Fauna Ryukyuanaw3.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/naruse/lab/2016E_files/FR31-1_Takeda...48.2 mm) from Dong-Gang,...

Fauna Ryukyuana ISSN 2187-6657 http://w3.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/naruse/lab/Fauna_Ryukyuana.html

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沖縄島産の左利きヨツモンカラッパとヒメカラッパ (甲殻亜門: 十脚目: 短尾下目: カラッパ科)

武田正倫 1•成瀬貫 2

1〒305-0005 茨城県つくば市天久保 4-1-1 国立科学博物館動物研究部 (E-mail: [email protected]) 2〒907-1541 沖縄県八重山郡竹富町上原 870 琉球大学熱帯生物圏研究センター西表研究施設

(E-mail: [email protected])

. ,

() .

Calappa quadrimaculata Takeda & Shikatani, 1990

]

. , C. clepeata Borradaile, 1903

2 . 1

, 1

. ]

. ,

2

.

1984−1987,

Calappa quadrimaculata Takeda & Shikatani, 1990

, ,

. , Takeda & Shikatani (1990) C. clepeata Borradaile,

1903 (C. terraereginae Ward, 1936 ) 2

. , ,

1. (RUMF-ZC-751) . Lewis (1969) 2 , . R,

; L, . Fig. 1. Normal chelae of female (RUMF-ZC-751) of Calappa quadrimaculata Takeda & Shikatani, 1990, showing the projections and teeth named by Lewis (1969). R, right chela; L, left chela.

2 [Report] Takeda & Naruse: Left-handed two Calappa species from Okinawa Island

,

. ,

( 1, ) ] .

, C. granulata (Linnaeus, 1758) ] ,

(Guerao et al., 1998).

, Ng & Tan (1985) C. philargius

(Linnaeus, 1758) 150] ,

. ] -

,

, C. lophos (Herbst, 1782)

,

2 , .

, (NSMT)

( ) (RUMF) . , ,

URM-CR , RUMF .

2. ,

(cb) (cl)

. ] , Lewis

(1969: Fig. 1) 1, .

Family CALAPPIDAE De Haan, 1833 Genus Calappa Weber, 1795 Calappa quadrimaculata Takeda & Shikatani, 1990

( 1−4)

. , ( ,

). 1♂ ( , RUMF-ZC-0252, ex URM-CR 0751), cb 67.5 × cl 41.3 mm, 17-XII-1984. , ( , 10 m,

). 1♂ (RUMF-ZC-2412), cb 49.0 × cl 32.5 mm, 28-VI-2012).

. , ( , ). 1♂ ( , NSMT-Cr 9626,

ex URM-CR 0753), cb 76.6 × cl 47.4 mm, 11-XII-1984; 1♂ ( , RUMF-ZC-4253, ex URM-CR 0752), cb 76.3 × cl 48.0 mm), 11-XII-1984; 1♂ ( , RUMF-ZC-4254, ex URM-CR 0074, cb 72.2 × cl 44.8 mm), 01-XI-1985; 1♂ (

, NSMT-Cr 9627, ex URM-CR 0084), cb 70.4 × cl 43.5 mm, 25-XII-1985; 1♀ (RUMF-ZC-751, cb 41.1 × cl 63.0 mm), 30-V-1985. , ( ). 3♂♂ ( , NSMT-Cr 9628, cb 72.0 × cl 45.8 mm, cb 73.6 × cl 46.4 mm, cb 78.0 × cl 48.2 mm), 15-XII-1985.

. , ] , 5 ,

3 , 1990 (Takeda & Shikatani, 1990). 8

(RUMR-ZC-4252, ex URM-CR 0751, cb 67.5 × cl 41.3 mm) ,

. , : ]

, , . ,

“ ” ( 3B) , 1) , ,

, 2) ] , ] , 3)

, 4) , “ ” ( 2C)

. (RUMF-ZC-2412)

, , : ( 4B).

, ,

. , . ,

, , , ( 3A,

C, 4A). .

(Takeda & Shikatani, 1990: 479, fig. 14)

Fauna Ryukyuana, 31: 1–11.

