggayyuu - always yeroo hundaa - all the time hoggaa tokko-tokko - sometimes

She goes to Bishoftuu everyday. You do not remember people sometimes. He plays football everyday.

baatii tam - which month bara ham - which year

24

e.g.

Y oom laalla mana haaraya? Baatii tamitti Jimmarraa deebita?

Adverbs - Place

Unit 4

When shall we see the new house? In which month do you return from Jimma?

Adverbs of place are: asi - here, acei - there, dhihoo - near and fagoo - far, e.g.

Ibsaan asi iira. Ibsaa is here. Intaltii si biraa fagoo galtii? Does the girl live far from you?

We also have interrogative adverbs like: eessa - where, bakha ham - which place, hogam dhihoo - how near, hagam fagoo - how far, e.g.

Eessa deemuu feua? Hagam dhihoo manni postaa?

Where do you like to go? How near is the post office?

MAGAALAA

Damee: Akkam iirta? Hawwiituu: Nagaya, akham iirta J Damee: Nagaya, ar' a maal magaalaa keessaa goua? Hawwiituu: Boru warn kiyya wadaaia qaban, hanaaf waan kedduu bituu na irra iira. Damee: Maal biua? Hawwiituu: Dhadhaa, salitha, sogidda, suhara, ruza, maharoni, dinniccaa, timmatima,

shunkurtaa fi salathaa. Damee: Waan biraa maal biua? Hawwiituu: Ee, burtukaana, thuuuhoo, ambaa, anaanaas, paapaayaa fi mandirina. Damee: Dhugaatuu wadaaia guddaa! Hawwiituu: Kanaa 01, hoolota lamaa fi lukku iaha boru qaluuf qoppkeesina. Siin afeera

boru yeroo laaqanaatti kottu. Damee: Hayaa, nindhufa. Yoo takees ganama sa'aa torbaui dhufee hojii si gargaara. Hawwiituu: Akkasi, bareetfaa. Amma ninjariaraa haga ganamaa nagayatti. Damee: Haa tahu! Nagayaui.

EXERCISBS

I. Put kanaaf or kanaa 01 in the blank.

I. Diimaan mana barnootaa dhaqa .. ... dabtara, qalamaa fi waan biraa bita; 2. Mana nyaataa kana keessa hulbat maraqaa fi lukku jira ..... ruzaa fi spaageti jira; 3. Obboleessi Damee wadaajaaf nyaata hedduu qoppheesa ..... dhugaatiis qoppheesa; 4. Chaaltuun wadaa;a qabdi ..... waan hedduu bitti; 5. Abdiill

~-------------------------------------------

mana barnootaaf dabtaraa fi qalama bita ..... kitaabaas bita; 6. Warri Damee keessummaa qaban ..... waan hedduu bitani.

II. Put the appropriate form of jarjara or gargaara in the blank.

1. Isiin hojii qabdi kanaaf ..... ; 2. Isiin wadaaja qabdi kanaaf nu isi ..... ; 3. Nu hojii hedduu qabna kanaaf isaan nu ..... ; 4. Inni hojii hedduu qaba kanaaf ..... ; 5. Isaan sa'aa tokko booda Jimma deemani kanaaf ..... ; 6. Chaal-tuun hojii qabdi kanaaf inni isii .. ... .

Ill. Put the following in the spaces below: guyyuu, bara dhufu, Sabtii, Elba, boru, galgala, yoom, torbaan dhufu, acd, eessa.

1. Inni Kamisaa miti ..... dhufa; 2. Inni ..... hindhufu; 3. Dameen ..... kitaaba dubbisuu jaaiatti; 4. ... .. deemna magaaiaa? 5. Ibsaan ..... Shaggar dhaqa; 6. Baatii .. . .. Hirnaan deema; 7. Inni barnootaa isaa .. . .. fittha; 8. Manni qoriccaa kun ..... banaa; 9 ...... deemta? 10. Manni keennya ..... .

IV. Answer the following questions, e.g. Ar'a eessa deemta? (magaalaa) Ar'a magaalaan deema.

1. Boru eessa deemta? (Hirna); 2. Yoom Adaamaa deemta? (iftaan); 3. Yoom kitaaba afaan Oromo bita? (boru); 4. Yoom Argaayaan dhufa? (ar'a galgala); 5. Yoom isaan Qarsaa deemani? (edana); 6. Yoom inni mana postaa deema? (sa'aa boodaa).

V. Construct sentences using the following reflexive middle verbs, e.g. Inni kophee gurraacca bitata (bitaddha);

banaddha, baraddha, chapsaddha, darbaddha, dhagayfaddha, fidaddha, godhad­dha, gurguraddha, laaladdha, muraddha.

VI. Translate into Oromo:

I. Today, I am going to the market. 2. Damee has 'wadaaja' - this is why she buys a lot of things. 3. Argaayaa comes the day after tomorrow. 4. They are going to Adaamaa tomorrow evening. S. He has a lot of work, that is why he is in a hurry. 6. We have a lot of work, that is why they help us.

Unit 5 - Dukaana

Maal bituu fetta t Shamiza harka gabaabaa. Bifa akkami fella t Shamiza diimaan fedha. Fothaa akkami qabda t Fothaa adiin qaba. Meeqa galiin fothaa t Gatiin fothaa qarshij aJuri.

Maal bituu fetta t Kopheen fedha. Meeqa lakkowsi ked Lakkowsi kiyya afurtami lama. Meeqa gatiin kophee t Galiin kophee qarshij shantami.

Hucchuu dhiiraa qabdaa? Be, maal bituu fettat Ma'awistaan feaka. Kunoo. Meeqa galiin ma'awistaat Galiin ma' awistaa qarshii kudhashani.

Hucchuu dhalaa qabdaa t Be, maal bituu fetta t Goggiraan fedha. Kunoo. Meeqa galiin goggiraa t Galiin goggiraa qarshii diddami lama.

Akkami shamizni kuni t Shamizni kuni bareedaa.

Akkami koofoon kuni t Koofoon kuni qooqaa.

Akkami waraansileen tuni t Waraansileen tun; jabduu.

What do you want to buy? Shon sleeve shirt. Which color do you want? I want a red shirt. What kind of fothaa do you have? I have white fothaa. What is the price of the fothaa ? The price of the fothaa is four qarshii.

What do you want to buy? I want shoes. What is your number? My number is forty two. What is the price of the shoes? The price of the shoes is fifty qarshii.

Do you have men's clothes? Yes, what do you want to buy? I want a ma'awistaa. Here you are. What is the price of the ma'awislaa? The price of the ma' awistaa is fifteen qarshii.

Do you have lady's clothes? Yes, what do you want to buy? I want a goggiraa. Here you are. What is the price of the goggiraa? The price of the goggiraa is twenty two qarshii.

How is this shirt? This shirt is beautiful.

How are the trousers? These trousers are fine.

How is this belt? This belt is stron;;.

---,4kkomi shuraabni tuni? ShUraabni tuni furdoo.

Sham;zni kuni hariira moo jibrii t J(uni j;brii.

J(opheen kuni kal'oo moo plaastika? J(uni kal'oo.

Fothaan tut,i j;brii moo hariira t runi jibrii.

Waraansileen tuni plaastikaa moo kal'oot runi plaastika.

Nam;cca kana laali. Intala tana yaami. Maaliif rafta, ka';! Eessa deem ta, deebi'i! Gurbaa kana gaggeessi!

Negative Present (Imperfect)

How is this sweater? This sweater is thick.

Is this shirt silk or cotton? This is cotton.

These shoes are leather or plastic?­This is leather.

Is this fothaa cotton or silk? This is cotton.

Is this belt plastic or leather? This is plastic.

Look at this man. Call this girl. Why do you sleep, stand up! Where are you going, return! Accompany this boy!

Negative imperfect is formed by prefixing the hin-* negation marker to the sub­junctive (cf. Unit I).

e.g.

deema - go

1. hin-deem-u sg. 2. hin-deem-t-u

3. m. hin-deem-u f. hin-deem-t-u

I. pI. 2.

3.

hin-deem-n-u hin-deem-t-ani hin-deem-ani

Joolleen tunj mana bamootaa hindeemani. Innj afaan Amaaraa hinbeeku.

These children do not go to school. He does not know Amharic.

Negative imperfect is used also to express negative future together with adverbs (e.g. 'tomonow'), e.g.

Ani boru mana dhukkubsataa hindeemu. Nu boru mana dhukkubsataa hindeemnu.

I am not going to the hospital tomorrow. We are not going to the hospital tomorrow.

. .. In Oromo of Wellcgga there is an opposition between the prefix hitl- which occurs optionally ~th the present tense as emphasis marker and hi,i- (with low tone) which is obligatory with all nq:a­bve forms (Gragg 1976: 187, 188) but this does not occur in Harar Oromo.

1\10 unu: 41

e) keessa dabrtul

It means 'to have experience', 'undergo expericoce', e.g.

Inni waan heddull keessa dabre. Waan inni keessa dabre yoo dhageesse hinamantu.

f) ija namaa Seen//U

He has a lot of experience. You will not believe if you hear what an experience he had.

It means 'to get a lot of enemies', 'to have many adversaries', e.g.

If hinagarsiisiin .ja ,uvnaa seCl/ta.

Ija namaa akka Ilinseerre eegaccaa hojjaddhuu.

~) takka gayuu

Do not show off, you will get a lot of enemies. Work at the same time watching so that you do not have enemies.

It means 'to be very good in doing something', 'to excel in doing something', e.g.

Inni barnoota afaan o.011/oOli takka gaya. Diimaan kubbaa tabaccllun takka gaya.

1) harkaa balIUII

It means 'to lose something', 'to lose

Hojii gaarii argaltee si harkaa hirwahin. Iltni kee haala hamaa keessa jira, eegi yookaall si harkaa baha.

.) arraba baasllll

He is very good in the study of the Oromo language. Diimaa is very good in playing fuotball.

control over something', e.g.

You have got a good job, do not lose it. Your son is in a bad situation, watch him or you will lose control over him.

It means 'to be rude', 'to insult someone', e.g.

Imaltii tun namatti arraba baasti. This girl insults people. Nama arraba baasl'u irraa ,uvrr" Everyone distances himself from a person fagaata. who is rude.

i) wali gamll

It means 'to form a common opinion',

Mana dubbisaa 0.011/00 jaaruuf wali galle. Mana dubbisaao.omoof kennaa kitaabaa akka kenmilu wali galle.

'to understand each other', e.g.

We have agreed to build an Oromo library. We formed a common opinion that we give presents of books for an Oromo library.

,:,rrfla VQQtla

le) wa/ dhabtm

It means 'to quarrel', 'to have no mutual understanding', 'to lack agreement', e.g.

Makiinaa eeml)'ll oofa irratti wal They quarrelled on who would drive the dkaban. car. Mana haaraya yoom jaarratti wal We had no agreement on when we should dhabne. build a new house.

1) jala deernuu

It means 'to check', 'to supervise', e.g.

Hojii tana jala deerni! Amamii si irrattiin dhiis •. JooUee tee banUJota isaani yoo jala hindeernne sirraa badani.

Supervise this job! I put my confidence in you. If you do not check the studies of your childten they will get spoiled.

EXERCISES

I. Put in the spaces below the following: afurtam, wal qittha, harka qabdi, jala hindeemne, qabata, Abbaa Bokku, garaa jabaaccuun, keessa dabarte, wal fakkaatan, wali galan.

1. Dameen hojii hoddhaaf . .... . 2. Ilma kee barnoota isaa yoo ..... sirraa bada. 3. Heerri mootummaa waan afur . . . .. , 4. Mootummaan talle ummata isaa ..... laaJuu isa irra jira. 5. Naannowni Gadaa tokko bara ..... qaba. 6. Akka Sirna Gadaatti dura taa'an mootummaa ., ... ja'ama. 7. Hiriyaaf ..... gaarii miti. 8. Isiin waan hedduu ..... . 9. Sirnni Gadaa fi sirnni mootummaa demokraasii kan Europaa Dhihaa bakka

hedduutti . .... . 10. lsaan mana qoricaa jaaruuf .. . .. .

H. Fill in the blank by referring to the text 'Heera mootummaa':

Mootummaan namu akka seeraan wal qittha tahu, miilkii jireennyaa argatu, jiruu .. . .. keessatti akka dandaytii isaa qooda fuudhatu taasisa. Mootummaan tokko jiruu hawaasaa biyyaa ..... Karaan dhaabanni hawaasaa itti guddatu ..... hojii irra oolea. Sagantaa barneotaa akka fedhii ..... qoppheesee hobbaasa. Akkasumattiis mala guddina dinagdee biyyaa toleee deeminsaa isaa ... . . Iaala. Heerri mootummaa kan biraa eegillsa biyyaati. Biyya tokko waan sadiirraa eeguu ..... .

Ill. Give the appropriate adjectives according to the following pattern, e.g. Inni nama jabaa (isiin). Isiin nama jabduu. Hucchuun tuni Iaaftuu (shuraabni kuni). Shuraabni kuni Iaafaa.

I. Inni nama beekamaa (isiin). 2. Fothaan tuni adii (kofoon kuni). 3. Isiin hedduu dureettii (inni). 4. Shamizni kuni gurraacca (goggiraan tuni). 5. Inni nama gaarii (isiin). 6. Isiin nama irraanfatamtuu (inni).

IV. Construct sentences by using the following idioms: qilleensa fudhaccuu, dubbii bulcuu, garaa jabaaccuu, harkaa bahuu, takka gayuu, keessa dabruu, wali galuu, harka qabuu.

V. Translate into Oromo:

1. One 'Gadaa' cycle is forry years. 2. The principles of government are four. 3. You are very good in playing football. 4. One 'Gadaa' cycle is divided into five parts. 5. The government directs the social life of the country. 6. The government prepares educational programme according to modern needs. 7. Let us take the air. 8. You have a lot of experience. 9. A nation has various social needs.

10. They agreed to build a hospital.

Unit 22 - Seenaa Oromoo (kutaa 2)

SEENAA OROMOO

Bara dheeraaf sabni Oromoo nagayaan aadaa, dinagdee fi politikaa isaa oofuu ture. Yeroo tana keessaui diTUgdeen biyya Oromoo akka gaan'itti guddaue. Akkasumattiis aadaa fi rimn; 'f buicinsaa bal' ate. Haa tahu malee, toora jaaraa XV irralti duulli Habashaa fi Mootummaa Islaamaa owwaa deeme. Kuni saba Oromoo yaada keessa seensise. Sabni Oromoo dii,la jajjabaa kana ifirraa dhorkuuf muta-suutaan hUmlla lolaa guddisuu jalqabe. Duulaaf sab"i Oromoo hi"iarjare. Obsa wajjin duui1 Habashaa fi Mootummaa Islaamaa akeekatani eegan. Habashaa fi Mootummaan Islaamaa lafa Oromoo irraui wallolan. "Anaa fuudhata, lakki ati hinfuu­dhaw anaa fUl/dhata" ja' ani tanatti wal badan. Imaam Ahmed (GraamlY yookaan Gurreey, bara 1529-1543) biyya Habashaa akka hamaaui ehabse. Magaalota Habashaa takka-takkaan gubee nama hedduus fiuhe. Akkuma taheti, duultuun Portul;.:zal bara 1543 dhufanii Habashaa gargaaran. Imaam Ahmed lola Portugaal waiii,. godhame irraui kufe. Kana booda Amir Nu,. 1559, duultuu fi meeshaa duulaa fuudhatee Habashaa rukute. Amir Nur mootii Habashaa Galaawdiyos kan ja'amu ajjeesee nama hedduus fiuhe. Amir Nuriif waan hafte biyya Habashaa if jala buleuu. Kanaaf biyya isaaui deebi'ee namaa fi meeshaa barbaaceisu qoppheesuuf karaa ga/aa deemuu ture. Akka olitti je'ne, sabni Oromoo duula Habashaa fi Mootummaa Islaamaa eegaa ture. Hoggaa Amir Nur Hasaloo gayu duultuun Oromoo duultuu isaa mkutte. Hasalooui duultulln Moowmmaa Islaamaa hedduu dhume. Amir Nur lubbu isaa baafatee nama thiqqoo waijin Adaree-biyyoo gale. Hasaloo booda sabni Oromoo lafa isaa Habashaa, Mootummaa Islaamaa fi saba biraarraa suuta-mutaan haga jaaraa XVIII harka ifi seen­sifate.

Mul'ataa: Sabni Oromoo toora jaaraa torba - afur Hasaloo duraa fi sadii isaa booda ''yeroo dahabaa" keessa ture. Gama keettiin see7laQn dheertuU7l, lalistuun, yaada­tamtuun tuni akkamitti tahu dandeesse?

lbsaa: Be, seenaan saba Oromoo tan gaafa suni hedduu lalistuu. Seenaan gaafa mni saba Oromoof boona guddaa. Gaafii tee gabaabseen siif deebisa. Dura, waayee yeroo dahabaa seenaa Oromoo hubbaeeiisaa takka-takkaan qaba. Gama kiyyaan yeroo Hasaloo dura kutaan yeroo dahabaa toora jaaraa jaha taha je'etiin fuudhaddha. Immo kutaan Hasaloo .doodaa akkuma ati je'ete jaaraa sadii ture. Begasu ''yeroon dahabaa" seenaa saba Oromoo toora jaaraa sagal taha. Wali galatti yeroo Hasaloo dura sabni Oromoo nagayaan iimu hawaasaa isaa hamma nlalee karaa ehufaattiin tarkaanfacciise.

-----------------------------------------------------------MuI'ataa: Dhaabaddhu! Karaa chuJaattiin hoggaa ja'lu 7laai hirlgale? Ibsaa: Hayaa, iuumaa7l jira. SUUla-SUUlaa7l akkamiui jiTUU'1 hawaasaa Oromoo rarkaa,,_

Jarte ibmu yaala. Dinagdeen saba Oromoo yeroo tanalli ba!' acte Jk. harata midhaa.i ji beeladaa, harata sibiilaa ji memaa adda-addaa, horata uffaraa. Akkanaui hundee dinagdee isaani guddisan. Karaa biraas, sab7Zi Oromoo sima if bulcinslJ(j bakka namu akka dandaYlii isaauii ji beekinsa isaaui qooda Juudhalu dhaabe Hundeen sima kanaa adaba jabaa kan gamanaa-gamas hinsossone rure. Urni Oromo~ ajajaa ji aangoo uljeemu isa irra jira. Kanaa 01, sabni Oromoo lokkummaa dan/aa , lokkummaa hawwii, lOkkummaa yaadaa ji tokummaa amantii qabuu lure. Haalli akkanaa saba jabaa uuma.

