35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2...

66
- 35 - 2

Transcript of 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2...

Page 1: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 35 -

� 2 ��

� � � �

Page 2: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2
Page 3: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 37 -

� 2.1 �

� � �

2.1.1

2.1.1.1 ( ) ( )

( )

2.1.1.2 (a)

(b)

(c) (a) (b)

2.1.2

2.1.2.1

(a) 1.1 (

)

(b) 1.2

(c) 1.3

( )

( )

(d) 1.4

(e) 1.5

Page 4: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 38 -

(f) 1.6

2.1.2.2

2 8,

2.1.1

a 1.1

1.6

1.1 1.6

2(

12 ) b

2

3(

13 )

3(c)(

13.6.1 )

a /

b

1 1.1 1.6

A S, (

2.1 )

2( ) ( )

3

2.1.3

( 1.4 ) 2

3

Page 5: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 39 -

2.1.2

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

1.4

a

1.5

a

1.6

a

a ( )

2.1.4

2.1.4.1

( 1) ( 2 4)

( 5 7)

(ANE) ( 2.1.3 ) ( 2.1.4

) 8 ( 2.1.1 2.1.4)

Page 6: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 40 -

2.1.1 ( 1 )

A B C D E F

G H J K L N S

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

1.6

Page 7: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 41 -

2.1.2 ( 1 )

* 2

//

1

2

4

3

/

( 2.1.3)

/

/

(ANE) ?

/

/

?

/

?

8

2.1.4

/

,

?/

?

/

?

Page 8: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 42 -

2.1.3 ( 1 )

/( 2.1.2)

1.5 1.11.21.31.6 1.4 S

7

1.6 /

1.5

5

/

/ 6

?

/

?

?

/

1.4 S

Page 9: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 43 -

2.1.4

2.1.4.2

2.1.4.2.1

(

10.3 )

800 / 1 (a) 2

(a)

8

/

(ANE)

;( 2.1.3

2.1.4 )

2.1.2, 1

/

/ 1.5 ,

5, 2.1.3

8 (a)

/ ?

8 (b) ANE /

?

8 (c)

/

?

Page 10: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 44 -

2.1.4.2.2

(a)

6 A6.1

(b) -200

CxHyOz + [x + (y/4)-(z/2)]. O2 → x. CO2 + (y/2). H2O

= -1600.[2.x +(y/2) -z]/

(c) 500 /

500ºC (

500ºC 500 /

)

(d)

1 2 15%

3 30%

2.1.4.2.3

Page 11: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 45 -

� 2.2 �

����

2.2.1

20 °C 101.3kPa

2.2.2

2.2.1

1 20 °C 101.3kPa

(a) 13%

(b) 12

2 20 °C 101.3kPa 1

1

2 2.3

2.2.3

( 1.4 ) 2

3

2.2.2

1 2

Page 12: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 46 -

2.2.4

2.2.4.1

2.2

20 °C 101.3kPa

20 °C 101.3kPa

(a)

13%

(b)

12

1

2

Page 13: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 47 -

2.2.4.2

( ISO 10156 1996

)

2.2.5 ISO 10156 1996,

�n

i ciT

V %i

Vi % =

Tci =

i =

n = n

Ki =

(Ki)

�n

i ciT

V %i> 1

2% (H2) + 6%(CH4) + 27%(Ar) + 65%(He)

1. (Ki)

Ki (Ar) = 0.5

Ki (He) = 0.5

2. Ki

2%(H2) + 6%(CH4) + [27% 0.5 + 65% 0.5](N2) = 2%(H2) + 6%(CH4) + 46%(N2) = 54%

Page 14: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 48 -

3. 100%

54

100 × [2%(H2) + 6%(CH4) + 46%(N2)] = 3.7%(H2) + 11.1%(CH4) + 85.2%(N2)

4. Tci

Tci H2 = 5.7%

Tci CH4 = 14.3%

5.

�n

i ciT

V %i =

7.5

7.3 +

3.14

1.11 = 1.42

1.42 > 1,

Page 15: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 49 -

� 2.3 �

�����

2.3.1

2.3.2

2.3.2.1

( 2.6 )

( 2.2 )

( 2.7 ).

2.3.2.2 (

) ( )

2.3.4.1

2.3.3

( 1.4 ) 2

3

1 2

2.3.4

Page 16: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 50 -

2.3.4.1

( ) (

) ( )

2.3(a)

2.3(b)

2.3(c)

≤ 1%

< 20 kJ/g ?

