BRAT-MC 0011÷0121 BRAT-MC 0071÷0121 SLkalor.com.pl/upload/Instrukcja użytkowania i...

INSTALLATION, USER AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL

Condensing unitsEN

BRAT-MC 0011÷0121

BRAT-MC 0071÷0121

SL

2 BRAT-MC EN 02/2011

INDICEINDEX

General warnings 3

Waiver of liability 3

Fundamental safety rules 3

Receiving, handling and installing the 4

product

Characteristics 5

Dimensioned drawings 6

Refrigerant lines 6

Refrigerant line sizing 7

Electrical connections 9

General technical data 16

Operating limits 17

Checking and starting up the unit 18

LED and display 19

Displaying alarms 21

Operating characteristics 21

Shutting down for long periods 22

Routine maintenance 22

Special maintenance 22

Disposal 22

Troubleshooting 23

Useful information 25

U I A

A

A

AI

I A

A

A

A

A

I A

I AU

U I A

U I A

I A

I A

I

I

I A

I A

IU A

I A

User

Installer

Assistance

Important

Prohibition

Danger voltage

Danger high temperatures

The manufacturer reserves the right to modify the data in this manual without warning.

Eurovent certification program.

The following symbols are used in some parts of this publication and inside the unit:

ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION: This unit contains fluorinated greenhouse gases covered by the Kyoto Protocol.

The maintenance and disposal operations must only be carried out by qualified personnel.

U

I

A

3BRAT-MC EN 02/2011

GENERAL WARNINGS U I A

FUNDAMENTAL SAFETY RULES U I A

WAIVER OF LIABILITY U I A

These appliances have been designed for connection

to direct expansion coils or remote heat exchangers, and

must be used in applications compatible with their per-

formance characteristics; these appliances are designed

for residential or similar applications.

Incorrect installation, regulation and maintenance or

improper use absolve the manufacturer from all liability,

whether contractual or otherwise, for damage to people,

animals or things.

Only those applications specifically indicated in this list

are permitted

Read this manual carefully. All work must be carried

out by qualified personnel in conformity with legislation in

force in the country concerned.

The warranty is void if the above instructions are not

respected and if the unit is started up for the first time with-

out the presence of personnel authorised by the Company

(where specified in the supply contract) who should draw up

a “start-up” report.

The documents supplied with the unit must be consigned

to the owner who should keep them carefully for future con-

sultation in the event of maintenance or service.

When the items are consigned by the carrier, check that the

packaging and the unit are undamaged.

If damage or missing components are noted, indicate this on

the delivery note. A formal complaint should be sent via fax

or registered post to the After Sales Department within eight

days from the date of receipt of the items.

All repair or maintenance work must be carried out by the

Company’s Technical Service or qualified personnel follow-

ing the instructions in this manual.

Do not modify or tamper with the appliance as this may cre-

ate situations of danger; in such cases the manufacturer of

the appliance is not liable for any damage caused.

Remember that when operating equipment involving the use of electricity and refrigerant, a number of fundamental safety rules

must be observed, namely:

This publication is the sole property of Climaveneta. Any

reproduction or disclosure of such is strictly prohibited with-

out the written authorisation of Climaveneta.

This document has been prepared with maximum care and

attention paid to the content shown. Nonetheless, Cli-

maveneta waives all liability deriving from the use of such

document.

Read this document carefully.

All work must be performed, components selected and

materials used professionally and in complete accordance

with the legislation in force in material in the country con-

cerned, and considering the operating conditions and

intended uses of the system, by qualified personnel.

The unit must not be used by children or by unfit per-

sons without suitable supervision.

Do not touch the unit with bare feet or with wet or

damp parts of the body.

Never perform any cleaning operations before having

disconnected the unit from the mains power supply.

Do not modify safety or control devices without authori-

sation and instructions from the manufacturer.

Do not pull, detach or twist the electrical cables coming

from the unit, even when disconnected from the mains

electricity supply.

Do not open doors or panels providing access to the

internal parts of the unit without first ensuring that the

mains switch is in the off position.

Do not introduce pointed objects through the air

intake and outlet grills.

Do not dispose of, abandon or leave within reach of

children packaging materials (cardboard, staples, plastic

bags, etc.) as they may represent a hazard.

Do not allow refrigerant gas to leak into the atmos-

phere.

Avoid contact with refrigerant gas as it is potentially

hazardous.

BRAT-MC 0011÷0061 appliances are supplied without

the main switch.

Power supply to the unit must be disconnected using a

switch with suitable characteristics, to be supplied and

installed by the installer.

Respect safety distances between the unit and other

equipment or structures. Guarantee adequate space for

access to the unit for maintenance and/or service opera-

tions (see the figure on page 5).

Power supply: the size of the electrical cables must be

adequate for the power of the unit and the power supply

voltage must correspond with the value indicated on the

respective units. All units must be earthed in conformity

with legislation in force in the country concerned.

Some terminals in the electrical panel may be pow-

ered even after the unit is disconnected.

Make sure power is not connected before proceeding.

Water connections should be carried out as indicated in

the instructions to guarantee correct operation of the

unit.

Add glycol to the water circuit if the unit is not used dur-

ing the winter or the circuit is not emptied.

Handle the unit with the utmost care (see weight distrib-

ution table) to avoid damage.


H

P

L

Barcode (compressor side)

Ø 22mm

Size 0011 0021 0025 0031 0041 0051 0061 0071* 0091* 0101* 0121*Dimension W mm 1065 1065 1065 1065 1065 1065 1065 1630 1630 1530 1530

Dimension D mm 465 465 465 465 465 465 515 650 650 650 650

Dimension H mm 800 800 1100 1100 1400 1400 1550 1420 1420 1920 1920

Weight Kg 90 95 110 115 135 155 165 250 253 330 335

* The values refer both to standard units and the unit in the low noise version (SL)

The chillers are supplied accompanied by:

- installation, user and maintenance manual;

- CE declaration;

CHOICE OF INSTALLATION SITEBefore installing the unit, agree with the customer the site

where it will be installed, taking the following points into con-

sideration:

• Check that the fixing points are adequate to support the

weight of the unit;

• Pay scrupulous respect to safety distances between the

unit and other equipment or structures to ensure that air

entering the unit and discharged by the fans is free to cir-

culate.

