Che 503 Fluid Flow - Lec 15.1

8/19/2019 Che 503 Fluid Flow - Lec 15.1

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CHE 503Chapter 7Rotating Equipment I

PumpAIMAN NAZMI BIN ROS I!AC" #$ O! CHEMICA EN%INEERIN% "i#M0&'(3)')**5


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e++on P,an

12-14 Chapter 7Rotating equipment• Types of pumps• Power required for

pumping throughpipelines

• Determination of NP !• Types of "ompressor• Power required for

"ompression of gas• Types and fun"tions of

tur#ines

$C%1& C%2 C%'()#le to identify the "on"eptof fluid flow in industries

o )#le to pra"ti"e*arious "on"ept offluid flow to sol*eindustrial pro#lems+

o )#le to propose asystem to sol*e

industrial pro#lemusing fluid flow"on"ept

• )#le to differentiatdifferen"e in *ariopumps and "ompre

• )#le to apply the "to determine the p"onsumption of thand "ompressor+

• )#le to analy,e thedifferen"e in desig

pumps and "ompre


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Intro-u.tion• Pump/• A -e i.e that mo e+ 1ui-+ 2,iqui-+ or ga+e+ 4 or +ometime+ +,urrie+4

6 me.hani.a, a.tion

• Compre++or/• A me.hani.a, -e i.e that in.rea+e+ the pre++ure o9 a ga+ 6

re-u.ing it+ o,ume

• #ur ine/• A rotar6 me.hani.a, -e i.e that e:tra.t+ energ6 9rom a 1ui- 1o;

an- .on ert+ it into u+e9u, ;or


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Pump• "+ua,,6 emp,o6e- to pumping of liquids or gases 9rom one

e++e, to another or through ,ong pipe+• Energy required -epen-+ on=

• Height through ;hi.h the 1ui- i+ rai+e-• Pressure required at -e,i er6 point• Length and diameter o9 the pipe• Flow rate• Physical properties o9 the 1ui- 2

•


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Pump• E:amp,e=

& #he pumping o9 ,iqui-+ +u.h a+ +u,phuri. a.i- or petro,eum pro-u.t+9rom u,< +tore to pro.e++ ui,-ing+

' #he pumping o9 1ui-+ roun- rea.tion unit+ an- through heate:.hanger+

3 It ma6 e ne.e++ar6 to in>e.t rea.tant+ or .ata,6+t into a rea.tor at a,o; ut a..urate,6 .ontro,,e- rate

* Pump .oo,ing ;ater to a po;er +tation or re?ner6 at a er6 high rate


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Pump• Choi.e+ o9 pump+ -epen-+ on=

• Pro.e++ 2.oo,ing4 tran+9erring .hemi.a,+• @ua,it6 o9 1ui-+ 2.orro+i e4 purit6 et.• !,o;rate• Other+

• !or ga+=• In genera,4 pump+ u+e- 9or .ir.u,ating ga+e+ ;or< at higher +pee-+ than

tho+e u+e- 9or ,iqui-+4 an- ,ighter a, e+ are u+e-• Moreo er4 the .,earan.e+ et;een mo ing part+ are +ma,,er on ga+

pump+ e.au+e o9 the mu.h ,o;er i+.o+it6 o9 ga+e+4 gi ing ri+e to anin.rea+e- ten-en.6 9or ,ea


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Pump( iqui-• #he ,iqui-+ u+e- in the .hemi.a, in-u+trie+ -i er .on+i-era ,6 in

physical and chemical properties 4 an- it ha+ een ne.e++ar6 to-e e,op a ;i-e ariet6 o9 pumping equipment

• #here are t;o roa- .,a++i?.ation o9 pump+ =& Po+iti e -i+p,a.ement pump

( Re.ipro.ating pi+ton( Rotar6 gear

' Centri9uga, Pump


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Pump( iqui-

Factors that in uence the choice of pump 9or a parti.u,ar operation=

2& #he quantity of liquid to e han-,e- → a e.t+ the size o9 the pump an-e+ira ,e to use a number of pumps in para,,e,

2' #he head against ;hi.h the ,iqui- i+ to e pumpe- → di erence in pressurethe vertical height of the downstream and upstream re+er oir+ an-

frictional losses which occur in the delivery line #he +uita i,it6 centrifugal pump an- the number of stages require- ;i,, ,arge,6 e -etermine-6 thi+ 9a.tor

23 #he nature of the liquid to e pumpe- → the i+.o+it6 ,arge,6 -etermine+ the9ri.tion ,o++e+ an- hen.e the po;er require- #he .orro+i e nature ;i,, -etermine themateria, o9 .on+tru.tion oth 9or the pump an- the pa.


