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NORTHERN COUNTIES NOTES.(From our own Correspondent.)

UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM.

THE final examinations for degrees in medicine and

surgery are fixed to commence on Monday, Dec. 3rd.The list of candidates is a long one. Dr. Charlton Bastianand Professor Annandale are the appointed foreign ex-

aminers. The annual dinner of the students of the Collegeof Medicine was held at the County Hotel on Tuesdaylast, and passed off with great spirit. The chair was

occupied by Professor Philipson, and the vice-chair byDr. T. C. Nesham. A greater number of students werepresent than usual, and Drs. Limont, Horace, Page, andothers contributed to the harmony of a very pleasantevening.

THE CASE OF QUADRUPLETS AT SUNDERLAND.Her Majesty the Queen has graciously sent Mrs. McGrady,

of Monkwearmouth, a gift of £3, notwithstanding the.death of the four children to which the poor woman hadrecently given birth.

ACCIDENTS TO WORKMEN IN THE NORTH.

The records of the northern coroners’ courts for the lastfew days show the great risks to which workmen in the’north are exposed, and the perilous nature of their employ-ments. On Saturday last a man about forty died in theJarrow Memorial Hospital. He was engaged attending toan iron furnace, when a large sheet of flame burst out,completely enveloping the poor fellow, whose clothes wereburnt off his body, scorching him in a shocking manner, and

eausing his death in a few hours. A fatal accident alsotook place last week to a workman at the MiddlesbroughChemical Works. While scraping a bichrome tank heslipped, and his right foot and leg dropped into the liquid.The limb was washed after the accident, and he was takento the North Ormsby Cottage Hospital; but as he showedsymptoms of scarlet fever, he was removed to the FeverHospital, where he died. Dr. Malcomson, the medicalofficer, said the death was due to the effects of bichrome,’which is an irritant poison.

MIDDLESBROUGII.

The old custom of accompanying the newly elected Mayorto church was observed at Middlesbrough on last Sunday,and quite an imposing procession was formed. The col-lection made at the church was on behalf of the infirmaryand hospitals of the town.

DEATH OF DR. JACKSON OF NEWCASTLE.

I regret to notice the death of Dr. Edward Jackson of thiscity, which took place yesterday after a short illness.Dr. Jackson was a graduate of the London University,M. R. C. S., and L. S. A. As a student he received the Fellowesgold medal at University College Hospital, and the silvermedal of the Apothecaries’ Society. He was a native ofSheffield, where lie was best known, being one of the founders of the Women’s Hospital there. About seven years ago hexetired from practice in Sheffield, but retained his connexionwith the Women’s Hospital as honorary consulting surgeon.He died at his residence in the Jesmond suburb of New-castle, and if he practised at all there it was not actively.

NewcastJe-on-Tyne, Nov. 20th.

EDINBURGH.(From our own Correspondent.)

PROPOSED NEW MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY.

IT is proposed to form a Microscopical Society in

Edinburgh-a society in which microscopists of all kindsmay meet and discuss such points as they have in common.A preliminary meeting has already been held, at which a.small committee was appointed to collect information andreport. Those who are taking an active part in this matter-amongst whom are the President of the Royal Collegeof Physicians (Dr. Peel Ritchie), Professors Greenfield,Annandale, and Balfour, Drs. Affleck, Woodhead, Buist,Hunter, Edington, and McFadyean, and Mr. Forgan-areagreed, so far as can be gathered, as to the general lines on

which the society should be carried on, but little is as yetdecided as to details. It is very probable that, if such asociety could be constituted so as to work along with someof the other medical and scientific bodies, it could be madea most valuable means of stimulating microscopicalresearch. Why should it not be, for instance, a peripateticsociety, holding each of its meetings as one of the regularmeetings of a society interested in the subject to be dis-cussed. The Pathological Club, which is said to be in amost vigorous condition, is " run " on some such plan as this.

ANTI-VIVISECTIONISTS IN EDINBURGH.

It is a pity that the "twenty" well-intentioned but verymuch misguided ladies who on Thursday last met, in-terested in the suppression of cruelty, especially of so-

called scientific cruelty, to confer with the Rev. A. NobleScott, President of the North British Anti-VivisectionSociety, should not make themselves actually acquaintedwith the objects and work of the institutions which theyattack. The chairman, at least, has no good excuse forignorance, for he must have seen reported in the dailypapers the results of researches carried on in the labora.tories against which he fulminates, embodied in papersread before the Royal Society of Edinburgh and elsewhere.In not one single instance do the researches (italicised bythe rev. chairman) involve a case of vivisection. In suchstraits do the anti-vivisectionists find themselves for argu.ment that they have recourse to the time-honoured storyof the dog whose timidity so touched the hearts of thestudents in the physiological class that they begged forits life. It would be interesting to find out how oftenthis story has been made to do duty in Edinburgh, London,and elsewhere during the last twenty years. Neithermedical students nor physiologists are brutes, and theywould be as ready as anyone to revolt against wanton crueltyto animals. It is a curious reflection on the false senti-mentalism of our age that it has to be recorded that thereis

never a word uttered against the cruelty to animals involvedin coursing, hunting, shooting, and other forms of "amuse-ment," whilst weakly sentimental people rave against whatthey term " scientific cruelty," a term without any actualmeaning. There is more suffering inflicted by a small shoot-ing party in a day on the moors than is met with in con-nexion with the work carried on in all the laboratories inGreat Britain during a whole year.Edinburgh. Nov. 21st.