3

2. . A: (NSMT-Cr 9628; cb

78.0 × cl 48.2 mm), . . B, C: (RUMF-ZC-4254 ex URM-CR 0074); cb 72.2 × cl 44.8 mm), . . (A:

, . B, C: ). Fig. 2. Calappa quadrimaculata Takeda & Shikatani, 1990. A: Male (Paratype, NSMT-Cr 9628; cb 78.0 × cl 48.2 mm) from Dong-Gang, Ping-Tung County, Taiwan. B, C: Male (Paratype, RUMF-ZC-4254, ex URM-CR 0074; cb 72.2 × cl 44.8 mm) from Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa-jima Island. (A, Color in life, photographed by M. Takeda. B, C: Specimen in spirit).

, , .

, Galil (1997) ]

. , Ng et al. (1999: 609, figs. 1a, b, 2a, 3a, c, e, g, j, l) ] ,

3. . A–C:

(RUMF-ZC-4252, ex URM-CR 0751; cb 67.5 × cl 41.3 mm), , ( ). Fig. 3. Calappa quadrimaculata Takeda & Shikatani, 1990. A–C: Left-handed male (Paratype, RUMF-ZC-4252, ex URM-Cr 0751; cb 67.5 × cl 41.3 mm) from Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa-jima Island (Specimen in spirit).

. ,

]

( , 1.61, 1.43), , 2

1 , , 2/3 .

, ]

( 2A, 4A).


4. . A, B: , (RUMF-ZC-2412; cb 49.0 × cl 312.5 mm).

(A: , . B: ). Fig. 4. Calappa quadrimaculata Takeda & Shikatani, 1990. A, B: left-handed male with short cheliped (RUMF-ZC-2412; cb 49.0 × cl 32.5 mm) from Oura Bay, Okinawa-jima Island (A: Color in life, photographed by Y. Fujita. B: Specimen in spirit).


5

4 (Ng et al., 1999: Fig. 1f), .

]

, , 4

, (Ng et al., 1999: Fig. 1c−e).

Calappa clypeata Borradaile, 1903

( 5)

. , ( , ). 2♂♂ (NSMT-Cr 24353), cb 49.7 ×

cl 35.4 mm, cb 52.8×cl 37.5 mm), 09-X-1985. . , ( ,

). 1♂ (RUMF-ZC-4289, cb 44.9 × cl 32.8 mm), 1♂ (NSMT-Cr 24354, cb 44.5 × cl 32.1 mm), 1♀ (RUMF-ZC-4290, cb 49.5 × cl 36.7 mm), 03-XII-1984; 1 ovig.♀ (RUMF-ZC-4291, cb 50.2 × cl 38.3 mm), 30-V-1985; 1♂, 1 ovig.♀ (NSMT-Cr 24356, cb 45.3 × cl 32.7 mm, cb 51.2×cl 38.0 mm), 1♂ (NSMT-Cr 9629, misprinted as 0629, ex URM-CR 0088 , cb 50.3 × cl 35.5 mm), 21-VI-1985; 2♂♂ (NSMT-Cr 24355, cb 48.4 × cl 34.4 mm, cb 50.9 × cl 35.5 mm), 09-X-1985; 1♂ (RUMF-ZC-4292, cb 44.4 × cl 32.4 mm), 26-XI-1985; 1♂ (RUMF-ZC-4293, ex URM-CR 1162), cb 53.0 × cl 37.7 mm), 10-VI-1987.

, ( , ). 1♂ (RUMF-ZC-4294, cb 49.6 × cl 35.5 mm),

17-XI-1984. .

2 (NSMT-Cr 24353) , : 12 ( 9

, 1 , 2 ) .

( 5A) . ( )

( 1, 5B), 3,

, . ,

. ( ) , , .

, . , ,

.

2 ( 5C, cb 49.7 × cl 35.4 mm) ,

. , : ,

, , .

, ]

. , , .

( 5D, cb 52.8 × cl 37.5 mm) ,

, .

. Ward (1936) ]

Calappa terraereginae , Sakai (1937, 1976), Tyndale-Biscoe & George (1962), Takeda & Shikatani (1990), Dai & Yang (1991), Chen (1993) ] 2

, Galil (1997) ]

C. clypeata Borradaile, 1903 . , 1.3–1.4

, . . 5

, .

, . ] , .

] . , Ng et al. (2002) Lee et al. (2010) ] , C. clypeata

] . , ,

. , Takeda & Shikatani (1990) ]

(C. terraereginae ) , (1993) ] , ] , ]

( “among specimens of Calappa philargius identified by De Haan” (p.311),

“ , ,”

(p. 312). ,

, ).