MuI'ataa: Bareedaa! Yeroo Hasaloo booda maallUU take? Ibsaa: Aji, eessoo Hasaloo hingeennye, waan lakha-takkaa'l siif hima. Akkaan seenaa

Oromoo yaadaddhulli, jaaraa XIV irraa jalqabe saboonni ollaa biyya Oromoo mirqaana duulaa illi ha' e. Deeminsa yeroo keessalli duulli naannoo GaaJa Afri­kaa keessaui owwaa dhuJe. Yeroo 1529-1559 keessalli Habashaa ji Mootummaan lslaamaa wali ka'ani. Hoggaa kun hundaa lahu, sabni Oromooliis luqannlUn isaa hinhaJ'le. Hoggaa Habashaa ji MoolUmmaan lslaamaa walilli duulan ummanni Oromoo kan naannoo dirree lolaa galan hedduu midhamall. Kana malee, akha hana duraje',/e lammaanu laJa Oromoo saamuuJedhan. Kanarraa han ha'e sab7Zi Oromoo akeekaa isaa gama duulaa deebise. Salmi Oromao diina jajjabaa meeshaa duulaa !?:an baraa qaban ifi irraa dharkuuJ, dinagdee, hura bulcinsaa, bamoolaa ji jiruu hawaasaa chuJaa hUlldee duulaa irraui dhaabe.

Mul'ataa: Mee asitti siin dhaaba, dhiifama naaJ godhi. Bar, Habashaa ji Mootumma(lI. lslaamaa saba alaatuu isaan gargaare Jk. karaa meeshaa d.lUlaa han baraa ji gorsi­luu jaawwii.

Ibsaa: Akhana! Gaajiill lee akka na dhageesm jirlu na garsiisti. Laalt~ Habashaa ji Moo­tummaan lslaamaa biyya alaarraa meeshaa duulaa kan haraa argatan. Sabni Oromao isaan lammaanu dura dhaabaccuuJ waan chuJaa duulaaJ ooleuu dirqina rure. Sab7Zi Oromoo kophaa isaa gargaarsa alaa malee duule. Haala kana keessatti, n/ee daawaddhu, namu thiqqaa guddaan, harata chuJaa, yaada chuJaa, gama duulaa deebisan. Mee laali, rakkoo sabni keennya keessa dabre asi irraui hubbaddku. Ku,UJo, waan Waaqni Jedhe malee lan biraa hintaalu. Habashaa ji Mootummaan lslaamaa meeshaa duulaa kan baraa saba alagaarraa argalanili wal ruhalani wal laajisan. Sab7Zi Oromoo humna ifitliini ji Waaqa isaa wajjin Habashaa ji Mootummaa lslaamaa chabse. Alamagan! Sab7Zi Oromoo diina lammaallu arihe. biyya isaaniltigalce. AkkanaltiJedhii Waaqaaltiin sab7Zi Oromoo haqa isaa argale. Be, ummanni Oromoo, Hasaloo booda, jaaraa sadii nagayaan dabarsani.

MuI'ataa : Yaa Waaqayoo! Haalli gaaJa mni taba hinlure. Ibsaa: Maal ja'ta! Dubbiin jirrm yookaan du'a lUrte.

Maknuzaksa Oromao

I. Miilla lamaan qaba ja' ani muha lama irra hinkorani. Do only one thing at a time.

..---Ejersa qobboo dhale. . . h lie or says something impossible.

2· "fhis is said when someone makes an outrlg t cd' kunoo dirreen kmwo. . ,

3. s·ar I .' h bTty of a person - 'Here you are, prave It . This is srud to challenge tea I I Gali ja'naan hal' oon loonilli galte.

4. tually goes back to where be belongs. Everyone, even ,

EXERCISES

. 1 akka, eega, eegasu, gama, haga, I . Put the following in their appropnate P aces:

hamma, w.aayee. , 2 isii gaarii namu hinarkine; 3 . . .... as dhufe 1 blvva galte turte . ...... . .. 5

• ••••• J J G la essaan beekaan namu hinJlrn; ..... . waan hedduu bojjate;4. ..... ~ an O~i naaf himi; 7. Dameen born ... . . . . dhufu kana laall; 6 .. , ... Jaarsa S mru . daa hindhufuu ..... nu haa nyaannu; 9. aaqa .. .. . Qarsaa.do:emtl ; S .• ~; Y seenaa Oromoo hedduu dubbise; 11. Jarri . .. . . fertu sufiin kenna, .' . . . . h' b' 13 Aroma yeroon oraatee .... .

. '. 12 keennya mroo ne, . . hi deemaru eeg.,. ...... ab nama 'aaladdhu immo hinamanin; 15. Am n-

ana baa gallu 14 ... .. t e J ., di' aba 17 m . ,. '. 16 . maltuu deeme baatll sa It; ., .... be ku atl fene godhl, ., ... , I . . . e, . . . . . . IS dubbii tanaa namuuf hmhinun.

namu galu as turra, ., ....

fi' . dd\e verbs in the spaces below, e.g. n. Put the appropriate form of re eX1v~ ml Inni kitaaba afaan Oromoo . '.' .. (bit; past tense). Inni kitaaba afaan Oromoo bltate.

1 Abdiin mana baaraya ..... (jaar; present tense). 2' Chaaituun ilillii hedduu ..... (mur; present tense).

. ..' (tolc' past tense) . 3. Bornun makunaa lsaa ., . . . .'. 4. Inni kitaaba sun ..... (fuudh; Jusslve).

b (gurgur' past tense). 5. Wadaay una .... · ..... ~ 6. Dameen hojii isii ..... (1IJJIII; past len~e).

b· (kaay' JusSlve) 7 Meesbaa isaa na lIa ... ·· , . S· Nu afaan Oromoo ..... (bar; present tense). 9' Isiin dubbii tana guyyuu ., ... (yaad; present t)ense).

10' Isin rakkoo ifumaaf ..... (uum; present tense.) . h ~ (beessis' past tense.

11. Isaan born akka a1an.···· ..' . . e 12 Ati hojii tee kophaa . . .. , (deems.us; Imperatlv ).) 13' Dameen joollee lama ..... (guddis; pres~nt tense. 14: Shaahii if biratti ..... (dhihees; imperative).

h (ban' past tense). 15. Inni dukaana aaraya..... . ' .

16 Inni raadiyoo isaa ..... (tolc; Jusslve). ) . I d (bit· past tense J;1eg ..

17. Chaaituun ~eesh.aa a a . w.aa aa . '(~~I~' pr;sent tense neg.). IS Ibsaan makimaa Isaa aSlt!1 . . . . . '. )

. 'furnaaf (uum' imperative neg .. 19. lsin rakkoo I . . . . . ,

--------------------------------------20. Damee fi Hawwiituun boru akka hafen ..... (beessis; past tense neg.).

UI. Fill in the blanks by referring to the text:

Bara dheeraaf sabni Oromoo nagayaan aadaa, dinagdee fi ..... isaa oofuu ture Yeroo tana keessatti dinagdeen biyya Oromoo akka gaariitti ...... Akkasurnattii' aadaa fi sirnni if bulcinsaa . . .... . s Haa tahu malee, toora jaaraa XV irratti duulli Habashoa fi Mootummaa Islaatnaa ..... deeme. Kuni saba Oromoo . .... keessa seensise. Sabni Oromoo diina jajjabaa kana ifirraa dhorkuuf suuta-suutaan ..... lolaa guddisuu jalqabe. Duuluuf sabni .... : hinjarjare. Obsa wajjin duula Habashaa fi Mootummaa Islaamaa ..... eegan. · Habashaa fi Mootummaan Islaamaa ..... Oromoo irratti wal lolan. "Anaa fuudhata, lakki ati hinfuudhatu anaa fuudhata" ja'ani tanatti wal badan.

IV. Answer the following questions from the text:

I. Yoom duulli Habashaa fi Mootummaa Islaamaa owwaa deeme? 2. Maa! irratti Habashai fi Mootummaan Islaamaa wal lolan? 3. Bara kamitti Imam Ahmed Habashaa chabse? 4. Humna Europaa kamituu Habashaa gargaare? 5. Eennyu bara 1559 itti biyya Habashaa rukute? 6. Eennyutuu' mootii Habashaa Galaawdiyos ajjeese? 7. Essatti loltuun Amir Nur rukutaman? 8. Eennyu loltuu Amir Nur Hasaloo irratti rukute?

V. Construct sentences by using the following: hedduu, seenaa, hundee, saba, duula, yaada, seensisa, jaara, ibsa, guddaccuu, deebisuu, maraccuu, rukutuu.

VI. Translate into Oromo:

1. Here I have one remark. 2. The cause of the war between Abyssinia and the Islamic state was the fertile

land of the Oromos. 3. The land returned to the owner. 4. Imam Ahmed burned several Abyssinian towns. 5. Please explain it to him. 6. The history of the Oromo nation of those days was a flourishing one. 7. Wait, I am just doing that. 8. In the 1529-1559 peried the Abyssinians and the Islamic state clashed. 9. Excuse me! I did not want it.

10. Oh God! The situation in those days was not an easy one.

Unit 23 - Buna Qalaa

BUNA QALAA

Aatiaa Oro",oo keessatti Buna Qalaan bakka guddaa qaba. Ayyoona Oro",oo chufaarroo Buna Qaloon dura dhufa. "Bunni ketlnaa Wooqooti; Bunni mayra Wooqni eebbise" ja'an Oromoonni. Bakka Buna Qaloon jiru kadhoo jira. Buna Qaloo jeccuun kadhaa jeccu. Kadhaan Wooqa biratti nu dhiheesa. Oromoonni kadhoo Buna Qalootti Waaqayoon joollee, horii, fi midhaan akka isooniif kennu kadhatan. Kana malee, hoggaa fuudhaa, jabbiin dhalatee fi jaartiin dhaluu geesse buna qalan. Buna qalame jara mana ayyaanfatuu keessa galan hundaaf hirama. Akkasumattiis, buna qalame olloof hiruu barbaaccisa. Akka amantii Oromooitti buna qalame olloof hiruun warn Buna qalee akka 01100 isaani waiiin nagayoon iirootan gargoora. Kanoo 01, buna qalame olloof hiruun eebba Wooqarroo argatan akka hiratan lakkaawama. Hoggoo koosa thitthiqqaatti buni qalame hira",u, namu harka lammoon fuudhaccoo akkanatti eebbisa: "Kuma horoo, kuma bobboosaa".

KADHAA

Ummanni Oromoo, u"m/ata Wooqa uifeesuu fi Waaqa sodaatu. Namni Oromoo guyyuu hoggaa dubbatu, hoggaa hoiiatu, hoggoo imaltuu deemu, Wooqa isaayaadata. Fakkeennyoof, "Yoo W ooqni ie' e boru Jimmaan deema"; "W ooqoo beeka"; "Y 00 W ooqayoo na qacheelci"; "Wooqayoo nagayaan na galci", ie'e Waaqa isaa yaadata. BU'1a Qalaatti kadhaa adda­-addaa godhama. Kadhoon tokko isaan keessaa akkana ja' a:

Yaa Waaqayoo kall nagayoon nu bulcitee nagayaan nu oolci; Horii qabnu bara-baratti nu bobboosisi; Waan faccaasne nu magarsi; Joolleen teennya akka warra awwaalan godhi; Hamoo nurraa qabi, nagaya nu buusi!

Kana malee, Oromoonni Wooqa isooniif kadhoo gargaroo qodhan. Kadhaa sadii kan Tushek irraa filne dhiheesina*.

a) Y 00 W ooqayoo, yoo hamoon natti dhufee akka mukkni aduu narroo qabz/ atiis hamaa narraa qabi; gooftaa kiyya gaaddisa noof tahi.

b) Nama hamaa fi goorii hi,zbeenneeti itti hinloolin; yoo goofa tokko beekee goofa biraa beekuu dide isoo!uu hamaa, isa akka fette godhi.

* C. Tut sche k, A Grammar of the Galla language, Munich 1845: 84-88.

uu umt ~.1

c) Yaa Waaqayoo, kan nagayaan na oolcitee nagayaan na bulci. Gooftaa gooftaa hinqabne si make iabaan hinjiru. Harka lue ia/aan oola, harka kee ialaan bula; siituu haad";' riyya siituu abbaa kiyya.

EEBBA

Ummanni Waaqa ulfeesu, kan akka Oromoo, eebbaaf gatii hedduu kennan. Hundeen eebbaa akkana fakkaala: Namni lokko CA) nama biraaliifCB) saaqa malee hoiiale;yookaan waan lake kenneef haa ia'nu. Namicci CA) galii hojii isaa yookaan galii meeshaa isaa namicca CB) irraa hinargalu ieccuu. Immo namicci CB) galii hojii yookaan galii meeshaa namicca CA) kan isaaf baasee akka Waaqarraa argalu iui hima. Jecca biraauiin, eebbii waan namni lokko nama biraa Waaqayoon gaarummaa isaa laale (chaalaui) akka deebi­suuf ia' ama.

Akka aadaa Oromooui eebbii lufraa waiiin kennama. Eebbii lakka-Iakka akkana:

A) Ma1/guuddoon hoggaa iool/ee eebbisan akkana ia'an "WaaqayoolZ si haa guddisu"~' "Waaqayoon bakka guddaa,. si haa gayu"; "Waaqni waan hamaa sirraa haa qabu" J"

B) Hoggaa abbaa fi haalli ioollee isaani eebisan akkana ia'an -"Deemi chufrii siif haa eehamtu"; "Waan feue chufa siif haa laaw"; "Waan qabdu fi bakki ijauu chufa siif haa 10Icu"; "Waaqni waa,. lwrlu siif haa guddisu"; "Waaqni waan fachaaslee si.! haa magarsu";

C) Y 00 namni lokko nama biraa kan rakkale gargaaree, ka" gargaarame mn akkana ie'e eebbisa -"A boo, rakkoorraa si !zaa baasu"; c'Hamaa'l si hinargati't,")" "HawfJliill Tee sill haa guutamtu",; "Waaqni iiTUU kee haa dkeeresu"; "Waaqni waan qabduui ,iif haa ida'u"; "Waaqni nagaya siif haa kennu";

D) Akkasumauiis namoonni Waddaaiaaf afeeraman akkana ia'ani _ "Mana quufaa haa rahu"; "Kan baranaa kan bara heegaree"; "Bara-baraan si haa gayu",; "Waaqni kadhaa kee si haa dhagayu"; "Waaqni si haa arraramu"; "Waaqnj fedhij kee siif haa guutu".

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KAKUU

Aadaa Oromoollj kakuun bakka C',ddaa labala. Gosni kakuu hedduu; isaan keessaa takka-_lakka dhiheesina: .

a) Kakuu mgaa

Hoggaa namni IOkko ragaa bahuuf mana seeraalli dhihaaru kakuu ragaa fuudhala. Fk. "An, Boru Roobaa, dubbii tana irralli dhugaa himu.if dhihaaddha; dhugaa malee yoolI kijiba himee Waaqni na haa balleesu", ie'e kakala.

b) Kakku Abbaa Gadaa

Hoggaa namni biyya-bu/caa yookaan abbaa-seeraa tahe filamu Iwjij isaa akka gaariiuii fi akka haaqaan oofu, ummala isa filani.! kakuu seena. Fk. sirna Gadaalri, namicci Abbaa Gadaa take filamuu kakuu Abbaa Gadaa fuudhata. Kakuun akkana:

"An, Abbaa Gadaa, Biyya Oromoo diinarraa eeguuf, Seem Biyya Oromoo sirriiui deemsisuuf, Dinagdee Biyya Oromoo guddimuf, Aadaa, afaani fi amanrii Oromoo bal'imuf, Sin",i Gadaa akka daran lalisuu godhuuf, Da1!dayrii fi humna kiyya dantaa Biyya Oromoof akkaan ooleuu, Kana bakkaan gayuuf, Waaqayoo na gargaaril"

c) Kakuu WalaabuTll1l1aa

Haa ia'nu, Ormi lokko waliui dhufani waan iabaa tokko hojiaccuuf hoggaa wal tahan, miseet.sii takka-takkaan kakuu seenan. Fk. Guuza dhaabuuf, hojii dinagdee ialqabuu/, bilisummaa biyyaatiif duuluu fkf. miseetlsii chufaa kakuu seenan. Yeroo IOkko, eeguma biyyrii Oromoo Habashaan saamamte booda, iarri lokko waliui dhufanii waayee bilisumTllaa biyya Oromoo dubbatatl. Jarri sun mootummaa Habashaa ifirraa kaamu fi akkammattiis jiTUU isaani bilisummaa biyya Oromoof akka hoijatan wal tahanii kakuu waliif seenan. Kakuu isaaniin "Kakuu walaabummaa" ia'anii maqaa baasaniif. Kakuun walaabummaa akkalla:

"Maqaa fi fedhii Waaqayoottiitll 1 1 An, Ibsaa Mul' alaa, Aadaa Oromootii fi afaan Oromoo 0/ kaasuuf, Boona, namummaa fi ifummaa Oromoolaa deebimuf, Biyytii Oromoo akka biyya Oromoo akka taatu godhuuf, Haaqtli Oromoo akka bakka isiilti dhuftuuf, Dandaytii, beekinsaa fi humna kiyyaan, Bilisummaa biyya Oromoof hoiiaccuuf, Fedhii kiyyaan murtii kutaddke ka'ee hidhaddhe, Kana hobbaasuuf, Waaqayoo na gargaaril! I"

110 Uf'IIl 2.j

EXERCISES

I. Put the following in the spaces below: gatii, bakka; Waaqa, eehamtu, tuftaa, dura, hawwiin, baasuu, kakuun, gargaari.

1. Aadaa Oromoo keessatti Buna qalaan ..... guddaa qaba. 2. Ummanni Oromoo ummata ... " soddaatu. 3. Ummanni Waaqa ulfeesuu eebbaaf ..... hedduu kennan. 4. Aadaa Oromooti eebbii ..... wajjin kennama. 5. Deemi, ehuftii siif haa ..... . 6. Ayyaana Oromoo ehufaa irraa Buna qalaan ..... dhufa. 7. Aboo, rakkoorraa si haa ..... . 8. Aadaa Oromootii fi afaan Oromoo 01 kaasuuf Waaqayoo na ..... . 9. . .... tee siif haa guutamtu.

10. Aadaa Oromooti ..... bakka guddaa qaba.

H. Give the negative forms of the verbs in subjunctive tense, e.g. Ibsaan akka dhufu dhagaye. Ibsaan akka hindhufne dhagaye.