DUBLIN.(From our own Correspondent.)

ROYAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE IN IRELAND.

THE opening meeting of the Medical Section was held onthe 16th inst., when Dr. Lombe Atthill, the President ofthe College of Physicians (who is President of the MedicalSection of the Academy), gave a short address on the actionof drugs in uterine affections. He appeared to think, fromsome observations made, that ergot administered duringthe early months of pregnancy had no etf’ect on the uterus,a statement which Dr. John Byrne could not endorse. Incases of amenorrhoea he had found the permanganate ofpotash an unreliable remedy, and Dr. William Moore alsocorroborated this view. Mr. Arthur Benson exhibited arare case-an example of albuminuric retinitis occurring inonly one eye.

THE AMALGAMATION OF THE MEDICAL SCHOOLS.

I have been informed that the opposition offered by oneof the proprietors of the Carmichael School, to prevent thatinstitution joining the scheme of amalgamation, will befatal to the proposed measure unless some arrangement isagreed upon by the contending parties. It is probable,however, that a friendly agreement will ultimately be cometo between those interested in the matter, and that thescheme will be adopted at no distant period. As regardsthe alleged illegality of transferring the Carmichael PrizeFund (some jE2000) for the benefit of the new school, Icannot understand, if this be so, what parties will participatein the benefit if not the students of the combined schools.

A QUESTION OF COMPENSATION.

On Monday, the 19th inst., in the Exchequer Division,the Court gave judgment in reference to the application of

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Dr. Pye, Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in the Queen’sCollege, Galway, for compensation for loss of fees arising outof the dissolution of the late Queen’s University. It appearsthat before the passing of the University Education Act, 1879,Dr. Pye’s fixed stipend was E220 per annum, and also certainfees from the students attending his lectures, amountingon an average to E500 a year. The effect of the dissolutionwas that he ceased to be a professor of the University,but continued a professor of the College; as it was notcompulsory, however, for students to attend his lectureswho were candidates for degrees in the Royal University,his fees decreased considerably, and he sought compensationfor the loss he had sustained. The Lord Chief Baron gavejudgment for the Crown. Hb Lordship said that the officewhich Dr. Pye had held in the Queen’s University was dis-tinct from that which he held in the Queen’s College. Inrespect of his office in the University he received certainemoluments, amounting to JE20 yearly, and he now receivedin the Royal University larger remuneration for similarwork. As to the office held in the College, that was notwithin the section of the statute, nor was he deprived of it.Judgment for the Crown should be given with costs, andthis decision was concurred in by Mr. Baron Dowse andMr. Justice Andrews.

HEALTH OF IRELAND.

The birth-rate for the September quarter was 1’6 under theaverage rate for the corresponding quarter of the past tenyears; and the death-rate was 0 ’9 under the rate for the sameperiod. Deaths from the principal zymotic diseases wereconsiderably below the average. Compared with the corre-sponding quarter of 1887, the returns of pauperism, furnishedby the Local Government Board, show a decrease of 1370,or 3’1 per cent., in the average number of workhouse inmateson Saturdays during the quarter, and a decrease of 1117, or1’7 per cent., in the average number of persons on out-doorrelief.

Dr. Wm. Moore, physician to Her Majesty in Irelard,has been appointed High Sheriff for Antrim County for 1889.Dublin, Nov. 20th.

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PARIS.(From our own Correspondent.)

THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE.

WITH reference to your note in THE LANCET of last weekanent the opening of the new Pasteur Institute, the followingmaybe found interesting to your readers. After the eulogisticspeech of M. Bertrand, Perpetual Secretary of the Academyof Sciences, on the scientific work of M. Pasteur, covering aperiod of nearly half a century, Dr. Grancher, M. Pasteur’sprincipal coadjutor at the institute, read the report of thenumber of persons that underwent the anti-rabic treatmentat Paris during the years 1886-87 and the first half of 1888,which amounted to 5384. In 1886, when the afflux of

