1.1. andrzej zalewski

ANDRZEJ ZALEWSKI, MARIA STYBLIŃSKA

INCREASED SUCCESSFUL USE OF CYCLING IN POLISH CITIESIN THE ASPECT OF TRANSFORMATION

AND MEMBERSHIP IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Plan of Presentation

1. Introduction2. The current problems in towns and agglomerations in Poland 3. The tendencies of development of cycling in Poland4. Visions of cycling in Poland5. A roads to success - Conclusions

Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in the Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU

Prof. Dr Eng. Andrzej ZalewskiWarsaw University of Technology,

Faculty of ArchitectureJohn Paul II Catholic University of Lublin

Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Landscape Architecture

MSc. Maria Styblińskalecturer

Warsaw University of TechnologyFaculty of Architecture

Postgraduate Studies of Urban Plannig and Spatial Economy

Team of authors

1. Introduction

The paper presents the changes in use of bicycles during last 20 years in an aspect of a transition and Polish accession to the European Union (2004).

Modification of transportation behaviour to the direction of sustainable mobility and creativity favourable conditions for the use of the bicycle and generally improve the environmental conditions of life are effect of the process of transformation: changes in socio - economic system, the opening borders with Schengen’s Agreement, consequently, the Polish accession to the European Union.

These factors contributed significantly to the changes in the awareness of Polish society and the activities of the authorities at various levels (local and the state government).


Inhabitants of Poland in their behaviour and preferences, wanted to match to West European citizens. Also the city of its appearance and technical solutions in the field of transport should have been equal to the best ones in Western Europe.

To achieve these targets were very helpful means of the European Union, including in particular the funds the Transport Programme and Cohesion funds for environmental protection and regional development.

There has been a large increase in social activity of inhabitants. The new non-governmental organizations has been created. The civil budgets are established, for which residents decide

(including solution for cycling infrastructure).


These translates into: significant

transformation of public spaces of towns and cities, which become more friendly residents

created potentially better living conditions,

promoted sustainable development and environmental protection.


Warsaw – new cycling infrastructure

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2. The current problems in towns and agglomerations in Poland

Insufficiently developed network of motorways, expressways and

bypasses towns and agglomerations which causes in many cases, the transit traffic through centre of cities

The low level of road safety, including the high risk of pedestrians and cyclists

Insufficient road network hierarchy and multi functionality of urban networks

The increasing congestion on roads and streets.


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Number of passenger cars in Poland over the past 20 years has

increased by 230% (in 2015 – 520 vh./1000 inhab.) The sustainable development polices of cities and

agglomerations as a basic idea is stored in legal documents and planning, including in the field of spatial development and transport, but its implementation faces are difficulties

Well-developed public transportation systems, including systems for trams in many Polish cities and agglomerations, often discourage the use of bicycle

Big progress in development of cycling infrastructure and traffic calming zones.


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3. The tendencies of development of cycling in Poland Bicycles in the large cities are complementary and seasonal

means of transportation. In medium and small size towns is a real alternative to car and

public transport During the weekends the use of bicycles increases several times in

relation to the working day.

Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in The Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU

The highest bicycle usage occurs during the months since April - till October, when weather conditions are favourable!

Touristic cycling was and is very popular!

Cracow – cycling infrastructure in the inner city

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The use of bicycles for recreation and tourism has always been popular.

The development of systems of bicycle routes, supported by development of urban bicycle systems and change of consciousness in the context of sustainable development make a systematic increase in the active mobility and changes in the modal split.

Through investments in cycling infrastructure following harmonize and improve the quality of public spaces of many Polish cities.

Warsaw – new cycling infrastructure in the Center

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Important part of promotion of cycling is the development of tourist cycling routes.

2000 km of tourist cycling routes in Eastern Poland (Green Velo) in a high functional and technical standards.

Euro Velo routes are already operates approx. 600 km from 5600 km planned in Poland.

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Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in PolishCities in the Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU

Inaugurated in 20128–th of in Europe 10-th in the World

3039 Bikes10 tandems

in 204 stationsFor 2017 – 100 new stations and

1500 bikesFirst station

with bikes for children375 000 registrated users

1 975 085 number of rentals15 955 – daily record of rent

Average time to rent – 26’ 40’’

data during in 2015/2016Operator NextBike

Spectacular sucess of Warsaw Public Bike System!

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Operator NextBike

Spectacular sucess of Warsaw Public Bike System!

Public bike as a measure of development of active mobility and create a cycling culture!

Warsaw – Public Bike Stations

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The length of cycleways network in Polish cities – state 2016

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The length of cycleways network in Polish cities (2016)

Rzesz

ów

Gdańsk

Toruń

Olsztyn

WrocławLublin

Gliwice

Opole

Białys

tok

Szcze

cin

Poznań

Warsza

wa

Bydgosz

cz

Kraków

Często

chowa

Katowice

Gdynia

Bytom

Radom

Gorzów W

lkp.