1. Inni hoggaa rafu deemi. 2. Isiin akka dhuftu itti himani. 3. Bilisaan boru akka Jimma deemu godhani. 4. Dameen hoggaa barnoota fitthu nu bira hojjatti. 5. Inni akka born galgala makiinaan deebi'u dhagaye. 6. Ibsaa fi Hawwiituun hoggaa Hirna dhagan isin gaafatani.

HI. Answer the following questions from the text:

1. Aadaa Oromoo keessatti maaltuu bakka gudda qaba? 2. Buna qalaa jeccuun maali? 3. Yoom Buna Qalaa godhani? 4. Kadhaan eessa nu dhiheesa? 5. Buna qalame eennyuuf hirama? 6. Hoggaa Buna qalame hiramu akkam ja'ani eebbisan?

IV. Construct sentences by using the following in imperative negative: ulfeesuu, sodaaccuu, tabaccuu, kadhaccuu, dhiheesuu, yaadaccuu, fuudhaccuu, filuu, tahuu, godhuu, baasuu, laaluu.

V. Translate into Oromo:

1. 'Buna qalaa' plays an important place in the Oromo culture. 2. The Oromo people revere God. 3. Oh God, save us from difficulties . . 4. People who revere God attach great value to blessings. 5. May God give you long life!

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6. 'Buna qalaa' means a prayer. 7. A prayer takes us to God. 8. God knows! 9. Let God fulfil your wishes.

10. Oh God! Lead me!

Unit 24 - Seenaa Oromoo (kutaa 3)

SEENAA OROMOO

Humnni politikaa Oromoo, duula Hasaloo booda, headult jabaate. Gaafa Afrikaa keessatti "umni jaawwii Oromoo biyya ehufaa irra jabaa IIIre. Humnni jaawwii nagaya fide . Kanaaf, dinagdeen Oromoo guddaceaa deemte. Sabni Oromoo, Hasaloo booda, bara dhibba

sadii nagayaan dabarse. Haa tahu malee, biyytii quufa qabdlt ija namaa Izarkisti. Misra, Habashaa fi Somaaleen jiM'U fi Izorii Oromooti hinaafu turan. Akkasumatliis hllmnoonni Europaa kan akka Fraan­saa, Thaalyaalli, Inglizi fi Russiyaa biyya Oromoo kajeeluu turan. Humnoon"i Europaa beekaa Habashaan biyya Oromoo akka saamtu itti dhiisall. Habashaan, bara 1881-1899 keessalti biyya Oromoo e"inaa guddaa isaa saamte. Chillaa hafe Ingliziin saamte. Asj irratti gaafii takkaa dhufa: "Akkamitti Habashaall biyylii thiqqoon Oromoo biyya guddoo saamuu dandeesse" ? Deebisaan gaafii tanaa akkana: "Habashaan biyya Oromoo fi biyya saba biraafk. Hadiyaa, Kanbaataa, Darasaa, Walaayitaa saamlm kml dandeesse gargaarsa humna alaattiini. Humnoonni Europaa (Fraansa, Ingl;;"i, Thaalyaani fi Russiyaa) meeshaa duulaa gurguraniij. Meeshaa duulaa wajjin gorsituu fi barsiislUu jaawwii ElIl"Opaarraa dhufeef. Kanaaf, Habashaan biyya Oromoo fi biyya saba biraa qabaeeull dandeesse. Kana malee, bara dheeraa keessatti ummanni Oronwo laga-Iagaan walirraa fagaatalli galalli, kanaaf head"u wal quba hinqabani. Hoggaa Habashaan kltlaa biyya Oromoo lokko rukulllt kutaan biraa hindirmaneefi. Kanaa acci, Habashaan kutaa biyya Oromoo lOkko011 kutaa biyya Oromoo biraa rukuciiste. Rakkoon biraas, sirnni Gadaa biyya Oromoo keessaW (bakka hedduutti) yaraceaa deemuu ture. Kuniis hll1nna jaawwii Oromoo akka hamaatll dhaddhabsiise. Ummanni Oromoo, eega jaaraa tokko, mootummaa dlzabeermyarraa kan ka'e bakka-bakkalti kukkutamani, faffacchaa'ani, wal wallaalani jirani.

A. Maali qilthummaa sabaa jeccuun? .. B. Qitthummaa sabaa jeecuun akkalra: salmi lOkko yoo jiruu hawaasaa isaa (polltlkaa,

dinagdee fi aadaa) ijumaaf oofuu dandaye sabni sun saba biraa wajjin qitthummaa qaba ja'na. Karaa biraattiin qitthummaa sabaa jeecuun sabni tokko walaabummaa

qaba jeecuu. Sabni walaabummaa qabuu saba biraa wajjin wal qittha. Sabni wa/aiJ­bummaa qabuu fi sabni walaabummaa hinqabne wal qilthaa mili.

A. Maaltuu taha hoggaa sabni tokko hll1nnaan saamamuu? . B. Sabni hunmaan saamame, dura, duullllun biyya alaa dhuftee llama isaa headuu fitlhl.

Lammeessaa, nama hayyuu tahe hundaa fk. abbaa seer·aa, abbaa qorieeaa, abbaG seenaa, qaaluu, ogeessa, guurani fitthani. Sadeessaa, duultuun biyya alaa waa" hundaG diigdi: mana, eeruu, dhaabata dinagdee. Akkanaltii, sabni saamame namni hedd"U irraa dhuma, jiruun isaatiis aaaraa taati.

Jur,uu vromoo (RIIlDa .1) 121

A. Sabtli saamame, saamamuu isaa yookaan saba biraa jala buluun isaa aslhaan maali? B. Be, sabni saamame asthaa sadii agarsiisa: alaabaa biyya alaa, bulcaa biyya alaa fi

duultuu biyya alaa tan biyya isaa irratti qubballe. Asthaall biraa, sabni saamame aadaa, amantii fi afaan isaa akka hinguddamre godhama. Yeroo gabaabduu keessaui aadaa fi afaan saba saamame baduu dandaya. Akkasumalliis, sabni saamame dinagdeen biyya isaa harka nama alaa keessa seellli.

A. Akkamilti sabni saamanre walaabnmmaa argata? B. Sabni saamame walaabummaa argaccuu dandaya yookaan hindandayu. Yaada walaa­

bummaa argaeeuu hindandayu kall ja'uun haa eegallu. Sabni saamame tokkc yoo saamamuu isaa wallaale walaabummaa isaa deebifaccuuf hindandayu. Sabni hinwarraaljlre walaabummaa h;nargaw. Yeroo takka booda sabni hundumaa lafarraa dhabamuun isaa nimala. Yaanni lammeessaa, sabni saamame tokko walaabummaa dhabuuII isaa karaa hundatti yoo illi dhagayame rakkilUJ saamamuu irraa bahUllf dhihaate. Kana booda sabni saamame saba isa saame ifirraa kaasa.

A. Akkamitti saba IOkko karaa walaabummaatti qacheelcani? B. Karaan walaabummaa hedduu. !saan keessaa karaa lamaan siif hima. Tokko, ummata

saba saamame kakkaasuu fi dammaqsull. Nama kakkaasuuf afaan, aadaa fi se",raa saba sulli barsiisuu barbaaceisa. Kana itti aane heddullmmina sabaa fi teessoo isaa beessisull. Karaa'IJ lammeessa, sabni saamame saba isa Saa'flle t'rratti ka'uu. Sab1Ji saamame tokko yoo ka'e dubbiin dhumte. Sabni walaabummaa isaa argaceuzif ka'e hll1mllli isa deebistu hilljirtu.

A. Akkamitti sablli saama",e gargaarsa alaa malee harka qullaall diina meeshaa duulaa kan baraa qabu ifirraa kaasa?

B. Sabtli saamame tokko humnni isaa "Warraaqsa" jeeculm saamamuu diduu. Seenaa namaa keessalli dUlIlli walaabummaa harka qullaan eegalama. Humlllli lolaa suuta­-sul/laan jabaara. Yeroo ammaa tull nama saamameef miilkii gaar;i kenniti. Oduu •• bakka takkatti taate daftee addunnyaa hundaa waliin gees';. Kanaaf sabni saamame ummata addunnyaaf odUll rakkoo isaa yoo dhiheese bu'aa guddaa argata: gargaarsa meeshaa adda-addaa, ;rkina baqatuuf, ;rkina dultltuuf fi waan kana fakkaatu.

ODAA*

Chaayaa Oromootaa, teessoo kora guddaa Kan abbootii keennyaa, gaafa sirna Gadaa Si ;rralli dhiijall1re, seenaa keennya hzmdaa labeesi nuun eegi, galma keermya Odaa.

Tokkolleen hinbadin, seenaan keennya duri Kan Madda Walaabuu, kan Laga Mormori H eeri Odaa N abee, kall hillqabne th,mi Gurguruuf jzjjiiruu, hindandeesu bari.

* Barmoota Afaan Oromoo, kan nama gurguddaa, k. 2, 1980: 61.

VI ... ' .. ..,.

Ha=ii Oromootaa, balace,," tokkummaa Bakka murtii heeraaJ, seera wal qitthummaa Hundee jiruu keennyaa, gaa<idisa namummaa Akeeka warraaqaa, galiin bilisummaa.

H ammam J agaanullee, hammam sirraa turruu Atu" hinjijjiiramtuu, nutiis sinjijjiiruu Jiruu lubbuu teennyaaJ, ie'ne singurgurru Nu gaaJaccuuJ taa' a, seenaan guyyaa boruu.

Makmaaksa Oromoo

1. Dhadhaan garaa saree hinbulu. This is used to describe a person who cannot keep secrets.

2. Ollaan bulte beeka, akkatti bule abbaatuu beeka. No one knows the difficulties of a person better than the person concerned.

3. Diddu diddiimatti, sagaZ,in akaaJe. This is applied by a person who gives lame excuses for his failures.

4. Haqni aJaan qaban Junnyaaniin thitthiitha. It is difficult to hide the truth for long time.

I. Match A and B:

A I. Oromoon lafa isii hundaa

EXERCISES

2. Misraan horii Oromooti hinaafu 3. Biyytii quufa qabdu ija namaa 4. Habashaan ummata Oromoo tokko kan biraattiin 5. Humnoonni Europaa biyya Oromoo kajceluu 6 .. Somaaleen haala qilleensa biyya Oromootti 7. Oromoonni laga-Iagaan walirraa fagaatani 8. Habashaan biyya Oromoo gargaarsa alaattiin 9. Miseensi dhaabata baranuu asitti

10. Biyytii Oromoo

11. Fill in the blanks by referring to the text:

B a. deebiste b. wal wallaalan c. hinaafti d. turte e. harkisti f. saamte g. rukucciiste h. turan i. gabbattuu j. wal gayani

Humnni ..... Oromoo, duula Hasaloo booda, hedduu jabaare. Gaafa Afrikaa keessatti humnni jaawwii Oromoo ..... chufaa irra jabaa ture. Humnni jaawwii ..... fide. Kanaaf, dinagdeen Oromoo guddaccaa ...... Sabni Oromoo, Hasaloo booda, bara dhibba .... . nagayaan dabarse.

Ill. Fill in the blanks with the following: dura, booda, guyyuu, inumaa, fagoo, asi.

1. Amma, inni yeroo hinqabu ..... telefona godhaaf. 2. . .... hojii kana fitthne booda sinemaa deemna.

3. Isaan ..... foon dheedhii nyaaceuu jaalatani. 4. Nu sijaaraa ..... aarsine hinbeennu. 5. Isiin ..... kitaaba afaan Oromoo dubbisti. 6. Warri kun mana ifi jaaruuf . .... : . yaada hinqabani. 7. Inni ..... kubbaa miillaa tabaccuu jaalata. B. Isaan mana jiran ..... dhufani. 9. Manni kee ..... irraa hammam fagaata?

10. Hawwiituun si biraa . ... . g>llti.

IV. Clange the following verbs into negative forms, e.g. Kalee, inni Hirna deeme. Kalee, inni Hima hindeernne.

1. Ibsaan kitaaba sadii bite. 2. Obboleettiin tiyya gama magaalaa demte. 3. Dheengadda, Hawwiituun burtukaana gurgurte. 4. Wadaay mana haaraya kan qooda shan qabu ifiif jaare. 5. Baatii dabre, inni waldaya keessan seene. 6. Dameen seera baratte.

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V. Construct sentences using the following: guddisuu, quufa, deebifaccuu, hinaafuu, kajeeluu fagaaccuu, irraanfaccuu, beeladaa, midhaan, gorsituu, lola, wal wallaaluu, wal quba qabuu, guyyuu, fagoo.

VI .. Translate into Oromo:

1. The Oromo people live wide apart. 2. I did not understand, please repeat it. 3. This is nothing, it is my job. 4. Tomorrow, I want to go to Jimma by aeroplane. 5. My brother studies in London. · 6. You helped me a lot, thank you and good-bye.

Unit 25 - Mana postaa

MANA POSTAA

A. Thalay(l(J fJiyya Irlglizirti erguun Jedha. A,chaall thalaY(l(J meeqa. B. TJzalay(l(J thayaar(l(J, thalayaa d<Jji1lSaa, thalayaa amaanaa keessaa kam Jetta? A. Ani thalayumaan erguu Jedha. Gosa thalayaa ati ia'tu hinbeeku. Mee waan isaan

tahan naaJ ibsi. B. Thalayaa thayaaraa akkuma maqaall himu c!ralayaa thayaaraan ergamtu. Thalayaan

thayaaraa thalayaa baaburaa fi markabaan deemtu irraa daJtee Juudhataa gee,si. Thalayaall dafinsaa thalayaa hedduu daJtee Juudhataa geessu. Thalayaan amaanaa harka Juudhataatti kennamti. KanaaJ wanti hedduu iabduu thalayaa amaanaan ergamli.

A. !sill fJiratti kicaaba 'lamaaJ erguu njndandayaa? B. Be, nu biratti kitaabaa fi waan biraa fJiyya keessaa fi biyya alaatti erguu tiandeena. A. Saaqa namaaf dabarsuu nindandayaa? B. Be, saaqa nama taheeJ dabarsuu dandeessa. [mmo, saaqa dabarsaan biyyuma keessaaj

qoJa gOllna. A. Mee thalayaa tanaaJ a$lhaa thalayaa kan thalayaa thayaaraaJ lahu naaJ kenni. B. Kunoo asthaan. Gatiin qarshii ,adii. Thalayaa, sanduqa thalayaa diimaa keessatti

kaayi. A. Hayaa, kUlIOO qarshii sadii. Sanduqni hiJa magraa thalayaa biyya kamiij talla? B. Sanatlqni blja magraa Ihalayaa hiyya keessaaJ taka. A. Gargaarsa naaf kenniteeJ galata. Nagayatti.

DHAAMSA TELEGRAAMAA

Maamila: Dhaamsa telegraamaa tokko011 Berlin Dhihaatti erguu Jedha. Ar' a dura dhaamsa teiegraamaa erge hi,rbeeku, mee naaJ himi maal godhu" na irra iira?

Abbaa postaa: Asitti maqaa fi teessoo tee guutti. Aeeiui maqaa teessoo dhaamsa Juudhataa guutti. Jidduutti dhaamsa kee qubee gurguddoon akka rakkoo malee dubbata­muti barreessi. Haganuma!

Maamila: Kunoo guute. Dhaamsi kun yoom Berlin Dhihaa gaya? Abbaa postaa: Boru dhaamsi kee Berlin Dhihaa gaya. Yoo teessooll ali kennite gaarii

tahe dhaamsi telegraamaa sa' aa kudha/ama keessaui dhaamsa Juudhataa fJira gaya. KallaaJ humm(l(J hinyaadin.

Maamila: Akkami, dhaamsa fJiyya teetlllya keessattiis erguu lIindandayaa? Abbaa postaa: Be, dhaamsa biyya ceennya keessauiis erguu dandeessa. Akkumaall reefuu

ie'e, waan hundarraa teessoo dhaamsa Juudhataa akka gaariiui kennuu bar­baaccisa.

~---------------------}AaaIDila: Meeqaall baasa?

bbaa postaa: Qarshi; aJurtam. . ~aamila: Ku,1OO saaqn;. GargaarsaaJ galata, nagayattl .

Wadaay Elamoo P.O.Box 2845 Baabilee 0067 Elba, 7, 1987

Galaan! . 1la all. Waall hundarraa suuraa sadi; Akkam iirta, thalayaa fi kemlaa naaf erg.te ga;:. . y--~-noo !redduu baaddhatall.

. I1 k ennyaa hedduu na gammacCllSall. """" . Rail gaafa JOO ummaa . e ke I'" na haarayaa tarkaanfatte. Natti mul'am Akkaall thalayaa teetlrraa bee IOJ"n ma

. .. 'abaaddhu mirqaa/la all k~essa JlTtu, ) . . abbaan kiyya hiniiru, anaatuu oofa. Kana malee, Baam /ana hoJlzn faabnkaa sallthaaif dadda'ee bituu na irra iira. Akka arkiluli asl sossohu a//Una yeroo looza haaman. Kanaa ~,

hindandayu. . "addha Kilaaba waayee "Seetl(J(J Oromoo" kall afam. Galaall! Waall wkkooll SI gaaJ' '.

Oromootti barreefame SUIl mee naaf ergt. 'if A . nu fJiraa waanfeuu, hinqaanfa-Thalayaa tana waijin meeshaa lakka-takkaall SII erge. SI

ttini naaf barreessii siifiill erga. . Galaan, hagaan SI'rraa dhagayuu, nagayam.

Hiriyaan kee, Wadaay

Galaan Boru" P.O.Box 7810 K01IIbolea 0186 Elba, 28, 1987

Wadaay! . alata hedduu Waa gammade, Akka .. t thalayaa fi meeshaa 'l(J(Jj erglle na gayall, g .

m JIT a, . h . k Y 00 gaarii meeshaall na gayan. mee,haa elektrikaa "" bira mar ~.u. er Wadaa orsaa fi gargaarsa kee malee silaa Baalii dhuftu, ",anni qopphaawe ll/IIU seern;,' h. r :Y;'}aaliin ieecuu dandaya "Akka na mana kiraa keessaa bahuutJ manaama ta e .. aJa. "

.. . h .. . t hundaa Slif haa guutu . qubacciiste allls Waaq'" awwlI ee .. . h' .Lubbanne Mana haaraya lwggaall

h b b 'su akka gaan.ttz "'" . Haga ammaa, mees aa na ar ~c'.. . . seene booda waal! na barbaaeClsu Slift'" barr~e:::. .f me torbaan dabre siij erge. Dhihootti Kitaaba afaall Oromoo kall afaan Oromoottl rreeJa

akka si gay" abdiill qaba. _~ __ . /. takka akka aadaa fJiyya tee1l1.yaatti Wadaay, mana haaraya hoggaan seenu waaWJIl t nqoo

qopph~suu~ yaada. Guyyaan wadaaja godhu thalayaattiin si bemisa. Ati malee wadaa' . wadaaJa hmtahu. Warra keessaniif hundoo nagava naaif"dab ." . gilt " " " " " " ars •. lVagayalt!.