HANDLING AND POSITIONINGThe unit should always be handled by qualified personnel

using equipment adequate for the weight of the chiller.

• Before handling the unit, check the capacity of the lift

equipment used, respecting the instructions on the pack-

aging.

• To move the unit horizontally, make appropriate use of a

lift truck or similar, bearing in mind the weight distribution

of the unit.

To lift the unit, insert tubes long enough to allow position-

ing of the lifting slings and safety pins in the special feet

on the unit.

For the sizes of these tubes, see the figures shown in the

corresponding section.

• To avoid the slings damaging the unit, place protection

between the slings and the unit.

Position the unit in the site indicated by the customer.

Place either a layer of rubber (min. thickness 10 mm) or

vibration damper feet (optional) between the base and

support surface.

Fix the unit, making sure it is level and that there is easy

access to water and electrical components.

If the site is exposed to strong winds, fix the unit ade-

quately using tie rods if necessary.

Prevent leaves, branches or snow from accumulating

around the unit. These could reduce the efficiency of the

unit.

The installation, user and maintenance manual is an

integral part of the unit and should therefore be read and

kept carefully.

It is recommended that the packaging should not be

removed until the unit is located in the installation site.

During transport, the chiller should be kept in a verti-

cal position

The weight of the chiller is biased towards the com-

pressor side (side of the packaging with the barcode,

see the figure at the foot of the page).

Do not dispose of packaging materials in the environ-

ment or leave them within reach of children as they may

represent a hazard.

RECEIVING, HANDLING AND INSTALLING THE PRODUCT I A

5BRAT-MC EN 02/2011

CHARACTERISTICS I A

1 Electrical panel

2 Control panel

3 Low pressure switch

4 High pressure switch

5 Liquid and moisture indicator

6 Scroll compressor

7 Axial-flow fan

8 Filter

9 Outside heat exchanger

10 Refrigerant connections

11 Pressure test points for maintenance

The BRAT-MC appliances are units operating on R-410A

and refrigerant are suitable for outdoor installation.

The units are CE marked, as established by the EU direc-

tives, including the latest amendments, and the correspond-

ing approximated national legislation.

They are factory tested and on site installation is limited to

refrigerant and electrical connections.

97

2

1

4

6

3

8

5

10

11

9

7

2

1

4

6

3

8

5

10

1111

97

12

4

8

5

6

3

10

11

0011÷0061

0071÷0121 0071÷0121 SL

DIMENSIONED DRAWINGS I

REFRIGERANT LINE I


600

W1 W2

W4 W3

90

0

D

B

C

=E

A

=

400M

AX

IMU

M H

EIG

HT

DIF

FE

RE

NC

E

6 M

ete

r

MA

XIM

UM

HE

IGH

T D

IFF

ER

EN

CE

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 1

Dimension 0011 0021 0025 0031 0041 0051 0061 0071* 0091* 0101* 0121*A mm 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 1450 1450 1450 1450

B mm 640 640 940 940 1240 1240 1390 1200 1200 1700 1700

C mm 370 370 370 370 370 370 420 550 550 550 550

D mm 580 580 580 580 580 580 580 497 497 497 497

E mm 400 400 400 400 400 400 450 1477 1477 1477 1477

Weight distribution 0011 0021 0025 0031 0041 0051 0061 0071* 0091* 0101* 0121*W1 rear R kg 30 31 37 39 47 54 59 79 80 103 108

W2 rear L kg 11 12 14 14 18 20 22 42 43 54 54

W3 front L kg 10 11 13 14 16 19 20 39 40 51 51

W4 front R kg 24 26 31 33 39 47 49 75 75 107 107

tot kg 75 80 95 100 120 140 150 235 238 315 320

* The values refer both to standard units and the unit in the low noise version (SL)

The BRAT-MC units are pre-charged with nitrogen.

CORRECT CONNECTION PROCEDURESuction/discharge pipes

1. Suitably insulate the piping with anti-condensate “closed

cell” polyethylene with a minimum thickness of 9 mm.

2. If the outdoor unit is lower than the indoor unit or direct

expansion coil, a drain trap must be fitted to avoid fluid

returning towards the compressor (see Fig.1);

3. If the outdoor unit is higher than the indoor unit or direct

expansion coil by less than 6 m, it is sufficient to fit an air

trap before the indoor unit (see Fig. 2);

4. If the outdoor unit is higher than the indoor unit or direct

expansion coil by more than 6 m, an oil collection trap

should be fitted every 6 m and an air trap should be

included before the indoor unit (see Fig.3);

5. When installing the piping, make sure all bends have a

large radius. Avoid hairpins. Do not choke the pipes.

Liquid piping

1. Do not use pipes with excessive diameters so as to avoid

excessive refrigerant charges;

2. If the piping is exposed to heat sources, insulate it appro-

priately.

7BRAT-MC EN 02/2011

REFRIGERANT LINE SIZING I A

Union coupling

Flanged pipe stub

Union coupling

Flanged pipe stub

Gas line Liquid line

SUCTION PIPESFlared couplings are used for all sizes.

For the connections, proceed as follows:

1. Prepare the end of the pipe by flaring it to the right

shape.

2. Connect the prepared pipe to the suction line shut-off

valve using two spanners as shown in the figure below.

LIQUID PIPESFlared couplings are used for all sizes.

For the connections, proceed as follows:

1. Prepare the end of the pipe by flaring it to the right

shape.

2. Connect the prepared pipe to the liquid line shut-off valve

using two spanners as shown in the figure below.

Note: The use of a flare connected directly to the piping lim-

its impurities inside the pipe.

All pipes must be perfectly clean (clean piping with nitrogen

or dry air before connecting the pipes to the two units) and

free from moisture to allow efficient venting.

Model 0011 0021 0025 0031 0041 0051 0061 0071 0091 0101 0121

Type of line 0-30 m eq.

Gas Ø mm 16 16 16 16 18 18 18 18 18 22 22

Liquid Ø mm 10 10 10 10 14 14 14 14 14 16 16

Type of line 30-40 m eq.

Gas Ø mm - - - - 22 22 22 22 22 28 28

Liquid Ø mm - - - - 16 16 16 16 16 18 18

Model 0011 0021 0025 0031 0041 0051 0061 0071 0091 0101 0121

Finned-condenser coil

volumedm3 1,4 2,1 3,2 3,2 2,9 4,2 5 6,4 6,4 9,4 9,4

Indicative gas content Kg 1,2 1,7 2,6 2,3 2,3 3,2 3,7 4,2 4,8 5,9 6

(R410A).

