1

H15 40%

flow path

18ODOC

18O

DOC

3-4 )

2

1m DEM

(20cm

P1

500m0

Roy Sidle

500m0

K4

K

K2

K1

K6

K7

K8

K5

500m0

No (ha)

K1 1880

K2 45.3 86

K3 4.85 85

K4 1.95 85

K5 55.7 155 33-48

K6 5.65 156

K7 33.2 156 35-39

K8 0.59 156

27

30

7 19

0.5m

2m

3

2004/08/30

1 1010

100

1. 2004/9/28

2. 2004/10/8

3. 2004/12/4

4. 2005 /9/6

(mm)

1 10

10

100

1 10

10

100

1 10

10

100

1 10

10

100

1. 2004/8/1

2. 2005/9/6

1. 2005/7/27

2. 2006/8/9

1. 2004/8/4

2. 2005/7/4

3. 2006/7/17

1. 2004/9/27

2. 2004/10/8

1 1010

100

1. 2004/9/28

2. 2004/10/8

3. 2004/12/4

4. 2005 /9/6

(mm)

1 10

10

100

1 10

10

100

1 10

10

100

1 10

10

100

1 10

10

100

1 10

10

100

1 10

10

100

1. 2004/8/1

2. 2005/9/6

1. 2005/7/27

2. 2006/8/9

1. 2004/8/4

2. 2005/7/4

3. 2006/7/17

1. 2004/9/27

2. 2004/10/8

Suspended sediment, pH EC, stream temperature

Anion (PO43-, F-, Cl-, NO2

-, Br-, NO3-, SO4

2-)

Cation (Li+, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+)

Total Phosphorus, Total Nitrogen, DOC, UV-DOC

Fe, Mg, AI, Ca, Mn, Na, Si

18O, D

4205

3000 : 2000

12/4/2004

12:00

12/5/2004

0:00

12/5/2004

12:00

0

1

2

3

4

5

0

1

2

3

4

5

0

1

2

3

4

5

mm

/5 m

in

(0.5x2m)

4

0 100 200 300 400

0

10

20

30

40

50

1:0.

1

0 20 40 60 80 100

0

5

10

15

20

25

10

30

0 20 40 60 80 1000

2

4

6

8

10

1:0.

1

0 100 200 300 4000

20

40

60

80

100

1:0.1

mm

mm

0 100 200 300 400

0

10

20

30

40

50

1:0.

1

0 20 40 60 80 100

0

5

10

15

20

25

10

30

0 20 40 60 80 1000

2

4

6

8

10

1:0.

1

0 100 200 300 4000

20

40

60

80

100

1:0.1

mm

0 100 200 300 400

0

10

20

30

40

50

1:0.

1

0 100 200 300 400

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 100 200 300 4000 100 200 300 400

0

10

20

30

40

50

0

10

20

30

40

50

1:0.

1

0 20 40 60 80 100

0

5

10

15

20

25

10

30

0 20 40 60 80 1000 20 40 60 80 100

0

5

10

15

20

25

0

5

10

15

20

25

10

30

10

30

0 20 40 60 80 1000

2

4

6

8

10

0 20 40 60 80 1000

2

4

6

8

10

0 20 40 60 80 1000 20 40 60 80 1000

2

4

6

8

10

0

2

4

6

8

10

1:0.

1

0 100 200 300 4000

20

40

60

80

100

1:0.1

0 100 200 300 4000

20

40

60

80

100

0 100 200 300 4000 100 200 300 4000

20

40

60

80

100

0

20

40

60

80

100

1:0.1

mm

mm

(0.5x2m)

mg/l

0.1

1

10

100

1000

0 100 200 300 4000 100 200 300 4000

20

40

60

0 100 200 300 400

1:0.1

1:0.1

1:0.1

25m 8m) 2m

0.5m)

1.5

Total Rain: 21.2 mm

05/5/23

14:00

05/5/23

18:00

05/5/23

22:00

0

2

4

6

8

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

Total Rain:35.8mm

05/8/12

18:00

02468

10121416

05/8/12

12:00

05/8/12

14:00

05/8/12

16:00

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

04/08/30

12:00

04/08/31

0:00

04/08/31

12:00

04/09/01

0:00

0.000

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.00

5

Total Rain:40.8 mm

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

04/6/30

03:00

04/6/30

05:00

04/6/30

07:00

04/6/30

09:00

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0

2

4

6

8

10

0

10

20

30

40

0

10

20

30

40

0

10

20

30

40

0

10

20

30

40

05/9/30:00

05/9/50:00

05/9/70:00

05/9/90:00

0

10

20

30

40

(mm

/hour)

Rain

fall

(mm

/hour)

(mm

/hour)

Rain

fall

(mm

/hour)

5

Box Plot

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

-16

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

-18

-16

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-18

-16

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

2004/06/01 2004/12/01 2005/06/01 2005/12/01

-16

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

2004/06/01 2004/12/01 2005/06/01 2005/12/01

‰

-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2

18O ‰

‰

(n=3)

(n=6)

(n=20)

(n= )