DUMBBUSHEE GALA'

Wahiin si goofaddhaa gargari noof baastoo Demma ati kan kee naafi dhangalaastaa

Ala-ala Dumbbushee gala si anOOll galoo Abad sirraanhafu SU//la foonaan galoo Amat dabr"m dhufe si abdaddhel!1l dhufee Abad sirroon hafu suma faanoon galoo

Qoomn' qorrel!1l qabu mooliif qorrifattoo Na beeku baatiulee natna odeefattoo

Ala-ala Dumhbushee gala si anaatl galoo Amat dabrel!1l dkufe si abdaddhel!1l dhufee Abad sirroon hafu suma foonOOll galoo

Uumaa fi guyyoon eessoo lakkawamtu Dardarummoon keennya eessoo as dhiibamtu Gooytee kadhoon kiyya si bira beekamoo KadhOOtl onnee kiyyoo sitti olkl!1lnatnoo

Ala-ala Dumbbushee gala si anaan galaa Abad sirroon hafu suma foonaan galoo A mat dabreen dhufe si abdaddhel!1l dhufee Abad sirrOOll hafu suma foonoon galoo

Gooytee yoonni kiyya si bira beekatnoo Kadhoon onnee kiyyaa siui olkennamoo Hulooni samiidhoo akkatti banamtu Kadhoon onnee kiyyoo sitti olkennamtu

Ala-ala Dumbbushee gala si anaan galoo Abad sirroon hafu suma faanaan galoo Amat dabrel!1' dkufe si abdaddhel!1' dhufee Abad sirroon hafu sutna faanaatl galoo

Makmooksa Oromoo

1. GOOtlgel!11 haada kute ja'naan ijituu gabaabsite ja'an.

Hiriyaan kee Galaan '

This IS srud when a perso d hi . noes somet ng that worsens his condition or takes an action that fires hack.

'* This is a traditional song. and we have here a v . b . (cf. ' P4riJaani dabbaalaa by th . enlon y Ab Shabboo a known Oromo pop singer

e same 9Jnger page 58). . . .

--- - ----2. Ilmi bofoo buutii.

It is said when the son becomes worse than his father. 3. Farda abbaan dikeen darbate ormi dhagoon darbata.

If a person treats his own things badly, others will treat them even worse. 4. Joorsa ambaa goorii irra jaarsa iji hamaa wayya.

One ought to like what one has and not what the neighbour has. S. Garoon muranTUJO hinqabne diina abbooti.

It is said to tell people that indecision is harmful. 6. Woo beeketi Rabbiin bofa miilla dhorke.

This is used against a person who is potentially dangerous but lacks the power to

hurt people. 7. Kan ayyoo fuudhe naa abboo.

This is used to remind people to accept the authority of anyone in power. 8. Waroobeesi jarjaroon gaafa looni chiniine.

Haste makes one lose a golden opportunity.

EXERCISES

1. Jeccoota kana bakka duwwaatti guuti: jalabarreessi, jira, guuti, fuudhataa, dandaya, erguun, thalayaa, qarshii, asthaa, namaaf.

1. Asitti maqaa fi teessoo tee ... . . ; 2. Mee naaf himi maal godhuu na irra ..... ; 3. Gara mirgaatti ..... ; 4. Accitti maqaa fi teessoo dhaamsa ..... guuti; 5. Dhaamsa telegraamaa tokkoon London itti ..... fedha; 6 ...... biyya Jarmanitti erguun fedha; 7. Kunoo ., ... thalayaa thayaaraa; 8. Gatiin ..... shani; 9. Kennaa biyya alaatti erguuf akkamittiin ..... ; 10. Isin biratri kitaaba ..... erguu nindandayaa?

11. Jeccoota barreefamsa keessaan bakka duwwaa guuti:

Asitti maqaa fi .... . tee guutti. Accitti maqaa teessoo ..... fuudhataa guutti. Jidduutti dhaamsa kee ..... gurguddoon akka rakkoo malee dubbatamuti barree­ssi. Haganuma! Born dhaamsi ..... Berlin Dhihaa gaya. Yoo teessoon ati ..... gaarii tahe dhaamsi telegraamaa sa'aa kudhalama keessatti dhaamsa fuudhataa bira gaya. Kanaaf hummaa hinyaadin.

Ill. Barteefamsa .dubbisi gaafii as aantu deebisi: 1. Gosa thalayaa yaami? 2. Mana postaatti kitaaba namaaf erguu dandeennyaa? 3. Mana postaatti saaqa namaaf dabarsuu dandeennyaa?

IV. Jeccoota asi gaditti barteefamaniin yaadawan jaari fk., Dhaarosa telegraamaa Paarisitti erguun fedha (erguu);

guutuu, erguu, dhaamsa, teessoo, barreefamsa, mirga, bitaa, dandaya, fiduu,

gatii, sanduqa thalayaa.

I

kkii - doubt (n) l,uZQ - shirt ni - five ,myi; - seed, origin, race "lam - fifty :koo - puzzles ykh Hussen - an Oromo saint "biraa - chick peas nbjroo - bird boo - wire fura - driver 1wa - fork kkuumaa - massage, rubbing nkurlaa - onions raaba - sweater r,qkaa - strong smell umoo - mixed grain cooked

'a - sit 'a - be something kli - taxi :JylQQlw - Thailand a - play, joke (n) a - become, be possible e - given (saba lahe - a given nation) 'laja/a - service

TajMjala saaqaa - interest a - be effective

can"nsa - efficiency, utility ara - line

rarara diriiraa - straight line larara jaI'aa - curved line, curve

kaanfi; - step, progress ta4jii - activities

- address neloli; - technology ifona - telephone !graama - telegram l/ui - telex :viziycma - television ,"ometera - thermometer rmatima - tomatoes wdha - attempt :m - liver 'Q (tikJa) - herd cattle Cv)

rissi",u (liksilUU) - cattle herder aatira - theatre

"'0 - one (f - rakka) lokkumaa - unity, union, having some­

thing in common tokkummaa amanrii - common faith, unity

of faith

lokkrnnmaa dalllaa - common intercst, unity of interest

tokkummaa yaadaa - common ideas, unity of ideas

takka-takka - a few lakka-takkaa" - one-by-one, piece-meal Tokkummaa Mootoola Amerikaa - United

States of America Tokkummaa SOtJiYalii - Soviet Union

101a - be well, go well tolea - make something well, make some­

thing in order, repair - voluntarily, willingly

tolea namaa - synthetic, toofMa - method toora - approximately, about lorba - seven lorbaa" - week torbaaram - seventy Toyootaa - Toyota tri' aarlgle - triangle tuJfaddha - despise tuftaa - a form of blessing accompanied by

a special kind of sprinkling liquid by mouth ,ulluu - hill luma - bit, hit

11l111luu - blacksmith tuquma - be affected ture - was, were (aux v) luuia - pile up

tuuluu seen"u - to start piling up

Thaaliyaani - Italy rhalasa - health Ihalayaa - letter

thalayaa dafi1lSaa - express letter thalayaa rhayaaraa - air letter

thaliila - clear, clean (liquids) lharaga - clean, dust something lha.yaaraa - aeroplane Ihiqqaa - small, little (C thiqqoo - a few, a small number thurit' - dirt (n) thurmhoo - lemon

udaan - human excrement uffadha - dress (v)

ufJara - cloth (n) "la - fumigate ulfaaddha - become heavy

ul(eesa - weight

ulfina - heaviness, weight ulltl4laa - heavy (f ulfillaq;tthee - balance, equilibrium

ulfaawa - be respected ulfeesa - respect (v)

wmnala - people uraa - hole rugaa - good smell (n) urjii - star utubaa - pillar uuma - create

Ullnlaa - creation, nature

vitJeQ - video Viennaa - Vienna

Yiernaam - Vietnam tJillaa - villa tlinoo - wine tlitaamitJa - vitamin wdkaa - vodka

r:oaada - roast r.Daan - thing, something rDaan dJrugan - something to drink Waaqa - God. fIJQ{lree - noon Waashin.gton - Washington rcaayte, waa'et - about, regarding to madaaja - festivities, religious party wahiill - something wajji" - with, together fDQJ(i) - one another, each other, mutual

wal arkuu - to see each other wal baduu - to be different from one

another, disagree wal baruu - to introduce one another teal bira - side by side, simultaneously wal dhabuu - to quarrel, to have no mutual

understanding wal faana - one after another toal fuudhuu - to marry each other toal gargaarsa banOnsaa - scientific coope­

ration wa' gargaarsa jaQfJJfJ);i - military

tion wal gay;; - conference, meeting wal jalaa qabuu - sing together wal qittheesa - balance, equate coal qittheesaa - equation wal quba qabuu - to know about each

other, to have contact with one another

:Dal tamm - to agree, to (onn an accord trJaJitli - to gather walstt; ka'uu - to , clash with one another toolilli qabuu - to have something in oom-

mon waJilti qabuu - together tool;;" gayuu - spread all over wal;i! - for one another roaliil beekull - to know the problems and

needs of one another waliij yaadllU - to have mutual considera­

tion, to ban mutual concern 'loal; galw., - to form a common opinion,

to understand each other wali gala - in genera), in SWD

wali galea - sum up wal; gala bo4yolog;i - general biology

wafaana - treat, get medical treattnent tDalaabumnUUl - freedom ",alakkaa - balf walaloo - poems waldaya - establishment, organization

Waldaya Tokkummaa Sabootaa - United Nations Organization

teallaala - be ignorant, not to know wallee - song, love song

wallr"sa - sing toaliutuu - singer

wanta - thing, matter roaraansilee - belt toareega - offerings, sacrifices warra - clan, extended family warraaqa - move, revolutionize roarshaa - factory Walhabaajjii - June wayya - be better fOeeddjsa - sing wiiski£ - whisky willij - not yet fDUlIee - stick

yaa'a - flow (v) yaada - think (v)

yaada - thoughts, ideas (n) yaada baraa - modem ideas, modern

concepts yaada - worry (v)

yaada"aa boasuu - to relieve from worries yaada - sentence

yaada djnOiraa - simple sentence yaaJa gaajii - interrogative sentence

..... "' ....... -''b----- '. r _____ ,.,

a4tiaddha - (tmember yaadanoo - mcmorj~

yaadataJntuu - memorable 'aala - try, attempt 'aanla - call, name, order 'araa - little, weak (f -tuu)

.eeyii - wolf 'trOO - time

yeroo dahabaa (warqqii ) - .Golden Age yeroon keessaau - in time ytroo namaaf h£nkennu - unbearable (idm) yeroo thiqqoo - few moments

JCO - if

yoo tahe - if possible, if ~t becomes like this

yookaan - or )'00"' - when ) '()Ona - at this time

zabiba - raisins Zeynabaa - name of person (f) zingoo - corrugated sheets, zinc zi qaya - precious metals Z'l/U - Zulu Zwaay - name of a lake

English-Oromo Vocabulary

ability - da'ldayri£ able, be - dalldaya about - toora,· waayee abundance - qrmJa (n) abundant - bashbashii (adj) accompany - gaggeessa acidic - dhallgaggaawaa act desperately - chicca active, be - tauaafaddha

add - ida'a, dabala address - teessoo administer - bulca administrator - bulcaa advise - gorsa adviser - gorsiruu aeroplane - arop/ana, thayaaraa affair - dubbii affected, be - ruquma after - booda agi~te - kakkaasa agree - wal taha air - qilleellsa air letter - thalayaa thayaaraa all - hUllda, chufa alliance - amboo all right - hayaa alone - kophaa already - duruu, qaata ancient - dur angry, be - aara animal - billeensa another - }UIIlII, ka" biraa (other) answer - deebisa appointment - baJlama approximately - toora April - Chaamsaa argue - Jalma arm - harka armpit - bobaa ash - daaraa ask -- g-.faddha assist - gargaara assistance - gargaarsa

attempt - tiraddha August - Hagayya

aunt - adaadaa (paternal), habboo (maternal) authority - aangoo axe - qotroo

baboon - jaldeesa baby - daa'ima back -- duyda (dugda) bad - hamaa, badaa

balance - wal qittheesa (v) bananas - muza bank - mana baankii bar - mana bunaa barley - garbuu base - In.mdu battle - 101a beat - rukuta beautiful - bareedaa (f - bareedduu) become - taha bed - siree

bedroom - mana ra/aa beer (local) -- farshoo begin - eegala, jalqaba behind - dUllba belief - amantii believe - amallG below - jala

belt - waraansilee bent - jal'aa (f -00) besides - kanaa ace; best - daran better - chaala, wayya Bible - Kitaaha Qulqulluu big -- /{Uddaa (f -tuu) bird - shimbiroo bite - chi"i£na black - gurraacca (f -nU) bless - eebbisa blessings - eebba blind - ba'llaa blood - dhiiga blossom - daraara blue - bi/a samii body -- qaama

boil something - danfisa

bone -- laJee book -- kitaaba born, be -- dhaladdha borrow -- liqeesa, ergisa both -- laccuu, lammaanu bottle -- qaruraa box -- sanduqa boy -- gurbaa branch -- damee bread -- buddeena break -- chabsa breakfast -- Jathara breast -- harma (woman) bring -- flda

broken, be -- chaba brother -- obboleessa brother-in-law -- soddaa

brush -- riga (teeth) buffalo -- gafarsa build -- jaara burn -- guba bury -- awaala bus -- autobusa Jusiness -- dantaa

Jut -- immo Jutter -- dhadhaa JUy -- bila

::abbages -- kurumbaa ::all -- yaama ::ameI -- gaala :ar -- makiinaa :arry -- baaddha :at -- adurree, bashoo :attIe -- hor;i :entre -- jidduu :ereals -- midhaan hair -- kurs; hance -- miilkii hange -- ji;i"iira harcoal -- chillee base away -- ariha heap -- rakisha heek -- mallaa hest -- lapphee, qoma hew -- alanfaddha hicken - lukku hickpeas -- shimbiraa

hild - mu,kaa (pI - joollee) hist - Kristoos C/saa) igarettes -- sijaaraa inema -- n'nemaa

circulate -- naannawa clan -- warra clarification -- addeesaa clarify -- addeesa clean -- tharaga (v) clear -- thaliila, qulqulluu clever -- qartuu climate -- haala qilleensaa close -- chufa (v) clothe -- ufJata clothes -- hucchuu cloud -- dummesa coffee -- buna cold -- dilfafa cold -- qabbanflwaa (adj) collaborate -- tumsa

colour -- bzJa comb -- filaddha come -- dhufa command -- abbooma committee -- koree complain -- alaan' ala complete -- guuta condition -- haala condolence -- amutaa conference -- wal gayii consider -- iui laala consumed, be -- raawatama contribute -- babbaasa convert -- garagalca cook -- affeela, bilceesa cooking pot -- okkotee correct -- qacheelca cotton -- jibrii

cough - gu/aa council -- mar;; (n) count -- lakkaawa Cv) country -- biyya cow -- sa'a cow dung -- dikee, faltij create -- uuma create difficulties -- dhiba creation -- uumaa credit -- liq;; crocodile -- nyaaca cross -- qathaamura (v) cultivate -- magarsa, qota culture -- aadaa cupboard -- kabala curse -- abaara (v), abaarsa (n) customer -- maamila cut -- mura, kuta, ch;ra ,cycle -- naannawa

dance -- sirba danger -- ballaa dark -- dukkana daughter -- intala day -- guyyaa day after tomorrow -- iftaa,z December -- Arjaasa decision -- murtii defence -- eeginsa democracy -- demokraasii desire -- hawwii despise -- tuffaddha destroy -- diiga diameter -- daayaametra diarrhoea -- albaatii dictionary -- kitaaba jeccootaa die -- du'a difference -- addummaa different -- adda difficult -- rakkoo dig -- qota

direct -- qacheelca Cv) dirty -- thuni disagree -- wal bada disappear -- bad discipline -- adaba disease -- dhukkuba disgraceful -- salphaa Cf -00) distant -- halaala divide -- hira

do -- godha dog -- saree donkey -- harree door -- balbala, hulaa double -- daccaa

doubt -- shakii (n) down - gad(i) dream -- manaama, abjuu dress -- uffaddha (v), ufJata (n) drink -- dhuga drinks -- dhugaatij drive -- oofa duck -- daakiyyee during -- gaafa dust -- dhukee

eagle -- allaatji ear -- gurra earth -- daccii, lafa east -- baha eat -- nyaaddha economics, economy -- dinagdee

Q"KU~fI-v,umu v Ucuoulury

edible oil -- salitha education -- barnoota eggs -- killee eight -- saddeet eighty -- saddeetam

elders -- abbootii, manguddoo elect -- fila elected -- filamaa Cf -tuu) elephant -- arba eliminate -- dhabamsiisa elite -- hayyuu emerge -- burqa empty, be -- ona

empty -- duwwaa, qullaa (adj) end -- dhuma enemy -- diilla enter - seena, litha enthusiasm -- mirqatJna equate -- wal qittheesa equation -- wal qiuheesaa escape -- baajaddha establish -- dhaaba establishment -- waldaya, dhaabata evacuate -- gad dhiisa evening -- gal gala everyday -- guyyuu everyone -- nantayyuu eye -- ija eyebrow -- tlyaara exchange -- wal jijjiira exercise book -- dabtara expend -- baasa expensive -- qaali expert -- beettuu

express letter -- thalayaa dafinsaa extinguished, be -- dhaama

face -- fuula faint -- gaggaba family -- warra fan -- hafarsa (v), hafarsaa (n) far -- jagoo farm -- eeruu fat -- furdaa (f -00) father -- abbaa fear -- sodaa Cn) feather -- baalli February -- Guraandhala fed up, be -- hijaddha feel -- qaqqaba feel high -- mirqaana feel insensitive -- haddoda