N.B.: Important: when gas is added, lubrication oil must also be added in a ratio of 10% weight of the refrigerant gas.

N.B.: The weight of gas specified in the table is purely indicative.

The connection pipes between the condensing unit (outside) and air handling unit (inside) must have the correct diameter to

avoid loss of warranty. Avoid tight bends in the pipes (the radius of curvature should be at least equal to the diameter of the

pipe).

CONNECTION PIPE SIZING IN RELATION TO EQUIVALENT DISTANCE (up to 40 mt.)

Pipe diameter 10 14 16 18 22 28

Type of line

Gas gr./m - - 29 39 64 105

Liquid gr./m 59 90 160 209 - -

R410A CHARGES PER LINEAR METRE OF PIPING

COIL VOLUMES AND THEORETICAL R410A REFRIGERANT CHARGES


CHECKING FOR LEAKS1. Check that the valves on the outdoor unit are completely

closed;

2. Connect the pressure gauge to the service outlet on the

two outdoor unit valves;

3. Charge with freon R410A gas to a pressure of 250 kPa;

4. Connect the nitrogen cylinder to the valves and bring the

circuit up to a pressure of 1200 kPa;

5. Using a leak detection light or other electronic instrument,

make sure there are no leaks. When complete, discharge

the unit

SIZE AND POSITION OF CONNECTIONS

Size 0011÷0031 0041 0051-0061 0071-0091 0101÷0121A (mm) 91,5 91,5 91,5 93 45

B (mm) 102 102 102 140 152

C (mm) 202 202 202 240 100

gas connection (mm/inch) 16-5/8” 18-3/4” 18-3/4” 22,7-7/8” 28

liquid connection (mm/inch) 9,52-3/8” 9,52-3/8” 9,52-3/8” 15,9-5/8” 18

C

A

B

LIQUID

VALVE

GAS

VALVEAC

B

MOD. 0101-0121MOD. 0011÷0091

OUTDOOR UNIT

INDOOR UNIT / EXPANSION COIL

L HR410a N

1 2

9BRAT-MC EN 02/2011

ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS I A

The BRAT-MC leave the factory already wired, and require

the installation of a circuit breaker, a lockable mains discon-

nect switch for the connection to the mains power supply,

and the connection of the flow switch to the corresponding

terminals. All the above operations must be carried out by

qualified personnel in compliance with the legislation in

force.

For all electrical work, refer to the electrical wiring diagrams

in this manual. It is also recommended to check that:

- The characteristics of the mains electricity supply are ade-

quate for the power ratings indicated in the electrical spec-

ifications below, also bearing in mind the possible use of

other equipment at the same time.

Power to the unit must be turned on only after installa-

tion work (water and electrical) has been completed.

All the electrical connections must be performed by

qualified personnel according to the relevant standards

in force in the country concerned.

Respect instructions for connecting phase, neutral and

earth conductors.

The power line should be fitted upstream with a suitable

device to protect against short-circuits and leakage to

earth, isolating the installation from other equipment.

Voltage must be within a tolerance of ±10% of the rated

power supply voltage for the unit (for three phase units,

the unbalance between the phases must not exceed

3%).

If these parameters are not respected, contact the elec-

tricity supply company.For electrical connections, use

double insulation cable in conformity with legislation in

force in the country concerned.

A circuit breaker and a lockable mains disconnect

switch, in compliance with the CEI-EN standards

(contact opening of at least 3mm), with adequate

switching and residual current protection capacity

based on the electrical data table shown below, must

be installed as near as possible to the appliance.

The devices on the unit must be lockable.

An efficient earth connection is obligatory.

The manufacturer cannot be held liable for any damage

caused by the failure to correctly earth the unit.

In the case of three phase units, ensure the phases

are connected correctly.

Do not use water pipes to earth the unit.

BRAT-MC ELECTRICAL DATA

F.L.I. Power consumption

F.L.A. Current draw

L.R.A. Peak compressor current

ModelPower supply

(V-Ph-Hz)

Total Fuses (5x20T 250V)

F.L.I. (kW) F.L.A. (A) L.R.A. (A) FU2 FU3 FU4

BRAT MC 0011 230-1N~50 3,5 16,6 58 1.25A 2A -

BRAT MC 0021 230-1N~50 3,6 16,6 61 1.25A 2A -

BRAT MC 0021 400-3N~50 3,1 6,1 32 1.25A 2A -

BRAT MC 0025 230-1N~50 4,1 19,6 82 1.25A 2A -

BRAT MC 0025 400-3N~50 3,8 6,6 35 1.25A 2A -

BRAT MC 0031 230-1N~50 4,8 23,6 97 1.25A 2A -

BRAT MC 0031 400-3N~50 4,4 8,6 48 1.25A 2A -

BRAT MC 0041 230-1N~50 4,8 28,3 130 2A 2A -

BRAT MC 0041 400-3N~50 5,6 11,3 64 2A 2A -

BRAT MC 0051 400-3N~50 6,9 13,1 64 2A 2A -

BRAT MC 0061 400-3N~50 8,8 16,3 74 2A 2A -

BRAT MC 0071 400-3N~50 9,26 19,0 101 8A 1A 1A

BRAT MC 0091 400-3N~50 12,1 23,8 111 8A 1A 1A

BRAT MC 0101 400-3N~50 13,0 27,6 118 8A 1A 1A

BRAT MC 0121 400-3N~50 17,4 36,6 140 8A 1A 1A

ModelPower supply

(V-Ph-Hz)

Total Fuses (5x20T 250V)

F.L.I. (kW) F.L.A. (A) L.R.A. (A) FU2 FU3 FU4

BRAT MC 0071 SL 400-3N~50 8,94 17,5 101 8A 1A 1A

BRAT MC 0091 SL 400-3N~50 11,8 22,3 111 8A 1A 1A

BRAT MC 0101 SL 400-3N~50 12,2 23,9 118 8A 1A 1A

BRAT MC 0121 SL 400-3N~50 16,6 32,9 140 8A 1A 1A

10 BRAT-MC EN 02/2011

ELECTRICAL PANELThe electrical panel is located inside the

unit at the top of the technical compart-

ment where the various components of

the refrigerant circuit are also to be found.

