ARCH402 Studio White Mesa, NM
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This is a collaborative site analysis in which the goal was to find a design solution to reconnect a ridge line that was destroyed due to a gas line installation. Myself and another student analyzed, designed and published the geology section.
Transcript of ARCH402 Studio White Mesa, NM
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F L O R A + F A U N A
C L I M A T E
G E O G R A P H Y
H I S T O R Y + C U L T U R E
G E O L O G Y
A N I M A L (an-‐i-‐mal)
Any member of the kingdom Animalia, comprising multicellular organisms that have a well-‐defined shape and usually limited growth, can move voluntarily, actively acquire food and digest it internally, and have sensory and nervous systems that allow them to respond rapidly to stimuli: some classification schemes also include protozoa and certain other single-‐celled eukaryotes that have motility and animallike nutritional modes.
noun
B I R D (bird)
Any of the warm-‐blooded, beaked vertebrates of the class Aves, including more than 9,600 living species. A covering of feathers distinguishes birds from all other animals. Birds have a four-‐chambered heart (like mammals), forelimbs modified into wings, and keen vision, and their eggs have calcium-‐rich eggshells. Flying birds have evolved skeletons in which part of the bone is replaced by air spaces, an adaptation for reducing weight.
noun
P L A N T (plant)
Any organism in the kingdom Plantae, consisting of multicellular, eukaryotic life forms (see eukaryote) with six fundamental characteristics: photosynthesis as the almost exclusive mode of nutrition, essentially unlimited growth at meristems, cells that contain cellulose in their walls and are therefore somewhat rigid, the absence of organs of movement, the absence of sensory and nervous systems, and life histories that show alternation of generations.
noun
D I N O S A U R (di-‐no-‐saur)
Any of the extinct reptiles that were the dominant land animals during most of the Mesozoic Era (251–65 million years ago). The various species appeared at different times, and not all overlapped. The shape of the teeth reveal whether a given dinosaur was a carnivore or an herbivore. Dinosaurs are classified as either ornithischians or saurischians, based on pelvic girdle structure.
noun
F O S S I L (fos-‐sil)
Remnant, impression, or trace of an animal or plant of a past geologic age that has been preserved in the Earth's crust. The data recorded in fossils, known as the fossil record, constitute the primary source of information about the history of life on the Earth. Only a small fraction of ancient organisms are preserved as fossils, and usually only organisms that have a solid skeleton or shell.
noun
A N I M A L A N D P L A N T S P E C I E S
e n d a n g e r e d s p e c i e s
L A N D C O V E R M A P
SIT
E
great basin lowland/swale grassland
short grass steppe
great basin broad leaf deciduous desert scrub
great basin foothill-‐piedmont grassland
great basin microphyllous desert scrub
chihuahuan foothill-‐piedmont desert grassland
MOUNTAIN LION(Cougar, Panther, Puma, Catamount)
Location: Western United States Size: (Largest wildcat in North America) Weight: up to165 pounds Length: 8 ft in length Diet: Deer, elk, porcupines, small mammals, livestock, petsLifespan: 15 – 25 years
ELK
Location: Northwestern United StatesSize: Weight: 1,000 pounds Length: 9 feetDiet: grass, forbs, sedges, shrubs, needles, twigs, bark Lifespan: 12 years
MULE DEER
Location: Western United StatesSize: Weight: 130 – 280 pounds Length: 4.5 – 7 feetDiet: forbs, leaves, twigs, shrubsLifespan: 9-‐11 years
PRONGHORN ANTELOPE
Location: Western United StatesSize: Weight: 90 – 150 pounds Length: 4.5 feetDiet: Forbs, shrubs, sagebrush, grasses, and cacti.Lifespan: 10 – 12 years
COYOTE
Location: North AmericaSize: Weight: 15 – 25 pounds Length: 4 feetDiet: Cactus fruit, mesquite beans, flowers, insects, rodents, lizards, rabbits, birds, and snakesLifespan: 10 – 14 years
M A M M A L (mam-‐mal)
noun
Any of a class (Mammalia) of warm-‐blooded higher vertebrates (as placentals, marsupials, or monotremes) that nourish their young with milk secreted by mammary glands, have the skin usually more or less covered with hair, and include humans. The earliest mammals date from the late Triassic Period (which ended 206 million years ago); their immediate ancestors were the reptilian therapsids.
