5 Kapra Jung

8/11/2019 5 Kapra Jung

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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009

KAPRAEMTECH


KAPRAEMTECH

RF & Microwave Tubes

Chung, Bo-Hyun

EMTech Co., Ltd.

Electro Magnetic Technology

(High Power Klystron)

Korea Accelerator & Plasma Research AssociationPhysico-Technology Laboratory


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KAPRAEMTECH


KAPRAEMTECH

Contents

Microwave tubes- RF & Microwave

- Design Parameters- Comparison of Tubes

Klystron- Definition

- Principle of Operation & System Configuration

Applications

KAPRA Klystron

Infra structure


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KAPRAEMTECH


KAPRAEMTECH

RF & Microwave

http://www.lightsources.org/cms/?pid=1000166#sect ion5


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KAPRAEMTECH


KAPRAEMTECH

RF & Microwave


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KAPRAEMTECH


KAPRAEMTECH

RF & Microwave

Skin Effect

Coaxial Lines and Waveguides

Modes

- Transverse Magnetic- Transverse Electric

Transmission-Line Effects- Smith Chart- Impedance Matching

Resonant Cavities

(x, y, z) = (azimuth, radial, axis)

0 = No Field change


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KAPRAEMTECH


KAPRAEMTECH

Vacuum

http://www.lightsources.org/cms/?pid=1000166#section5

Unit (Torr, mbar,)

Gas Density andMean Free Path Length

Pumping Techniques

Vacuum MeasuringTechniques (Gauge)

Microwave Tube Materials

Fabrication Techniques

RV

Operating PressurePumps

Gauge Operating Pressure

MV HV UHV

Pressure[Torr]

Use Oil

Use Oil

Vapor

He, Ar

Remarks

Abs. Prss.

Abs. Prss.

Remarks

Oxidation

Oxidation

Partial Prss.


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KAPRAEMTECH

Magnetic Focusing

Electromagnets

Solenoids

Permanent Magnets

DiamagnetismParamagnetism

Ferromagnetism


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KAPRAEMTECH

Cathode

Thermionic EmissionSchottky Effect

Field Emission

Space-Charge Effect

Thermionic CathodesDispenser Cathodes

Surface Physics

Secondary Emission


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KAPRAEMTECH

Power/Frequency Performances of State-of-the-Art Microwave Tubes

Referred to TED(THALES Electron Devices)

RF & Microwave Tubes


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KAPRAEMTECH


KAPRAEMTECH

AM RADIO SHORTWAVE RADIO ACCELERATORS

Arc Transmitters Triodes, Tetrodes RADARFew Tubes COMMUNICATIONS

UHF TELEVISION

FUSION

Klystron Oscillators

Magnetrons

Power Klystrons

TWTs

Gyrotrons

1920 1940 2000

RF sources and applications in the 20th century


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KAPRAEMTECH

Linear Beam Tubes


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KAPRAEMTECH

The Tree of Crossed-Field Tubes

Crossed-Field Tubes

Distributed-Emission Tubes Injected-Beam Tubes

Magnetron Crossed-Field Amp. Voltage-Tunable Magnetron

MBWO Carcinotron


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KAPRAEMTECH

Crossed-Field vs. Linear Beam

B

E

Electron Beam : E BX

Crossed-Field

Linear Beam (O-type)

E Electron Beam

B

Cf) M-type :Tubes for propagation

of waves in a magnetic field


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KAPRAEMTECH

Fast-Wave Electron Tubes

Fast wave tubes

Ubitron(the related free-electron laser)

Peniotron Gyrotron

Gyro

monotron

Gyro

TWT

Gyro

Klystron

Gyro

magnetron

Gyro

Twystron


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KAPRAEMTECH

SourceMagnetron Klystron Amp. TWT Gyrotron

physical variable

Frequency range CW 1.5~25 0.5~40 3~40 30~300

(GHz) Pulse 1.5~25 0.5~50 3~40 30~300

Power level CW 0.005 @ 3 1 @ 3 0.006 @ 3 0.2 @ 30

(MW@GHz) Pulse 4 @ 3 80 @ 3 0.5 @ 3 1 @ 30

Phase stabilityCW Good Excellent Good Poor

Pulse Poor Excellent Good Poor

Amplitude stabilityCW Good Excellent Good Fair

Pulse Poor Excellent Good Fair

Noise levelCW Good Excellent Good Poor

Pulse Poor Excellent Good Poor

Major Application

CW Industrial Appl. Space Tele Communication Plasma Heating

Pulseshort Radar ptl. Accelerator Radar Radar

long Plasma Heating Plasma Heating Radar Plasma Heating

Tube structure Simple Complex Medium Complex

Comparison of Microwave Source Characters


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KAPRAEMTECH

Klystron

klystron is a kind of linear-beam vacuum tube and used as an amplifier of RF waves. When anaccelerated electron beam is modulated by RF signals, bunches of electrons repeating cohesion

and dispersion in electron density occurs at the input frequency. During this process, input signal

is amplified by converting the kinetic energy of electron beam into RF power.

The word klystron is a compound word of Greek word klyzomeaning wave and suffix

tronreffering to an elementary particle.