To access the electrical panel, remove the

front panel of the unit by undoing the

screws.

BRAT-MC 0011÷0041 SINGLE-PHASE ELECTRICAL PANEL LAYOUT

KA

3

KA

4KM1

C1

A1

TC1

FU

2

FU

3

A3

C90051696B_00

C

B

D

E

A

C2

C3

CHECK AGAINST THE WIRING

DIAGRAM

BRAT-MC 0021÷0061 THREE-PHASE ELECTRICAL PANEL LAYOUT

KA

3

KA

4KM1

A1

TC1

FU

2

FU

3

A3

C90051702B_00

C

B

D

E

A

C2

C3


DIAGRAM

11BRAT-MC EN 02/2011

BRA-MC 0071÷0121 THREE-PHASE ELECTRICAL PANEL LAYOUT

TC1

KA

3

KA

4

A1

+C

4

C2

-3-5

A4

QS1

QM1 KA2 KM1

C90051708B_00


DIAGRAM

12 BRAT-MC EN 02/2011

POWER CONNECTIONSFor the functional connection of the unit, bring the power

supply cable to the electrical panel inside the unit and con-

nect it to terminals U-N and PE, respecting the (U) phase,

(N) neutral and (PE) earth in the case of single phase units

or U-V-W phases, N neutral and PE earth in three phase

units (400V-3N~ 50Hz).

AUXILIARY CONNECTIONSAll terminals referred to in the explanations below are to be

found on the terminal block inside the electrical panel and

described as “installer terminals”.

REMOTE ON/OFFTo use a remote on/off device, an external contactor must

be connected to installer terminals 14 and 15, setting para-

meter CL42 to -1 (CL42=-1).

For timed operation, connect a daily or weekly timer

between terminals 14 and 15.

REMOTE ALARMFor remote display of unit shut-down, an audible or visual

alarm warning device can be connected between terminals

12 and 13.

Connect the phase to terminal 12 and the alarm signal

device between terminal 13 and the neutral (max load

applicable 500mA at 24V).

REMOTE KEYPAD KITThe remote keypad kit can be used to display all unit func-

tions and access the parameters of the electronic board

from a point located at some distance from the unit itself.

It consists of a remote control module.

To install the kit, proceed as follows:

- access the unit’s electrical panel after having disconnect-

ed the power supply (using the door lock disconnect

switch QSI);

- connect the remote control module with 3 wires to termi-

nals 22, 23 and 24 on the installer terminal block:

- terminal 22 connected to the GND terminal on the module;

- terminal 23 connected to the Signal terminal on the mod-

ule;

- terminal 24 connected to the +12V terminal on the mod-

ule;

DIGITAL INPUT FOR THE ECONOMY FUNCTIONTo enable the ECONOMY function connect an external con-

tactor to installer terminals 16 and 17, and set the following

parameters

- CL43 to 22

- Tr15 to the desired offset in COOL mode


BRAT-MC 0011÷0041 SINGLE-PHASE WIRING DIAGRAM

N4

L2

A1

C6

54

03

00

5B

_0

0

L N

U-N

PE

23

0V

~

50

HzQ

F1

L-N

U3

U1

0

0

7 7

00 1~

43

21

brown

black

blue

C2

EV

1

B

M

01

MO

RS

ET

TI P

ER

IN

STA

LLA

TO

RE

INS

TA

LLE

R T

ER

MIN

AL B

LO

CK

32

1

0

23R

1

KM

1

0

23

FU

3

1 0

D

11

KA

3

230V

AC

0

5 brown6

P

22

BP

3

5.

0

65

D

31

24V

AC

KM

1

KA

3

17

16

GN

1

23

0V

AC

1

A M

AX

F2

F1

43

A5

22

24

23

+12V

dcsi

gnal

Gnd

white

E

SA

1

19

18

15

14

2E

1

TC

1

Su

pp

.S

up

p.