1:>U

feel something - itt; dhagayama fence - dalaya fever - laydaa fiance - qaadhimaa field - dirree fifty - shantam fight - wla fill - guuta fine - qooqaa finger - quba fingernail, toenail - qemsa finish - fittha fire - ibidda first - dltra, dursaa fish - qurthummii five - shan

flag - alaabaa flour (grain) - fichaa, daakuu flourish - JaJisa flourishing - lalistuu flow - yaa'a flowers - ilillii fly - barara Cv) foIJow - aana follower - hordofaa food - tlyaata foolish - gowwaa foot - miilla football - kubbaa miillaa forehead - adda foreign - alagaa forest - bOSOM, chaakkaa forget - irraanfaddha fork - shukaa

forty - aJurtam foundation - hundee four - afur free - bilisa

freedom - bilisummaa, walaabummaa Friday - Jima' ala, Jimatta friend - hiriyaa frog - raacca from - irraa front - adda frontier - keelaa

fry - akaawa fumigate - ula future - heegaree

garden - eeruu gather - junaana, guura general -- idiIlu

generation -- dhaloota generous -- argaaya get - argaddha ghee -- addaanuu giraffe -- sattaWfoaa girl -- itttala, dubra give -- kenna glad, be -- gammada glass -- burehuuqo

go -- deema, dhaqa go around -- naamUlwa goat -- re'ee God -- U7aaqa gold -- dahaba (warqii) good -- meeshaa goods -- gaarii

government -- mootummaa gradually -- suuta-suutaau grandfather -- akkaakayyoo grandmother -- akkoo grass -- ehitaa grassland -- ehaffee gray -- daalaeea (f -ttii) gray hair -- arri; graze -- dheeda greedy - kajeelaa (f -tuu)

green -- bl/a margaa groan -- aada groundnut -- looza grow -- biq;la guard -- eegduu guest -- keessummaa gun -- qawwee

habit -- haraaraa hair -- rifeensa half -- !lJaiakkaa, chiuaa hallo -- ashama hamper -- dhiba hand -- harka handball -- kubbaa harkaa hang -- famlisa haricot beans -- bolloqqee, Jassoliyaa harvest -- llaama hate - jibba have -- qaba he -- i1ll1l· (nom) head -- mataa heal -- dhitlSa, fayyisa health -- fayyaa, thalasa healthy, be -- fayya hear -- dhagaya

heart -- onnee heavy, become -- u/faaddha help -- gargaara her -- is;i herd cattle -- rissa (tiksa)

here -- asCi) hide -- dhoksa hidden, be -- dhakoddha highland - baddaa hill - tulluu him -- isa history -- seenaa hit -- rukuta, tuma, dhawa

hoe -- dongoraa hole -- uraa holiday -- ayyaana holy place -- mana qulqulluu

honey -- demma hope - abdaddha (v), abdii (n) hopeful -- abdiiqabduu hopeless -- abdiidhabdl4u horn - gaafa horse -- farda hospital -- mmla dhukkubsataa house - mana how - akkam however -- haa ta1m malee how much -- meeqa, hagam human excrement -- udaan hundred -- dhibba hunger -- bee la, agabuu hunt -- adamsa hurry, be in a -- jarjara

hurt -- miidha husband - abbaa warraa, jaarsa hyena -- waraabeesa

I - ani ice - hallchabbii

idea -- yaada identity -- ifummaa if - yoo, si/aa ignorant, be -- wallaala illustrate -- ibsa illustration - ibsaa in, inside - keessa in front - dura information - oduu inherit - dhaala instead -- mannaa interest -- tajaajala saaqaa

l:!:ngllsh-uromo VOCabUlary

invitation - afeerii invite - afeera irrigation -- masrw isolate -- addaan baasa itching - ehittoo

January -- Ammajii jealous, be -- hinaafa judge -- abbaa ala,waa July -- Adooleesa June -- Wathabaajjii

kettle -- kitlii kidney - kalee kill - ajjeesa king -- mootii kiss -- dhungaddha kitchen -- ala waada knee - jilba knife -- ablee know -- beeka knowledge - beekinsa

lake -- hora, hara lamp -- laampaa land - lafa, biyya

D1

language -- afaan, Oromo language -- alaan

Oromoo large - guddaa (f -tuu) last night - eda laugh - kofia

law -- seera lawyer - abbaa seeraa leak. - dhimiisa, yaasa lean on -- irkaddha learn -- bara leather -- kaZ'oo leave -- dhiisa left -- bitaa leg - miilla lemon -- rhuutthoo leopard - qeereen.sa letter (a, b, c, etc.) -- qubee letter - rhalayaa level - sadarkaa lice -- i,ljirree lie - kijiba, soba lie down - ehiisa life -- jiruu, lubbu lilZht - ibsa

English-Gromo Vocabulary

ht - ifaa (n) ht - laafa (f -tuu) ht up - jla e - akka e - jaaladdha (v) e this - akkana, akkasi le - loraTa

guistics - barinsa afaani n - leencha

ten - dhagaya, dheegqfaddha tle - thiqqaa (f -00)

'e - gala, jira 'er - tiruu 19 - dheeraa ef -tuu) J.g ago - fagoo

)k - loa/a

le - dJuzba 'le - jaalala

lch - iaaqana ng - somba

Id, be - maraaddha u.ze - boqqol/oo ike - godha

lke bad - ballusa lke massage - dhiddhiba lite visible - muI'isa ,dada - buusee arch - Bitooteessa uket - magaalaa

arry - Juudha (m), heeruma Cf) lSsage - shukkuumaa uerial - meeshaa

Utress - firaasha ay - Elba e - ana (an) oad (honey) - daadhii eat - loon edical doctor - abbaa qoriccaa

edical expert - ogeessa, abbaa qon'ccaa edicine - qoricca, muka ~t - qunnama elt - baqa

ember - miseensa emorable - yaadatamtuu emories - yaadarlOO

emorize - maraau; qabaddha erry making - balaccuu essage - dhaamsa

essenger - ergatuu

ethod - maia, rooJtaa :.1-'1 _

migrate - godaallG

military - jaawwii milk - aanllan milk - elma (v) miJJet - bishingaa mind - qalbii (n) minute - daqqiqaa mirror - daawitii

miscalculate - lakkOfJJsaballeesa mix - laaqa

moan -- aada modem - baraa Monday -- [snii"a money - saaqa month - baatii moon - baatii

moreover - ka"aa ol(i) morning - ganama morning star - bariisaa mosque - masjiid mosquito - bimbee most - daran mother -- haadha mount - kora (v) mountain, mount - gaara mouth - alaan move - sossoha (vi), SOssosa (vt) mule -- gaallgee

mummy (mother) -- aayyoo my - kiyya (f -- t';yya)

name - maqaa (n) narcotics - aara summii narrate -- odeesa nation - saba natural gas - gaasa daee;i near - dhihoo neck - mONna needJe - lilme

neighbour -- ollaa never - abadan, takkaa, illumaa new - haaraya news -- oduu newspaper - gaazetthaa night - halka" nine -- sagal ninety - sagaitam no - lakk;

noon - waaree north - kabba nose - jurmyaan

English-Uromo Vocabulary

nothing -- hummaa November - Sadaasa now - amma number -- lakkowsa

oath -- kakl4u obey -- bula obligation -- dirqina observe -- akeekaddha occupy - qabaddha, saama October - Onkoleessa offerings - wareega old -- moojaa old person -- dullacca (f -ttji), jaarsa on - irra one - tokko (f - takka) onions - shunkurtaa only - qola open -- halla oppress -- chunqursa, gad qaba. roorrisa oppressed - ehunqurfamaa (f -tuu) or - moo, yookaan oranges -- burtukaana order - ajaja, yaama (v) organization -- jaanonsa, dhaabata origin -- burqaa

other -- ka" biraa our - keennya (C - teemlya) out, outside -- ala over - gubbaa owner -- abbaa manaa ox -- satlgaa

page -- moggaa, fuullee paint - diba (v) pampering - qananii part -- qooda, kutaa participate -- qooda fuudhaddha pass -- daharsa (v) past -- dabre patience - ohsa patient, be -- ohsa peace - nagaya peas -- daangullee pen -- qalama people -- ummata. warra, jara, orma permit -- itt; dhiisa person -- nama pestle -- toomaa petrol -- benzina _ 1..- ____ _

phonology - sirna sagalee pictUre -- suuraa pile up - tuula pillar - utubaa pineapple -- anaanaas place - bakka plain - dirree plant - mayra plate - sahanaa play - taba (n), tabaddha (v) please - mee pleasure - gammaccuu pluck out - buqqisa poem -- walaloo point -- asthaa pool -- madda poor - hiyyeessa (C -eetri;) porridge -- marqaa possess -- qabaddha possible, be - taha postman - abbaa postaa post office - mana postaa potatoes -- dinniccaa pour -- naqa power - humna powerless - humnculhabduu praise - jaarsa pray -- kadhaddha prayers - kadhaa preach - lallaba precious metal -- meettaa prepare -- qoppheesa present - kennaa (n) present, be - jira president -- dl4ra taa'a president - Abbaa Boku, Abbaa Gadaa prevent - dhorka price - gatH pride -- boona priest - qaaluu principle -- heera print - matthansa (v), mauharlSaa (n) problem -- rakkoo proclaim - lallaba produce -- horaddha product - horata profit -- bu'aa programme -- qopphii, sagantaa

progress -- tarkaanfii prosper -- dharaara protect -- irraa dhorka proverbs - makmaaksa null - harkisa

lJ3

54

umpkin - dubbaa

unish - adabsa

ut - kaaya uzzles - sheekoo

uantity - hedduumm;,UJ uarre1 - wal 101a uarter - ganda

ueen - mootittii uench - dheebuu haho

uestion - gaafii (n) uit - gad dhiisa, lakkisa uite, be - challisa

Ibbit -- hilleessa Ice - shannyii

lin -- rooba tinbow - sabbata sami;

use - kaasa usins -- zabiba

IW - dheedhii :ach -- gaya, dhagqaba

:ad -- dubbisa :concile -- araarra

~ -- diimaa (f -ttm) :fugee - baqazuu

:fuse - dida :garding to - waayee :gion - naaJ1noo, kutaa-biyyaa

:gret -- sheenaawa (v), sheenaa (n) :lative -- fira

:lease -- hiika

:ligion - amantii

:main -- hafa :main behind -- harkifaddha

mains -- hambaa member -- yaadaddha, quba qaba

:pair -- toIca :peat -- irra deeb;'a

:ply -- deebisa

!Sist -- dura dhaabaddha

:spect - uIfeesa, kabaja

:staurant -- mana nyaataa rtarded -- qanchara

:tum -- deebi'a

:tum home -- gala :volutionize -- warraaqa b -- ch;naaca

ch -- dureessa (f -setti;) ght -- mirga ... l.. 1- __ ~

English-Oromo Vocabulary

ring - bi/bi/ca (v) ring - hamartii ripe - bilcaataa (adD river - laga

road - karaa

roast - waada roll - ganga/ca

roof - bantii

root - hidda rub - diha run fast - cheeha

sacrifices - wareega salt - sogidda sand - c/Jjrracca

Saturday - Saht;; save - 01 kaaya say - jQ'a scar - godaallisa

scattered, be - !accha'a school - mano barnootaa science - barinsa script - sirua. barreefamsaa

search - barbaada season, dry - bona, rainy - garma

section - chinaa, kutaa, qooda see - arka seeds - shallllyii

sell - gurgura

send - erga send a message - dhaama

sentence - yaada separate - gargar

serpent - jawwee service - tajaajala

settle - qubaddha

seven - corba seventy - torbaatam

sew - hoddha shade - gaaddisa, chaayaa

shame - gaatmyij

she - isii" sheep - hoolaa shining, be -- chalalaga

ship - markaba

shirt - shamiza shiver - holaddha

shock -- ri/aatuu (n) shocked, be -- rifaddha

shoes - kophee

shop -- dukaana I' "

~'~U.l"·V'VIIIV "Vf.,UVUfU'.Y

short - gabaabaa Cf -tuu)

shoulder -- qmmyee show -- agarriJ"sa

shy, be -- qaanJaddha

sickness -- dhukkuba side -- moggaa, chinaa

sieve -- gJ"ngilcaa (n) sign -- asthaa sign -- jala barreessa (v) silk -- harUra similar, be -- fakkaaddha

sin -- dillii

since -- eega sing -- wallisa

sister -- obboleettii

six -- jaha

sixty -- jahatatn skin -- goggaa skirt -- qamjsa

sky -- samii slaughter - qala slave -- gabra sleep -- lu"rriba (n), raja Cv) slowly -- suma small -- tMqqaa

smell -- flmfaddha (v) smell bad -- ajaawa (v) smell good -- urgaawa Cv) smelt -- baqsa

smile -- seeqa smoke -- aarsa (v), aara Cn) snake -- bofa

so -- ka"aa/ so and so -- abalu soap -- saablma

social -- hawaasa soft - laa/aa (f -tuu)

soil -- biyye

soldier -- duullUll

solution -- fllraa

some -- gari something -- waan sometimes - hoggaa tokko-tokko

son -- ;Ima

song -- wallee soon - dhjhoo

soup -- nlaraqa source -- burqaa, madda

south -- kibba Soviet Union -- Tokkummaa SOtJiyatii

sow - Jacchaasa spade -- akaafaa

spark -- qaangee

spear -- waraana speech -- dubbii

spider -- aaroo spirit -- hafuura

sprinkle -- firfirsa

squeeze -- chunfa stamp -- asthaa thalayaa stand - dhaabaddha (v) standard -- sadarkaa

star -- urjji startled, be -- rifaddha

state -- mootummaa steal -- hata

steel -- sibiila

step -- tarkaanfii sticky) be -- mattllana

stingy -- qorqoddu

stomach -- gafaa

stone -- dhagaa

stool -- barchuma stop - dhaabaddha (v), dhaabata (n) straight -- diriiraa (C -tuu)

stranger -- kee"uummaa strategy -- mala

strive -- charraaqa strong -- jabaa (f -mu)

student -- baraltull

study -- baraddha study -- qoranna (n) sub-clan -- balbala

subtract -- hanqisa Sunday - Alhada

supervise -- jala deema

supper -- hirbaata supply -- dhiheesa

survive an accident -- datldarnaddha

swear -- kakaddha sweat -- hurka (v), hurkaa (n) sweater -- shuraaba

sweep -- hara sweet, be -- mi'aawa sweet -- mi'aawaa (adi) swim -- birhaan daaka sympathize -- naaha

sympathy -- naQSUu system -- SiNUI.

table -- miiza

take - fuudha take out to graze -- bobbaasa take rest -- bayatuuidha

tall - dheeraa (f -tuu)

tame animals - lenjisa taste - dhandhama taste1ess - bushaawaa. (f - bushoowtuu) tasteless, be - bushaawa

tea - shaahii teach - barsiisa teacher - barsiistuu tears - immimaan

tell - hima ten - kudhan

than - irra thank - galateefaddha

thanks - galata that, those - Sa11a (suni) (nom) them - isoon then - hoggoo sun there - acd therefore - eegasu they - i!San; thick - furdaa (f -00)

thin - happhii, qal'aa (r -00) thing - waan think - yaatia, seeha thirst - dheebuu thirty - ,addam this, these - kun;, tun; (nom), kana, tana thousand - kuma three - sad;; throw - darba Thursday - Kamisa tie - hidha time - yeroo tired, be - dhaddhaba today - ar'a together - wajjin

toilet - mana dhiqaa tomatoes - timmaalima tomorrow - boru tongue - arraba tonight - edana tooth - ;lkee (PI - ilkaan) tortoise - qochaa touch - qaqgaba, ruga trace - foona train - baabura translate - garagalca trap - hillima traveller - imaltuu treat - wal'aa11a tree - muka tribe - gosa

trouble, be in - dararama trousers - ko/oo

true - dhugaa trust - amana Tuesday - Salaasaa turn - faraqaa turn - maqa turn over - kombolca twenty - diddam two - lama

uncle - adeera (paternal), eessuma (maternal) under - jala union, unity - tokkummoo United Nations Organization - Waldaya To­

kkummaa Sabootaa United States of America - Tokkummaa Moo-

tota Amen"kaa

until - haga urine - finc.haan up, upwards - 01(;)

value - gaIii various - gara-gara, gosa-gosa, adda-adda vegetation - mayra video - video village - ganda visit - goofaddha, laala voluntarily - tolaan

wail - waywwaaddha waist - muddhii wait - eega wake up - ciammaqa

want - fedha (v), fedhii (n) war - duuia, waroona warm - owwa wash - dhiqa (except clothes), miicca (clothes) water - bishaan way - karaa we - nu, 1lUti

weak - dhaddhabaa (f -tuu), yaraa (r -tuu) wealth - honi weave - dhawa Wednesday - Arbaa weeds - arama week - torbaan weep - booya weigh - ulfeesa weight - ulfina well - gaan"i well, be - tola

west - dh;ha wet - jiidhaa wet, become - jiidha what - maal(i) wheat - qamadii when - hoggaa, yoom

where - eessa which - kam(i), kml (f - tan)

while - eessoo white - adii whiten - addeesa whiteness - addeennya

who - een1ryu whole - hunda why - maaliif wide - hal' aa (f -00)

wife - haadha marJaa, jaar!ii, "itii win - mcoha window - foddaa. wing - goblaa with - wajji1l without - malee witness - ragaa wolf - yeeyii woman - dhalaa wood - qoraan, muka

word - jecca

J::.ngmn-uromo vocaoutary 1:>1

work - dalaga, hqjjata (v), ckzlagaa, hojii (n) world - addunnyaa World Bank - Mana Baankii Addunnya worm - raammoo worn, worn out - moofoo worry - yaada wrap - mara write - barteessa writer - barreessituu

yawn - hamommaddha year - bara yeast - bukoo yes - ee yesterday - kalee, kaleessa

you - an you - isin (PI) young - dargaggeessa, dardara (boy, girl) your - kee (f - tee) your (PI) - keessani (f - teessani)

zeal - onnee zebra - faraasaa zero - zeroo zinc - zingoo

Key to Exercises

Unit!

1. 1. qabani; 2. qabaj 3. qaba ; 4 . qabdi; 5. qabaj 6. qaba.

H . 1. deema; 2. deema; 3. deemtij 4. deemanij 5. deemani; 6. deemani.

Ill. 1. Intaltij Jimma deemti. 2. Laftii Bilisaa baI'oo. 3. IImi Ibsaa mana jira. 4. Adabni narnuuf gaarii. 5. Manni Ibsaa guddaa.

IV. n. ahbaa, eessutna, nduree korma, farda korma, dureessa, ogeessa, gurbaa, re'ee korma, adeera, saree korma, nama;

b. habboo, qeereensa dhaltuu, intala, hiyyeettiiJ gafarsa dhaltuu, adaadaa, harree dhaltuu, haadha, jaartii, hoolaa dhaltuu.

V. 1. Isaan hojii jirani. 2. lsaan mana jirani. 3. Isin yeroo qabani. 4. !saan mana keessa jirani. 5. lsaan yeroo hedduu qabani. 6. Nu hojii hedduu qabna. 7. Isaan hojii qabani. 8. Isaan Hirna deemani. 9. Nu yeroo hedduu qabna. 10. lsaan Jimma jirani.