(n=48)

(n=30)

(n=48)

(n= )

(n= )

(n=26)

2004 7 30

mm

/30

)

2004/07/30

12:00

2004/07/31

0:00

2004/07/31

12:00

2004/08/01

0:00

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0

2

4

6

8

10

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0

10

20

30

0

2

4

6

8

10

0

2

4

6

8

10

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

14.0

34.5

41.1

32

235

05/9/30:00

05/9/50:00

05/9/70:00

05/9/90:00

0

10

20

30

40

0

5

10

15

0

5

10

15

0

10

20

30

40

(K7: 33.2ha)

(K2: 45.3ha)

(m

m/h

ou

r)

(mm/hour)

6

N4 (4.7 ha)

N6 (1.8 ha)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

K7 (33.2ha)

K2 (45.3 ha)

A3 (3.0 ha)

K4 (3.5 ha) 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

20050819-20

Normalized volume (solid line)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

mm

7

20mm/h(mm/h)

25

20

15

10

5

00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

(mm/h)

25

20

15

10

5

00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

(mm/h)

25

20

15

10

5

00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

(mm/h)

25

20

15

10

5

00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

(11m)

(3m)

13 mm/h

5 mm/h

3 mm/h

(Dekker & Ritsme, 2000)

Critical Surface Tension Willis and Horne, 1992

5

Ethanol concentration (%)

0 10 20 30 40

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

noneslight

moderatestrong

very strong extreme

Severity rating of water repellency

Water content (cm3/cm3)

0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20

De

pth

(cm

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

8

6/4-6/28

Cs-137 30.2

1950 1960

Pb-210ex 22

Pb-210

Cs-137

20cm

50 150

0 0 0

250

210Pb

ex

137

Cs

101000 0 0

Concentration (Bq kg )-1

Cs-137

Pb

-21

0ex

0

100

200

300

400

4-Ju

n

14-J

un

24-J

un4-

Jul

14-J

ul

24-J

ul

3-Au

g

13-A

ug

23-A

ug

2-Se

p

12-S

ep

22-S

ep

2-O

ct

12-O

ct

22-O

ct

1-No

v

(mm

/day

)

7

3

500 km

TokyoOsak

a

10 km

Kochi Pref.Kochi Pref.

(19)

(7)

(10)

2004

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 50 100 150

Pb

-2

10

ex

(B

q/k

g)

aA+ bB= (1)

a + b = 1 (2)

A;

B:

a: 0 < a < 1

b; 0 < b< 1

Cs-137, Pb-210ex source

9

54%

45% 44%49%

28%

46% 47%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

6/4 6/27 6/27 7/7 7/7 8/4 8/4 8/28 8/28 9/1 9/1 9/8 9/8 11/2

2004/8/30

0

80

160

240

320

400

6/21

/08:

00

6/21

/09:

00

6/21

/10:

00

6/21

/11:

00

6/21

/12:

00

6/21

/13:

00

6/21

/14:

00

6/21

/15:

00

6/21

/16:

00

6/21

/17:

00

6/21

/18:

00

6/21

/19:

00

6/21

/20:

00

TP

PP

(g

/L)

0

3

6

9

12

15

PPDP-P

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

TN

PN

(g

/L)

Dis

ch

arg

e (

m3/L

)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Disso

lve

d-N

(g

/L)

TN

PN

discharge

NO3-N

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Disso

lve

d-P

(g

/L)

2004/6/21

Cs-137, Pb-210ex

40-50%

h = 0

x x+ x

i

Q

x = 0

h

TOPOTUBEx

Ae

ContourLine

Modeling

element

Distributed Shallow

Groundwater Flow Model2

(DSGM2)

TOPOTUBE

Saturated store

Unsaturated store

Rainfall

Rainfall

Returnflow

Matrix

flow

Matrixflow

Horton

ian ov

erland

flow

Saturationoverland flow

Infiltrationexcess

10

2004/7/30)

: 195.2mm

1 : 32.6mm

: 1

: 10%

2m contour TOPOTUBE

500mm/h

1m

:30mm/h

130mm/h

130mm/h)

0

10

20

30

04/07/30

12:00

04/07/31

0:00

04/07/31

12:00

04/08/01

0:00

0

5

10

(mm)

(mm)

04/07/30

12:00

04/07/31

0:00

04/07/31

12:00

04/08/01

0:00

0

5

10

15

20

0

10

20

30

30mm/h

0

10

20

30

04/07/30

12:00

04/07/31

0:00

04/07/31

12:00

04/08/01

0:00

0

5

10

(130mm/h)

(30mm/h)

30mm/h 130mm/h

DSGM2

DSGM2

11

High infiltration rate High infiltration rate Low infiltration rate

356mm/h 360mm/h 31mm/h

300g

1000g

1kg/m2

1kg/m2

62

51

1.2mDIF)

314 670 ha

816 1750 ha

12

DBH

DBH

Nmax

G

N

DBH

DBH

DBH

Nmax

G

NDBHDBHDBH

DBHDBH

Nmax

GGGG

NNNN

DBHDBH

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