DESERT COTTON TAIL
Location: Western United StatesSize: Weight: 2 – 3 pounds Length: 14 – 19 inchesDiet: grasses, cacti, bark, twigs, mesquiteLifespan: 2 years
BLACK TAILED JACK RABBIT
Location: Western United StatesSize: Weight: 11 pounds Length: 24 inchesDiet: cactus, sagebrush, mesquite, grasses, crop plantsLifespan: 1 – 5 years
BANNER-‐TAILED KANGAROO RAT
Location: Western United StatesSize: Weight: 1 -‐ 6 ounces Length: 6 – 12 inchesDiet: seeds, grassesLifespan: 12 years
GUNNISON’S PRAIRIE DOG
Location: Southwestern United StatesSize: Weight: 2 – 4 pounds Length: 12 – 15 inchesDiet: grasses, herbs, leavesLifespan: 4 years
BLACK TAILED PRAIRIE DOG
Location: Western United StatesSize: Weight: 1 – 3 pounds Length: 12 – 15 inchesDiet: grasses, sedges, forbs, roots, seeds, insectsLifespan: 3 – 5 years
WESTERN RATTLESNAKE
Location: Southwestern United StatesSize: Length: 3 – 5 feetDiet: Mice, rats, rabbits, gophers, ground dwelling birds, lizards, other small animals.Lifespan: 15 – 20 years
ROUNDTAIL HORNED LIZARD
Location: Southwestern United StatesSize: Length: 3 – 4 inchesDiet: insects
BULL SNAKE
Location: United StatesSize: (largest species of snake in U.S) Weight: 8 pounds Length: 8 feet Diet: rodents, birds, eggs, lizardsLifespan: 20 years
TEXAS HORNED LIZARD
Location: Southwestern United StatesSize: Length: 3 – 6 inchesDiet: ants, grasshoppers
R E P T I L E (rep-‐tile)
Any of a class (Reptilia) of air-‐breathing vertebrates that include the alligators and crocodiles, lizards, snakes, turtles, and extinct related forms (as dinosaurs and pterosaurs) and are characterized by a completely ossified skeleton with a single occipital condyle, a distinct quadrate bone usually immovably articulated with the skull, ribs attached to the sternum, and a body usually covered with scales or bony plates.
WHIPTAIL LIZARD
Location: Southwest United StatesSize: Weight: Length: 3 – 6 inchesDiet: small terrestrial invertebrates
SEISMOSAURUS
Time Period: Jurassic 201-‐145 million years agoLocation: White Mesa Morrison FormationDiscovery: 1979Excavation: 1985Size: Longest skeleton ever disocvered
S E I S M O S A U R U S (diplodocidae)
noun
A giant, herbivorous, or plant-‐eating, dinosaur, Seismosaurus inhab-‐ited western North America during the late Jurassic period, approxi-‐mately 159 to 144 million years ago. It belongs to the order Saurischia—the lizard-‐hipped dinosaurs—and the suborder Sauropoda. It is a member of the family Diplodocidae.
P E T R I F I E D W O O D(Greek root: petro meaning "rock" or "stone") noun
Fossil formed by the infiltration of minerals into cavities between and within cells of natural wood, usually by silica (silicon dioxide, SiO) or calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO). Often this replacement of organic tissue by mineral deposits is so precise that the internal structure as well as the external shape is faithfully represented; sometimes even the cell structure may be determined.
PETRIFIED WOOD
Time Period: Jurassic 201-‐145 million years agoLocation: White Mesa Morrison FormationSize: Ranges from flakes to trucks Length: 50 feet Base: 6 feet
BURROWOING OWL
Habitat: GrasslandDiet: Insects, scorpions, small mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles.Nesting: Nests in burrowsBehavior: Catches food with feet. Hunts by walking, hopping, or running along the ground, or by flying from perch.
FERRUGINOUS HAWK
Habitat: GrasslandDiet: Rabbits, ground squirrels, and prairie dogsNesting: TreesBehavior: SoaringSize: 22-‐27.2 in. longConsidered threatened in several states
GOLDEN EAGLEHabitat: GrasslandDiet: small to medium size mammals, including larger preyNesting: build their nests on cliffs averaging 5-‐6 feet wide and 2 feet deep.Behavior: astonishing speedSize: 27.6-‐33.1 in. long
PRARRIE FALCON
Habitat: Grassland, deserts and open areasDiet: Ground squirrels, birds, rodents, lizards and insectsNesting: On overhanging south-‐facing cliffs up to 500 feet highBehavior: Forage by swooping lowSize: 14-‐18.5 in. long
COMMON RAVEN
Habitat: Mountains,desertsDiet: Small mammals, baby tortoises, eggs, fish, grains and berriesNesting: Cliffs, trees and tall places Behavior: On the ground ravens walk confidently, sometimes with a swagger, sometimes sidlingSize: 22-‐27 in long
TURKEY VULTURE
Habitat: Open woodland or landfillsDiet: Carrion, mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians and fishNesting: On rock crevices and cavesBehavior: Distinctively slow flight styleSize: 25-‐32 in. long
B I R D O F P R E Y
Any member of the order Falconiformes (eagles, falcons, hawks, and vultures) or Strigiformes (owls). Falconiforms are also called raptors. All birds of prey have a hook-‐tipped beak and sharp curved claws called talons. A carnivorous bird that feeds wholly or chiefly on meat taken by hunting or on carrion. These birds hunt for food primarily via flight, using their keen senses, especially vision.