VI. 1. Eennyu Hirna deema? Ibsaan eessa deema? 2. Eennyu hojii hedduu qaba? Isaan maal qabani? 3. Bilisaan Adaamaatti maal qaba? Eennyu Adaamaatti hiriyaa qaba? Eessatti Bilisaan hiriyaa qaba? 4. Eennyu hojii jira? Inni eessa jira?

Unit 2

I. 1. kudhashan; 2. inni; 3. isaan; 4. ani; 5. isiin; 6. kudhafur; 7. dhibba sagal; 8. isin; 9. ati; 10. nu.

11. 1. guddaa; 2. mi'aawaa; 3. owwaa; 4. nu; 5. meeqaj 6. waaddi; 7. fagoo; 8. dhuga; 9.1amaj 10. isiin.

Ill. 1. -icci; 2. -ttiin; 3. -icci; 4. -ticci; 5. -ticci; 6. -tittiin.

IV. 1. tiyya; 2. keeti; 3. isaati; 4. keeti; 5. isaaniti; 6. teessani.

V. a) fardoota, harroota, ilkaan, ilmaan, guyyaawani, gaarreen; b) gaangee, gaala, jaarsa, yaada.

VI. 1. Isaan keesswnmoota kiyya. 2. Ani qarshii afurtamiin qaba. 3. Bunni qabbanaawaa. 4. Burtukaanni mi'aawaa. 5. Kokaa fi bishaan Baabilee qabna. 6. Hulbat maraqa niqabdanii?

Unit 3

I. 1. -00; 2. -aa; 3. -aa; 4. -NU; 5. -aa; 6. -tuu; 7. -aa; 8. -ootuu; 9. -eettiij 10. -aacca; 11. -eesUj

12. -eettii.

11. 1. Ee, gandi Barentuu mana guddaa sunirraa gama bitaa jira. 2. Ee, gandi Liban mana guddaa sunirraa gama kibbaa jira. 3. Ee, gandi Odaa mana guddaa sunirraa gama dhihaa jira. 4. Ee, gandi Abbaa Duraa mans. guddaa sunirraa gama kabbaa jira. 5. Ee, gandi Abbaa Nagayoo mans guddaa sunirraa gama bahaa jira. 6. Ee, gandi Qorree mana guddaa sunirraa gema mirgaa jira.

Key to l:!.xercues

L 1. Be, manni baankii mans barnootaarraa gara bitaa jira. 2. Ee, manni nyaataa mana sinemaarraa gara bitaa jira. 3. Ee, karaan Abbaa Gammacciis karaa Haramaayaarraa gara bitaa jira. 4. Be, karaan Haroo Walaabuu karaa Hasaloorraa gara bitaa jira. 5. Be, sinemaan Odaa karaa Raayaarraa gara bitaa jira. 6. Be, hotelli Chaffee karaa Bilisummaarraa gara bitaa jira.

1. Ibsaan akka Bilisaatti gaarii. 2. Hawwiituun akka Dameettii amanamtuu. 3. Nu isin wajjin wal qittha. 4. Manni sun keeti irra guddaa. 5. Hima Kombolca irra bareedduu. 6. Ibsaan ogeessa daran beekamaa. 7. Chaaltuun daran qartuu. 8. Kal'oon tuni daran laaftuu. 9. Hima magaalaa bareedduu . 10. Abbaan kiyya mana guddaa qaba.

Unit 4

[. 1. kanaaf; 2. kanaa oli; 3. kanaa oli; 4. kanaaf; 5. kanaa olij 6. kanaaf.

L 1. jarjarti; 2. gargaarra; 3. gargaararu; 4. jarjara; 5. jarjarani; 6. gargaara.

[. 1. Sabtiij 2. boru; 3. galgaJa; 4. yoomj 5. torban dhufuj 6. Elba; 7. bara dhufu; 8. guYYUUj 9. eessaj 10. aeeL

1. Boru Hirnaan deema. 2. Iftaaniin Adaamaa deema. 3. Boruun kitaaba afaan Oromoo bits. 4. Argaa­yaan ar'a galgala dhufa. 5. Edana isaan Qarsaa deemani. 6. Inni sa'aa boodaa mana postaa deema.

1. Ani ar'aa magaalaan deema. 2. Dameen wadaaja qabdi kanaaf isiin waan hedduu bitti. 3. Argaayaan iftaan dhufa. 4. Isaan boru galgala Adaamaa deemani. 5. Inni hojii hedduu qaba kanaaf jarjara. 6. Nu hojii hedduu qabna kanaaf isaan nu gargaarani.

UnitS

I. 1. Ati boru mana qoriccaa hindeemtu. 2. Bilisaa fi Dameen burtukaana hinbitani. 3. Isiin foon re'ee hinnyaattu. 4. Chaaltuun hojii hinqabdu. 5. Ar'a hinowwu. 6. Isaan bishaan Baabilee hindhuga­ni. 7. Nu muza hinbinnu. 8. Isiin gama Jimma hindeemtu. 9. Ani guyyaa hinrafu. 10. Ibsaa fi Bilisaan eeruu hinqabani.

11. 1. Nu amma mana baa gallu. 2. Isaan boru haa dhufani. 3. Isiin mana barnootaa hindeemin. 4. Ani hojii hedduun qaba, amma haa deemu. 5. Bilisaa fi Ibsaan mana nooraa haa dibani. 6. Isaan makii­naan Kombolca hindeemin.

U. 1. daran; 2. hedduu; 3. akkam; 4. meeqaj 5. akka hamaa; 6. wal faana .

V. 1. Isiin hedduu bareedduu. 2. Bilisaan nama gaarii. 3. Chaaltuun chalistuu. 4. Kopheen tee jabduu. 5. Shamizni kee lafaa. 6. Waraansileen tee gurraattii. 7. Jaartiin tun dullattii. 8. Hucchuun kee furdaa. 9. Waraansileen isii diimtuu. 10. Manni isaa guddaa.

V. 1. Akkam manni Argaayaa? 2. Meeqa burtukaanni kiloon lama? 3. Shamiza gurraacca fettaa? 4. Akkami gatiin fothaa tanaa? 5. Isiin eessa deemti? 6. Kopheen tiyya eessa jirti? 7. Inni eessa jira? 8. Akkami muzni kuru? 9. Akkami intaltii? 10. Akkami inni?

U. 1. Ar'a, ani burtukaana hinbitu. 2. Muzni qaalii miti. 3. Shamizni kuni bareedaa. 4. Meeqa gatiin kophee tanaa? 5. BiJisaan mana guddaa qaba. 6. Ani dukaanaan si agarsiisa. 7. Qooqaa. 8. As taa'i. 9. Kopbee gurraattii niqabdaa? 10. Kitaaba kana fuudhi.

. 1

I·

Unit 6

I. 1. -anj 2. -e; 3. -te; 4. -e; 5. -an, 6. -tej 7. -e; 8. -tej 9. -ej 10. -an.

11. 1. irra ; 2. irraa; 3. miti; 4. irraj 5. irraaj 6. miti; 7. irra; 8. irraa; 9. miti; 10. irraa.

ill. 1. Cj 2. d; 3. e; 4. j; 5. f; 6. g; 7. h; 8. ij 9. a; 10. b.

IV.!. Hiriyaan namiccaa as jira. 2. Inni qoricca biyyaa bita. 3. Foddaan manaa chabe. 4. Abbaan isaa deeme.

V. 1. Bilisaani fi Wadaay hiriyoora kiyya. 2. Bilisaa fi Hawwiituun Kombolca deemani. 3. Inni kofoo fi shamiza bita. 4. Isaan makiinaani fi gaangeen dbufani. 5. Iani eessumaa fi habboo isaa jaalata. 6. Hojiin isaa haasawuu fi kofluu.

VIII. 1. Galaan magaalaa jidduu gala. 2. Mana haaraya kee jaalatte? 3. Hawwiituun wadaaja qabdi kanaaf waan hedduu bituu isH irra jira. 4. Boru, isaan keessummaa qaban kanaaf dhugaatii fi nyaata qoppbeesuu isaani irra jira. 5. Wadaay waan chufa irra hojjaccuu jaalata. 6. Shuraabni tuni suufaa miti immo gaarii. 7. Qalamni miiza gubbaa jira. 8. Dameen alawaadaa keessa jirti. 9. Argaayaan Jimmarraa dhufa. 10. Inni obboleessa kiyyaa min .

Unit 7

I. 1. Cj 2. f; 3. ai 4. jj 5. ii 6. h; 7. d; 8. ej 9. gi 10. b.

H. 1. Hawwiituun Hirna deemtee laalte. 2. rani shaahii bitee haa deebi'u. 3. Dameen shamiza miicchee dhufti. 4. Inni makiinaa toIcee dhaqe. 5. Inni mana postaa taa'ee haa eegu. 6. Wadaay mana baan4

kiirraa liqH fuudhee bite.

Ill. 1. Wadaay as jiraa? 2. Chaaltuun maal godhuu jirti? 3. Eessa deeman? 4. Nyaanni dhihaatee? 5. Eeruun Wadaay eessa jirti? 6. Galaan yoom naaf bilbilca? Eennyutuu boru naaf bilbilca? 7. Yoom abbaan seeraa murtH kenna? Eennyu murtii kenna? 8. Eennyu kitaaba hedduu dubbisa? Maaliif Bilisaan hedduu beeka? 9. Iani maal godhuu jira? 10. Eennyu mana postaa deema? Galaan eessa

deema?

VID. 1. Kuni filmii moofaa. 2. Argaayaa, boru galgala naaf bilbilcii ballama gonna. 3. Haay! Isiin jaartii bareedduu. 4. Nuti waan jabaa irratti wali galuu nu irra jira. 5. Mee waayee filmi suni naaf himi. 6. Chaaltuun faabrikaa kana keessa hojjatti. 7. Ar'a nuti waayee makiinaa haarayaa murtii godhuu nu irra jira. 8. Be, mana bamootaa decmti. 9. Maala tahan? 10. Kottul Hirbaanni dhihaate.

UnitS

I. 1. kan; 2. dabrej 3. jalqabaj 4. dhufu; 5. jalqabaj 6. dabre; 7. kanj 8. dhufu; 9. jalqaba; 10. jalqaba.

11. 1. iani; 2. isiin; 3. isaanj 4. nu; 5. isiin; 6. innij 7. isin; 8. innij 9. ati; 10. isin; 11. ati; 12. nu; 13. ati; 14. nu; 15. inni.

Ill. 1. keessani; 2. teej 3. keessani; 4. tiyyaj 5. isaa; 6. keennyaj 7. isaaj 8. keennya; 9. isaa; 10. isii; U. kiyya; 12. teennya.

IV. 1. eega; 2. haga; 3. hamma; 4. eega ; 5. baga j 6. hamma.

V. 1. Roobaan torbaan dabre fuudhc. 2. Jaartim Roobaa Shaggituu. 3. Ward Roobaa mana haaraya kennaa kennan. 4. Eessumni Shaggituu hoolaa sadii fi lukku afur kenne. 5. Adeerd Shaggituu meeshaa qotinsaa kenne. 6. Kennaan argame bakka lamatti hirama. 7. Barchuma, firaasha, siree. 8. Adaadaan Roobaa meeshaa alawaadaa kennite. 9. Jaarsi Shaggituu Roobaa . 10. Shaggituun torbaan dabre heerumte.

II. 1. Laliseen joollee lama qabdi. 2. Lecnchoo fi Elamoo. 3. Lukkuun mana irratti bararte. 4. Laliseen baalli tokko Leenchoof kennite.

X. 1. Roobaa fi Shaggituun bara dabre wal fuudhan. 2. Roobaa fi Shaggituun guyyaa fuudhaatti kennaa hedduu argatan. 3. Eessumni kiyya guyyaa dhalaota kiyyaaf biskiileeta naaf bite. 4. Boru, Ibsaan bamoota jalqaba. 5. Torbaan dhufu, Raazoon Jimma deemti . 6. KaJeessa, Saaboo fi Haloon karaa irratti wal arkan. 7. Torbaan dabrc, Makkoo magaalaa keessattiin arke. 8. MagaaIaa thiqqoo keessatti oduun daftce facchaa'ti. 9. Nu wal irraa barra. 10. Roobaa fi Shaggituun guyyuu wal bira taa'ani.

Unit 9

I. 1. Dheengadda, Wadaay shamiza hinbitanne. 2 . Makkoon raadiyoo fi frijidera hinbitanne. 3. Ar'a, Saaboon sofaa hinbitanne. 4. Boru, isin kubaayaa fi finjaana hinbittani. 5. Ati obboleessa Ibsaati, siin beenne. 6. Isiin obboleettii Ibsaati, isH hinbeenne. 7. Fira kiyya Adaamaatti hingaafanne. 8. Rakkoon mana haarayaa bakka hinqabanne. 9. As nu bira meeshaa tahe bituuf yeroo hedduu hinfuudhu. 10. Rakkoon maldinaa karaa hinqabanne.

[1. 1. tuni; 2. kuni; 3. tana; 4. kun; 5. kun; 6. tanaa; 7. kanaaj 8. tanaa; 9. tuni; 10. kuni; 11. tana; 12. kana; 13. tanaa fi kana; 14. tuni fi kun; 15. tun; 16. kun.

J. 1. Ati shamiza kana hinfuudhin. 2. Galaan mana hindeemin. 3. Nu waayee biyya keennyaa hindubba­tin. 4. Inni horH siif hinliqeesin. 5. Isiin bamoota isH hineegalin. 6. Ibsaa fi Elamoon hindhufin. 7. Isin as hintabatinaa. 8. Namicci as hinrafin. 9. Intaltii acci hintaa'in. 10. baan meeshaa kana hinfuudhatin.

V. 1. Eennyu meeshaa alawaadaa bitate? Galaan maal bitate? 2. Eessatti meeshaa alawaadaa gurgurani? Asitti maal gurgurani? 3. Eennyutuu rakishatti gurgura? Namicci kuni akkamitti gurgura? 4. Eessatti kursii fi miiza tolcani? Accini maal tolcani? 5. Maaliin ani laaluu fedha? Eennyu meeshaa dukaana kana keessa laaluu fedha? 6. Maaltuu bakka qabate? 1. Eennyu frijidera lama qaba? Isiin maal qabdi? Isiin frijidera meeqa qabcli? 8. KaIee eennyu raadiyoona bitate? GaIaan yoom raadiyoona bitate? 9. Eennyu kitaaba manatti irraanfate? Maal inni manatti irraanfate? Inni eessatti kitaaba isaa irraanfate? 10. Manni kee masl fakkaata?

I. 1. Ashamal Galaan, gad taa'i. 2. Meeshaa si barbaaccisu bitaddhu. 3. Galaan mana haa deemu. 4. Wadaay, shukaa, fal'aanaa fi ablee bite. 5. Isiin frijidera lama qabdi. 6. Maqaan kee eennyu? 7. Yaadarraa na baaste, galata? 8. Ashama, ani obboleessa Wadaayiti. Na beettee? 9. Hinyaadaddhu. 10. Ee, namicca sun ninyaadaddha.

Unit 10

r. 1. taate; 2. hoggaa sadii; 3. 01 kaasi; 4. dibaddhu; 5. naaf yaamaa j 6. haa chiisu; 7. gurbaa; 8. wayyaa­we; 9. 01 fuudhi; 10. galgala-galgala.

macceesu, daadhii, baraa.

Key to Hxercues 163

In. 1. Roobaan nidhukkubsate. 2. Haadha Roobaatuu Roobaa wajjin mana dhukkubsataa decme. 3. Roobaan mana dhukkubsataa taaksiin deeme.

IV. 1. Abbaa qoriccaa tahuuf gaarummina, dandaytii fi beekinsa qabaaccuu barbaaccisa. 2. Qoricca biyyaa akka hinbanne godhuuf barinsa qoricca biyyaa fi lakkowsa beettuu qoricca biyyaa hedduu­mmeessu nu irra jira. 3. Muka miccii, sanamakii, bunaa fi dhadhaa.

VIII. 1. Maal taate? 2. Mee taaksi naafyaami? 3. Mee afaan kee bani? 4. Mee dhiigaa fi finchaan kenni. 5. Qoricca kana hoggaa sadii fal'sana lama guyyaatti dhugi. 6. Lapphee fi morma kee qoricca kanaan dibi. 7. Lilme kana guyyaatti tokko diraddhu. 8. Muchaa keetiif nyaata laafaa kan akka maraqaa qoppheesiif. 9. Galata hedduu, abbaa qoriccaa. 10. Galata, nagayatti.

Unit 11

1. 1. rakkoo malee; 2. bu'e; 3. deeme; 4. bu'e; 5. rakkoo maleej 6. deeme; 1. rakkoo malee; 8. deeme; 9. rakkoo maleej 10. rakkoo malee.

I!. 1. ba1'ooj 2. furdoo; 3.1aafaa; 4. dheeraa; 5. ulfina; 6. sapphlina; 7. owwituu; 8. sadeessaaj 9. qal'oo; 10. bara.

Ill. 1. kan; 2. tan; 3. kan; 4. tan; 5. tan; 6. kan.

IV. 1. Waareen Moyaaleerraa dhufe. 2. Inni Moyaaleerraa autobusaan dhufe. 3. Waareen autobusarraa Markaatotti bu'e. 4. Obboleessi Waaree Adii. 5. Waaree fi Adiin bara kudhashan wal hinarkine. 6. Waareen dhaddhabarraa bahuuf qaama isaa dhiqate. 7. Adiin firaa fi Oromoota beeku afeere. 8. Isaan Shaggar keessa makiinaan deddeeman. 9. Waaree fi Adiin Shaggar keessatti gandoota hundumaa laalan. 10. Waareen waan ajaa'ibe bal'ina Shaggar, hedduummina makiinaa fi hedduu­mmina mana bunaati.

V. 1. Isiin afaan Oromoo if barsiiste. 2. Isin afaan Oromoo if barsiisaa. 3. Turaan if faarsa. 4. Ati if hinfaarsin. 5. Inni if jaalate. 6. Nu if jaalanna. 7. Namu if hinjibbu. 8. Wadaay if hinwallaale. 9. Isin if hinwallaalinaa. 10. Ati if hinwaIlaale. 11. Inni if beeke. 12. Nu if beenne.