5. . A, B: (NSMT-Cr 24355; cb 50.9×cl 35.5 mm). C, D:

(NSMT-Cr 24353; cb 52.8×cl 37.5 mm, cb 49.7×cl 35.5 mm), ( ). Fig. 5. Calappa clepeata Borradaile, 1903. A, B: Normal male (NSMT-Cr 24355; cb 50.9×cl 35.5 mm). C, D: Left-handed males (NSMT-Cr 24353; cb 52.8×cl 37.5 mm, cb 49.7×cl 35.5 mm) from Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa-jima Island (Specimens in spirit).

, ,

. Calappa

Lewis (1969) , 809

. , 15, 8

, , 2

. , 7 ( ,

1% ). 7 , C.

flammea (Herbst, 1794) 2 , C. nitida Holthuis, 1958 2

, C. hepatica (Linnaeus 1758) 2

C. gallus (Herbst, 1803) 2 . 4 7

, , 2 ] ,

]

. , ( ) 2 (

) . ,

. , 4, : .

, ( 3B, 4B,


7

5C, D). , ,

. Lewis (1969) 4,

( 3B, 4B, 5C, D). Lewis (1969) ,

7 , 7 ( 2

), 2 1,

2 . 7 5 ,

, 2

C. sulcata Rathbun, 1898

:

, . Lewis (1969) ,

, ,

. 1 “

” ,

( 5C). , ,

, , ( 4) ,

Lewis (1969) . ,

. ] ,

, , ,

2

. ]

, : ]

, .

, 2

.

Lewis (1969) Miers (1886) (pl. 23 fig. 1b) C. depressa Miers,

1886 (pl. 23 fig. 2b) , Miers (1886)

, , .

, Ng et al. (2008) ] , C. depressa, Aethra scruposa

(Linnaeus, 1764) C. depressa Latreille in Milbert, 1812 ,

C. woodmasoni Alcock, 1896.

267 (1987) ,

4 , , C. calappa (Linnaeus, 1758), ,

. 602 ( 86.9 mm 92.0 mm) , . ] ,

Lewis (1969) ]

, (1987) , ,

. Ng (2000)

, C. pokipoki . , 3 , 3 , 2

, 1 ( 78.8 mm, 58.8 mm)

. (2000)

3 1,

(1987) ]

. , ]

, Shoup (1968) ] ,

(1973) ] . , (1979) C.

capellonis Laurie, 1906, , Vermeij (1982) ,

, .


95%,

(Ng & Tan, 1984, 1985; , 1999). ,

:

,

, . ,

Uca ( Ocypodidae) . 2 ,

] , .

, U. pugilator (Bosc, 1802) U. pugnax (Smith, 1870) (Yerkes, 1901),

U. burgersi Holthuis, 1967 (Gibbs, 1974), U. lactea (De Haan, 1835) (Yamaguchi, 1973, 1977)

, 1:1 . , -

U. vacans (Linnaeus, 1758) ( , 1973).

, . ,

. , ,

:

Hagen (1962) ]

U. tangeri (Eydoux, 1835) (1973) ] ,

(1973) ]

. 2,

. , Morgan (1920) ] U. pugilator U. pugnax , (1973) ]

“ ”, , Morgan (1920) ] U. pugnax , (1973) ] “

” , .

Ocypode,

]

. ( Potamoidea) ( Xanthoidea)

, ,

. ,

] ,

. ,

Dorippidae Trichopeltariidae

, .

, . Naruse & Hashimoto (2013)

Trichopeltarion ovale Anderson, 1896 T. danieleae

, , ,

: .

, .

, ,

: . ,

,

] , ,

. Menippe

mercenaria (Say, 1818) ( Menippidae) 80%

( crusher) , 20%

(Simonson & Steele, 1981; Simonson, 1985). ,

2

, ,

. Simonson & Steele (1981) ,

. 4 mm ,


9

] : , ,

. , 6–10 mm

, , ,

. 8 cm,

, 80% .

, 80% ,

, .

, 100%. ,

, .

Lithodidae ,

, .