≥ 85%

≥ 30 kJ/g ?

1

Page 17: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 51 -

2.3(b)

< 20 kJ/g ?

≥ 75 cm ?

1

2

≥ 15 cm ?

(a) ≤ 300 s/m3

(b) ≤ 300 g/m3 ?

2

2

Page 18: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 52 -

2.3(c)

(a) ≥ 20 cm ≥ 2

(b) ≥ 4 cm ≥ 7 ?

1

2

≥ 4 cm ≥ 2 ?

Page 19: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 53 -

2.3.4.2

2.3.4.2.1 (kJ/g) (ΔHc) (ΔHcomb)

1.0( 0.95 95%)

ΔHc ( ) = �n

i

[ wi% ΔHc(i)]

ΔHc = (kJ/g)

wi% = i

ΔHc(i) = i (kJ/g)

(

D 240 ISO/FDIS 13943 1999 (E/F) 86.l 86.3 NFPA 30B)

2.3.4.2.2

31.4 31.5 31.6

Page 20: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2
Page 21: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 55 -

� 2.4 �

�����

2.4.1

2.4.2

2.4.1

1

( ) 23.5%

2.4.3

( 1.4 ) 2

3

1

2.4.4

Page 22: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 56 -

2.4.4.1

ISO 10156 1996

2.4

2.4.4.2 ISO-10156,

� ×n

ii CiV %

Vi% =

Ci =

i =

n = n

� ×n

i

ii CV % > 21

1

Page 23: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 57 -

9%(O2) + 16%(N2O) + 75%(N2)

1. (Ci)

Ci (N2O) = 0.6 ( )

Ci (O) = 1 ( )

Ci ( ) = 40

2.

9%(O2) + 16%(N2O) + 75%(N2) = (9 × 1) + (16 × 0.6)

18.6 < 21

0.6%F2,

0.6%(F2) + 99.4%(N2)

F2 (Ci)= 40

40 × 0.6 = 24 > 21.

Page 24: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2
Page 25: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 59 -

� 2.5 �

����

2.5.1

20 °C 280 kPa

2.5.2

2.5.1

-50 °C

≤ -50 °C

-50 °C

(a) -50°C +65°C

(b) +65°C

2.5.3

( 1.4 ) 2

3

Page 26: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 60 -

2.5.2

2.5.4

2.5.4.1

Page 27: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 61 -

2.5

+65 °C ?

–50 °C ?

–50 °C +65 °C ?

(a) 50 °C 3

(b) 20°C 101.3kPa

Page 28: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 62 -

2.5.4.2

- 50 °C

- 20 °C

-

Page 29: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 63 -

� 2.6 �

����

2.6.1

93 °C

2.6.2

2.6.1

1 < 23 °C, � 35 °C

2 < 23 °C, > 35 °C

3 � 23 °C, � 60 °C

4 > 60 °C, � 93 °C

1 55 °C 75 °C

2 32

L.2 - ( ) 35 °C

3 ( )

2.6.3

( 1.4 ) 2

3

2.6.2

1 2 3 4

Page 30: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 64 -

2.6.4

2.6.4.1

2.6

1 55°C 75°C

3 4 2 32

L.2 - ( ) 35°C

4

1, 2

> 35°C ?

≥ 23°C ?

> 60°C ?

≤ 93 °C ?

/

3

1, 2

2

1

Page 31: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 65 -

2.6.4.2

2.6.4.2.1

2.6.4.2.2 3

2.6.4.2.3

5 °C,

(a) (

)

(b) ( 2.6.4.2.5 ) (

)

(c) ( )

(d)

2.6.4.2.3 Gmehling Rasmussen( 21,186,(1982))

2.6.4.2.4

2.6.4.2.5

ISO 1516

ISO 1523

ISO 3679

ISO 3680

( 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C 700, West Conshohocken,

Pennsylvania, USA 19428-2959)

ASTM D 3828-93,

ASTM D 56-93,

ASTM D 3278-96, Setaflash

ASTM D 0093-96,

3

Page 32: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 66 -

( AFNOR, Tour Europe, 92049 Paris La Défense)

NF M 07 - 019

NF M 07 - 011 / NF T 30 - 050 / NF T 66 - 009

NF M 07 - 036

�����(���389 Chiswick High Road, London, N7 8LB):

BS EN 22719

BS 2000 Part 170

( Burggraffenst 6, D-10787 Berlin)