VI. 1. Obboleettiin isaa bareedduu. 2. Maqaan isii Damee. 3. Iani gowwaa miti. 4. lsiin mana jirti. 5. Isaan mana jirani. 6. Ibsaa fi Dameen mana jirani. 7. Inni biyya Jarman ture. 8. Ati mana postaa turte. 9. Isiin mana hinture. 10. Isiin barsiistuu taati. 11. Ani abbaa qoriccaan taha. 12. Nu qottuu

toana.

VIII. 1. Isiin miilaan Qarsaarraa rakkoo maIee dhufte. 2. Waareen Haramayaa itti autobusarraa bu'e. 3. Diimaan kan halkan chufaa hojjateef dhaddhabe ture. 4. Maaliin mana barnootaa deemte? 5. Bilisaan nama chufaa ulfeesa. 6. Isiin kan Qullubbiirraa Dirree Dhawaa biskiileetaan dhufteef dhaddhabde turte. 7. Lagni Awaash laga Gibee irra dheeraa. 8. Inn kudraa rakoo malee gurgure. 9. Iani thayaaraarraa Gobbaatti bu'e. 10. Mana barnootaa laalle booda laaqana nyaanne.

Unit 12

r. 1. tokkoj 2. wal fakkaatani; 3. qacheelca: 4. dheeclan; 5. kudhani; 6. mataatti; 7. fufi; 8. horsiisan; 9. 000110; 10. dhuf •.

n. haa, oofani, tisuu, horii, galgala, galgala, tabatan, Kamisaa.

Ill. 1. Gandi Liban tulluu Nagayoo bira jira. 2. Ganda Liban keessa mannen kudhani jira. 3. Warri Liban hojiin isaani horii tissuu. 4. Obb. Libanjoollee saddeet qaba. 5. Warri Liban loowan, gaalawan,

·"" re'oota fi hoolota qabani. 6. Warri Liban hoolota dhibhaa fi shantam qabani. 7. Sa'aa jahatti namu Iea'a. 8. Sa'aa torbatti horii elmani. 9. Horii sa'aa sagal itti bobbaasani. 10. GaJgaJa chufa irra gaJgaJa KanUsaa Warei Liban jaaiara.

VI. 1. Roobaan wali gala qarshii kuma sadii fi dhibba sagal argate. 2. Warri Liban re'ec dhibba afurtami hafeef. 3. Dameen wali gala qarshii afurtam qabdi. 4. Gatiin sangaa (okko qarshii dhibha sagali. 5. Diddami shani fi torbaatamishan walitti dhibba raha. 6. Dhibba sadii fi shantarn taha. 7. Nama tokkoof diddami gaya. 8. Dhibbaa fi diddam taha . 9. Afurtam taha. 10. Torbaatami shan taha.

VII. 1. Namu mana ifi qaba. 2. Maqaan gandi keennyaa Ganda Liban ja'ama. 3. Obb. Liban mana guddaa keessa gala. 4. Ayyaana Oromoof qarshii shan mataatti wali babbaasuu nu ieea jiea. 5. Gaarii, hojii tee 006. 6. Warei Liban mana hinjirani. 7. GaJgala horii galcani. 8. Bara boa, kutaa biyya Arsi keessatti boolIa diddam qoran. 9. Warri Liban hoolota soddami saddeer gurguran. 10. Haw­wiituun shamiza jaha obboleeyan isiitiif bine.

Unit 13

1. 1. hinqabbanowne; 2. ar'a; 3. hinoraanc; 4. hinture; 5. eegde; 6. haga; 7. eegaJee; 8. silaa; 9. hingur­guramnej 10. irra.

n. ari, haa tabu, wayya, dandeessa, joolleen.

V. 1. Bikkoon makaroni kiloo rorbaa fi shaahii paaketa jaha bite. 2. Iani burtukaana kiloo lamaa fi tokko sadeessaa hafeef. 3. Nama tokkoof demma kiloo tokko afreessaa gayaaf. 4. Raazoon wali gala qarshii kudhasagali baaste.

VI. 1. Isiin akka ati as jirtu quba qabdi. 2. Dhagay, buna kee dhugi eessoo hinqabbanowne. 3. Wanta sun ati quba qabda. 4. Gama kiyyaan, yoo ho;ii teetitti qacheelte irra waaya. 5. Hayaa, eessoo hinoraane isiin mana haa deemtu. 6. Ar'a irraa eegalte yaada kee chufaa gama barnoota keetini deebisi.

Unit 14

I. 1. waldayaj 2. yeroo; 3. wal qittha; 4. gargar fuudhatani; 5. simento; 6. qofa, 7. hamaaj 8. gargar; 9. dhaaban; 10. magarsa.

n. gabbatuu, magarsa, biqiJca, buqqee, horsiisti, gargaarani.

m. dhabeennya, fedhii, bareedina, hawwii, beekinsa, hameennya, falminsa, firummaa, ciamaqsa, gaarununaa, gargaarsa, fageennya.

nI. 1. Boruun boqqolloof hektaara 3.20 qaba. 2. MUl'ataaf garbuu qt. 13.00, boqqolloo qt. 15.25 fi dinniccaa qt. 1.50 bafeef. 3. Abbaan Boruu wali gala qarshii 122.5 baase. 4. Abbaan dukaanaa wali gala paakeeta 20 qaba.

[U. 1. Roobaan qamadii fi garbuu magarsa. 2. Mul'ataa fi Boruun bu'aa argame wal qittha hiratani. 3. Bara soddam tshe eega inni fuurlhe. 4. Hidyoonni gaadin waan hamaa fi gaarii gargar fuudharani. 5. Jibriin biqiIcuun bu'aa guddaa fida. 6. Kalce, inni akaafaa sadii bite. 7. Toora bara kudhashan tahe eega waldaya keennya dhaabne. 8. Boru, timmaatima isaani gurguruu isaani irra jira.

I

...... ,Y ................ , .........

Unit 15

I. 1. makaanikaj 2. hirdbaj 3. horH; 4. oraate; 5. gaafi.i; 6. tissituu; 7. qacheelooj 8. cegaj 9. qonuUj 10. dhabni.

IT. qoricca, fayyaa, tahuun, qotinsa, hojii, barsiistuu.

VI. 1. Ibsaan qarshii 320 hafaaf. 2. Roobaan qamadii kintaala 12 hafaaf. 3. Boruun barana hoolota 60 qaba. 4. Gatiin bunaa kiloon tokko bara kana qarshii 8.

VI[. 1. Tokkummaa dhabni diina jabeesa. 2. Wadaay ayyaantuu beekamaa. 3. Waan chuf~ irraa nya.ata dhab . yeroo namaaf hinkennu. 4. Yoo abbaa qoriccaa tahuu fette obsa qabaaccuu SI barbaaCClsa. 5. W::ri Roobaa qottuu. 6. Galgaloon duultuu beekamaa. 7. Ward Saaboo horH tissituu. 8. Mul'ataan baatiini qarshii 1200 argata. Nyaataaf diddami shan dhibbarraa baasa. Meeqaa hafaaf?

Unit 16

I. 1. garagaluu; 2. yaaduuf; 3. burqaanj 4. biyyej 5. hobbaasuuf; 6. hedduummaate; 7. oduu; 8. jijjiira­me; 9. bantiin; 10. abadan.

II.l.T;~F;3.F;~T;~F;6.F;~F;LF;9.F;I~~

Ill.

IV.

1. Instituticci hedduummina ummata addunnyaa Waashington jira. 2. Heddu~~ ummata addunnyaa guyyaa afur keessatti milliona tokko dabala. 3. Bara-baraan heddUllmmmm ummata addunnyaa milliona saddeetami shanitti guddata.

1. Tri'aangle roga sadii qaba. 2. Rektaangle moggaa afur qaba. 3. Diriiraa, jal'aa. 4 .. Pentaagoon roga shani fi moggaa shan qaba. 5. Rogni sadeessaa degree 60 ~aba. 6. Rekta~gle wah gal.~ degree 360 qaba. 7. Pentaagoon waJi gala degree 450 qaba. 8. Wantl moggaa sadil fi roga sadil ~abdu tri'aangle ;a'amti. 9. Ibsaan ifiif 10100 ;ahaa fi tokko sadeessaa hafeef. 10. N~ tokk~~ kintaal~ sadii gayaaf. 11 . Dameen walitti qarshii torbaatam baaste. 12. Roobaan wabtu qarsbii JahaataJru

saddeeti fi asthaa saddeet baase. 13. Dameen qarshii diiddami shani fi asthaa tokko ~ee~ .. 1~ .. Raa~ zoon walitti qarshii diddami shan qabdi. 15. Bara kana hektaara 280 qonne. 16. Gatnn pbnl bara kana qarshii 84.

V. 1. Ee, aroma fuudhuuf yeroon geesse. 2. Dameen hojii hedduu qabdi kanaaf jarjarti. 3. !ur.~aan laga Waabee gaara Chercheri. 4. Roobaan mataan isaa garagaiuu ji~j jaartiin isaa ~ D.!lrtu. 5. Ganda keennya keessatti mannen bIoketi jaaruu eegalani. 6. BantllD. manuen baadiyyaa ch.inaan guddaan muka. 7. Tri'aangle moggaa sadii qaba. 8. Pentaagoon roga shan qaba. 9. Rektaa.oglc degree 360 qaba. 10. Burqaan oduu kanaa BBC.

Unit 17

I. 1. kanaafj 2. immOj 3. argataj 4. dhufte; 5. booda; 6. dabarsi; 7. yookaanj 8. dubbiscj 9. maali ; 10. tokko.

11. 1. akka; 2. qittha; 3. daran; 4. aw; 5. irra; 6. daranj 7. irrn; 8. qinha; 9. irraj 10. daran.

Ill. horan, obboleeyan, dheeraa, WaaqaJ yaamee, irra.

IV. 1. Biyytii Oromoo gaafa Mrikaa keessaa tan bal'ini isii km' 800000 gayu lafa bal'oo ~~.U:::~ 2 Ummanni Oromoo hedduumminaan wnmata gaafa Mrikaa keessaa kan hedduw:nm.m.w. IS •

. . bar Abb .... kan guddinni IS .. km na 25 gayu hunda irra chaala. 3. Blyya Oromoo keessa 000. aafYI 1800 tabu chufa irra guddaa.

V. 1. Inni Hirna deema akkasumattiis isiin. 2. Galaan mana postaa jira booda mana dhufa. 3. Chaaltuun magaalaa yookaan mana baankii jirti. 4. Koppheen tun hedduu qaali immo bareedduu. 5. Turaan hojii dhiise kanaaf saaqa hinqabu. 6. Inni galgala yookaan boru ganama dhufa.

lIT. 1. Abbootiin akka himrutti namu waan facehaase haama. 2. Inni hojii hedduu qaba kanaaf yeroo hinqabu. 3. Itti futi! Gaarii gotte. 4. Dhagay, dhaamsaan siif qaba. 5. lbsaan Hirnarraa dhufa akkasumattiis abbaan isaa. 6. Inni rorbaan kana yookaan rorbaan dhufu BaabiJee deema. 7. Mee dhaamsa kiyya obboleessa keeriif naa dabarsi. 8. Gosri warra-warrarri hiramti. 9. Chaaltuu! Mee naaf gargar baasi, onna jeecuun maaIi? 10. Yaa Waaqayoo! Nu baasi.

Unit 18

r. 1. qabnaj 2. hingalej 3. Yaa Waaqayoo! 4. qabaj 5. hiramaj 6. turanj 7. bararaj 8. Ani bade! 9. Si quudhc! 10. Miilkowtel

[IT. 1. Inni ogeessa tahe. 2. Inni sirbituu raha. 3. Turaan hojiirraa bahe. 4. Isaan biyyaa bahan. 5. Aduun ganama baati. 6. Chaaltuun barsiistuu hintaaru. 7. Nu tumtuu taana. 8. Isin qottuu taatan. 9. Nu biyya keennyaa hinbaanu. 10. Inni manaa babe.

IV. 1. Nu mana sinemaa deemuu hinfennu. 2. Bilisaan iftaan ganama Kombolca hindeemu. 3. Inni kitaaba afaan Oromoo hinqabu. 4. Warri keennya Moyaalee hingalani. 5. Isiin huechuu haaraya bituu hinfettu. 6. Faabrikaa dhawaa kan Dirree Dhawaa keessa jiru hinhaarcesine.

V. 1. Inni qamadij kintaala 24haame. 2. a)furaanakkana: x = 9,y = - 5j b) furaanakkana: x = -3, Y = -5.3. Inni bara 1978 itti boqqolloo kintaala 9 haame. 4. a) 81; b) 9j e) 32; d) 9.

VI. 1. Akkam jirta? 2. Galata, fayyaa! Obbolecssi kee nibarataan dhagaye. 3. Be, inni Baateetti qotinsa barata. 4. Maaliif qotinsa baraccuuf filatte? 5. Barri duraa thiqqoo na rakkise. 6. Akkami saaqni bamootaaf argatu isaaf nigayaa? 7. Be, nigaya. 8. Isniina ganarna Wali gala Qotinsaa fi Baayoologii qabna. 9. Jim'ata sa'aa boodaa Tcknologii fi Kemisrrii qabna. ]0. Barnoota kiyya bara lama booda ninfittha.

Unit 19

I. 1. Oromooj 2. quba qabaj 3. hahaa; 4. afaan qabaj 5. afaan; 6. saba; 7. harkaa qabdij B. garaan badaj 9. rokko; ]0. if darbe.

U. Harer, gaya, sadii, burqa, Oromoo.

a. biraa, hamaa, dhaabuun, saamu, gaafii, daccaa.

V. 1. Gaafa Mrikaa keesa, ununanni harka irraa gudclaa afaan Oromoo dubbatani. 2. Maan Oromoo afaan Kushitik keessaa rokko. 3. Isii gaafaddhu yoo dubbii tana quba qabde. 4. Namni fira hinqabne yeroo hun~a garaan isa bada. 5. Namni tokko ifummaa isaa hoggaa himu ani saba abaluuti ia'a. 6. As~an lfummaa sabaa akkana: tokkununaa afaani, tokkummaa aadaa fi tokkummaa shannyiiti. 7. Kunl tabaa miti, haga baatij dhuftu itri laali. 8. Mana qoriecaa banuuf wal taane. 9. Hoggaan .waayee makiinaa yaadaddhu mataa na garagala. 10. Rakkoon dhuftu haa dhuftu malee, afaan ifi Jabeesuu barbaaeeisa.

101

Unit 20

I. 1. amantiij 2. manni qulqulluu; 3. namnij 4. qoodaj 5. humna; 6. qunname; 7. qaba; 8. Waaqa; 9. lanuneessaaj 10. gala.

II. 1. aarsitij 2. danfistij 3. guddisej 4. dhiheesij 5. dibsiisej 6. amansiise; 7. bansiisaaj 8. ooIciti; 9. bulca; 10. haa gingilcanij 11. galeiti; 12. banaceiisej 13. baracciise; 14. bitacciistij 15. deemsisiise; 16. toleistej 17. dheeresaj 18. ficlacciisi.

Ill. 1. sagal; 2. kudhatorba j 3. kuma tokko; 4. kudbasaddet; 5. saddetami; 6. kuma tokko; 7. shantamij 8. lamaj 9. sadii; 10. jahatam; 11. dhibba saddeet; 12. kuma kudhan.

IV. a) Lakki, daqqiqaa soddam eeguu barbaaceisa. Lakki, sa'aa tokko eeguu barbaaccisa. Lakki, toora sa'aa sadii eeguu barbaaeeiisa.

b) Ee, amma deemuu dandeessa. Be, rhiqqoo booda deemuu dandeessa. Be, daqqiqaa shan keessatti deemuu dandeessa.

VII. 1. Maqaan isaa Waaqa. 2. Oromoonni yeroo chufaa Waaqa yaadatani. 3. Kadhaa galgalaatti Oro­moonni !lYaa Waaqayoo kan nagayaan na ooleite nagayaan na buleiJl ja'ani kadhatani. 4. Ee, du'a booda jiruun lammeessaan akka iirtu Oromonni niamanani. 5. Warcega gosa-gosaa jira. 6. Namni ajaja Waaqayooti hinbule adabsa guddaa argata.

VIII. 1. Roobaan saree isaa gurraaccoo wajjin tabaecuu ture. 2. Hoggaa Roobaan rafuu jiru sareen isaa gurraaccoon fiige ehaakkaa kcessa dhakote. 3. Roobaan afaan lagaatti raaeca tokko arke. 4. Sareen chaakkaa keessatti bakka bal'ootti ehiisuu turc.

X. 1. Waaqni samii keessa gala. 2. Ummanni Oromoo Waaqa yeroo chufaa yaadatani. 3. Akka amantii Oromootti, uumaa Waaqaa keessatti waan ehufaa bakka ifi qaba. 4. Manni quJquJluu utubaa jiruu hawaasaati. 5. Ummanni Oromoo hwnna waan hundaa kan jaareti amanani. 6. Waaqni samii keessa jira. 7. Oromoonni Waaqa samii fi daeeii uumeti amanani. 8. Mee mana quJqu11uu na agar­siisi. 9. Namu akka hojii isaa argata. 10. Akka amantii Oromootti du'a booda jiruu lammeessa jira.

Unit 21

I. 1. harka qabdij 2. iala hindeemnej 3. qabataj 4. wal qittha; 5. afurtamj 6. Abbaa Bokkuj 7. ga­raa jabaaccuunj 8. keessa dabarte; 9. wal fakkaatani; 10. wali galan.

H. hawaasaa, qaeheelca, baasee, baraatti, akcekatee, barbaacdsa.

lII. 1. Isiin nama beekamtuu. 2. Kofoon kuru adii. 3. Inni hedduu dureessa. 4. Goggiraan tuni gurraattii. 5. Isiin nama gaarii. 6. Inni nama irraanfatamaa.

V. 1. Naannowni Gadaa tokko bara afurtami. 2. Heerri mootummaa afuri. 3. Ati kubbaa tabaccuun takka geessa. 4. Naannowni Gadaa rokko bakka shan itti hirama. 5. Mootummaan jiruu hawaasaa biyyaa qacheelca. 6. Mootummaan sagaruaa bamootaa akka fedhii baraatti qoppheesa. 7. Qilleensa haa fuudhanu. 8. Ati waan hedduu keessa dabarte. 9. Sabni tokko fedhii hawaasaa gara-garaa qaba. 10. Isaan mana dhukkubsataa jaaruuf wali galan.

Unit 22

1. 1. eegaj 2. akka; 3. eegaj 4. akka; 5. hagaj 6. waayee; 7. gamaj 8. eegasu; 9. hammaj 10. waayee; 11. haga; 12. gama; 13. cegasuj 14. hanunaj 15. akka; 16. eegaj 17. haga; 18. waayee.