20

WA

YS

CO

NN

5V

dc

DO

5D

I3A

I1A

I2A

I3G

ND

12

Vd

cA

O1

20

WA

YS

CO

NN

DO

3

8 W

AY

S C

ON

N

12

3

LA

N

TC

1D

O4

D0

1D

O2

TC

1N

DO

4A

O5

DI4

DI5

DI1

DI2

AI4

AO

3A

O4

AO

111

23

18

10

98

51

21

31

71

62

01

97

A3

47

26

58

31

43

12

GN

D

14

AO

2A

I561

5

DI6

4

GN

D

55

11

10

KM

1

KA

3

6

22

0

0

0

19

20 22

13

22

22

25 25 25

26 27

29

29

29

30 30 30 30

31

31

31

313131

35

33 33 33 33

31

36 36 36 36

45454545

44444444

47

48

KA

4

49

50

12

13

RD

1

2

1

5

KA

4

28 28

M

C

EV

2

C3

blue

black

brown

12

34

1~0 0

88

0

0

0

1

6 6 6

6 66

31

31

30

31

33

31

3

SA

2

FU

2

065

I d

45

44

1~M

CS

R

Z1

C1

UN

KM

1

0

22

0

5

5

3232323232

43434343

4646 46 46 46

1

Outline wiring diagram, see the diagram on the unit’s electrical panel A1

R

adio

inte

rfere

nce s

uppre

sser

A3

C

ontr

olle

r

A5

R

em

ote

unit c

ontr

ol keypad

BP

3

Condensin

g / e

vapora

tion p

ressure

contr

ol tr

ansducer

C1

C

om

pre

ssor

sta

rt c

apacitor

C2

-3

Fan s

tart

capacitor

EV

1-2

F

ans

F1

H

igh p

ressure

sw

itch

F2

Low

pre

ssure

sw

itch

FU

2

Fan p

rote

ction f

use

FU

3

Auxili

ary

circuit p

rote

ction f

use

GN

1

Com

pre

ssor

ON

lig

ht

KA

3

Hig

h p

ressure

sw

itch r

ela

y

KA

4

Ala

rm r

ela

y

KM

1

Com

pre

ssor

contr

ol pow

er

conta

cto

r

QF

1

Unit p

rote

ction s

witch

R1

Com

pre

ssor

oil

sum

p h

eate

r

RD

1

Unit lockout

indic

ato

r lig

ht

SA

1

On-o

ff a

nd/o

r tim

er

conta

ct

input

SA

2

Coolin

g c

ontr

ol sig

nal

TC

1

230/2

4 V

AC

tra

nsfo

rme

r

Z1

Com

pre

ssor

1

No

t su

pp

lied

2

Op

tio

na

l

3

Siz

e 0

04

1 o

nly

14 BRAT-MC EN 02/2011

N4

L2

A1

C6

54

03

00

6B

_0

0

L1

N

U-V

-W-N

PE

40

0V

-3N

~

50

Hz

QF

1

L1

-L2

-L3

-N

U3

U1

MO

RS

ET

TI P

ER

IN

STA

LLA

TO

RE

INS

TA

LLE

R T

ER

MIN

AL B

LO

CK

1I d

3~

M

T1

T2

T3

KM

1

Z1

0

0 00 1~

43

21

brown

black

blue

C2

EV

1

B

M

01

32

1

0 R1

KM

1

0

FU

3

1 0

D

1

KA

3

230V

AC

0

brown6

P

BP

3

5.

0

65

D

24V

AC

KM

1

KA

3

17

16

GN

1

23

0V

AC

1

A M

AX

F2

F1

43

A5

22

24

23

+12V

dcsi

gnal

Gnd

white

E

SA

1

19

18

15

14

2E

1

TC

1

Su

pp

.S

up

p.

20

WA

YS

CO

NN

5V

dc

DO

5D

I3A

I1A

I2A

I3G

ND

12

Vd

cA

O1

20

WA

YS

CO

NN

DO

3

8 W

AY

S C

ON

N

12

3

LA

N

TC

1D

O4

D0

1D

O2

TC

1N

DO

4A

O5

DI4

DI5

DI1

DI2

AI4

AO

3A

O4

AO

111

23

18

10

98

51

21

31

71

62

01

97

A3

47

26

58

31

43

12

GN

D

14

AO

2A

I561

5

DI6

4

GN

D

11

10

KM

1

KA

3

0

0

013

36 36 36 36

KA

4

12

13

RD

1

2

KA

4

M

C

EV

2

C3

blue

black

brown

12

34

1~0 00

0

0

1

3

SA

2

FU

2

0

0

0

5

6 6

7 7

6 6 6

6

8 8

6

6

5

5

22 23 23

22

22

22

22

22

19

20

25 25 25

26 27

28 28

5 5 5

5

29

29

29

30 30 30 30 30

3131

31 31

3131

31

3232323232

33 33 33 33 33

3131

35

313131

43434343

44

45

44 44 44 44

45 45 45 45

46 46 46 46 46

47

48

49

50

11

BRAT-MC 0021÷0061 THREE-PHASE WIRING DIAGRAM


Radio

inte

rfere

nce s

uppre

sser

A3

Contr

olle

r

A5

Rem

ote

unit c

on

trol keypad

BP

3

Condensin

g/e

vapora

tion p

ressure

contr

ol tr

ansducer

C2-3

F

an s

tart

capacitor

EV

1-2

Fan

F1

Hig

h p

ressure

sw

itch

F2

Low

pre

ssure

sw

itch

FU

2

Fan p

rote

ction fu

se

FU

3

Auxili

ary

circuit p

rote

ction fuse

GN

1

Com

pre

ssor

ON

lig

ht

KA

3

Hig

h p

ressure

sw

itch r

ela

y

KA

4

Ala

rm r

ela

y

KM

1

Com

pre

ssor

conta

cto

r

QF

1

Unit p

rote

ction s

witch

R1

Com

pre

ssor

oil

sum

p h

eate

r

RD

1

Unit lockout

indic

ato

r lig

ht

SA

1

On-o

ff a

nd/o

r tim

er

conta

ct

input

SA

2

Coolin

g c

ontr

ol sig

nal

TC

1

230/2

4 V

AC

tra

nsfo

rmer

Z1

Com

pre

sso

r1

N

ot su

pp

lied

2

Op

tio

na

l

3

Siz

e 0

04

1, 0

05

1, 0

06

1 o

nly


BRAT-MC SL 0071÷0121 THREE-PHASE WIRING DIAGRAM

N4

L2

A1

C6

54

03

00

7B

_0

0L

1

N

U-V

-W-N

PE

40

0V

-3N

~ 5

0H

z

QF

1

U3

U1

01

MO

RS

ET

TI P

ER

IN

STA

LLA

TO

RE

INS

TA

LLE

R T

ER

MIN

AL B

LO

CK

32

1

21

23

R1

KM

1

21

23

21

22

1 0

C

1

KA

3

230V

AC

0

18

5

18

brown6

P

22

BP

3

5.

21

65

C

31

230V

AC

KM

1

KA

3

17

16

GN

1

23

0V

AC

1

A M

AX

F2

F1

43

A5

22

24

23

+12V

dcsi

gnal

Gnd

white

SA

1

19

18

15

14

2E

1

TC

1

18

Su

pp

.S

up

p.