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Pump( iqui-

2* #he nature of the power supply I9 the pump i+ to e -ri en 6 aelectric motor or internal combustion engine 4 a high!specentrifugal or rotary pump will be preferred a+ it .an e .oup,-ire.t,6 to the motor Simp,e re.ipro.ating pump+ .an e .onne.te- to+team or ga+ engine+

25 I9 the pump is used only intermittently 4 .orro+ion pro ,em+ more ,i


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#6pe+ o9 Pump• Pump .an e .,a++i?e- into into three ma>or group+ a..or-ing to the

metho- the6 u+e to mo e the 1ui-• Re.ipro.ating Pump ( mo e the 1ui- u+ing one or more o+.i,,ating pi+ton+4

p,unger+4 or mem rane+ 2-iaphragm+ 4 ;hi,e a, e+ re+tri.t 1ui- motion to the-e+ire- -ire.tion& Pi+ton' P,unger or Ram3 iaphragm* Metering

• Po+iti e i+p,a.ement Rotar6 Pump ( mo e 1ui- u+ing a rotating me.hani+mthat .reate+ a a.uum that .apture+ an- -ra;+ in the ,iqui-& %ear Pump F o e Pump' Cam Pump3 Gane Pump* #he 1o; in-u.er or peri+ta,ti. pump5 Mono Pump

S.re; Pump•

Centri9uga, Pump ( a roto-6nami. pump that u+e+ a rotating impe,,er to in.rea+ethe pre++ure an- 1o; rate o9 a 1ui-


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"# $eciprocating Pumps

% P&'()* P+,P• Con+i+t+ o9 a cylinder ;ith a reciprocating

piston .onne.te- to a rod ;hi.h pa++e+through a g,an- at the en- o9 the .6,in-er

• #he ,iqui- enter+ 9rom the +u.tion ,inethrough a +u.tion a, e an- i+ -i+.harge-through a -e,i er6 a, e

• e,i er6 ;i,, ri+e 9rom ero a+ the pi+ton

egin+ to mo e 9or;ar- to a ma:4 an- then-e,i er ;i,, gra-ua,,6 9a,, o to ero• #here ;i,, e an inter a, -uring the return

+tro


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. (HE PL+*/E$ )$ $", P+,P

• Same prin.ip,e a+ the pi+ton t6pe ut -i er+ in that the gland is at oneend o9 the .6,in-er ma


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1 (HE -&"PH$"/, P+,P

• #he -iaphragm pump ha+ een developed forhandling corrosive liquids an- thosecontaining suspensions of abrasive solids

• It i+ in t;o +e.tion+ +eparate- 6 a -iaphragm o9ru er4 ,eather4 or p,a+ti.+ materia, In one+e.tion a p,unger or pi+ton operate+ in a .6,in-erin ;hi.h a .orro+i e 1ui- i+ -i+p,a.e-

• #he mo ement o9 the 1ui- i+ tran+mitte- 6mean+ o9 the 1e:i ,e -iaphragm to the ,iqui- to

e pumpe- #he on,6 mo ing part+ o9 the pumpthat are in .onta.t ;ith the ,iqui- are the a, e+4an- the+e .an e +pe.ia,,6 -e+igne- to han-,ethe materia,


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2 (HE ,E(E$&*/ P+,P

• -riven by constant speed electric motors → u+e- ;hen a .on+tant an- .ontro,,e-rate o9 delivery of a liquid is required 4 an- the6 ;i,, maintain thi+ .on+tant rateirre+pe.ti e o9 .hange+ in the pre++ure again+t ;hi.h the6 operate

•

#he pump+ are (!or low throughput an- high!pressure applications 4 u+ua,,6 the p,unger 2pi+tu+e-(9or ,arge o,ume+ an- ,o;er pre++ure+ a -iaphragm i+ u+e-