Kielce

Łódź

Bielsk

o Biał

a0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

The level of needs in the development of the cycleways network in selected Polish cities [%] 2016

Ratio of the minimum requirements – 0,53 km/ 1000 inhab.In certain cities, minimal criterion is fullfil or will be fulfill soon


Existing network

RequiredPart to Minimum

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Modal split in selcected Polish cities [%]

Name of citynumber of residents

[thousands]Foot [%]

Bike [%]

Car [%]

Publictransport

[%]Others

[%]

Warsaw 2015 1714

18 3,1 32,2 46,5 0,2

21 1 24 54 *Warsaw 2010 Krakow 2010 755 25 1 28 46 *Wroclaw 2011 632 18,8 3,6 41,8 34,1 0,9Poznan 2013 554 13 4,3 39,4 43,3 *Szczecin 2010 406 19,3 1,4 43,4 35,1 0,8Bydgoszcz 2010 357 28 1 41 30 *

* - lack of data

Big participation of public transport and pedestrians! Level of bike in modal split in not high in big cities, but increase

quickly!

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Solutions of Polish cycling infrastructure is current worldwide trends: create „contra – flow” of

cycling and lanes in one-way street lanes

cycle locks at intersections the possibilities of cyclists

riding side by side and using electric bikes.

the traffic calming solutions – zones of tempo 30 or inhabitants area (20 km/h), becoming more and more popular, increase the possibility of the use of bicycles. They are safe and inexpensive solutions.

Poznań - Intersection in traffic calming zone

Source: http://www.gloswielkopolski.pl /motofakty/a/poznan-powiekszaja-strefe-tempo-30-uwaga-na-zmiany,10544686/, access 29.10.2016 r.

http://www.gloswielkopolski.pl/

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Other conditions of development: the further increase of public

awareness and the political will concern for the health

relatively low costs of travel its size of the space (more

than 50% of urban journeys in large cities less than 5 km and 2.5 km in average),

corresponds to the increasing of cycling mobility !

Chełm Lubelski – Cycling Path – part of Tourism Cycling Route of Eastern Polandand Lodz – shared space in the center

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Research Report foundation Allegro Allforplanet „Polish bicycle” (October 2016) confirms the trends discussed in the presentation: shows preferences and

characteristics of the behavior of cyclists in different age groups, taking into account differences according to geographical regions,

presents Polish cycling culture

analyzes the effects of the campaign cycle

evaluates the bicycle market.

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According to authors’ research among of Polish students: 90 % respondents see the bicycle as an integral means of

transportation in cities, 80% express the need of development of urban public bike about 60 % indicates development of traffic calming zones

(tempo 30) as internal support transport service in residential areas and city centers by conditions improvement of pedestrian and cyclists.

4. Visions of cycling in Poland

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5. A roads to success - Conclusions

In conclusions the development of cycling is a constant tendency in Poland.

The most important opening for the new and healthy trend of sustainable development

Socio - economic system changes - residents have an impact on the budget and the outgoings

Many solutions cycling infrastructure and traffic calming is the result of the Citizens Budget

EU factor in forcing the development of the system of sustainable and low-carbon transport. Support funds (~400 million Euro) gives good results

The development of cycling tourism is a factor in the change of consciousness and transportation behavior

Systematic development of road infrastructure and public bicycle systems!

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References

Green Paper on Urban Transport, Towards a new culture for urban mobility [SEC(2007) 1209] 25 September 2007. Greenways in Poland, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development, Warsaw 2014.National Statistical Office, Warsaw 2015.Raport Polska Rowerowa, FundacjiaAllegro Allforplanet , Poznań 2016, https://www.allforplanet.pl [access 10. 11.2016)White Paper, European transport policy for 2010: time to decide. COM (2001) 370.Zalewski A., Active Mobility in the Cities and Urban Areas in Poland, World Colloquium of Scientists for Cycling Velo-City Global 2016, ECF, National Taiwan University APTRC, Taipei, 2016 (presentation in english) .Zalewski A., Bicycle Routes In Eastern Poland as a Part of Socio - Economic Regions Development, Velo-Global, Vancouver 2012, www.veloglobal 2012.Zalewski A., Infrastructure for Cycling as Part of the Ddevelopment of Public Spaces In Towns And Agglomerations in Poland, Velo-Global, Vancouver 2012, www.veloglobal 2012.www. ecf. com/ ECF Eurobarometr 2015 [access: june 2015]www. .veturilo.waw.pl [access: february 2016]

https://www.allforplanet.pl/




http://www.veloglobal/

http://www.veloglobal/

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Thank you for

your attention

© Copywright by Andrzej Zalewski & Maria Styblińska

Warsaw University of Technology (Poland) [email protected];

[email protected] and publishing of this presentation in whole or

in part requires the permission of the authors

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

1.1. andrzej zalewski

Economy & Finance

Transcript of 1.1. andrzej zalewski