20

WA

YS

CO

NN

5V

dc

DO

5D

I3A

I1A

I2A

I3G

ND

12

Vd

cA

O1

20

WA

YS

CO

NN

DO

3

8 W

AY

S C

ON

N

12

3

LA

N

TC

1D

O4

D0

1D

O2

TC

1N

DO

4A

O5

DI4

DI5

DI1

DI2

AI4

AO

3A

O4

AO

111

23

18

10

98

51

21

31

71

62

01

97

A3

47

26

58

31

43

12

GN

D

14

AO

2A

I561

5

DI6

4

GN

D

55

11

10

KM

1

5

KA

3

518

22

19

20 22

22

22

25 25

26 27

29

29

30 30 30

31

31

3131

35

33 33 33

31

36 36 36

454545

444444

47

48

KA

4

49

50

12

13

RD

1

2

1

1

31

31

30

31

33

31

SA

2

21

I d

24VAC

KA

2

C4

1

3~M2

3

T1

T2

T3

L1

L2

L3KM

1

QM

1

Z1

L2

L1

KA

2L3

L2

L1

L3

L1

-L2

-L3

-N

U-V

-W-N

KA

4

2828

32323232

37 31

434343

46 46 46

FU

3

FU

4

11

EV

1

21

22

N5

25

26

N2

23

N6

24

27

28

N3

33

34

A4F

1N

1

FU

2

8

7

6

7

6

5

18

7

6

1~M

A1

24

3

EV

2

14

13

12

1~M

67

98

17

16

15

1~M

B1

24

3 EV

3

3

C2

C3

C5

blue

black

brown

blue

blue

12

13

15

16

black

brown

black

brown

QS

1

E


R

adio

inte

rfere

nce s

uppre

sser

A3

C

ontr

olle

r

A4

F

an c

ontr

ol m

odule

A5

R

em

ote

unit c

ontr

ol keypad

BP

3

Condensin

g/e

vapora

tion p

ressure

contr

ol tr

ansducer

C2

-3-5

Fan s

tart

capacitor

C4

R

adio

inte

rfere

nce s

uppre

sser

EV

1-2

-3F

ans

F1

H

igh p

ressure

sw

itch

F2

Low

pre

ssure

sw

itch

FU

2

Fan p

rote

ction fuse

FU

3

Tra

nsfo

rmer

pro

tection fuse

FU

4

Auxili

ary

circuit p

rote

ction f

use

GN

1

Gre

en c

om

pre

ssor

ON

lig

ht

KA

2

Phase s

equence c

ontr

ol re

lay

KA

3

Hig

h p

ressure

sw

itch r

ela

y

KA

4

Ala

rm r

ela

y

QF

1

Unit p

rote

ction s

witch

QM

1

Com

pre

ssor

pro

tection s

witch

QS

1

Door

lock d

isconnect

sw

itch

R1

Com

pre

ssor

oil

sum

p h

eate

r

R2

Heat

exchanger

frost

pro

tection h

eate

r

SA

1

On-o

ff a

nd/o

r tim

er

conta

ct

input

SA

2

Coolin

g c

ontr

ol sig

nal

TC

1

230/2

30-2

4 V

AC

tra

nsfo

rme

r

Z1

Com

pre

ssor

1N

ot su

pp

lied

2

Op

tio

na

l

3

Siz

es 0

10

1-1

21

on

ly

16 BRAT-MC EN 02/2011

UGENERAL TECHNICAL DATA I A

BRAT-MC 0011 0021 0025 0031 0041 0021 0025 0031 0041 0051 0061

Cooling capacity (1) kW 5,6 6,6 7,5 9,6 12,7 6,1 7,5 9,3 12,7 14,2 16,5

Total power consumption (unit) (1) kW 1,9 2,2 2,5 3,4 4,1 2,0 2,4 3,2 4,3 4,7 5,3

EER 2,95 3,00 3,00 2,82 3,10 3,05 3,13 2,91 2,95 3,02 3,11

Compressors n° 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Maximum allowable pressure PSL

(2) MPa2,80 2,80 2,80 2,80 2,80 2,80 2,80 2,80 2,80 2,80 2,80

H 3,93 3,93 3,93 3,93 3,93 3,93 3,93 3,93 3,93 3,93 3,93

Power supply V/ph/Hz 230 ~ 50 400-3 N ~ 50

Index of protection IP X4

Fans n° 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2

Min rotation speed RPM g/min 430 430 430 430 430 430 430 430 430 430 430

Max rotation speed RPM g/min 760 870 870 760 870 870 870 760 870 870 860

Max. air flow m3/s 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,9 0,9 1,0 1,0 1,9 1,8 1,9

Sound power dB(A) 65 66 66 66 69 66 66 66 69 69 69

Mobil EAL Arctic 22 cc oil **Lt 1,1 1,1 1,25 1,25 1,95 1,1 1,25 1,25 1,95 1,90 1,90

ICI Emkarate RL 32 CF **

(1) saturated suction temperature = 5°C, condenser air (in) = 35°C

(2) the maximum and minimum operating pressure refer to activation of the pressure switches

** the two types of oil are equivalent

BRAT-MC 0071 0091 0101 0121

Cooling capacity (1) kW 20,8 23,5 29,5 35,8

Total power consumption (unit) (1) kW 6,9 8,0 8,9 11,4

EER 3,01 2,94 3,31 3,14

Compressors n° 1 1 1 1


(2) MPa2,80 2,80 2,80 2,80

H 3,93 3,93 3,93 3,93

Power supply V/ph/Hz 400-3 N ~ 50


Fans n° 1 1 2 2

Min rotation speed RPM g/min 430 430 430 430

Max rotation speed RPM g/min 910 870 905 905

Max. air flow m3/s 2,4 2,4 4,4 4,4

Sound power dB(A) 76 76 79 79

Mobil EAL Arctic 22 cc oil **Lt 1,77 3,25 3,25 4,00





BRAT-MC SL 0071 SL 0091 SL 0101 SL 0121 SL

Cooling capacity (1) kW 20,1 22,7 27,8 33,4

Total power consumption (unit) (1) kW 6,9 8,0 8,8 11,8

EER 2,91 2,84 3,16 2,83

Compressors n° 1 1 1 1


(2) MPa2,80 2,80 2,80 2,80

H 3,93 3,93 3,93 3,93

Power supply V/ph/Hz 400-3 N ~ 50


Fans n° 2 2 3 3

Min rotation speed RPM g/min 430 430 430 430

Max rotation speed RPM g/min 910 870 905 905

Max. air flow m3/s 2,4 2,4 4,4 4,4

Sound power dB(A) 74 74 76 76

Mobil EAL Arctic 22 cc oil **Lt 1,77 3,25 3,25 4,00






OPERATING LIMITS U I A

Max. storage temperature (°C) 63

Evaporation temperature

Ou

tsid

e a

ir t

em

pe

ratu

re

BRAT-MC operating range

18 BRAT-MC EN 02/2011

CHECKING AND STARTING UP THE UNIT A

PREPARING FOR FIRST START UP or restartingafter shutting down for long periods.The unit must be started up for the first time by the Techni-

cal Service.

Before starting up the units, make sure that:

- All safety conditions have been respected;

- The unit is adequately fixed to the surface it rests on;

- Clearances have been respected

- Water connections have been carried out as indicated in

the instruction manual;

- The water circuit is filled and vented.

- The water valves are open;

- Electrical connections have been carried out correctly

- Voltage is within a tolerance of 10% of the rated voltage

for the unit;

- The unit is correctly earthed;

- All electrical connections are tight and all water connec-

tions have been carried out correctly.

The unit must be started up for the first time with standard

settings. Set Point values may be modified only after testing

has been completed.

