MQL2008

Gerund, to-infinitive czy bare infinitive? (Verb patterns)

Czasowniki wystpujce bezporednio po tych z tabelki musz przyj okrelon form: 1) tzw. gerund, czyli czasownik z kocwk ing; 2) to-infinitive, czyli czasownik, przed ktrym stoi przyimek to; 3) bare infinitive, czyli czasownik w formie podstawowej bez adnych kocwek.

to-infinitive

(Bezokolicznik z to) Gerund

(czasownik +ing) bare infinitive

(Bezokolicznik bez to) agree zgodzi si

cant help nie mc si powstrzyma (od)

let pozwala

want chcie

cant stand nie znosi

make zmusza/ nakania

decide zdecydowa (si)

(dont) mind (nie) mie co przeciw

can mc, umie, potrafi

expect oczekiwa

enjoy lubi

could forma przesza od can

refuse odmwi

deny zaprzeczy

may uywany w probach, pozwoleniach (fml)

(be) easy by atwym

look forward to oczekiwa na (z niecierpliwoci)

might forma przesza od may

would like/ love (pojedyncza syt.) mie ochot na

admit przyzna

must musie

would prefer (pojedyncza syt.) wole/ preferowa

attempt sprbowa, podej do

will uywany w probach, ofertach, czas przysz.

be good at by dobrym w

would forma przesza od will

fancy mie ochot na

would rather wole

finish skoczy

had better (d better) lepiej eby()(my) - doradzanie

to-infinitive lub Gerund no difference [Czasownik +ing lub bezokolicznik z to bez zmiany znaczenia]

begin zaczyna (si)

start zaczyna love

uwielbia, kocha hate

nienawidzie like lubi

prefer preferowa, wole cant bear nie m znie continue kontynuowa intend zamierza

Czasowniki, po ktrych kolejne czasowniki mog przyj dwie formy, ale ze zmian znaczenia:

stop stop + bezokolicznik z to

= zatrzyma si, aby co zrobi They stopped to talk. Zatrzymali si, aby porozmawia.

stop + czasownik z ing = przesta co robi They stopped talking to each other. Przestali ze sob rozmawia.

remember remember + bezokolicznik z to = nie zapomnie czego ( w odniesieniu do przyszoci) I remember to send the letter. Pamitam, aby wysa list.

remember + czasownik z ing = nie zapomina o czym (w odniesieniu do przeszoci) I remember sending the letter. Pamitam, e wysaem list.

forget forget + bezokolicznik z to = zapomnie co zrobi I forgot to send the letter. Zapomniaem wysa list.

forget + czasownik z ing = zapomnie, e si co zrobio. I forgot sending the letter. Zapomniaem, e wysaem list.

try try + bezokolicznik z to =zrobi co jak najlepiej si potrafi I tried to repair the car but it didnt work.

try + czasownik z ing =wyprbowa jaki sposb, sprbowa If you stained your blouse with blood, try washing it in cold water.

regret regret + bezokolicznik z to =aowa tego co si wydarzy I regret to say we wont get a Christmas bonus.

regret + czasownik z ing =aowa czego, co si ju wydarzyo I regret inviting him to the party. He completely spoilt it.

need need + bezokolicznik z to I need to take more exercise.

need + czasownik z ing The batteries in the radio need changing.

go on go on + bezokolicznik z to After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy. (=przeszed do omawiania innych spraw)

go on + czasownik z ing We must change our ways. We cant go on living like this. (=nie moemy cigle tak y)

EXERCISES: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.

1. A: Can you . . . . . . . . . . . . . (help) me with the dishes, please? B: Yes, then we could . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) for a walk, what do you think?

2. A: Do you enjoy . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) to parties? B: Yes, I love . . . . . . . . . . . . . (meet) new people.

3. A: I expected . . . . . . . . . . . . . (see) Tony here tonight. B: Well, he wanted . . . . . . . . . . . . . (come), but he was busy.

4. A: Lets . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) to the cinema or would you rather . . . . . . . . . . . . . (watch) TV? B: Well, I usually prefer . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) out to . . . . . . . . . . . . . (stay) at home, but tonight

I think Id prefer . . . . . . . . . . . . . (watch) TV.

5. A: Well, Terry, are you looking forward to . . . . . . . . . . . . . (fly) to Paris? B: No I hate . . . . . . . . . . . . . (travel)!

6. A: Mum agreed . . . . . . . . . . . . . (lend) me her car. B: You mean shes really going to let you . . . . . . . . . . . . . (drive) her BMW?

7. A: Steve always makes me . . . . . . . . . . . . . (laugh). B: Me too. I love . . . . . . . . . . . . . (listen) to his funny stories.

8. A: Mr Harris, do you mind . . . . . . . . . . . . . (work) long hours? B: No, not at all. Actually I was wondering if I could . . . . . . . . . . . . . (do) some overtime.

9. This player wont work. Try . . . . . . . . . . . . . (push) the red button.

10. She decided . . . . . . . . . . . . . (move) into a new flat.

11. My mother wants me . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) shopping with her on Saturday.

12. Gina would . . . . . . . . . . . . . (love) to travel to Jordan.

13. I tried . . . . . . . . . . . . . (contact) you all day yesterday. Sorry, I was away.

14. Helen doesnt mind . . . . . . . . . . . . . (walk) for an hour every morning to get to work.

15. Its not my fault. He made me . . . . . . . . . . . . . (lie) to you!

16. It may . . . . . . . . . . . . . (snow) during the night.

17. My brother never lets me . . . . . . . . . . . . . (drive) his car.

18. Dont forget . . . . . . . . . . . . . (lock) the door.

19. He stopped . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have) a snack, then he went back to work. 20. I regret . . . . . . . . . . . . . (say) that to her. It hurt her.

21. She made him . . . . . . . . . . . . . (eat) all his dinner before watching TV.

22. Stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . (talk) at once!

23. Hell never forget . . . . . . . . . . . . . (meet) Mel Gibson.

24. Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . (send) a postcard.

25. Do you fancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . (join) us?

26. A: Tim isnt very sociable, is he? B: No, he prefers . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) alone rather than with others.

27. I hate . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) to the opera.

28. I regret . . . . . . . . . . . . . (say) that the concert has been cancelled.

29. What would you like . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have) for dessert?

30. A: Does Greg know how to swim? B: No, I dont know why, though. Its so easy . . . . . . . . . . . . . (learn).

31. Ill always remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . (visit) Venice. It was so romantic.

32. I couldnt help . . . . . . . . . . . . . (notice) that Ray has bought a new laptop.

33. Id like . . . . . . . . . . . . . (leave) a bit earlier today.

34. Did he agree . . . . . . . . . . . . . (invite) Bob to the party?

Paraphrase.

1. Jennifer is happy to work overtime. Jennifer doesnt mind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Driving her new car makes Carla happy. Carla loves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Its not Emmas fault shes so shy. Emma cant help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. Sam said he would go to the party. Sam agreed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. Julie sat down and started to cry. Julie sat down and began . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. Joe would prefer to stay in tonight. Joe would rather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7. I might see him later. I may . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. He cant wait to go on holiday. Hes looking forward to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9. She didnt want to go to school. She refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10. Dave hates playing rugby. Dave cant stand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

to-infinitive (Bezokolicznik z to)Gerund to-infinitive lub Gerund no difference