BENDRIE'S THRASHER
Breed in NMLarge, long-‐tailed songbirdDull grayish brown all overLong, slightly down-‐curved billFaint spots on chest and belly
BLACK-‐CHINNED SPARROW
Prefers desert, dense sagebrush; in the far westDiet: dry chaparral with a variety of shrubs and scrub oakSize: Length: 5-‐5 1/2"
CASSIN SPARROW
Habitat: GrasslandDiet: InsectsNesting: GroundBehavior: Ground ForagerSize: 5.1-‐5.9 in. long
BREWERS SPARROW
Vulnerable in NMGlobal Population: 16 millionWhite eye ringSlim, forked tailSize: Length: 4.5”
GRAY VIREO
Habitat: Found in desert scrubDiet: Arthropods, some fruitsNesting: ShrubsBehavior: Gleans from leaves, twigs, branchesSize: 5-‐4.9 in. long
LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE
Habitat: Open woodlandDiet: Insects, amphibians, small reptiles, small mammals and birdsNesting: TreesBehavior: Kills by biting prey in back of neck, cutting the spinal cord.Size: 7.9-‐9.1 in. long
S E E D E A T E R + S O F T -‐ B I L L
SEEDEATERAny songbird that lives chiefly on seeds and typically has a more or less strong conical bill for crushing them. In this sense, the term includes the sparrows, buntings, finches, grosbeaks, canaries, weavers, and waxbills.
SOFT-‐BILLAny of numerous birds with rather fragile weak bills suitable for consuming insects and other small animals as food.
G R A S S (grass) noun
Any of a large family (Gramineae syn. Poaceae) of monocotyledonous mostly herbaceous plants with jointed stems, slender sheathing leaves, and flowers borne in spikelets of bracts. Include many low, green, nonwoody plants that make up the families Poaceae (formerly Gramineae), Cyperaceae (sedges), and Juncaceae (rushes).
BLUE GRAMA
Blooms: July to August Good quality summer grazing for all classes of livestock and wildlifeSoil: stony, cobbly, gravelly, sandy, fine soilSize: 6-‐20” tall
ALKALI SACATON
NativeReproduction by seedStarts growth early mid-‐springBlooms: June until frostSoil: sandy soils of desert foothills and dry and gravelly slopesGreat for erosion controlSize: 1.5 to 3’ tall
CRESTED WHEATGRASS
Starts growth in early springBlooms in late springSoil: well drained, loamy soilsGood forage for all classes of livestock and fair for wildlifeSize: 1 to 3’ tall
BLUESTEM
Drought tolerantFlowers: tanEaten by songbirds and upland gamebirdsSoil: well-‐drained, medium to dry, infertile soilSize: 1.5 to 3’ tall
CHEAT GRASS
Season: coolSoil: all kinds except extremely wetSize: 8-‐25” tall
NEEDLE AND THREAD
NativeDrought tolerantSeed reproductionSoil: drained sands to fine sandy loams to coarse gravelly loam soilsPrevents wind erosion on sandy soils Size: 1-‐4’ tallForage for elk in winter and spring
MESA DROPSEED
NativeDrought tolerantSeason: warmBloom: Sep. to Nov.Wonderful forage for cattle Soil: well-‐drained sand, sandy loams and gravelly soilsSize: 12-‐40” tall
SQUIRRELTAIL
Season: coolSoil: all kinds except extremely wetSize: 8-‐25” tall
PRICKLYPEAR
Pollinated by insectsBlooms: March through MayFlower: yellow and red at the baseRedish fruit (tunas)Nopalitos can be eaten as vegetablesSoil: sandy, gravelly and rocky soil
SPINYSTAR
NativeAttracts: hummingbirds, songbirds, sonorans, butterfliesEatable fruit (birds and human)Propagation: seedSoil: dry decomposed granite, sand, limestone, low organic contentSize: 1’ tall
GRAMA GRASS CACTUS
PerennialBloom: April and MaySoil: fine, sandy clay loams and red sandy soils
WOLLY PLANTAIN
NativeAnnualBlooms: winter (late), spring, summerSoil: Desert, uplandSize: 8 in. tall
KNIGHTS MILKVETCH
Destination: NM, Sandoval County, Mesa PrietaPerennial herbBlooms: May to early JuneSoil: Dakota formation sandstone and grassland, rimrock ledges
C A C T U S (cac-‐tus)noun
Any of the flowering plants that make up the family Cactaceae, containing about 1,650 species, native through most of North and South America, with the greatest number and variety in Mexico. Cacti are succulent perennials. Most live in and are well adapted to dry regions (such as deserts). Cacti generally have thick herba-‐ceous or woody stems containing chlorophyll. Leaves usually are absent or greatly reduced, minimizing the surface area from which water can be lost; the stem is the site of photosynthesis.