Before starting up, power up the unit for at least two hours

by switching QF1 and QS1 ON (see "wiring diagram" and

the control panel in standby) so as to allow the oil in the

compressor sump to heat up.

STARTING UP FOR THE FIRST TIME (after two hours)

Before starting the chiller:

- Make sure the switch QF1 is in the OFF

position.

- Make sure the contact of the on/off device

SA1 (see the wiring diagram) is open (if fea-

tured).

- Close the door of the electrical panel.

- Move the main unit switch QS1 to the ON

position.

- Move the switch QF1 (outside the unit) to

“ON”.

- The icon with the off symbol ( ) lights up on the control

panel, indicating power is connected.

For the position of internal components, see the dia-

grams.

ON

OFF

ON

OFF

ACTIVATING AND DEACTIVATING THE UNIT

- Move the contact on the on/off device SA1

(if featured) to ON.

During this phase, if the following indications appear on

the display, follow the instructions:

- ER01 (three-phase heat pumps only): check the power

supply connection and if necessary reverse two phas-

es.

At every change of season, make sure the operating

conditions fall within the limits specified.

Make sure the current input of the compressor is less

than the maximum shown in the table of technical speci-

fications.

Make sure the voltage is within the established limits and

that, for three phase units, the unbalance between the

phases is less than 3%.

Check that the cover is closed again following the setting

procedure.

To access the control panel, open the door:

- remove the screw 1;

- press the points 2 simultaneously and lift the door 3.

ON

OFF

set

esc

1 2

2

3

3


LEDS AND DISPLAY A

Alarm

Not used

Cooling

Standby

Not used

1 STATUS AND OPERATING MODE LEDS

Compressor

Fans

Not used

Not used

3 UTILITY LEDS

Not used

Degrees centigrade

Pressure (Bar)

Menu (ABC)

2 VALUE AND UNIT OF MEASURE LEDS

set

esc

1

3

2

system heat exchanger

frost protection heater

20 BRAT-MC EN 02/2011

Example of displaying and resetting (tens) the operating-

hours.

From the main display, press the set button.

The display will show label Ai. Scroll the labels using the UP

and DOWN buttons until reaching label Hr.

DISPLAYING AND RESETTING COMPRESSORHOURS

Press the set button to display the first label, in this case the

operating hours for compressor 1 (CP01).

Press the set button to display the operating hours for the

compressor.

The tens of operating hours are equal to 2.

(The hours are expressed in tens: 2 indicates 20 operating

hours).

To reset the operating hours press and hold [set].

Note: to reset the operating hours for the other resources,

repeat the procedure described.

To exit the menu, press esc until returning to the main

display.


DISPLAYING ALARMS I A

FAULT CAUSE SOLUTION

Display indication

Er47

HSW15 communication error with remote

keypad (only if remote keypad featured)Check electrical connection

Display indication

Er75Pressure transducer malfunction

Check electrical connection (see unit wiring dia-

grams)

Replace component

Display indication

Er81Compressor maintenance interval

Check operating pressure

Check condition of the compressor

Reset the clock

Display indication

Er90Maximum alarm log size exceeded Reset alarm log

OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS I A

COMPRESSOR START-UP DELAYTwo functions prevent the compressor from starting up too

frequently.

- Minimum time since last shut-down 180 seconds.

- Minimum time since last start-up 300 seconds.

FAN SPEED CONTROLTo enable the unit to function correctly at different outside

temperatures, a microprocessor with pressure reading via

pressure sensor controls the fan rotation speed. This allows

the exchange of heat to be increased and/or decreased,

maintaining condensing or evaporation pressures essential-

ly constant. The fan operates independently of the compres-

sor.

LIST OF ACCESSIBLE PARAMETERS

Directory label Parameters Parameters for:

CF CF00... CF77 Configuration

Ui UI00... UI18 User interface

tr tr00... tr20 Temperature control

St St00... St04 Operating status

CP CP00... CP10 Compressor

Fans FE FE00... FE30 Fans

Electric HI HI00... H15 System heat exchanger electric heater

heater

AF AF00... AF03 Frost protection

AL AL00... AL48 Alarms

CL C00... CL97 Local I/O configuration

Note 1: when setting the parameters the COMPRESSOR and HEATER LEDs will flash alternating with the DEFROST

LED.

Note 2: the above table shows a list of parameters that are all or partly available only on entering the password.

Values display indication

Er01

High pressure switch tripped, manual reset

after 3 activations in one hour, incorrect

connection of power supply phases (three-

phase models only)

Check fault (see high discharge pressure)

Reset manually

Change the position of two phases.


Er05

Low pressure switch tripped manual reset

after 4 activations per hourCheck fault


Er 10

Fan circuit breaker tripped

Manual reset if active for more than 30

seconds

Check fan circuit breaker

Check compressor circuit breaker

Check correct sequence of power supply phases

(versions 0071-0121)

22 BRAT-MC EN 02/2011

SHUTTING DOWN FOR LONG PERIODS A

After deactivating the chiller:

- Make sure the remote switch SA1 (if featured) is off.

- Make sure the remote keypad (if featured) shows “OFF”.

- Place QF1 in the OFF position (see wiring diagram)

- Deactivate the indoor terminal units by placing the switch

of each unit in the “OFF” position.

If the mains switch is turned to “off” for more than four

hours, after turning it on and before reactivating the unit,

leave the power on but the unit deactivated for at least

two hours to preheat the oil in the compressor sump.

ROUTINE MAINTENANCE A

UNSCHEDULED MAINTENANCE A



Terminals 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 may be

live even when the unit has been disconnected.


REFRIGERANT GAS CONTENT

The chillers are charged with R-410A refrigerant gas and

tested in the factory.

In normal conditions, there should be no need for the Tech-

nical Service to intervene to check the refrigerant gas.

However, over time, small leaks may develop at the joints

leading to loss of refrigerant and draining of the circuit,

causing the unit to function poorly.

In this case, the leaks of refrigerant must be identified and

repaired and the refrigerant circuit recharged.

Proceed as follows:

- Empty and dry the entire refrigerant circuit using a vacuum

pump connected to the low and high pressure tap until the

vacuometer reads about 10 Pa.

Wait a couple of minutes and check that this value does

not rise to more than 50 Pa.

- Connect the refrigerant gas cylinder or a filling cylinder to

the low pressure line pressure gauge connection.