, ( ) Paralithodes brevipes (H. Milne-Edwards &

Lucas, 1841) ( , 1959), Paralomis granulosa (Hombron & Jacquinot,

1846) (Campodónico, 1978), Lithodes nintokuae Sakai, 1978 (Dawson &

Yaldwyn, 1985), Paralomis hystrix (De Haan, 1849), Paralomis japonica Balss, 1911, Paralomis multispina (Benedict, 1895) ( , 1996), Lithodes maja (Linnaeus, 1758) (Zaklan, 2000),

Paraliothodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815) ( , 2002) ,

. ,

, , .

, Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Shibazaki et al. (2004) ] , 4 8 3

, . ,

, 2, .

, . , ]

2

, ]

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, ( ) ]

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2 .

Borradaile, L.A., 1903. Marine crustaceans. VI. The sand crabs (Oxystomata). In: Gardiner, J.S. (ed.), The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, being the Account of the Work carried on and of the Collections made by an Expedition during the years 1899 and 1900, 1: 434–439, pl. 22.

Campodónico, G.I., 1978. Un caso de inversion en la asimetria abdominal de las hembras de Paralomis granulosa (Jacquinot) (Decapoda, Anomura, Lithodidae). Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia, 9: 231–1232.

Chen, H.L., 1993. The Calappidae (Crustacea: Brachyura) of Chinese waters. In: Morton, B. (ed.), The Marine Biology of the South China Sea. Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Marine Biology of Hong Kong and the South China Sea, Hong Kong, 28 October – 3 November 1990. Hong Kong University Press, pp. 675–704.

Dai, A. & S. Yang, 1991. Crabs of the China Seas. China Ocean Press, Beijing.

Dawson, E.W. & J.C. Yaldwyn, 1985. Lithodes


nintokuae Sakai: A deep-water king crab (Crustacea, Anomura, Lithodidae) newly recorded from Hawaii. Pacific Science, 39: 16–23.

Galil, B.S., 1997. Crustacea Decapoda: A revision of the Indo-Pacific species of the genus Calappa Weber, 1795 (Calappidae). In: Crosnier, A. (ed.). Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, 18. Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 176: 271–335.

Gibbs, P.E., 1974. Notes on Uca burgersi Holthuis (Decapoda, Ocypodidae) from Bermuda, Leeward Islands. Crustaceana, 27: 84–91.

Guerao, G., P. Abelló & J. Cartes, 1998. Morphology of the megalopa and first crab instar of the shamefaced crab Calappa granulata (Crustacea, Brachyuira, Calappidae). Miscel lánia Zoológica, 21: 37–47.

Hagen, H.O. von, 1962. Freilandistudien zur Sexual- und Fortpflanzungsbiologie von Uca tangeri in Andalusien. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere, 51: 611–725.

, 1999. –. . , 53 (12):

21–25. , 1959. .

, 16(3): 14–17. Lee, K.-S., H.-T. Huang, T. Naruse & T.-Y. Chan,

2010. New records of box and moon crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura: Calappidae, Matutidae) from Taiwan. Crustaceana, 83: 1385–1389.

Lewis, J.E., 1969. Reversal of asymmetry of chelae in Calappa Weber, 1795 (Decapoda: Oxystomata). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 82: 63–79.

Miers, E.J., 1886. Report on the Brachyura collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. In: Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876 under the command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and the late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R.N. prepared under the Superintendence of the late Sir C. Wyville Thomson, Knt., F.R.S. & C. Regius Professor of Natural history in the University of Edinburgh Director of the civilian scientific staff on board and now of John Murray one of the naturalists of the Expedition. Zoology, Published by Order of Her Majesty’s Government. London, 17: i–L, 1–362, pls. 1–29.

Morgan, T.H., 1920. Variations in the secondary sexual characters of the fiddler crab. American Naturalist, 54: 220–247.

, 2002. .

Cancer, 11: 11–13. Naruse, T. & J. Hashimoto, 2013. Description of a

new species of the genus Trichopeltarion A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Trichopeltariidae) from the western Pacific and southeast Asian waters. Marine Biology Research, 10: 391–299.

Ng, P.K.L., 2000. Calappa pokipoki, a new species of box crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Calappidae) from Hawaii. Proceeding of the Biological Society of Washington, 113: 945–955.

Ng, P.K.L., H.-L. Chen & T.-Y. Chan, 1999. Taxonomic notes on three Indo-West Pacific species of Calappa (Decapoda: Brachyura: Calappidae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 47: 607–616.