H. 1. jaarata; 2. muratti; 3. tolfatej 4. haa fuudhatu; 5. gurguratcj 6. jijiiirattej 7. haa kaayatuj 8. ba­ranna; 9. yaadatti; 10. uumatani; 11. beessifatani; 12. deemsifaddhu; 13. guddifattij 14. dhih-

,!j Key to bxercues

eefaddhu; 15. banatc; 16. haa tolfatu; 17. hinbitanncj 18. hintolfannc; 19. hinuumattinaa; 20. hin­beessifanne.

n. politikaa, guddatte, bal'ate, owwaa, yaada, humna, Oromoo, akeckatani, lafa.

IV. 1. TooTa jaaraa XII irratti duulli Habashaa fi Mootununaa Islaamotaa jidduu owwaa decme, 2. Hundeen lolaa Habashaa fi Mootummaa Islaamotaa jidduu lafa Oromoo ture. 3. Imaam Ahmed bara 1529- 1543 itti Habashaa chabse. 4. Portugaalli Habashaa gargaare. 5. Amir Nurituu biyya Habashaa rukute. 6. Bara 1559 itti Amir Nurituu mootii Habashaa Galaawdiyos ajjeese. 7. Loltuun Amir Nur Hasalootti rukutaman. 8. Hasaloo irratti loltuun Oromoo loltuu Amir Nur rukute.

VI. 1. As itti hubbacciisaa tokkoon qaba. 2. Hundeen lalaa Habashaa fi Mootummaa Islaamotaa jidduu lafa Oromoo ture. 3. LaftH harka abbaati deebite. 4. Imaam Ahmed magaalota Habashaa hedduu gube. 5. Mee isaaf ibsi. 6. Seenaa Oromoo tan gaafa suni hedduu lalistuu. 7. Hayaa, ittumaan jira. 8. Yeroo 1529- 1559 keessatti Habashaa fi Mootummaan Islaarnotaa waJi ka'an. 9. Dhiifamal Ani hinfedhu. 10. Yaa Waaqayoo! Haalli gaafa suni taba hinture.

Unit 23

L 1. bakka; 2. Waaqa; 3. gatii; 4. tuftaa; 5. cchamtuu; 6. dura; 7. baasu; 8. gargaarij 9. hawwiin; 10. kakuun.

L 1. Inni hoggaa hinrafne deemi. 2. Isiin akka hindhufne itti himani. 3. BiJisaan boru akka Jirnma hindeemne godhani. 4. Dameen hoggaa barnoota hinfitthne nu bira hojjatti. 5. Inni akka boru galgala makiinaan hindeebine dhagaye. 6. Ibsaa fi Hawwiituun hoggaa Hirna hindhaqne isin gaafatani.

I. 1. Aadaa Oromoo keessatti Buna qalaan bakka guddaa qaba. 2. Buna qalaa jeccuun kadhaa jeccuu. 3. Ee, hoggaa fuudhaa, hoggaa jabbiin dhaltee fi hoggaa jaartiin dhaluu geesse buna qaJani. 4. Kadhaan Waaqa biratti nu dhiheesa. 5. Buna qalame jara mana ayyaanatu keessa galani fi ollaafhirama. 6. Hog­gaa buna qalame hiramu "Kuma horaa, kuma bobbaasaa" ja'ani eebbisani.

1. 1. Aadaa Oromoo keessatti Buna qalaan bakka guddaa qaba . 2. Ununanni Oromoo Waaqa ulfeesa. 3. Yaa Waaqayoo! Rakkoorraa nu baasi. 4. Ummanni Waaqa ulfeesu eebbaaf gatii hedduu kenna. 5. Waaqni jiruu dheertuu sHf haa kennu. 6. Buna qalaa jeccuun kadhaa jeccuu. 7. Kadhaan Waaqa biratti nu dhiheesa. 8. \Vaaqaa beeka! 9. Waaqru hawwii tee siif haa guutu. 10. Yaa Waaqayoo na qacheelci.

Unit 24

1. 1. Rj 2. d; 3. ej 4. g; 5. h; 6. c; 7. bi 8. fj 9. jj 10. i.

1. politikaa, biyya, nagaya, deemte, sadii.

1. 1. booda; 2. dura; 3. guyyuu; 4. inumaa; 5. guyyuu; 6. inwnaaj 7. guyyuu; 8. booda; 9. asi; 10. fagoo.

V. 1. Ibsaan kitaaba sadii hinbinne. 2. ObboleettHn tiyya gama magaalaa hindeemtu. 3. Dheengadda, Hawwiituun burtukaana hingurgurre . 4. Wadaay mana haaraya kan qooda shan qabu ifiif hinjaarre. 5. BaatH dabre, inni waldaya keessan hinseenne. 6. Dameen seera hinbaranne.

"I. 1. Ummanni Oromoo wal irraa fagaatani galani. 2. Naaf hingalle, mee irra deebi'i. 3. Kuni hununaa miti, hojii kiyya . 4. Born, ani thayaaraan Jimma deemuu fedha . 5. Obboleessi kiyya London itti bara[a. 6. Ati hedduu na gargaarte, galata, nagayatti.

~

! \

t , j • •

I I

f

10\1

Unit 25

1. 1. guuti; 2. jirs; 3. jalabarreessi; 4. fuudhataa; 5. erguu; 6. thalayaa; 7. asthaan; 8. qarshiij 9. dandayaj 10. namaaf.

II. teessoo, dhaamsa, qubee, kee, kennite .

III. 1. Thalayaa thayaaraa, thalayaa daflnsaa, thalayaa amanaa . 2. Ee, mana postaatti kitaabaa fi waan biraa biyya kecssaa fi biyya alaatti erguu dandeennya. 3. Ee, mans postaatti saaqa nama taheef dabarsuu dandeennya. Immo, saaqa dabarsaan biyyuma keessaaf qofa godhama.

I Grammatical Index

I

} Abstract Nouns 72- 73 Negation Periphrastic 78 Accent XIII Negative - past 32 Adjective - comparison 18 - present 27

- gender 16 Noun - case 4-5, 33, 57 - number 17- 18 - gender S

Adverb - degree 28 - number 10 - manner 28-29 Numbers - cardinal 12 - place 24 - ordinal 57 - time 22, 38

Adverbial Clause 66 Participle 16, 68 Past (perfect) 5-{;

Past Perfect 37-38 Case - base (incl. accusative) 5 Phonology XI- XIV

- dative 57 Postpositions 32 - genitive 33 Prepositions 18 - instrumental 57 Present (Imperfect) 5-{; - nominative 4 Present Continuous 37- 38 - subject 4 Present Perfect 37-38

Compound Nouns 73 Preverbs 47,53

I Compound Tenses 37-38 Pronouns - interrogative 12, 23 Conditional 67 - object 4

r Consonants XI- XIV - possessive 11 Coordination - of nouns 33 - reciprocal 42

/ - of verbs 38 - reflexive 47

Copula 6 - subject 4 Purposive Sentences 67

Definitiveness 10-11 I Demonstratives 11 Relative Sentences 56, 66 ,

5-6 f

Subjunctive Exclamation 89 Subordinate (Subjunctive) 5-6

Future 37 'That' clause 67 'To be' fr.7 Tone XIII

Gerund 69

Verbs - causatin SI-53

- intensive-frequentative 77-78 Idioms 99, 107-109 - passive 42 Imperative 5-6 - reflexive middle 22, 78 Imperfect (Present) 5-6 Vowels XI-XII, XIV

, Jussivc 28 Word Order 12 ,

Basic Bibliography

Ainsworth F., Sharamo Guyyo Boraana B . Co " , as le urse, Nairobi 1970 Anonymous (Hailu Fida), Hirmaatadubbii A<-- I . .l.dUnoromo, s .. 1973. Bender M. L., Ereffa M. Galla [in ,] ed Be d M L

130--148. ) '. n er . . et al., Language in Ethiopia, London 1976:

Bo~ell~ M., Grammatica di lingua galla (aroma), Tarino 1939. ~eJeOl~ ~eta, Oroma for Beginners, Awassa 1975, MS ~aspaflOl A., A Practical Outlipe of Gujji Grammar, Awassa 1979 Jragg G., Oroma of WelJegga [in:] ed. Bender M L Th " .

Lansing 1976: 166-196. .., e,Non-Semltlc Languages of Ethiopia, East

::;r~gg G., Oroma Dictionary, Chicago 1982. fieloe B., Munyo - an Droma Dialect [in'] H' B

1980. . eme., The Non-Bantu Languages of Kenya, Berlin

:-eine B., The Waara Dialect of Dromo, Berlin 1981. ... aunhardt J., Guide to Learning the Oromo Lan \{ M guage, Add;, Ababa 1973.

oreno . M., Favole e rime galla, Roma 1935.

\1.oreno M. M., Grammatica teorico-pratica della lingua galla Milano 1939 ?wens J., A Grammar of Harar Oromo, Hamburg 1985. ) . ,troomer H., A Comparative Study of Thr S h rhiene Da G., Dizionario della lm' gua Il

ee H

out ern Oromo Dialects in Kenya, Leiden 1987.

ga a, arar 1939. rrudn~ s G., Oro.~o D~cumentation, Bibliography and Maps, Warsaw 1984 ~ en tur~no B., D~z~onar~o borana-italiano, Bologna 1973. . enturlno B., Dlzlonano italiano-borana, Marsabit 1976. ~ebster E. J., Bomn Gramma N V

rotes, ocabulary and Exercises, Marsabit s.d.

I

!

1

! I

Podstawowe wiadomosci 0 i\,zyku oromo

J~yk oromo (do 1974 stosowano na swiecie niewlasciw~ nazw~ "galla") uiywany jest obecnic przez ponad 20 milion6w ludzi w Etiopii Oral p6lnocnej Kenii. Jest to nie tylko najwazniejszy obok ambarskiego (z grupy etiosemickiej) j~yk wieloj~cznej Etiopii, uzywany dodatkowo przez kilka milion6w jako lingua franea, ale taki:e jeden z gl6wnych j~yk6w Afryki w og6le, po arabskim, swahili i hausa. Oromo naldy do podgrupy wschodniej i~zyk6w kuszyckich, w sklad kt6rej wchodzi mi~dzy innymi takZe somalijski oraz afar-saho, ten osratni uiywany na terenie Dzibuti oraz Poludniowej Erytrei. Grupa kuszycka z kolei stanowi cz~e wielkiej rodziny j~zyk6w chamito-semickich zwanych takZe afroazjaryckimi. GI6wne dialekty oromo to dialekt prowincji Wellegga, czyli zachodni, dialekt wschodni z centrum w miescie Harar, czyJi hararski oraz dialekt poludniowy borana, uzywany na poludniu Etiopii oraz w Kenii. lone dialekty to odmiany uiywane przez regionalne grupy w Etiopii (Tulama, Arsi, Gudi:dzi, Raja) oraz w Kenii (Orms, Munyo i Waata).

Od pocz~tku swojej historii, tj. od wieku XVI nar6d Oromo odgrywaJ wazJlll rol~ w dziejach Afryki p6lnocno-wschodniej, dz.i~i swojej wysoko rozwini~tej i oryginalnej kulturze, w tym r6wniez bardzo demokratycznej i sprawnie dzialaj~cej organizacji spoJecznej. Na skutek politycznej dominacji amharskiej oraz polityki antynarodowosciowej j~zyk oromo, posiaciaj:tCY bogat~ literatur~ ustwb Slat si~ j~zykiem

pisanym dopiero w roku 1975, ri. po upadku cesarstwa etiopskiego. Obecnie r~d etiopski propaguje wyl~cznie etiopskie pismo sylabiczne, kt6re stwarza przy pisaniu szereg trudnosci i kt6rego Oromo w wi~­kszosci rue akceptujll,. opowiadai~c si~ za alfaberem lacinskim.

J~k aroma posiada stosunkowo pros~ struktur~, co przyczyniJo si~ - obok czynnik6w socjolin­gwistycznych - do szerokiego rozpowszechnienia tego j~yka. W systemie fonologicznym typOwe s~ dla obszaru etiopskiej Iigi i-:zykowej sp6Jgloski glottalizowane, albo ejekrywne pisane w popularnej k011wencji jako Iphl, IthT, Ichl oraz 'q' a takze rerroficksyjne /dlll. Fonemem jest takZe zwarcie krtaniowe 1'1. System samoglosek sklada si~ z lil, fel, lal, /0/, lul z opozycj~ kr6tkie : dlugie. Dla niekt6rych dialekt6w poIudnio­wych charakterysryczna jest wymowa bezd.iwi~zna samoglosek na koncu wyrazu. TrWa ,dyskusja c:zy j~k aroma jest j~ykiem tonalnym, czy tei dystynkrywny jest rue ton, lecz akcent. Prostsza wydaje si~ interpretacja systemu suprasegmcnralnego jako akcentowego. W kaidym razie wyst-:puje tylko jedna opozyc;a (np. syJaba akcentowana : nieakcentowana) a Jiczba par minimalnych jest niewielka, tak ±e w piSmie praktycznie pomija si~ fonemy suprasegmentalne. J e!Ii chodzi 0 rzeczownik a tak.Ze zaimek, to interesuj:tCY jest system przypadkowy, w kt6rym wyst~uje mianownik peln.i~cy funkcj~ podmiotu z konoow~ -lIi, ale podstawow:t form~ jest przypadek zaleiny pelni~cy funkcj~ zar6wno orzecznika, jak i dopelniacza blizszego oraz formy uiywanej np. przy cytowaniu. Istnieje poza tym kilka sekundamych przypadk6w, kt6rych konc6wki S!l historycznie rzecz bior~c pierwotnymi postpozycjami. DIa rzeczownika charakterystyczny jest daleko posuni~ty zanik kategorii liczby (forma liczby pojedynczej utywana jest op. wredy, gdy orzeczenie jest w liczbie mnogiej, albo gdy t".leczownik jest okreslany przez Iiczebnik), co jest r6wnid jedruJ. z cech poludnia etiopskiej ligi j~zykowej. Dawne konc6wki liczby mnogiej, chociat rzadko uiywane (zwlaszcza np. w dialekcie borana), ieszcze si~ zachowaly. Rodzajnik okreSlony poch . od dawnego sufiksu singulativum. W systemie czasownikowym wysr~puje tylko kuszycka koniugacja sufiksalna, przy ealkowitym zaniku chamito-semickiej koniugacji prefiksalnej. podstawowe kategorie t czas teratniejszy z -a, czas przeszJy z -e oraz subjunktiwus z -u, pelnillCY r6wnie± funkcj~ zaprzeczoneg czasu teratniejszego. Istnieje ponadto kilka nowych konstrukcji peryfrastycznych z dwoma czasow . posilkowymi: "bye czyms, kimS; bye gdzieS" lub "miee miejsce, wydarzye si~, zostae". Podstaw.o szyk skJadniowy to S 0 v, co r6wniez jest jedJlll z cech ligi etiopskiej. W slowWcrwie, obok zasadnicze

1I't

cz~ci pochodzenia kuszyckiego, istnieje pewna liczba zapozyczen amharskich, wyratnic mniej arabskich, a calkiem niewiele z j~k6w europejskich.

Niniejszy podr~ik dialektu hararskiego jest pierwszym od kilkudziesi~iu lat drukowanym podr~­nikiem j~ka oromo. Podstawowa gramatyka J. Owensa A Grammar of Harar Dromo ukazala si~ w Ham­burgu w roku 1985.

PRACE KOMISJI ORIENTALISTYCZNEJ

Ukazaly si~:

Nr 1. Anna Kmietowicz, Skarb srebrny z miejscowoJci Ochle, pottJ. Kola. Ossolineum 1962. Nr 2. Andrze; Czapkiewicz, Sprachprohen aus Madaba. PWN 1960. Nr 3. Tadeusz Pobo:iniak, Grammar of the Lovari Dialect. PWN 1964. Nr 4. Franciszek Machalski, La Littdrature de l'Iran cDntemporain. I. La poesie persane de l'ePDque

du "r4tJeil des Iran£ens" jwqu'au coup d'ttal de Retia .ffan (environ 1880-1921). Ossolineum 1965. Nr 5. Wlodzirnierz Zaj::(czkowski, J~zyk i folklor GagauzOw z Bu/gari;. PWN 1966. Nr 6. Franci8zek Machalski, La LitteralUre de l'Iran contemporain. 1I. La poesie rh l'ipoque th R~

SOh PahlatJi (1921-1941) . O,solineuro 1967. Nr 7. Tadeusz Milewski, Etudes typologiques sur les langues indigbJes th l'Amenque. PWN 1967. Nr 8. tr6d/a arabskie do dziej6w Slow;aliszczyzny. Il. 1, rcd. Tadeusz Lewicki. Ossolineum 1969. Nr 9. Tadeusz Lewicki, Arabic external sources for the history of AfM'ca to the South of Sahara. 08S0-

lineum 1969. Nr 10. Roman Stopa, Structure of Bushman and its traces in ltldo-European. Ossolineum 1972. Nr 11. Andrzej Czapkiewi~, The verb in modern Arabic dialects as an exponent of the development

processes occurring in them. Ossolineum 1974. Nr 12. Wlodzimierz Zahczkowski, J~zyk i folklor Tatardr.o z Dobrudiy rumuiiskiej. Ossolineum 1975. Nr 13. Stanislaw Stachowski, Studien aber die arabischen LehnuJorter im Osmanisch-Ttnkischen. Teil

I: A -I. Ossolineum 1975. Nr 14. trOd/a arabskie do dziejdr.o SIO'llJiarlszczyzny. Il. 2, red. Tadeu8z Lewicki, Ossolineum 1977. Nr 15. Staoislaw Stachowski, Studien aber die arabischen Lehnworter im Osmanisch-Tarkischen. Teil

11: K-M. Ossolineum 1977. Nr 16. Franciszek Machalski, La liuerature de l'Iran cOnlemporain. Ossolineum 1980. Nr 17. Stanislaw StachOW8ki, Studien uber die arabischen Lehnworter ;m Osmanisch-Tarkischen. Teil

Ill: N - T. Os,olineuro 198!. Nr 18. Zr6dla arabskie do dziej6to Slowiatiszczyzny. Ill, red. Tadeusz Lewicki. Ossolineum 1985. Nr 19. Stanislaw Stachowski, Studien aber die arabischen Lehnworter im Osmanisch-TDrkischen. Tt;l

IV: U - Z . Ossolineuro 1986. Nr 20. Tadeusz Lewicki, Maria Czapkiewicz, Franciszek Kmietowicz, trddla arabskie do dziejdvJ

S/O'Wialuzc%y%ny. IV. Indeksy do t. Il. 1, Il. 2, Ill. OssoIineum 1988.