- Charge the quantity of refrigerant indicated on the unit’s

rating plate.

- Always check the superheat and subcooling values, which

should be between 5 and 10 °C and 4 and 8 °C.

- After a couple of hours operation, check that the liquid

indicator indicates a dry circuit (dry-green).

In the event of partial leaks, the circuit must be com-

pletely emptied before being recharged.

The R-410A refrigerant must only be charged in the liq-

uid state.

Operating conditions other than rated conditions may

produce considerably different values.

Tightness testing or identification of leaks must only be

carried out using -R410A refrigerant gas, checking with a

suitable leak detector.

The refrigerant circuit must not be charged with a

refrigerant other than that indicated.

The use of a different refrigerant may cause serious

damage to the compressor.

Oxygen, acetylene or other flammable or poisonous gas-

es must never be used in the refrigerant circuit as they

may cause explosion or poisoning. Oils other than those

indicated on page 16 must not be used.

The use of a different oil may cause serious damage to

the compressor.



Terminals 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 may be

live even when the unit has been disconnected.


Regular maintenance is fundamental to maintain the effi-

ciency of the unit both in terms of operation and energy con-

sumption.

The Technical Service maintenance plan must be observed,

with an annual service which includes the following opera-

tions and checks:

- Charging the gas circuit

- Cleaning the finned coil and fans

- Efficiency of safety devices

- Power supply voltage

- Power consumption

- Tightness of electrical and gas connections

- Condition of the compressor contactor

- Verification of operating pressure, superheat and subcool-

ing

- Efficiency of the compressor heater

During the maintenance operations, the chiller inspection

panel may need to be removed.

If this is the case, proceed as follows:

- Open the door of the electrical panel.

- Undo the screws as shown in the figure

- Remove the inspection panel

To replace the inspection panel, repeat the procedure in

reverse.

DISPOSAL A

The unit must be disposed of according to the legislation in force in the country concerned.


U I ATROUBLESHOOTING AI

Power failure

Power supply voltage too low

Switch QF1 in OFF position

Remote switch (if featured) in OFF position

Control panel in standby

Main switch QS1 in OFF

Compressor circuit breaker OFF

Check presence of voltage

Check safety systems upstream of

the appliance

Check power line

Switch ON

Contactor coil faulty

HSW15 controller fault

Start-up capacitor faulty (if featured)

Compressor faulty

Reversed phases (three-phase units only)

Replace the component

Check


Check

Check

Check

Protection devices trip

and shut down the com-

pressor

Excessive discharge pressure

Low suction pressure

Low voltage

Electrical connections not sufficiently tight

Operation outside permitted limits

Faulty operation of pressure switches

Circuit breaker tripped

Check supply voltage

Check electrical insulation of wind-

ings


Insufficient capacity

Insufficient refrigerant

Unit sized too small

Operation outside recommended limits

Noise and vibrations Contact between metal bodies

RepairWeak foundations

Tighten screwsLoose screws

Compressor noisyLiquid returning to compressor

Inadequate fastening

The unit doesn’t start


24 BRAT-MC EN 02/2011

Low suction pressure

(less than 4 bars)*Thermostatic expansion valve faulty or blocked Check

Low discharge pressure

(less than 16 bars)*

Moisture in the refrigerant circuit (flow indicator -

moisture yellow)Empty and refill

Faulty operation of outside heat exchanger control

(pressure regulating valves)Check

High suction pressure

(greater than 20 bars)*

Thermostatic expansion valve faulty or excessively

openCheck

High discharge pressure

(greater than 32 bars)*

Faulty operation of outside heat exchanger control

(pressure regulating valves)Check

Excessive refrigerant charge Check

*Valori da considerarsi indicativi


Insufficient gas charge Check


A UUSEFUL INFORMATION U I A

For information on technical assistance and obtaining spare parts, contact:

CLIMAVENETA S.P.A.

AFTER SALES DEPARTMENT - RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS

Via Duca d’Aosta 121 - 31031 Mignagola di Carbonera (TV) ITALY

Tel: +39.0424.509500

Fax: +39.0424.509563

www.climaveneta.com - [email protected]

www.climaveneta.com

Climaveneta S.p.A. Via Sarson 57/c

36061 Bassano del Grappa (VI)

Italy

Tel +39 0424 509 500

Fax +39 0424 509 509

[email protected]

www.climaveneta.com

Climaveneta France 3, Village d’Entreprises

ZA de la Couronne des Prés

Avenue de la Mauldre

78680 Epône

France

Tel +33 (0)1 30 95 19 19

Fax +33 (0)1 30 95 18 18

[email protected]

www.climaveneta.fr

Climaveneta Deutschland GmbHLyrenstraße 13

44866 Bochum

Germany

Tel +49 2327-95428-0

Fax +49 2327-95428-99

[email protected]

www.climaveneta.de

Climaveneta España - Top Clima Londres 67, 1 4

08036 Barcelona

Spain

Tel +34 934 195 600

Fax +34 934 195 602

[email protected]

www.climaveneta.com

Climaveneta Chat Union

Refrig. Equipment Co Ltd88 Bai Yun Rd, Pudong Xinghuo

New dev. zone 201419 Shanghai

China

Tel 008 621 575 055 66

Fax 008 621 575 057 97

Climaveneta Polska Sp. z o.o. Ul. Sienkiewicza 13A,

05-120 Legionowo,

Poland

Tel +48 22 766 34 55-57

Fax +48 22 784 39 09

[email protected]

www.climaveneta.pl

Climaveneta Climate Technologies (P) Ltd #3487, 14th Main, HAL 2nd stage,

Indiranagar, Bangalore 560008

India

Tel:+91-80-42466900 - 949,

Fax: +91-80-25203540

[email protected]

Climaveneta UK LTD. Highlands Road,

Shirley Solihull

West Midlands B90 4NL

Tel: +44 (0)871 663 0664

Fax: +44 (0)871 663 1664

Freephone: 0800 801 819

[email protected]

www.climaveneta.co.uk

CO

D.

C0

10

01

57

8B

_0

2

BRAT-MC 0011÷0121 BRAT-MC 0071÷0121 SLkalor.com.pl/upload/Instrukcja użytkowania i...

Documents

Transcript of BRAT-MC 0011÷0121 BRAT-MC 0071÷0121 SLkalor.com.pl/upload/Instrukcja użytkowania i...