• #he rate of delivery i+ .ontro,,e- 6 ad0usting the stro3e of the piston elementan- thi+ .an e -one ;hi,+t the pump i+ in operation

• #he+e pump+ ma6 e u+e- 9or-

the dosing of wor3s e4uents and water supplies- the feeding of reactants5 catalysts5 or inhibitors to rea.tor+ at controlled rate- an- a,though a +imp,e metho- 9or .ontro,,ing 1o;rate i+ pro i-e-4 high pre.i+ion

+tan-ar-+ o9 .on+tru.tion are require-


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6 $)("$7 P+,P

% /E"$ P+,P "*- L)6E P+,P

• %ear an- ,o e pump+ operate on the prin.ip,e o9 u+ing me.hani.a, mean+ to tran+9er

+ma,, e,ement+ or Jpa.


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%EAR P"MP OBE P"MP

#he lobe-pump is similar as gear pump, but the gear teeth are rep,a.e- 6 t;o or th,o e+ an- oth a:,e+ are -ri en it i+ there9ore po++i ,e to maintain a +ma,, .,earan.e

et;een the ,o e+4 an- ;ear i+ re-u.e-

/E"$ P+,P "*- L)6E P+,P


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. :", P+,P• A rotating .am i+ mounted eccentrically in a .6,in-ri.a, .a+ing an- a

er6 small clearance i+ maintaine- et;een the outer e-ge o9 the .aman- the .a+ing A+ the .am rotate+ it e9pels liquid 9rom the +pahea- o9 it an- +u.


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1 (he ;ane Pump

• #he rotor o9 the ane pump i+ mounte- o .entre in a .6,in-ri.a, .a+ing2!igure K ) It .arrie+ re.tangu,ar ane+ in a +erie+ o9 +,ot+ arrange- atinter a,+ roun- the .ur e- +ur9a.e o9 the rotor

• #he ane+ are thro;n out;ar-+ 6 .entri9uga, a.tion an- the uicarried in the spaces bounded by ad0acent vanes5 the rotor5 andthe casing Mo+t o9 the ;ear i+ on the ane+ an- the+e .an rea-i,6 erep,a.e-


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1 (he ;ane Pump

The fexible vane pump

• #he pump+ -e+.ri e- a o e ;i,, not handle liquids containing solidparticles in suspension 4 an- the 1e:i ,e ane pump+ ha+ een-e e,ope- to o er.ome thi+ -i+a- antage

• In thi+ .a+e4 the rotor 2!igure K &0 i+ an integral elastomer moulding

of a hub with e9ible vanes ;hi.h rotate+ in a .6,in-ri.a, .a+ing.ontaining a crescent!shaped bloc3 4 a+ in the .a+e o9 the internal g pump.


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2 (he ow inducer or peristaltic pump

• Con+i+t o9 silicone rubber or other elastic tubing 4 t6pi.a,,6 o9 3 to -iameter4 i+ .ompre++e- in +tage+ 6 mean+ o9 a rotor

•

#he tu ing i+ ?tte- to a .ur e- tra.< mounte- .on.entri.a,,6 ;ith a rotor.arr6ing three ro,,er+ A+ the ro,,er+ rotate4 the6 1atten the tu e again+t thetra.< at the point+ o9 .onta.t #he+e J1at+J mo e the 1ui- 6 po+iti e-i+p,a.ement4 an- the 1o; .an e pre.i+e,6 .ontro,,e- 6 the +pee- o9 themotor

• #he+e pump+ ha e eenparti.u,ar,6 u+e9u, 9or

biological uids ;hereall forms of contactmust be avoided

(h


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< (he ,ono pump• A +pe.ia, +hape- he,i.a, meta, rotor re o, e+ e..entri.a,,6 ;ithin a

-ou ,e(he,i:4 re+i,ient ru er +tator o9 t;i.e the pit.h ,ength o9 the meta,rotor

• %i e+ a uniform ow an- quiet in operation It ;i,, pump again+t

pressures• #he pump .an han-,e corrosive and gritty liquids an- i+ e:ten+i e

u+e- 9or 9ee-ing +,urrie+ to ?,ter pre++e+ It mu+t ne er e ran -r6 It+a,+o .an han-,e highly viscosity ,iqui-