H E R B (herb)
noun
A seed-‐producing annual, biennial, or perennial that does not develop persistent woody tissue but dies down at the end of a growing season
ANNUAL OWNSEND DAISY
Native to NM, Colorado, Arizona, Texas, Utah Bloom Aprin, May and JuneWhite, pink, purple
TOWNSENDS ASTER
Native to New MexicoNM Sandoval County (30 Kilometers North from White Mesa)Soil: GypsumSize: 2-‐10 cm tall
HOARY TANSYASTER
Blooms late spring, summer, fallPurple, white(rare)Size: Up to 4’ tall
EVENING-‐PRIMROSE
Drought tolerantBloom: late spring and summer, early fallYellow or pinkFragrantAttracts butterfliesSize: 6-‐36 in. tall
TANSYMUSTARD
Native to the USBlooms February through MayFlowers from yellow to whitishSize: 2’ tallSoil: dry, sandy soils in arid areas
SCARLET GLOBE MALLOW
NativeGrought tolerantBlooms April to AugustDeep orange or brick red to pinkishFruit: schizocarpEaten by most species of ehrbivoresSoil: dry grassland prairiesSize: 2.5 in. tall
SILVERLEAF NIGHTSAHDE
Blooms May through SeptemberDeep violet to light blueReproduces through seed and rootsSize: 1 to 3 ft. height
Any of the more than 250,000 species of angiosperms (division Magnoliophyta) having roots, stems, leaves, and well-‐developed conductive tissues (xylem and phloem). The division is composed of two classes: monocots and dicots. Monocots have flower parts in threes, scattered conducting strands in the stem, and usually promi-‐nent parallel veins in the leaves, and they lack a cambium. Dicots have flower parts in fours or fives, conducting strands arranged in a cylinder, a net-‐veined pattern in the leaves, and a cambium.
F L O W E R I N G P L A N T S
ONE SEED JUNIPER
NativeBloom: fall and winterSoil: dry mesas, hillsides, among pinyonsSize: less than 25’ tall
T R E E (tree)noun
A woody perennial plant having a single usually elongate main stem generally with few or no branches on its lower part. Most trees have a single self-‐supporting trunk containing woody tissues, and in most species the trunk produces secondary limbs called branches. Trees take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosyn-‐thesis. Their root systems help retain water and soil, preventing floods and erosion.
FOURWING SALTBRUSH
Dominates plants in the mesaSeed ReproductionDrought tolerantSoil: well-‐drained, sandy to rocky soils, it also occurs on denser, clayey soils
BIGELOW SAGE
Blooms: August, September, October, NovemberYellow disk flowersPollinated by windFruites: achenesSize: 7.9” to 3.3’ tall
WINTERFAT
Native to USSeed reproductionHigh drought tolerant Size: 3’ heightSoil type: dry clayey soil, alkaline flat. Sandy areas
RUBBER RABBITBRUSH
Native NatiFruit is an scheneBloom: Yellow green flowerSomewhat dry toletantSize: 12-‐90 in. tallSoil: dry sandy, gravelly or heavy clay
SHADSCALE SALTBUSH
Native to the USBlooms during early summer Slow ability to spread through seed productionHigh drought tolerance Size: 3’ height
S H R U B (shrub)
noun
Any woody plant that has several stems, none of which is dominant, and is usually less than 10 ft (3 m) tall. When much-‐branched and dense, it may be called a bush. Intermediate between shrubs and trees are arborescences, or treelike shrubs (10–20 ft, or 3–6 m, tall).