DIN 51755 ( 65 °C)

DIN 51758 ( 65 °C 165 °C )

DIN 53213 ( 65 °C )

( 113813, GSP, Moscow, M-49 Leninsky Prospect, 9)

GOST 12.1.044-84

Page 33: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 67 -

� 2.7 �

����

2.7.1

2.7.2

2.7.2.1

33.2.1

45 2.2 /

2.7.2.2 10

2.7.2.3 ( )

2.7.2.4

33.2.1 N.1

2.7.1

1

(a)

(b) < 45 > 2.2 /

- ≤ 5

2

(a) 4

(b) < 45 > 2.2 /

- > 5 ≤ 10

Page 34: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 68 -

2.7.3

( 1.4 ) 2

3

2.7.2

1 2

2.7.4

33.2.1 N.1

Page 35: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 69 -

2.7

• :

< 45 > 2.2 / ?

• :

≤10 ?

1

2

/

• :

?

• :

> 5 ?

Page 36: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2
Page 37: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 71 -

� 2.8 �

��� ���

2.8.1

2.8.1.1 ( )

2.8.1.2

2.8.2

2.8.2.1

(a) 2.1

(b) 2.13 2.14

5%

(c) 2.15

(d) 300 /

(e) 50 (SADT) 75 °C

5%

(a) (c) (d) (e)

B F ( 2.8.2.2)

2.8.2.2 A G

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

( )

( )

( )

D

(e)

Page 38: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 72 -

(f)

(g)

(50 60°C

75°C) 150°C

150°C,

G

2 A G

2.8.2.3

(SADT) 55

28

2.8.3

( 1.4 ) 2

3

2.8.1

A B C D E F G a

a G

2.8.4

2.8.4.1

A H

Page 39: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 73 -

( A H)

2.8.4.2

(a)

6 A6.1 A6.2

(b) 75 °C

300 / (

20.3.3.3 )

Page 40: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 74 -

2.8

6.1

6 D

6.2

7.27.37.4

7E

7.1

10.1

10 G

10.2

3C

3.23.3

3.1

2.1

2B

2.2

1.1

1A

1.2

1.3

4.1

4C

/

11.2

12.1

12.2

12.3

13.1

13.2

13E

5.1

5C

5.2

5.3

8E

8.1..1

8.28.38.4

4.24.3

9.2

9E

9.1 9.3

9.4

11.1

11

12F

400 kg/450 l

?

A B C D E F G

Page 41: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 75 -

� 2.9 �

����

2.9.1

2.9.2

33.3.1.5 N.3

2.9.1

1

2.9.3

( 1.4 ) 2

3

2.9.2

1

2.9.4

2.9.4.1

33.3.1.5 N.3

Page 42: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 76 -

2.9.4.2

(

( ) )

/

1

1

Page 43: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 77 -

� 2.10 �

����

2.10.1

2.10.2

33.3.1.4 N.2

2.10.1

1

2.10.3

( 1.4 ) 2

3

2.10.2

1

2.10.4

Page 44: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 78 -

2.10.4.1

33.3.1.4 N.2

2.10.4.2

(

( ) )

?

/

1

Page 45: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 79 -

� 2.11 �

������

2.11.1

( )

( )

( )

2.11.2

2.11.2.1

33.3.1.6

(a) 25 140 °C

(b) 100 140 °C 100

120 °C 3

(c) 100 140 °C 100

100 °C 450

(d) 100 140 °C 100

100 °C

2.11.2.2

33.3.1.6 N.4 2.11.1

Page 46: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 80 -

2.11.1

1 25 140 °C

2 (a) 100 140 °C 25

140 °C 3

(b) 100 140 °C 25

140 °C 100 120 °C

450

(c) 100 140 °C 25

140 °C 100 100 °C

27 50°C 27

50°C 450

50°C 1

2.11.3

( 1.4 ) 2

3

2.11.2

1 2

2.11.4

2.11.4.1

33.3.1.6 N.4 2.11

Page 47: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 81 -

2.11.4.2

(a) 1 80K (Grewer Oven)( VDI

2263 1 1990 )

(b) 1 60K (N. · D.J.

4(3) 181-189,1985)

Page 48: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 82 -

2.11

1

3

450

100 100 °C

?

2

2

2

100 120 °C

?

25 140°C

?

100 140°C

?