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= 'crew pumps

• A highly viscous material i+ repre+ente- 6 the +.re; e:tru-er u+e- inthe po,6mer in-u+tr6 E:tru-er+ in the manu9a.ture o9 simple acomple9 sections 2ro-+4 tu e+4 hea-ing+4 .urtain rai,+4 rain;aterguttering+ an- a mu,titu-e o9 other +hape+

• Ho;e er4 the +hape o9 +e.tion pro-u.e- in a gi en materia, i+ -epen-enton,6 on the pro?,e o9 the ho,e through ;hi.h the 1ui- i+ pu+he- >u+t

e9ore it .oo,+ an- +o,i-i?e+


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S.re; pump


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: (HE :E*($&F+/"L P+,P

• #he .entri9uga, pump i+ 6 9ar the most widely used type in thechemical and petroleum industries It ;i,, pump ,iqui-+ ;ith er6

;i-e(ranging propertie+ an- +u+pen+ion+ ;ith a high +o,i-+ .ontentin.,u-ing4 9or e:amp,e4 .ement +,urrie+4 an- ma6 e .on+tru.te- 9rom aer6 ;i-e range o9 .orro+ion re+i+tant materia,+

• #he ;ho,e pump casing ma6 e .on+tru.te- from plastics such aspolypropylene or it ma6 e ?tte- ;ith a .orro+ion re+i+tant ,iningBe.au+e it operates at high speed5 it may be directly coupled to an

electric motor an- it ;i,, gi e a high 1o;rate 9or it+ +i e


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(he centrifugal pump

•

In thi+ t6pe o9 pump 2!igure K &) 4 the uid is fed to the centrerotating impe,,er an- i+ thrown outward 6 .entri9uga, a.tion A+ re+u,t o9 the high speed of rotation the ,iqui- a.quire+ a high


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Centri9uga, Pump+ L Pro+ F Con+Pro+ Con+

It i+ +imp,e in .on+tru.tion an- .an4 there9ore4e ma-e in a ;i-e range o9 materia,+

High eD.ien.6 on,6 a ,imite- range o9.on-ition+= thi+ app,ie+ e+pe.ia,,6 to t

pump+ #here i+ a .omp,ete a +en.e o9 a, e+ Ger6 i+.ou+ ,iqui-+ .annot e han-,e-

eD.ient,6

It operate+ at high +pee- 2up to &00 H an-4there9ore .an e .oup,e- -ire.t,6 to an e,e.tri.motor

iqui- ;i,, run a.< into the +u.tion tan+oon a+ the pump +top+ L nee- to putreturn a, e at -e,i er6 or +u.tion ,ine

It gi e+ a +tea-6 -e,i er6 Not u+ua,,6 +e,9(priming

Maintenan.e .o+t+ are ,o;er than 9or an6 othert6pe o9 pump

No -amage i9 the -e,i er6 ,ine e.ome+,o.


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Centri9uga, pump


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Centri9uga, GS Re.ipro.ating:entrifugal advantages $eciprocating advantagesSimp,e+t .entri9uga, pump+ are .heaperthan the +imp,e+t re.ipro.ating pump+

Can e -e+igne- 9or higher hea-+ than.entri9uga, pump+

Centri9uga, pump+ -e,i er 1ui- at uni9ormpre++ure ;ithout +ho.e.te- to air in-ing 2pre+en.eo9 air re,ea+e- 9rom ;ater an- the+u.tion ma6 e un-er a pre++ure ,e++ thanatmo+pheri. ;ithout ne.e++itating +pe.ia,-e i.e+ 9or priming

Can -ire.t,6 .onne.te- to motor -eri e;ithout the u+e o9 gear+ or e,t+

#he6 operate at near,6 .on+tant eD.ien.6o er a ;i-e range o9 1o;rate+

#he6 .an han-,e ;i-e range o9 1ui-2eg=;ith ,arge amount+ o9 +o,i-+ in +u+pen+ionor arie+ in i+.o+itie+

Simp,e in -e+ign an- +ma,, in +i e uthigh in .apa.it6

Che 503 Fluid Flow - Lec 15.1

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Transcript of Che 503 Fluid Flow - Lec 15.1