Gandhi Ataturk Khomeini HusseinBen- Gurion Mandela Kenyatta Arafat.
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Transcript of Gandhi Ataturk Khomeini HusseinBen- Gurion Mandela Kenyatta Arafat.
Gandhi Ataturk Khomeini
Hussein Ben-Gurion
Mandela
Kenyatta Arafat
The Road to Independence
By 1945, what parts of the world were not free from
foreign rule?
Presentation Dates:
1. Tues., 5/13 – Gandhi2. Friday, 5/16 – Ataturk,
Khomeini, Ben-Gurion, Arafat, Hussein (potential spill-over Monday, 5/19)
3. Tuesday, 5/20 – Kenyatta, Nkrumah, Mandela
Fall of Ottoman Empire (Post
WWI)
European Imperialism (1800’s)
1.
2.
3.
India: From Past to Present
What do you remember about the history of India?
Task:
Identify the significance of the
following events/ideas
relevant to the history of the Middle East.
Answers:1. Indus/Ganges2. Dharma: duties; Karma: actions3. Fixed social structure; untouchables4. Nirvana5. Prince Siddhartha Gautama6. Leads to moksha7. Mauryan Empire/Gupta Dynasty8. Buddhists reject caste system9. Akbar the Great10. Mughal11. Rebellion against British laws12. Indian National Congress/Muslim League13. British East India Company14. Raj15. Taj Mahal; tomb for Emperor’s wife
Timeline of India: Key Events
AB
3,000 BC
500-500
C
1500’s
1800’s
D
A)Indus & Ganges Rivers
FERTILE SOIL!
A)Indus River Valley (3,000 BCE)
Social Hierarchy: Caste System
SudrasSudras
VaisyasVaisyas
Kshatriyas Kshatriyas
BrahminsBrahmins
(Warriors)
(Farmers, artisans, merchants)
(The conquered, servants, laborers)
Pariahs [Harijan] Untouchables
(Priests)
CAST
ES
A)Hinduism vs. B)Buddhism• Hinduism
– Time: ca. 2,000 BCE– Goal: ______________
•Role of dharma and ______________
– Founder: ? (Aryanism)– Beliefs:
•Polytheistic•Reincarnation•Supports Caste
System
• Buddhism– Time: ca.500 BCE– Goal: ______________
• 4 Noble Truths• ______________ Path
– Founder: Prince Siddhartha Gautama
– Beliefs: •Polytheistic•Reincarnation•Equality• ______________ caste system
B) ______________ Dynasty: Golden Age of India (ca. 200 BCE)
Reign of Asoka & the spread of Buddhism
Trade, Prosperity, Tolerance, Public Works, EDUCATION (math & science)
C) ______________ Rule in India (15th c/Muslim Dynasty):
Sha Jahan
___________ The GreatSame dynasty that gets
taken over by the Europeans (19th c)!
Religious
Toleration
D) The British in India –“__________”
“The Jewel in the Crown”
Multiple Choice Review1. 42. 13. 44. 15. C6. C7. C8. B9. A10.D11.A12.1 (horrible question)
13. C14. A15. B16. 417. 118. 319. 120. 221. B
What METHODS work best to achieve something you want (or believe in)?
Task:1.Explain an instance when you felt strongly
about an issue/or wanted something (that you believed in).
2. How did you attempt to pursue this issue/goal?
3.What were the results? Was your method effective? Why or Why not?
Mohandas GandhiMohandas Gandhi
NEHRU •Members of the INC;
Demanding independenc
e from GB pre-WWI
Muslim League:
To partition India and
create a free Islamic state
(1906)
GANDHITake notes on the following events & be
ready to discuss!
1. South Africa (begins with train scene)2. Conditions in India3. Gandhi’s Actions/Plan4. Amritsar Massacre5. Discussion w/British6. Salt March/Saltworks7. Funeral
Salt MarchMarch 1930
Nonviolent protest against British imposed salt tax making it illegal to sell or produce
salt
-What took place?-Why is this an act of civil
disobedience?
Independence:1. India: Independence in
1947; a ___________ statea.World’s largest
_____________________b.US ally
2. Creation of _______________; a Muslim state
3. Tensions:a. Disputed area: Kashmirb. Sikhism: Hindu & Islam
4. Both countries possess __________ weaponsa. Threats
5. Gandhi’s dream unfulfilled
1. Nehru (1947-1964)
2. Indira Gandhi (Nehru’s daughter) (1964-1984)
Assassinated
3. Indira’s son, Rajiv (1984-1989)
Assassinated
India Today1. Practice of _____________________
still exists (rural areas)– Despite ban in Constitution
2. Less education for _____________3. Poverty (1/3); overcrowded
cities4. Sikhs demanding self-rule in
Punjab5. ____________ Revolution:
method to increase food production– New methods of irrigation,
seeds– Dependency on monsoons
PM Singh
Pakistan Today
1. Political Instability
2. As of 9/2008, elected President, Zardari
3. said to have aided US to find Bin Laden
- Bin Laden found in Pakistan (2011)
The Middle East: From Past to Present What do you remember about this part of the world?
Task:
Identify the following historical
events/ideas relevant to the history of the Middle East.
1.River Valley: The City States of Mesopotamia
World Map? (600 BC) - CuneiformBabylon = rectangle
Euphrates – diagonal
Kingdoms = small circles
Ocean = large circles (around world?)