/

Page 49: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 83 -

� 2.12 �

������� ����

2.12.1

2.12.2

33.4.1.4 N.5

2.12.1

1

10

2

20 1

3

1 1 2

1

2

2.12.3

( 1.4 ) 2

3

Page 50: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 84 -

2.12.2

1 2 3

2.12.4

2.12.4.1

33.4.1.4 N.5 2.12

2.12.4.2

(a)

(b)

(c)

Page 51: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 85 -

2.12

1 ?

10

1

3

/

20

2

Page 52: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2
Page 53: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 87 -

� 2.13 �

�����

2.13.1

2.13.2

34.4.2 O.2

2.13.1

1 ( ) 1:1

1:1 50%

1:1 ;

2 ( ) 1:1

40% 1:1

1 ;

3 ( ) 1:1

65% 1:1

1 2

2.13.3

( 1.4 ) 2

3

2.13.2

1 2 3

Page 54: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 88 -

2.13.4

2.13.4.1

34.4.2 O.2 2.13

2.13.4.2

2.13.4.2.1

2.13.4.2.2

( )

34.4.2

2.13.4.2.3

(a)

(b)

2.13.4.2.4

Page 55: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 89 -

2.13

1:1

≥ 2070 kPa

1:1

65%

1:1

1

3

/

1:1

1:1

50%

1:1

2

1:1

40%

1:1

Page 56: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2
Page 57: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 91 -

� 2.14 �

�����

2.14.1

2.14.2

34.4.1 O.1

2.14.1

1 4:1 1:1

3:2

2 4:1 1:1

2:3

1

3 4:1 1:1

3:7

1 2

2.14.3

( 1.4 ) 2

3

Page 58: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 92 -

2.14.2

1 2 3

2.14.4

2.14.4.1

34.4.1 O.1 2.14

2.14.4.2

2.14.4.2.1

2.14.4.2.2

(a)

(b)

2.14.4.2.3

Page 59: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 93 -

2.14

4:1 1:1

4:1 1:1

3:7

1

3

/

4:1 1:1

3:2 ?

2

4:1 1:1

2:3

Page 60: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2
Page 61: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 95 -

� 2.15 �

�����

2.15.1

2.15.1.1 -0-0-

( )

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

2.15.1.2

2.15.2

2.15.2.1

(a) 1.0% 1.0%

(b) 0.5% 1.0%

7.0%

(%)

� ���

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n

i i

ii

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( )

( )

Page 62: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 96 -

( )

(e)

(f)

(g)

G

(50 60 )

150

150 , F

1 G

2 A G

2.15.2.3

(a) SADT( )� 50 B C

(b) 4 SADT � 50

SADT � 45 D

(c) SADT � 45 E F

(SADT)

28

2.15.3

( 1.4 ) 2

3

4 , E

Page 63: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 97 -

2.15.1

A B C D E F G a

a G

2.15.4

2.15.4.1

A H 2.15

2.15.4.2

2.15.4.2.1

( 2.15.2.1)

2.15.4.2.2

( A H)

2.15.4.2.3

(SADT)

Page 64: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 98 -

2.15

6.1

6 D

6.2

7.27.37.4

7E

7.1

10.1

10 G

10.2

3C

3.2 3.3

3.1

2.1

2B

2.2

1.1

1A

1.2

1.3

4.1

4C

/

11.2

12.1

12.2

12.3

13.1

13.2

13E

5.1

5C

5.2

5.3

8E

8.1

8.28.38.4

4.2 4.3

9.2

9E

9.1 9.3

9.4

11.1

11

12F

400 kg/450 l

?

A B C D E F G

Page 65: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 99 -

� 2.16 �

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2.16.1

2.16.2

37.4

2.16.1

1 55 °C 6.25

2.16.3

( 1.4 ) 2

3

2.16.2

1

2.16.4

Page 66: 35- 45 - 2.2 2.2.1 20 C 101.3kPa 2.2.2 2.2.1 1 20 C 101.3kPa (a) 13% (b) 12 2 20 C 101.3kPa 1 1 2 2.3 2.2.3 ( 1.4 ) 2 3 2.2.2 1 2

- 100 -

2.16.4.1

2.16

2.16.4.2

37.4

(a)

S235JR+CR (1.0037 resp.St 37-2)

S275J2G3+CR (1.0144 resp.St 44-3) ISO 3574, (UNS) G

10200, SAE 1020

(b) 7075-T6 AZ5GU-T6

6.25mm/

/

1