foreigners was considerable, 2682 persons were inoculated,1778 in 1887, and 914 in the first six months of 1888. Themortality, counting all the deaths, even those affected withrabies on the day following the treatment, was-for 1886,l-34percent.; for 1887,1-12; and for 1888,0-77. These figuresare taken from the recrister to Oct. 31st, 1888. Butthemortalityamong the persons who succumbed to rabies within thefifteen days following the treatment had, of course, to beexcluded, as the inoculation to be efficacious should becarried out before the incubation of the virus of the dogwhich had bitten the subject had commenced in thenervous centres ; for the virus of common rabies, trans-mitted directly to the surface of the brain of a dog, thereincubates during fifteen or eighteen days before producingits effects. In the patients who succumbed to rabies withinfifteen days after the treatment the latter had been useless,simply because it had been commenced too late. Excludingthese cases, the mortality, notwithstanding the treatment.falls for 1886 to 0-93 per cent., for 1887 to 067 per cent., andfor 1888 to 0-55 per cent. This gradual diminution in themortality is due to the progressive perfecting of the firststeps of the treatment. Dr. Grancher explained that thetreatment now adopted is more energetic, more pro-longed, and more intensive. He then showed that thestatistics from foreign parts, at St. Petersburg, Odessa,Moscow, Warsaw, Samara, Charkow, Milan, Palermo,

Naples, Havana, and Rio Janeiro, accord with the statisticscollected at Paris. He recalled the special report for 1887,which was drawn up by the Council of Hygiene from docu-ments at the Prefecture of Police, concerning the personswho were inoculated at M. Pasteur’s laboratory. In 1887 thenumber of persons bitten and inoculated amounted to 306,.of whom three died, which gives a mortality of 0-97 per centOn the other hand, seven cases of death from rabies occurredamong the forty-four persons enumerated in the policelists as not having undergone the anti-rabic inoculation. Inthis group the mortality attains 15 ’90 per cent., which figure-M. Pasteur and the Council had accepted as representingthe average mortality before the adoption of inoculation.In concluding his report, Dr. Grancher said he wished it tobe understood that the Pasteur Institute had been foundednot only for the treatment of rabies, bub also for the purposeof promoting the scientific study of the means to practicallycombat the maladies which decimate the human species,such as diphtheria, typhoid fever, phthisis, &c. The vastlaboratories attached to the institute will be open to medicalmen of all nationalities, where they will be taught theprinciples not only of anti-rabic inoculations, but of micro-biological science in general. A regular staff has alreadybeen formed who will be the coadjutors of M. Pasteurat the institute. Drs. Grancher, Chantemesse, Charrin,and Terrillon are to attend to the treatment of rabies M. Duclaux, Professor of Biological Chemistry at the Facultyof Sciences, will direct the bacteriological laboratory ;M. Chamberland will be charged with the science of micro-logy in its relation with hygiene ; Dr. Roux will teach themicrobian methods in their applications to medicine; andtwo Russian savants, Drs. Metchnikofl’ and Gamaleia, willdevote themselves to the morphology of inferior organisms,including comparative microbia. The institute is con-i-

posed of two principal buildings, each with its own

façade, the principal one in the Rue Dutot, and theother in the Rue des Fourneaux. The first containsthe apartments of M. Pasteur and his assistants, and in the’chief hall may be seen the busts of the Emperors of Russia,Dom Pedro of Brazil, Baron Rothschild, MadameBoucicault, and M. de Laubespin, the chief subscribers to-the institute. In the second building are to be found roomsfor inoculations and various laboratories. Here also are keptthe animals intended for experiments. At the close of theceremony of the inauguration of the institute the Presidentof the Republic, who presided on the occasion, conferred on.Drs. Grancher and Duclaux the dignity of Officer of the-Legion of Honour, and on Dr. Chantemesse that of Cheva-lier of the Legion of Honour. It may here be noted thatM. Pasteur, who is Commander of the Legion of Honour,possesses fifteen other decorations; he is member of eighty-three foreign learned societies, and holds the honoraryDoctor’s degree of nearly every foreign University, and yethe is not a Doctor of Medicine of any faculty.

DEATH OF DR. FREMY.Dr. Charles Fremy, honorary physician of hospitals, died

on the 19th inst., in the seventy-second year of his age.The deceased was first cousin to M. Edmond Fremy, Mem-ber of the Institute and Director of the Museum ofNatural History. He was the father of M. Henry Fremy,who is at the present time on a scientific mission to-America. Dr. Charles Fremy was the author of severalremarkable works on the treatment of typhoid fever.

TREATMENT OF DIPHTHERIA.

At the last meeting of the Hospitals Medical SocietyM. Gaucher gave additional evidence in support of a line oftreatment for diphtheria which he had brought under the’notice of the Society last January. It consists in the appli-cation of strong alcoholic solution of carbolic acid (50 percent.) to the surface which has been denuded of false-membrane. The application is made three times a day, andin addition the mouth is frequently well rinsed with anaqueous solution of carbolic acid (1 per cent.). ). The methodindicates a return to the old plan of cauterisation,,and the results quoted by M. Gaucher, which included aseries of eighty cases treated on this plan by M. Dubousquet,are reported as having been very satisfactory. There wasno inflammatory reaction, nor any symptom of carbolic acidpoisoning, although there was usually carboluria.

STROPHANTHINE.

M. G. Sée finds that strophanthine is a valuable remedyin cases of mitral disease, especially in stenosis, but that it