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KAPRAEMTECH

Klystron

Heater

P/SIntermediate CavityInput Cavity Output Cavity

Electromagnet

Collector

Cathode

Insulator

Cathode

Electron Beam

Heater

P/SIntermediate CavityInput Cavity Output Cavity

Electromagnet

Collector

Cathode

Insulator

Cathode

Electron Beam

Bunching Process (Current Modulation)

Repeating process : Acceleration -> No Energy Change -> Deceleration


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KAPRAEMTECH

Klystron System

1. Electron Gun

2. RF Structure

3. Focusing Magnet

4. Collector

Oil Tank

Heater P/S

RF Input

RF Output

Magnet P/S

Magnet Cooling

Radiation Shielding

Anode P/S

Energy

Recover

System

Cooling System

1. Electron Gun

2. RF Structure

3. Focusing Magnet

4. Collector

Oil Tank

Heater P/S

RF Input

RF Output

Magnet P/S

Magnet Cooling

Radiation Shielding

Anode P/S

Energy

Recover

System

Cooling System


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KAPRAEMTECH

Klystron Process

Cathode Assy.

Cathode Base Assy.

Ceramic Seal Assy.

Housing Assy.

Pumping Assy.

Input Section Assy.

RF Gain Section Assy.

Output Section Assy.

Magnet Assy.

Magnet Surpport Assy.

Pole Plate Assy.

Main Collector Assy.

Overall Design

Detail Design

Component Drawing

Component Machining

Subassemblies

Klystron Assy.

Klystron Ability Test

Poisson/ Superfish Code

Egun Code

FCI Code

1st Cathode Firing

2nd Cathode Firing

Brazing & TIG Welding

Soft Baking

Cathode Assy.

Cathode Base Assy.

Ceramic Seal Assy.

Housing Assy.

Pumping Assy.

Input Section Assy.

RF Gain Section Assy.

Output Section Assy.

Magnet Assy.

Magnet Surpport Assy.

Pole Plate Assy.

Main Collector Assy.

Overall Design

Detail Design

Component Drawing

Component Machining

Subassemblies

Klystron Assy.

Klystron Ability Test

Poisson/ Superfish Code

Egun Code

FCI Code

1st Cathode Firing

2nd Cathode Firing

Brazing & TIG Welding

Soft Baking


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KAPRAEMTECH


KAPRAEMTECH

Typhoon AnnihilationTyphoon AnnihilationTyphoon AnnihilationTyphoon AnnihilationHigh Power AntennaHigh Power AntennaHigh Power AntennaHigh Power Antenna

RadarRadarRadarRadarAircraft Radio TransmissionAircraft Radio TransmissionAircraft Radio TransmissionAircraft Radio TransmissionParticle AcceleratorParticle AcceleratorParticle AcceleratorParticle Accelerator

ApplicationsApplications


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KAPRAEMTECH

Parameters of Klystron Amplifier

Introduction

Operating Frequency (MHz) 700

Output RF Power (kW) 1,000 (CW)

Anode Voltage (kV) 95

Modulating Anode Voltage (kV) 51Beam Current (A) 16.6

Efficiency (%) ~ 60

Power Gain (dB) 43 (minimum)

Focusing Field (Gauss) ~250

Bandwidth (MHz) +/- 1.5 (-1 dB)Number of Cavities 6


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Gun

Magnet

Collector

Output

Circuit

Window

RF Structure

1 m

Overall Layout


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700MHz, 1MW & CW Klystron


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KAPRAEMTECH

Baking FurnaceBaking Furnace

Power SupplyPower Supply


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KAPRAEMTECH

1st Cooling

Di-water: MEG = 5:5Baking

Furnace

Heat

Exchanger

Cooling

Tower

distributor

PumpFilterPump

Filter

Tank

2nd Cooling

water: MEG = 5:5

MEG: MonoEthyleneGlycolCooling Capacity

500,000kcal/Hr (125RT)

Baking Furnace Cooling SystemBaking Furnace Cooling System


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KAPRAEMTECH

Infra structure (Tool & System)Infra structure (Tool & System)

Pinch off tool (Cold welder)Klystron Pumping SystemGun firing System

Quartz Bell-jar

TMP

TMP

Cryo pump

Ion Pump

Tee

Residual Gas Analyzer

Data Acquisition system


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KAPRAEMTECH

Infra structure (Test Machine)Infra structure (Test Machine)

Surface roughness

He leak detect station

Vacuum test station

Tuning test (Network Analyzer)


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KAPRAEMTECH

Infra structure (Measuring Devices)Infra structure (Measuring Devices)

Network Analyzer

RF AMP

RF Power meter

RF Generator

Pyro-meter

RF matching box

(-50~1000) (600~3000)


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KAPRAEMTECH

Infra structure (Subsidiary Facilities)Infra structure (Subsidiary Facilities)

Monitoring system

Chiller

3RT 15RT

UPSClean Booth (Class: 10,000)

RF Power Dummy


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KAPRAEMTECH

1MW Generator1MW Generator


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Q & AQ & AThank you For your attentionThank you For your attention

EMTECHEMTECH 2009.05.2009.05.

PTL / KAPRA

5 Kapra Jung

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