Babylon (city-state)
•King Hammurabi ~ 1792-1750 BCE
•CODE OF HAMMURABI
•1st written legal system
1. River Valley:
Mesopotamia
Ziggurat at Ur (2,100 BCE)
1. River Valley:
Mesopotamia
The Hebrews (approx 2,000 BC) 1st
monotheistic religion
1. River Valley: Mesopotamia
2. The Rise of Christianity 26 AD
+
3. Emergence of Islam (7th c)
Saudi ArabiaAbbasid Dynasty:
Golden Age Advances in Math/Science
Coin of the Abbasids, Baghdad, Iraq, 1244
Holy Book
4. The Islamic (Ottoman) Empire (approx 950)
Mughal (Muslim) Rule in India:
Sha Jahan
Akbar The Great
5. THE CRUSADES (1099) a series of wars fought between the Christian and Muslim
world for the “holy land”
“Deus lo volt!” – God wills it!
6. Mandates in the ME (post WW-I)
Ottoman (Muslim) Empire (1453 - 1918)
Situation of Middle East ~ Palestine
Balfour Declaration – in regard to Ottoman lands (1917)Dear Lord Rothschild,
His Majesty's government view with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this goal. Nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country. -Arthur James BalfourQuestion: What is Balfour
saying? He supports Zionism (homeland for Jews in Palestine)
Roman Empire (44 BCE)
Byzantine Empire (476)
Ottoman (Muslim) Empire (1453 - 1918)
The Middle East – Post 1945
1. What was the political status of many Middle Eastern nations post-WWI (1920’s)?a. Why did this
happen?
2. What happened to Turkey? How?
What 3 events do you think are most significant? Why?
What does this mean for
us?
OPECOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
• Created in 1960 by Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela TO CONTROL OIL INDUSTRY (production & prices)
• 12 members today• 50+% of world’s production & OVER
75% reservesWhat is the significance of this data?
DEPENDENCY
Explain how the following words are associated with each man? (p. 911-915)
1. Ataturk Secular Turkey Soviets democracy
2. Nasser SuezCanal
Israel Pan-Arab nationalize
3. Sadat Egypt America Israel assassinated
4. Pahlavi West Elite America ulama
5. Khomeini Sharia West Islamic women
Middle East Nationalist Figures: What are the legacies of these men?
ATATURK NASSER KHOMEINI
Creation of a free, secular
Turkey & Democracy
Arab Nationalist
/ends British control of
Suez Canal
Creation of an Islamic
Fundamentalist state in Iran;
over throws the Shah
3. Ayatollah KhomeiniIranian Revolution (1979)
Shah PahlaviKhomeini
Current Iranian Leadership
• Supreme LeaderAli Hoseini-Khamenei
• PresidentMahmud Ahmadinejad
Ayatollah
1. What two groups of people want independence in Jerusalem? Independence from who?
2. What are their claims to the land?
3. Who do you think has the strongest claims? Why?
Arab-Israeli Conflict:
Arab-Israeli Conflict: Palestine
1. Birthplace of Judaism (Hebrew Civilization); Exodus, Diaspora
2. Palestine was part of Islamic & Ottoman Empire (rule by Muslims)
3. Acquired by the British (post-WWI); Balfour Declaration (1917) – Jewish “right to homeland”
4. The Holocaust
Israel Becomes a Nation: May 14, 1948
Israel Becomes a Nation: May 14, 1948
MAY 15th = WAR(S)
David Ben-
Gurion:
1st Prime Minist
er
David Ben-
Gurion:
1st Prime Minist
er
The Six Day War
Egypt: Anwar Sadat
(Nasser’s successor, 1970)
Human Rights Abuses; dictatorship;
corruption, wide class gap;
overthrown in 2011
Makes peace w/__________
(1979); Camp ________ Accords
Assassinated by _______ extremists
Egypt: Mubarak(’81-’11)
Yasser Arafat (’94-’04)
Former Chairman of the _______________
Liberation Organization (PLO);
controversial figure; terrorist?
nationalist? Diplomat?
Arab Spring – Revolts against oppressive governments
December, 2010 - Present
Saddam Hussein (’79-’06) & Persian Gulf War (’90-91)
• Iraqi invasion of ____________– OIL
• ________ mission– “collective security”– Operation ___________
Storm• Liberation of Kuwait
– UN Success• Held in custody by US
forces; “crimes against ________________”
• Trial and ____________ (2006)
Kurds in Iraq/Iran• Minority group
seeking independence (Kurdistan?)
• Victims of Human rights
abuses
Does Iran Have Nuclear Weapons?
United Nations – Statement 1960
“The subjection of people to alien subjugation, domination and exploitation is contrary to the Charter of the United
Nations and is an impediment to the promotion of world peace and cooperation.”What is the main
idea?
A Brief Review …Who Am I?1. “I was overthrown as leader of Iran because I embraced
modernization.”2. “I secularized the nation of Turkey.”3. “I am an Islamic Fundamentalist.”4. “I freed Egypt from British control.”5. “I made peace with Israel, which led to my assassination.”6. “I invaded Kuwait for oil.”7. “I was the 1st Prime Minister of Israel.”8. “I fought against apartheid in South Africa.”9. “I am leader of the P.L.O”10.“I am the leader of a Zionist movement”
Do Now: What does the following data reveal?
- Nelson Mandela (1964)
“During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle
of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the
ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with
equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to
achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to
die.”
Task: What is his fight against/for?
Apartheid Ends – 1994DeKlerk & Mandela win _____________________
• (1990) President F.W. DeKlerk, releases __________
• (1994)Nelson Mandela ___________ president
•Democratic•Rivalries still exist; ethnic
differences•Sanctions lifted; trade
resumes
Africa – Post Independence• Civil Wars & Genocide
– Ethnic rivalries •Effects of
_______________ & _______________ rule
– Nigeria (1966), Rwanda (1994), Sudan/Darfur (1960’s – today)