Ng, P.K.L., D. Guinot & P.J.F. Davie, 2008. Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 17: 1–286.

Ng, P.K.L., J.C.Y. Lai & C. Aungtonya, 2002. The box and moon crabs of Thailand, with description of a new species of Calappa (Crustacea: Brachyura: Calappidae, Matutidae). Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication, 23: 341–360.

Ng, P.K.L. & L.W.H. Tan, 1984. The ‘shell peeling’ structure of the box crab Calappa philargius (L.) and other crabs in relation to mollusk shell architecture. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 13: 195–199.

Ng, P.K.L. & L.W.H. Tan, 1985. ‘Right Handedness’ in heterochelous calappoid and xanthoid crabs — suggestion for a functional advantage. Crustaceana, 49: 98–100.

Sakai, T., 1937. Studies on the crabs of Japan. II. Oxystomata. Science Reports of the Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku, (B), 3 (Suppl.): 67–192, pls. 10–19.

Sakai, T., 1976. Crabs of Japan and the Adjacent Seas. Kodansha, Ltd., Tokyo, xxix + 773 pp. (English vol.) / 16 pp., 251 pls. (Plates vol.) / 461 pp. (Japanese vol.).

, 2000. . , 42: 146.

Shibazaki, Y., M. Shimizu & R. Kuroda, 2004. Body handedness is directed by genetically determined cytoskeletal dynamics in the early embryo. Current Biology, 14: 1462–1467.

Shoup, J.B., 1968. Shell opening by crabs of the genus Calappa. Science, 160: 887–888.

Simonson, J.L., 1985. Reversal of handedness, growth, and claw stridulatory patterns in the stone crab Menippe mercenaria (Say) (Crustacea:


11

Xanthidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 5: 281–293.

Simonson, J.L. & P. Steele, 1981. Cheliped asymmetry in the stone crab, Menippe merceraria, with notes on claw reversal and regeneration. Northeast Gulf Science, 5: 21–30.

, 1973. . , 10: 4083–4084.

Takeda, M. & N. Shikatani, 1990. Crabs of the genus Calappa from the Ryukyu Islands, with description of a new species. Zoological Science, 7: 477–484.

, 1979. . , 9: 43–46, 1.

, 1973. .

, 9:13–20. Tyndale-Biscoe, M. & R.W. George, 1962. The

Oxystomata and Gymnopleura (Crustacea, Brachyura) of Western Australia with descriptions of two new species from Western Australia and one from India. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 45: 65–96.

Vermeij, G.J., 1982. Gastropod shell form, breakage, and repair in relation to predation by the crab Calappa. Malacologia, 23: 1–12.

Ward, M., 1936. Crustacea Brachyura from the coasts of Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 11: 1–13, pls. 1–3.

, 1996. ? ,

, . Cancer, 5: 11–14.

, 1973. . , 82:

154–158. Yamaguchi, T., 1977. Studies on the handedness of

the fiddler crab, Uca lactea. Biological Bulletin, 152: 424–436.

( ), 1993. . . .

, 1987. . Calanus, 10: 1–71.

, 1973. .

, 9: 7–12. Yerkes, R.M., 1901. A study of variation in the

fiddler crab Gelasimus pugilator Latr. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 36: 417–441.

Zaklan, S.D., 2000. A case of reversed asymmetry in Lithodes maja (Linnaeus, 1758) (Decapoda,

Anomura, Lithodidae). Crustaceana, 73: 1019–1022.

Left-handed Calappa quadrimaculata Takeda & Shikatani, 1900 and C. clepeata Borradaile, 1903 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Calappidae) from Okinawa-jima Island, the Ryukyu Islands Masatsune Takeda1 & Tohru Naruse2

1Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan

2Iriomote Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus 870 Uehara, Taketomi, Okinawa 907-1541, Japan

Abstract. One of the paratypes of Calappa qudrimaculata Takeda & Shikatani, 1900 and two specimens of C. clepeata Borradaile, 1903 from Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa-jima Island in the Ryukyu Islands, are “left-handed” unlike normal “right-handed” individuals. Although we could not conclude the reason of this reverse heterochely, possible explanations were sought in the abnormal regeneration of one or both chelipeds, or reverse spiral cleavage in the early stage of embryonic development.

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